This study attempts to investigate the issues of aging population in the context of Singapore through metaphorical approach and the potential of tapping on the collaborative characteristics of a health service cloud computing system to meet the needs in elderly care, hence allowing active aging. The use of electronic health records (EHR) in various countries, particularly the meaningful use of EHR in USA is examined to understand its current features and usage. By employing conceptual mapping and blending of metaphorical study, the concepts in cloud computing are probed to gain better understanding on the characteristics of the technology. Similarly, with concepts drawn from an eco-system blended with concepts in a health service system, the characteristics of EHR and finally the characteristics of a health service cloud computing system are illustrated. With understanding in aging population, present usage of EHR and potential of cloud computing in Singapore, multi-methods research consisting of intensive interviews and archival document collations are employed. Triangulation amongst the datasets collated using open coding via ATLAS.ti resulted in 6 issues of concern in aging population pertaining to the Singapore context to arise, namely (i) primary care, (ii) familial support, (iii) awareness in health maintenance and transparency in information, (iv) improved efficiency and accuracy in healthcare with seamless transfer of care and (v) intermediate care and (vi) collaboration between stakeholders. Further analysis of the results draws up the possibilities for enhancing meaningful use of health service cloud computing system for active aging, which criteria are: (i) empowerment and ownership, (ii) sustainable homecare and (iii) seamless transfer of care. Finally, a conceptual mapping of health service cloud computing system and the criteria for effective aging give rise to a model framework that is set for active aging. / This study attempts to investigate the issues of aging population in the context of Singapore through metaphorical approach and the potential of tapping on the collaborative characteristics of a health service cloud computing system to meet the needs in elderly care, hence allowing active aging. The use of electronic health records (EHR) in various countries, particularly the meaningful use of EHR in USA is examined to understand its current features and usage. By employing conceptual mapping and blending of metaphorical study, the concepts in cloud computing are probed to gain better understanding on the characteristics of the technology. Similarly, with concepts drawn from an eco-system blended with concepts in a health service system, the characteristics of EHR and finally the characteristics of a health service cloud computing system are illustrated. With understanding in aging population, present usage of EHR and potential of cloud computing in Singapore, multi-methods research consisting of intensive interviews and archival document collations are employed. Triangulation amongst the datasets collated using open coding via ATLAS.ti resulted in 6 issues of concern in aging population pertaining to the Singapore context to arise, namely (i) primary care, (ii) familial support, (iii) awareness in health maintenance and transparency in information, (iv) improved efficiency and accuracy in healthcare with seamless transfer of care and (v) intermediate care and (vi) collaboration between stakeholders. Further analysis of the results draws up the possibilities for enhancing meaningful use of health service cloud computing system for active aging, which criteria are: (i) empowerment and ownership, (ii) sustainable homecare and (iii) seamless transfer of care. Finally, a conceptual mapping of health service cloud computing system and the criteria for effective aging give rise to a model framework that is set for active aging.

This study develops quality evaluation criteria that consider both service provider satisfaction and patient perspective in assessing e-Health services; additionally, it evaluates the impact of these criteria on the performance of e-Health services. Utilizing data from the Tele Care Center in National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH), one of the largest hospitals in Taiwan, this research framework extends the service-profit chain by integrating service triangle concept and emphasizing the relationships among three stakeholders: the firm, the customer, and the employee. The results suggest that the positive relationships among hospital’s business value, physicians’ value, and patients’ value can contribute to customer retention. In sum, this study expects to contribute to literature by providing an e-Health service performance assessment framework, which systematically develops a scale to evaluate e-Health service quality that concerns multiple stakeholders’ perspectives.

University of Macau / Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences

本論文以台灣1995年3月實施全民健康保險為分水嶺，1985-2010年的醫療環境為脈絡、同時間的《聯合報》為研究樣本，檢視醫生的實際勞動過程與勞動條件，相較新聞傳媒論述的落差。 因年代演進、健保前後的報紙再現確實不同，新聞與投書最大的迥異之處出現於財團化，醫病關係與醫療糾紛，醫療極限與去專業化，情緒勞動，因健保更為負面的醫德，及健保體制爭議等的分析類目上，呈現醫師的媒體形象隨時間遞嬗變動。無論是否包含個案，從報導數目來看，可以發現中期、後期醫病關係惡化，醫療糾紛增加，醫學知識去專業化與有限性；健保下的負面形象初實施便有、後期卻越形明顯，可謂與財團化同步。新聞數量、論述，與消費主義社會、醫療環境、政策之演變高度正相關。不過，媒體長期以來多忽略體制變革牽涉個體醫師的「勞動過程與勞動條件」問題，醫師團體凝聚的勞動意識則直至最近才逐漸被喚醒與展現在媒體上。 媒體在醫療議題中扮演的角色，確有出現變化，然，不是晚一步，就是極少報導。在歷時性或個案新聞中，台灣媒體對於醫師身體勞動、情緒勞動之變遷，商品化醫療服務與健康權利有所衝突，以及結構、資本主義之變因與影響，均再現與詮釋不甚全面。 / This thesis investigates how the United Daily News(UDN) represented the doctor’s labor process in Taiwan between 1985 and 2010, taking 1995 as the watershed when the National Health Insurance (NHI) was implemented, prior to and after which the working conditions of medical people have experienced substantial changes. As such, the UDN did register differences in its treatment of related events accordingly. The current study has focused upon issues related to conglomeration, doctor-patient relationship and medical malpractice, limits of medicine and deprofessionalization, emotional labor, negative medical ethics, as well as health care system debates etc.. Images and discourses of doctors in the media have changed across two period of time. It becomes clear that since 1995 the doctor-patient relationship has been getting worse, while medical negligence increased and deprofessionalization of medicine multiplied. In addition, with the introduction of NHI, there were more medical ethics violation and capitalists have made more gains with medicalconglomeration. Another factor contributing to the increase of medical news is the arrival of a consumerist society, and simultaneous changes of medical environment and policy. Although there is such a transformation of Taiwan’s health system, the media has however failed to represent adequately the doctor’s changing labor process and conditions. The UDN has not covered such topic until very recently in the wake of several protests arising out of worsening medical environment. In conclusion, Taiwan’s media has paid insufficient attentions to various significant issues, doctors’ physical labor and their emotional labor, commodified medical services and its conflicts with universal rights of health are among the most eye-catching.

如何使經濟得以成長，一直以來是經濟學家想解決的問題，從新古典學派之外生成長理論開始，至目前的內生成長理論，都是以這問題為核心所發展的理論。人力資本是內生成長理論所強調的重點，早期文獻皆認為教育投入有助於一國之經濟發展，而近年來有愈來越多的經濟學者發現人民之健康水準對經濟成長也扮演著一個重要的角色。此外在探討經濟成長的文獻中，大多數皆以國與國間所得差異為主要的分析，鮮少有文章探討單一國家內所得差異的原因，本文則探討單一國家內，不同縣市人均所得差異的問題，雖然研究的範圍縮小，但是在一國內的資料計算上必定相同，可使得資料的來源有準確性一致性。 本文採取追蹤資料進行分析，研究期間為1998年至2009年，研究範圍為台灣行政區改制之前之二十三個縣市。透過實證結果可以得知，實體資本對於1998年至2009年台灣經濟發展幫助性不大，在加入教育資本後，使得實體資本產出彈性下降，顯示教育比起實體資本更能解釋對經濟成長的影響。最後在考慮健康人力資本下之實證結果，可以得到整體迴歸解釋能力有顯著地上升，且實體資本產出彈性與教育資本產出彈性皆下降，說明了健康資本對於經濟成長的影響力已經比教育資本還來得重要。 綜合以上的論述，可以得知台灣在1998年至2009年所得成長的來源係因為健康人資本的關係，雖然不可否認實體資本與教育資本仍然對於台灣之經濟成長有一定程度的貢獻，不過健康資本似乎是目前驅使經濟成長最大的動力來源。

性別平等是指在公平的機會，責任和報銷提供給男性和女性的分佈。性別平等擁抱平等的待遇在教育，衛生和政治機會的男女，對於家庭，社區內獲得資源和服務，以及整個社會。 當婦女賦權，發展時，整個受益的社區和國家。在過去的十年中，性別平等已經成為在全球發展項目的執行中央的方面。無數的努力和策略，以滿足世界上最貧窮的婦女的需求已經實施。儘管國際組織的興趣和投資在肯定婦女的平等機會，還有幾個婦女不平等的惡果，尤其是在發展中國家。在洪都拉斯的婦女，特別是貧困和邊緣化的背景，暴露於無情的困難和更少的資源只為出生婦女。 本研究旨在分析在洪都拉斯性別平等在2009年政變後，外國援助的影響，側重於三個特定變量的教育，以小學和中學入學率，衛生檢測，以明確重點孕產婦死亡率和賦權外援的衝擊，由婦女在國家議會中所佔席位的比例測量。為了實現這一目標，特別是探究的方法主要是定性的基礎上，文獻分析和對國際的報告和數據的連續依賴。 關鍵詞：性別平等，洪都拉斯，教育，衛生，賦權，外援。 / Gender equality refers to justice in the distribution of opportunities, responsibilities, and reimbursements available to men and women. Gender equality embraces equal treatment of women and men in education, health and political opportunities, regarding access to resources and services within families, communities, and society at large. When women are empowered, development occurs, benefiting entire communities and nations. In the past decade, gender equality has become a central aspect in the execution of development projects around the globe. Countless efforts and strategies have been implemented in order to meet the needs of the world’s poorest women. Despite the international organizations ́ interest and investment in affirming women’s equal opportunities, there are still several women suffering from the consequences of inequality, especially in developing countries. In Honduras women, specifically from poor and marginalized backgrounds, are exposed to relentless hardship and fewer resources just for being born as women. This study seeks to analyze the impact foreign aid has on gender equality in Honduras after the coup d’etat in 2009, focusing on three specific variables education, measured by primary and secondary enrollment rates, health, with a clear focus on maternal mortality ratios and the impact of foreign aid on empowerment, measured by the proportion of seats held by women in the national parliament. To achieve this particular objective the method of inquiry is primarily qualitative, based on documental analysis and continuous reliance on international reports and data. Key words: Gender Equality, Honduras, education, health, empowerment, foreign aid.

面對多變的時代，如何邁向未來，正向心理學所提及的心理特質，可以幫助大學生達到身、心、靈的安適。本研究旨在探討大學生在邁向未來人生中，其「用心」、「心理資本」與「心理健康」之關係。其研究目的之一：瞭解「用心」與「心理資本」能否影響不同類型的「心理健康」狀態。其研究目的之二：探討「用心」、「心理資本」、「主觀幸福感」及「憂鬱」之關係。 本研究採用問卷調查法，以大專院校學生共1,540位為對象，採用「用心評估量表」、「心理資本量表」、「主觀幸福感量表」、「臺灣憂鬱症量表」及「社會期許量表」為工具。經描述統計分析、獨立樣本t 考驗、多變量變異數分析、區別分析、結構方程式模型，得出研究結果如下： 1.大學生在用心的得分上，以「新奇產生」因素得分最高；在心理資本的得分上，以「希望」因素得分最高；在心理健康狀態的人數分布上，「大眾型」共425人，占27.6%。 2.不同性別受試在「用心」與「心理資本」有顯著差異。男性大學生在「新奇產生」與「變通性」的得分顯著高於女性大學生。女性大學生在「復原力」與「樂觀」的得分顯著高於男性大學生。 3.不同年級受試在「心理資本」有顯著差異。大一學生在「希望」的得分顯著高於大四學生。 4.不同主修領域在「用心」有顯著差異。理工醫農學群的大學生在「新奇產生」上的得分顯著高於社會科學學群的大學生。 5.「擔任志工的時間越長」與「擔任社團領導者或班級幹部」的大學生在「用心」、「心理資本」及「心理健康」上的得分顯著高於「擔任志工的時間較短」與「未擔任社團領導者或班級幹部」的大學生。 6.「幽谷型」的學生在自我效能、希望、復原力、樂觀、自我反省、體驗情緒、包容自我、新奇追求、參與、及新奇產生的得分上，顯著低於「顛峰型」的學生。 7.心理資本與主觀幸福感扮演用心對憂鬱完全中介的角色。 本研究根據資料分析結果進行討論，並對高等教育與未來研究提出建議。 / Facing a changeful time how to head for the future, the related psychological characteristic of Positive Psychology can help college students to reach the comfort in their physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. The main purpose of this study was to investigate relationships among mindfulness, psychological capital, and mental health of college students. The first goal of this study was to understand whether mindfulness and psychological capital can effect the different types of college students’ mental health status or not. The second objective of this study was to explore the relationships among mindfulness, psychological capital, subjective well-being, and depression. This study adopts a survey, comprising “Mindfulness assessment scale”, “Psychological capital scale”, “Subjective well-being scale”, “Taiwan Depression scale”, and “Social desirability Scale” of five questionnaire scales. Participants were 1,540 colleges’ students in Taiwan. The collected data are analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, MANOVA, discriminant analysis, and structural equation modeling. And the findings are summarized as follows: 1.“Novelty producing” factor was the highest score on “mindfulness”; while “hope” factor gets the highest score on “psychological capital” ; and “popular type” has 425 persons, occupies 27.6% on “mental health status” distribution. 2.“Different genders” of the testing have significant differences on “mindfulness” and “psychological capital”. For male college students, their testing scores on “novelty producing” and “flexibility” categories are higher than female students’; on the other hand, female students’ scores were higher than females’ on “resilience”and “optimistic” categories. 3.“Different grades” of the testing have significant differences on “psychological capital”; however freshman students’ scores were higher than senior students’ on “hope” category. 4.“Different major fields” have significant differences on “mindfulness”; however students majoring in science, medical and agriculture fields were higher than other students’ on “novelty producing” category. 5.Students as volunteers, club or class leaders get higher scores on “mindfulness”, “psychological capital”, and “mental health “. 6.“Languishing type” students score much lower than “flourishing type” students on self-efficiency, hope, resilience optimism, soul searching, experience emotional, self tolerance, novelty seeking, engagement, novelty producing, and flexibility. 7.“Psychological capital” and “subjective well-being ” play full mediator role for “mindfulness “to “depression”. This research mainly focuses on the data analyses and discussion, and finally provides suggestions for higher education and future research.

This business plan has been developed to determinate the feasibility of establishing the company Icy mix in El Salvador as an option for ice dessert. This will be different from what is currently on the market, since it is a product in between shaved ice and ice cream, more known as the Taiwanese shaved snow ice; however, it´s considered to be under the shaved ice industry. Currently in El Salvador, this industry is not yet developed, since there are not many formal companies that sell this product and them don´t have much awareness in the market, the main familiar to consumers are the push-cart vendors on the streets, which are not easy to find, because they are constantly moving in the search for clients. This represents an opportunity for the company to enter the market with an organized plan, using as an advantage the weather in the country, which average is between 28 to 22 Celsius degrees in the internal plateau. The business will consist in a food shop located in a middle and upper class mall of the country, where consumers will buy the product to takeaway. After doing the research, we are confident that Icy mix will be a popular choice for consumers who are interested in having a healthy option of ice or frozen dessert, looking to cool off and enjoy a delicious treat.

abstract: 随着我国市场经济的高速发展和城乡居民消费水平的日益提高，我国老年市场有着极为广阔的发展空间，老年辅助用品行业是发展潜力巨大的朝阳产业。然而国内许多企业都面临着经营方向不明确、营销方案不清晰等问题，这些问题严重影响了老年产品及服务的发展，同时也延缓了我国老年产业的发展进程。因此，本文以老年辅助用品行业的客户满意度为研究对象，分析情感营销对老年客户满意度的影响，以及健康顾问对客户满意度的影响。 本研究主要包括以下内容。首先，在文献梳理和政策研究的基础上，系统阐述情感、情感营销、顾问式情感营销、老年辅助用品等相关概念、特点，以及系统回顾情感营销相关理论，同时详细分析了我国老年辅助用品市场的现状以及未来的发展方向，随后对国内外有关老年辅助用品的研究文献进行了总结归纳。其次，基于理论回顾的内容提出了本研究的四个具体假设，并构建了相应的分析模型。紧接着开发并检验了量表，对数据进行了描述性统计及相关性分析，采用了层次分析的方法对上述假设进行了分析和检验，并详细探讨了产品情感营销和服务情感营销具体维度对老年客户满意度的影响。最后，得出了相关结论，即产品情感营销和服务情感营销能够显著提高老年客户的满意度水平，健康顾问的专业素养和心理素质也能显著提高老年客户的满意度水平。此外，也进一步提出本研究的理论意义和实践意义，以及存在的不足和未来研究展望。 关键词: 情感营销；健康顾问；客户满意度；老年辅助用品 / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2020

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第22956号 / 経博第631号 / 新制||経||295(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 久本 憲夫, 教授 諸富 徹, 教授 岡 敏弘 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DFAM