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住宅優惠貸款政策承貸戶效益之分析-以臺北市為例江淑華, Chiang, Shu Hua Unknown Date (has links)
任何一項支出計畫都會耗費許多資源,在資源有限情況下,如何使資源使
用達到最經濟有效的配置,審慎評估各項計畫的成本與效益,便顯得格外
重要。本文的目的乃是利用消費者剩餘的概念,估計住宅優惠貸款計畫下
承貸戶之Hicksian價格均等變量(equivalent variation),分析比較現行
「國民住宅貸款辦法」與「輔助人民貸款自購住宅辦法」下承貸戶之效益
與成本、消費型態改變情形及住宅優惠貸款計畫的利益歸屬與分配狀況。
希望能夠提供從事國民住宅政策研究者另外一種思考方向。基於資料上的
限制,本研究實證分析是以臺北市為主。且為了求出承貸戶真正的福利變
化,本文乃利用特定的住宅需求函數,並且先行估計其參數值,求出價格
均等變量之算術解,再以民國八十一年行政院經建會都住處委託政大財政
研究所對臺北市國民住宅現住戶及輔助人民貸款自購住宅住戶所作的「現
階段國民住宅貸款政策」調查問卷資料代入,求出住宅優惠貸款計畫下的
平均利益及實質所得增加率。並且根據其淨利益與家庭特性之回歸關係式
,分析其利益歸屬及分配情形。
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原住民社區之公民參與研究--以清泉風景區計畫為例 / Citizen participation in the indigenous coummunity: a case study on the Qingquan scenic area project何筱筠, Ho, Hsiao Yun Unknown Date (has links)
On August 25, 2004, Taiwan was hit by Typhoon Aere which caused great damage in Taoshan Village Wufong Township in Hsinchu County. Later that year, in order to reconstruct Wufong Township and promote tourism, the Hsinchu County Government proposed the “Second Overall Review of the Qingquan Scenic Area Project”.
The residents of Taoshan Village are aborigines. Many factors hinder aborigines from participating in the development of public policy, including incompleteness of information, weakness of mobilization, and cultural differences. This study is a case study of Taoshan Village, Wufong Township, and interviews local residents, resident representatives, and government officials. Through the case study, the thesis aims to develop an understanding of the process of citizen participation of the indigenous people in Wufong Township during the Second Overall Review of the Qingquan Scenic Area Project and to analyze the difficulties in implementing citizen participation during the process of urban planning.
The results of the research show that the citizen participation system outlined in the existing urban planning regulations cannot be effectively implemented in the indigenous regions. As a result, the residents have a very limited influence on decision-making. In addition, the study also finds that a lack of citizen participation in the early stages of urban planning led to some problems. Finally, based on the findings and results, this study provides suggestions on policy in hopes that citizen participation can be implemented effectively in indigenous regions.
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老人對居家環境之評價蘇怡文 Unknown Date (has links)
住宅問題隨著經濟發展、社會型態轉變以及都市人口遽增,已成為目前臺灣社會所面臨之重要問題。尤其老人人口比例快速增加,更突顯老人住宅問題的重要性。檢視國內有關老人住宅問題之研究,有客觀指標探討居住品質,有分析居住者之主觀居住滿意度,惟住宅的品質不應僅依靠客觀的標準或是主觀的滿意度而定,更應該考量居住者對其環境之感受,特別是在瞭解老人的生理、心理、及社會需求下,進一步來探討居住者對環境之認知感受。本研究以環境心理學的角度探究老人室內居住環境,包括下列議題:(一)瞭解目前老人的居住環境品質;(二)試圖從老人的立場出發,明白什麼樣的環境才是好的居住環境;(三)探討當老人在評價環境的好壞時,採取什麼樣的標準;(四)分析哪些因素會影響老人對其環境之評價;(五)根據研究結果提出建議。
本研究採用質性研究方法,深入訪談十位居住在一般社區的老人。研究發現:(一)老人們對其居住環境之評估有五個範疇:空間、顏色、照明、溫度及噪音等。(二)老人們對室內居住環境的主觀評價有四個面向:對空間的評估、對顏色的喜惡、對購買東西的權利以及對擺設東西的權利。(三)主觀評價會因其所擁有的資源(自主)而有不同,自主指的是自主權、受到尊重以及自由權。(四)老人對室內居家環境之評價是基於客觀實質環境 vs. 心理感受、生理因素 vs. 心理因素及安全vs. 舒適等。(五)影響老人對室內居住環境評價之因素有身體狀況、社會支持及住宅位置等。(六)以自主的角度來看老人對居住環境之評估,可發現老人的個人特質如性別、年齡及家庭支持等,會影響其評估。本研究分別從政策上的目標、實務上的目標、建立社區支援體系、建立無障礙空間、提供多元化的活動及設施、重視女性老人的權利以及建築業者設計住宅時所需之考量等方面提出建議。
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原住民社區組織在地化-以「原住民深耕德瑪汶協會」為例 / Aboriginal community organization's localization - "Taiwan Indigenous Dmavun Development Association" as an example章思偉 Unknown Date (has links)
九二一地震後,中台灣原住民部落地區遭到嚴重破壞,隸屬於中華至善社會福利服務協會(後改制為至善社會福利基金會)的大安溪部落工作站開始於大安溪畔的泰雅族部落群進行生活重建工作,經過數年之後,工作站成立「原住民深耕德瑪汶協會」,並且於民國98年元月開始,至善社會福利基金會則退出部落,交給在地組織原住民深耕德瑪汶協會推展原住民社區工作。
本研究探討原住民深耕德瑪汶協會成立的原因及脈絡、德瑪汶成立的過程以及遭遇之問題、工作站/德瑪汶與至善之間的關係如何轉變,以深入了解在地組織的成立與運作,且從大安溪部落工作站到原住民深耕德瑪汶協會,為少數的九二一災後重建開始,持續至今的組織,並成功促使外來團體退場,其經驗極具研究與參考價值,望透過本研究對本土的原住民社區工作做出貢獻。
據此,本研究結論如下:
一、自主自決以永續發展
成立在地組織,使部落的工作者更有能力,亦感覺到更有自信,有部落的主體,社區工作更加融合傳統文化與成長脈絡。成立在地組織達到能力建構並取得自主權,以面對文化衝突與維護部落主體。
二、部落工作者的培力
成立在地組織,帶給部落工作者改變,首先是決策參與機制的成長,增加參與決策,賦予工作者權力參加。其次是主體與責任感的增加,這是部落工作者的協會,工作者更有主體感並覺得有責任維持住協會的運作與做好傳承工作。
三、部落關係的改善
成立在地組織以解決身為外來團體,其正當性不足的問題,包含資源爭取及社區產業競爭等層面。且運用社區照顧與社區福利服務以改善與部落組織或個人之關係。
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釘住通貨膨脹政策之影響-動態分量迴歸之應用 / The effect of inflation targeting policy - The application of dynamic quantile regression陳敬翔 Unknown Date (has links)
貨幣政策為中央銀行控制經濟情勢最主要的工具。1990年紐西蘭成為第一個採取釘住通貨膨脹率政策的國家,許多經濟學家開始認為釘住通貨膨脹率政策為最適當的貨幣政策。本論文利用Lin(2010)動態追蹤資料分量迴歸,分析釘住通貨膨脹率政策對通貨膨脹率,經濟成長,通貨膨脹率之波動和經濟成長之波動的影響。本論文以103個國家在1960-2010年的追蹤資料為例,實證結果發現,通貨膨脹率水準高的國家,釘住通貨膨脹率政策降低通貨膨脹率水準的效果愈強且顯著,而經濟成長高的國家則必須損失經濟成長作為代價,並且可以穩定通貨膨脹率和經濟成長之波動。此結果應證了Ball and Sheridan(2003)提到通貨膨脹率愈高的國家,降低愈多的通貨膨脹率水準。在考慮經濟成長和通貨膨長之抵換關係後,釘住通貨膨脹率政策在高通貨膨脹率的國家能夠有效降低通貨膨脹率水準。另外,在OECD國家和新興市場也得到類似的結論。
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高密度建成環境下影響住宅居住品質之都市設計元素之研究 / The effects of urban design elements on residential livability in high-density built environment林煥軒 Unknown Date (has links)
近年由於永續發展的觀念興起,許多與永續發展理念相契合的都市發展型態(Urban Form)如緊密都市(Compact City)及大眾運輸導向發展(Transit-Oriented Development, TOD)等,皆提出高密度之都市發展建議。但高密度都市發展可能引起採光及通風不良、景觀的惡化、個人隱私的侵害等潛在的負面影響。然而,過去文獻對於以都市規劃或設計,以減輕高密度建成環境對居民造成的負面影響甚少著墨。基此,本研究目的為分析都市計畫與設計元素對高建成環境的住宅居住品質的影響。研究方法為於虛擬的社區環境中,運用影響住宅建物的都市規劃與設計之元素,藉以建立不同住宅社區空間情境,進而分析個別規劃或設計元素對於居民與行人的不同居住品質指標的影響。主要分析工具包括ArcGIS、Google Sketchup,分析方法包括模擬分析、彈性係數計算。研究分別由居民及行人兩種觀點進行探討,結果顯示不同面相之都市設計元素的改變,在不同觀點之下,對於居住品質皆產生不同程度之影響,藉此有助於進一步了解各種都市設計元素與社區中居民及行人之間的關係,以作為未來都市設計工作及政策之參考。
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勝鬘夫人經之如來藏學說 / On the Tathagatagarbha doctrine in the Sutra of Lion's Roar of Queen Srimala.陳雪萍, Chen, Hsueh Ping Unknown Date (has links)
本文以《勝鬘經》如來藏學說為探討主題,乃以「如來藏」為核心概念,簡擇文本與此相關之生命解釋及修學義理,透過概念釐清、界說與義理分析,嘗試對生命何以能轉凡成聖作出說明。關乎此有三道環節:(1) 表現為「生命」之根本理則。(2) 生死之所由及生死之可解脫。(3) 生命之得以開展乃至成佛。
在作法上,則扣緊此三環節而依序展開論文綱目,由此揭歷相關論題,並進行一層層之思辨與回應,從而鋪陳出《勝鬘經》如來藏學說之要義。本文各章大綱如下:
第一章「緒論」。說明研究主題、問題意識、研究方法、文獻依據、論述架構等,初步交代本文主要研究線索與申論項目。
第二章「文獻回顧」。將對古德註疏與現代相關研究作品進行介紹及討論,透過這部份的整理,希望能在本論文中呈現《勝鬘經》較完整之研究成果概觀,或盼由此發為後續之思辨題材與議論重點。
第三章「如來藏意蘊之探討」。先是透過Michael Zimmermann以及高崎直道之研究所得,大致對「如來藏」一詞理出較適切之字面意涵。繼依佛典相關教示、論說,追索並勾勒此眾生皆具之「如來藏」應何所指?另外,為接下來的討論方便,本章末後將對「藏識」一語略作介紹。
第四章「如來藏意蘊之開顯:由法身藏、法界藏、性淨藏之辨析以理解如來藏染淨依之性格」。本章立論有二軸線,一是借經文所示,帶出與「如來藏」同一義理脈絡之法身、法界、性淨等關鍵概念,辨析此些單詞何以能被同時使用於彼凡、聖二境殊異之說明?如關於法身之「在纏」與「出纏」。另一軸線自是由上一理路之釐清,來為「如來藏」作為生命染淨依之角色或性格進行適當解明。
第五章「如來藏之受染與離染」。轉入眾生染污心識以及透過修行得而去染存淨之討論。在第三章已大致對「如來藏成染或受染為藏識」之情況做了說明,本章一開始將先分析「藏識」之多重意義、階段性性格,以及與「無明住地」二者之關係,由此引介「無明住地」。繼之探討聖者對住地煩惱之去捨,即離染過程之修為與階次,是以分段生死、變易生死、意生身等為關鍵法目。最後回到「如來藏之厭苦、樂求涅槃」此一眾生得以去染存淨之立基點來加以討論。
第六章「空如來藏與不空如來藏之修行開展」。探討勝鬘夫人所宣說直截、堅定之修行準則,即由如來藏空智之照了,謂般若波羅蜜多之修習,依此將開展空如來藏與不空如來藏之功用運行,前者謂是智用離染,後者則為悲化聚德,由此長養行者之法身慧命,而畢竟離染無住。分析此一如來藏空智之運作,由其理據、實踐以致證果,皆是切落、符應、貫徹於法住法位之緣起法則,以此而為大乘了義,是佛陀親證之聖諦義趣,確能令眾生轉凡成聖,離苦得樂。
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論家庭所需自用住宅稅負問題之研究-以設立戶籍登記及身分限制為核心問題曾雅萍 Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
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老人居住安排-居住安排轉換、年歲增長與居住安排、居住安排滿意改變之探討 / The Living Arrangements of the Elderly: An Analysis of Living Arrangement Transitions, Aging and Living Arrangement, and Changes in Satisfaction with Living Arrangements張桂霖, Chang, Guey Lin Unknown Date (has links)
本論文首先介紹臺灣老人的居住安排基本概況。接著,以交換理論與家庭價值觀,分析居住安排的轉換。同時,從經濟因素與需要因素的推拉作用以及家庭價值觀與交換理論,分析老人「移與子女居」和「子女回居」。再接著,應用相同樣本探討年歲增長與居住安排的關係,分析一群老人從初老經過中老到老老三個階段的居住安排。最後,以人與環境一致模式、基本生活需求滿足假說,分析老人居住安排滿意與否的改變。
以往討論老人居住安排的轉換,大多以家庭價值觀解釋,強調感情因素,當老人有最大需要時,例如,健康惡化或從有偶變成無偶,更可能發生轉換為與子女同住。但現代化社會,經濟因素轉趨重要,可能需要以交換理論補強。因此,本論文使用我國行政院衛生署與密西根大學合作之「臺灣地區中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查」縱斷面調查資料,進行老人居住安排轉換的分析研究,觀察居住安排轉換行為,以檢視這兩種觀點對於居住安排轉換的解釋力。又,以往的相關研究大多以靜態變數為解釋變數,本論文貢獻主要在於以動態的變數-相關變數前後期的變化-為解釋變數,檢視其對老人居住安排轉換的影響。結果發現:以家庭價值觀或以交換理論解釋老人居住安排的轉換,都獲得部分支持;但沒有足夠的證據支持健康惡化或從有偶變無偶是影響老人轉換為與子女同住的關鍵因素;相反地,與交換理論相關的重大經濟決策權的改變變得比較重要,造成更可能發生轉換為不與子女同住或與子女同住。隱含著家庭價值觀對老人居住安排轉換的影響逐漸式微,而交換理論的影響力則越來越強,可彌補以家庭價值觀解釋之不足。
本論文亦使用縱斷面調查資料,以相關變數前後期的變化為解釋變數,檢視臺灣老人從不與子女同住變成「移與子女居」及「子女回居」的影響因素。結果隱含老人正向經濟因素的轉變更可能發生「子女回居」,需要因素及負向經濟因素的轉變則更可能發生「移與子女居」,而且沒有證據足認健康狀況轉差是影響轉換為與子女同住的關鍵因素。
有別於以往許多老人居住安排的文獻常將65歲以上的人當作一個群體,或有的橫斷面研究使用不同樣本,抑或即使以縱斷面研究亦使用不同樣本,進行老化研究,本論文利用相同樣本縱斷面研究分析老年人在初老、中老、老老階段的居住安排,回答「隨著年齡的增長,老人與子女共住的比例是呈U型或直線下降的關係?」、「老化對居住安排有何影響?」的問題。研究結果顯示隨著年齡的增長,老人與子女共住的比例呈直線下降。本論文發現一些因素在某階段有顯著影響,而在其他階段未發現有顯著影響,此即與老化有關;除此,對三個階段的居住安排均發生顯著影響的因素,其影響程度亦隨著年齡的增長而有不同,均為預測老人各階段居住安排決定的良好指標。
本論文為檢視究竟何因素影響老人居住安排滿意與否之改變,使用縱斷面調查資料,應用人與環境一致和基本生活需求滿足之理論基礎,以動態的變數-相關變數前後期的改變-為解釋變數,檢視其影響。結果發現:以人與環境一致或基本生活需求滿足,解釋居住安排滿意與否之改變,都獲得部分支持,同時,「愛屋及烏」假說亦獲得支持。顯示居住安排滿意與否之改變,主要歸因於環境與個體間之一致及合適與否。
總結而言,老人隨著年歲增長,居住安排從滿意變為不滿意者的比例增加,健康狀況亦呈直線下降,但不與子女同住的比例遞增,與子女同住的居住安排則呈直線下降,許多影響因素已顯示老人由家庭照護的傳統價值日漸式微。無論老人採行何種居住安排,理應以提高居住安排滿意度,提昇老人福祉為依歸。此際,除了由政府提出有效對策以為改善之外,老人宜自求多福,例如,改善居住環境、移居良好醫療環境,家庭重大決策放手由子女承擔,多多參與社交性或拜訪親友、鄰居的活動,快樂邁向成功老化。 / This dissertation, firstly, introduces the basic overview of living arrangements of the elderly in Taiwan. Then, it analyzes the transitions in living arrangements among elderly of family values and exchange theory, meanwhile, it also analyzes “moving to be with children” and “returning to the nest” from needs factors and economic factors as well as family values and exchange theory. Then, it uses a panel study to examine the living arrangements of young-old, old-old, and oldest-old. Finally, it applies a theoretical basis of person-environment congruence and basic-needs content to analyze the changes in satisfaction with living arrangements of the elderly.
The value placed on family was often used to explain the influence on living arrangements transitions in previous literature. Yet economic factors have become important in modern society, therefore we need to use exchange theory to strengthen the explanation on transitions. This dissertation, therefore, attempts to compare these two explanations through analyzing transitions, and to examine the effects of these two viewpoints on transitions. Using a longitudinal data source, the Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan, produced by the Department of Health (Taiwan) and the University of Michigan, a binomial logit model is used to observe the behavior of transitions. The contribution of this dissertation mainly lies in taking the dynamic variables, the changes of related variables between baseline and follow-up, as independent variables to examine the influence on the transitions. Empirical results show that both family value and exchange theory cause the living arrangements transitions, but lack evidence to prove that a senior’s health deterioration or the loss of a spouse was the major determinant of the transition to live with children. Contrarily, transitions of living arrangements are more likely to occur when a senior changes her/his role as the economic decision-maker into the non economic decision-maker of the household or vice versa. That implies the influence of family values on transitions is decreasing, and the influence of exchange theory is increasing.
This dissertation also uses a longitudinal data source and takes the changes of related variables between baseline and follow-up as independent variables to examine what factors are associated with “moving to be with children” and “returning to the nest” among those living apart from children at baseline of Taiwanese seniors. Empirical results imply that “returning to the nest” is more likely to occur when a senior’s positive economic factors are changed; while “moving to be with children” is more likely to occur when a senior’s needs factors and negative economic factors are changed, and lacking evidence to prove that health deterioration was the major determinant of the transition to live with children.
Most previous research on elderly living arrangements examined all people aged 65 and over as a whole. Some cross-sectional studies on aging employed different samples, as did some longitudinal studies. This dissertation examines the living arrangements of young-old, old-old, and oldest-old in Taiwan. A panel study was used to answer the following questions: Is the proportion of coresidence with increased age U-shaped or decreased linearly? What influence does aging have on living arrangements? Analytical results show that the proportion of coresidence decreased linearly among the same samples for the young-old, old-old, and oldest-old. Empirical results show that some factors were significant at some stages, while not significant at other stages, that is, they were affected by aging. Additionally, some factors related to living arrangements for all three age groups, and their effects differed with increased age. All of them are good indicators in predicting the determinants of elderly living arrangements for the three groups.
This dissertation also uses a longitudinal data source, applies a theoretical basis of person-environment congruence and basic-needs content, and takes the dynamic variables, the changes in related variables between the baseline and follow-up, as independent variables to examine the determinants of changes in satisfaction with living arrangements of the elderly. Empirical results indicate that both person-environment congruence and basic-needs content partially cause changes in satisfaction with living arrangements, and the “love me, love my dog” hypothesis is also fulfilled. This dissertation suggests that changes in satisfaction with living arrangements are mainly attributed to the congruence or fit between the environment and the individual.
Summarily, the proportion of dissatisfaction with living arrangements increases as age increases, the condition of health worsened linearly and the proportion of living with children is decreased with increased age, many factors have been implied the influence of traditional values on family care is decreasing. No matter what kind of living arrangement the elderly adopted, they should improve the living arrangement satisfaction, and enhance the welfare. At this time, beyond the improvements through effective measures of the government, the elderly should fend for themselves by improving the living environment, moving to a good medical environment, transferring the power of decision-making to children, and more involving in sociability or visiting relatives, friends and neighbors. And then they achieve successful aging happily.
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住宅用地地價查估之考量因素-以市地重劃區為例張昱諄 Unknown Date (has links)
市地重劃的地價查估影響到土地所有權人的費用負擔、用地負擔、土地分配及補償的權益。依據地價理念,不同的土地使用類別會有不一樣的影響地價因素,然而市地重劃地價查估所考量的影響地價因素是否與地價理念相符?市地重劃地價查估的法令規定與實務作法是否有所差異且符合地價理念?皆為本文的研究目的,而本文以個案的實證分析,檢討現行市地重劃之地價查估作法,研究結果有二:
一、市地重劃地價查估法令規定及實務作法與地價理念有落差。
法令規定內容不夠詳盡,而實務作法比法令規定更加簡略,甚至直接參酌公告土地現值或是直接推估重劃後可能之平均地價,作為重劃計畫書中概算負擔比率之依據,所以市地重劃的地價查估未因土地使用類別不同而考量個別的影響地價因素,與地價理念不符。
二、市地重劃後的地價查估未考量土地面積因素。
影響住宅用地地價的因素有可及性、臨街寬度及土地面積,而依據本文的實證研究發現,市地重劃地價查估考量了可及性及臨街因素,但是忽略土地面積大小對地價的影響,如此一來,與真正的地價曲線不同,會影響到查估的準確性。
因此本文建議市地重劃地價查估的法令規定與實務作法應該更加詳盡,並應先依土地使用分區不同而規定其影響地價之因素,且應該考量土地面積因素的影響,在土地面積變動後,地價上漲率要隨之變動以符合真正的地價曲線,才能使地價查估更具準確性而不影響相關權利人的利益。
關鍵字:市地重劃、地價查估、住宅用地 / Land value assessment of Urban Land Readjustment affects landowners’ rights which include expenses burden, land burden, land distribution and compensation. In accordance with concepts of land value, different land uses will have different various factors which influence land value. However, do these factors are applied to the land value assessment in the implementation of Urban Land Readjustment? This paper intends to investigate the above question and to conduct an empirical analysis to study the current land value assessment of Urban Land Readjustment. The conclusions and suggestions are as follows:
First, the provision of law and the practice of land value assessment of Urban Land Readjustment don’t adopt the general concepts of land value. The content of laws is too rough. However, the practice of land appraisal is rougher than the provision of the law in particular to the point of different land uses.
Second, the factors which influence the land value in residential area are accessibility, width of nearby roads and land area. Land value assessment of Urban Land Readjustment does not consider the factor of land area. From the result of empirical analysis shows that land value assessment of Urban Land Readjustment does not include land area too.
Thus, this paper suggests that the provisions of law and the implementation of practice of land value assessment of Urban Land Readjustment should be more detail and define the factors according to different land uses. Besides, the laws and the practice of land value assessment should also consider the factor of land area and adjusted increasing rate of land value based on the scale of land area so that the rights of landowners won’t be damaged.
Keywords: Land Value Assessment of Urban Land Readjustment, Residential Area.
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