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[pt] A cristologia existencial de Karl Rahner e de Teresa de Calcutá é uma pesquisa cujo objetivo é apresentar, de modo comparativo, esses dois grandes místicos do século sem Deus (XX). O trabalho se estrutura em cinco momentos. Primeiro, é apresentada a vida do teólogo alemão que dá a tônica para o trabalho. Em seguida, a cristologia de Karl Rahner, a partir da qual descrevemos a proposta de uma nova reflexão cristológica para a atualidade, segundo o próprio teólogo. Da mesma forma, explicitamos as duas vertentes cristológicas, pensadas desde a relação com a pessoa de Jesus Cristo e tratadas por Karl Rahner, tanto a descendente, quanto a vertente ascendente. No terceiro momento, é apresentada a vida de Teresa de Calcutá – como foi a de Rahner – a partir da sua experiência espiritual. Em seguida, a cristologia de Madre Teresa é descrita e orientada com base em alguns teólogos, que oferecem luzes para a compreensão do pensamento dessa mulher que pode e será considerada uma teóloga. O último momento da pesquisa será estruturado numa perspectiva comparativa. Rahner e Teresa de Calcutá serão vistos a partir das consequências da chamada cristologia existencial, que afetam a reflexão teológica. Como via de aplicação, o pensamento do Papa Francisco será usado, de modo que se perceba o quanto a reflexão dos místicos pode contribuir para a renovação da teologia e, por consequência, da vida eclesial, nos dias atuais. Dessa maneira, a cristologia existencial de Karl Rahner e de Teresa de Calcutá oferecerá luzes para o ser cristão no século XXI. / [en] The existential Christology of Karl Rahner and of Therese of Calcutta is a research which objective is to present, in a comparative way, these both great mystics of the century without God (XX). This work is structured in five moments. First, It is presented the life of the German theologian which gives the tonic to the work. Then, the Christology of Karl Rahner from which we describe the proposal of a new Christological reflection for the present days, according to this theologian. At the same way, we explained the two Christological strands thought from the relation with the person of Jesus and treated by Karl Rahner which are both the descendant and the ascendant strand. In the third moment, It is presented the life of Therese of Calcutta – as we did with Rahner – from her spiritual experience. Then, the Christology of Mother Therese is described and oriented based on some theologians, who offer lights for the comprehension of this woman s thought who can and will be consider as a theologian. The last research moment is going to be structured in a comparative way. Rahner and Therese will be seen from the inconsequences of the called existential Christology, which affect the theological reflection. As a way of application, Pope Francis thought will be used, in order of realizing how much the reflections of the mystics can contribute with the renewal of theology and, as a consequence, the ecclesial life, in the present day. This manner, the existential Christology of Karl Rahner and of Therese of Calcutta will offer lights for the being a Christian in the XXI century.

In “Documents of Revolution” I compare various non-fiction prose genres with incipient journalistic media, including scrapbooks, photographs, films and radio poems, to explore the new internationalisms that emerged during the Spanish Civil War. Many studies of the war have prioritized visiting authors and their experience of travelling Spain. By contrast, I show how local critics, writers, and poets, such as the anarchist filmmaker Mateo Santos, the memoirist María Teresa León, and the poet Miguel Hernández, were crucial intermediaries between Spanish working-class oral cultures and foreign visiting authors, such as George Orwell, Nancy Cunard, Langston Hughes and Nicolás Guillén. I describe three modes of relation between intellectual elites and the working class: occupying, broadcasting, and archiving. By reading for the living internationalism of the working-class, I unearth various internationalisms (anarchist, Black Hispanophone, and feminist-humanitarian) that have not received due attention. These overlapping networks and diasporas ensured that the revolutionary and multimedia documentary poetics of the war disseminated far beyond Spain’s borders.

María de Jesús (1690s-1776) was a white-veiled Discalced Carmelite nun of the San José convent in Santa Fe de Bogotá, founded in 1606. She professed in the year 1714, and her spiritual journal was printed in a chronicle about the convent in the 1940s. The aim of this study is to examine the love of God and of neighbour, as expressed in the spiritual journal of María de Jesús. In this study I will proceed from the understanding of love as charity. In Christian thought God Himself is love, and its source. Charity, the third, and greatest, of the theological virtues, is a state of being in and responding to God’s love and favour. This way of loving consists in loving God wholeheartedly and loving our neighbour as ourselves. Included in loving our neighbour are acts related to his or her spiritual benefit and salvation. These are all present themes in María de Jesús’ text, but my aim is to examine how she incorporates these themes in her spiritual testimony by analyzing the imagery she uses, and the affective language in her spiritual journal. I will also seek to understand her way of writing by analyzing her text against the background of the tradition of women’s spiritual writings. Being a Discalced Carmelite, it will also be interesting to discover the Teresian presence in María de Jesus’ text, i.e. the influence of her predecessor and the reformer of the order, Teresa of Ávila (1515- 1582). I suggest that this can be noticed in certain rhetorical techniques. I also aim to examine if there are any similarities and differences in their expressions of love of God and of neighbour.

Châteaux intérieurs, du théâtre de la mémoire aux espaces imaginaires est une thèse composée de trois films, d’une installation vidéo et de deux scénarios. Ces travaux reposent sur des interrogations liées au lieu et à sa mémoire. Des mnémotechniques rhétoriques de l’antiquité aux usages du flashback dans le montage cinématographique, cette recherche traverse les champs de la photographie, des arts plastiques, de la littérature et du cinéma afin d’inventer ses propres usages plastiques de concepts philo- sophiques. Chaque projet développe sa façon propre d’aborder le sujet de la représentation d’un espace fantasmé, imaginé; façons liées au « genre » des propositions, à la place laissée au spectateur et, au cœur même des films, à la multiplicité des subjectivités des personnages. Ainsi, le film Demeure convoque saint Augustin et l’art de la mémoire tandis que Sirènes joue des effets de montage et de réminiscences. Les Passages secrets lie lieux réels et espaces fictionnels par l’installation in situ dans le village de Binic. La déambulation est alors une autre manière de rejouer le trajet discursif de la méthode des loci. Le scénario Sans Perceval, adapté des Vagues de Virginia Woolf, singularise quant à lui une multiplicité de points de vue sur un même temps partagé dans un lieu unique. D’une autre manière, Les Atomes joue avec la figure de la baleine comme lieu symbolique sur lequel achoppent et divergent les imaginaires. Enfin, en utilisant l’idée d’espace intérieur dans la fiction même, le projet des Châteaux intérieurs propose une voie d’actualisation d’anciennes propositions philosophiques et théologiques, autour d’une variation moderne du personnage de sainte Thérèse d’Avila. Ce dernier scénario agrège ainsi plusieurs concepts fréquemment évoqués, repris, mentionnés dans la topique chrétienne, ici distordus, transformés et utilisés dans la fiction même. / The thesis Mind Palaces, from Memory Theatre to Imaginary Spaces is composed of three films, one video installation and two scripts. These works focus on questions of places and their memory. From ancient rhetorical mnemonics to the use of flashbacks in film editing, this study covers the fields of photography, fine arts, literature and film, in order to come up with its own artistic interpretation of philosophical concepts. Each project develops its own way of broaching the representation of a dreamt-up, imagined space; be it relating to the "genre" of proposals, to the role given to the audience, or, at the very heart of the films, to the multi- plicity of subjectivities of the characters. Thus, the film Remains evokes Saint Augustine and the art of memory, whilst Mermaids plays with various editing and reminiscence effects. Secret Passages links real places and fictional spaces through the in situ installation in the village of Binic, and the act of wandering therefore beco- mes another way of replaying the discursive journey in the method of loci. As for the Without Percival script, based on Virginia Woolf's The Waves, it differentiates between multiple points of view on a given moment shared in a single place. In a different way, Atoms plays with the whale as a symbolic place against which imaginations wash up and diverge. Finally, by using the idea of an interior space within the fic- tion itself, the Mind Palaces project provides a way of updating ancient philosophical and theological theories, based on a modern variation of Saint Teresa of Ávila. This last script combines a number of concepts that are frequently alluded to, revisited and mentioned in Christianity, and are here distorted, transformed and used in the fiction itself.

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Art and mysticism in the 21st century. Artistic creation as an approach to spirituality is the result of a deep study carried out from the point of view of artistic creation. A study based on mysticism, on the mystics of the 16th and 17th centuries and on the associated symbology and its influence in the art of the 21st century. A research work that takes as reference an endless range of fields such as philosophy, psychology, theology, history, aesthetics and art among others, to go in depth into mysticism, mystery and spirituality. The main objective of the work is the study of mysticism and its influence in art, focusing more intensely on the process of creation of the artistic project that has been carried out for this thesis. From references such as Santa Teresa de Jesus and San Juan de la Cruz, it has been developed a whole poetic and symbolic universe that has been used to generate the proposed sculptural resources. Starting from this analysis, the concepts of spirituality and contemplation, dialogue, pain and silence have been taken to make each one of the personal artistic proposals. In our case this process has helped us, on the one hand, to discover our own inside, our being, in order to search for the absolute and, on the other hand, to propose new methods of creation, new ways of dealing with art itself. A whole field of concepts and references that have helped us to build our own artistic and plastic discourse. This study serves to demonstrate the influence of these authors, themes and symbologies in contemporary art. Good evidence of this are the exhibitions that reveal these concepts, as well as the artists who make use of them. This Doctoral Thesis is a place for reflection on methods of creation and it allows us to appreciate the similarities of the creative process between the mystic and the artist. Both paths bring us closer to our inner world and show that both art and mysticism imply a transforming dimension in mankind. / Arte y mística en el siglo XXI. La creación artística como una aproximación a la espiritualidad es la consecuencia de un profundo estudio, llevado a cabo desde el punto de vista de la creación artística, sobre la mística, sobre los místicos del siglo XVI y XVII y sobre la simbología asociada, y su influencia en el arte del siglo XXI. Una investigación que toma como referente un sin fin de campos como la filosofía, la psicología, la teología, la historia, la estética y el arte, entre otros, para adentrarse en la mística, en el misterio y en la espiritualidad. El trabajo tiene como objetivo principal el estudio de la mística y su influencia en el arte, centrándose, más intensamente, en el proceso de creación del proyecto artístico que se ha realizado para esta tesis. A partir de referentes como santa Teresa de Jesús y san Juan de la Cruz, se ha elaborado todo un universo poético y simbólico que ha servido para generar los recursos plásticos propuestos. Partiendo de este análisis, se han tomado los conceptos de espiritualidad y contemplación, diálogo, dolor y silencio, para elaborar cada una de las propuestas artísticas personales. En nuestro caso, este proceso, nos ha ayudado, por un lado, a descubrir nuestro propio interior, nuestro ser, con el fin de la búsqueda de lo absoluto y, por otro, a plantear nuevos métodos de creación, nuevas maneras de enfrentarse al hecho artístico. Todo un campo de conceptos y referentes que nos han servido para construir nuestro propio discurso artístico y plástico. Este estudio sirve para evidenciar la influencia de estos autores, estas temáticas y estas simbologías en el arte contemporáneo, prueba de ello son las exposiciones que ponen de manifiesto actualmente estos conceptos, así como los artistas que hacen uso de ellos. Esta Tesis Doctoral supone un lugar para la reflexión sobre métodos de creación y nos permite apreciar las semejanzas del proceso creativo entre el místico y el artista. Ambos caminos nos acercan a nuestro mundo interior y ponen de manifiesto, que tanto el arte como la mística conllevan una dimensión transformadora en el hombre. / Art i mística al segle XXI. La creació artística com una aproximació a l'espiritualitat és la consequ¿ència d'un profund estudi, dut a terme des del punt de vista de la creació artística, sobre la mística, sobre els místicos del segle XVI i XVII i sobre la simbologia associada, i la seva influència en l'art del segle XXI. Una recerca que pren com a referent un sense fi de camps com la filosofia, la psicologia, la teologia, la història, l'estètica i l'art, entre uns altres, per endinsar-se en la mística, en el misteri i en l'espiritualitat. El treball té com a objectiu principal l'estudi de la mística i la seua influència en l'art, centrant-se, més intensament, en el procés de creació del projecte artístic que s'ha realitzat per a aquesta tesi. A partir de referents com a Santa Teresa de Jesús i Sant Joan de la Creu, s'ha elaborat tot un univers poètic i simbòlic que ha servit per generar els recursos plàstics proposats. Partint d'aquesta anàlisi, s'han pres els conceptes d'espiritualitat i contemplació, diàleg, dolor i silenci, per elaborar cadascuna de les propostes artístiques personals. En el nostre cas, aquest procés, ens ha ajudat; d'una banda, a descobrir el nostre propi interior, el nostre ésser; amb la finalitat de la cerca de l'absolut i, per un altre, a plantejar nous mètodes de creació, noves maneres d'enfrontar-se al fet artístic. Tot un camp de conceptes i referents que ens han servit per construir el nostre propi discurs artístic i plàstic. Aquest estudi serveix per evidenciar la influència d'aquests autors, aquestes temàtiques i aquestes simbologies en l'art contemporani. Prova d'això són les exposicions, que posen de manifest actualment aquests conceptes, així com els artistes que fan ús d'ells. Aquesta Tesi Doctoral suposa un lloc per a la reflexió sobre mètodes de creació i ens permet apreciar les semblances del procés creatiu entre el místic i l'artista. Tots dos camins ens acosten al nostre món interior i posen de manifest, que tant l'art com la mística comporten una dimensió transformadora en l'home. / Mañas García, A. (2017). Arte y mística en el siglo XXI. La creación artística como una aproximación a la espiritualidad [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/90530 / TESIS