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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
521

電視媒體轉型新媒體的創新抉擇 / The innovated determination for TV-Media’s transformation to New Media

李汝宣, Li, Corona Unknown Date (has links)
電視產業80年經歷多次創新,從硬體,載體加上視聽播送內容,以及非市場因素的政府介入,交互影養,我們看到內容與平台的創新演變與轉折。如今,資訊科技以新技術破壞式創新,融合多媒體匯流服務,”閱聽眾”收視習慣因而變成了”用戶”。兩方互跨領域與內容,紛紛以「新媒體」之姿跑馬圈地。 『世界是平的』作者,佛克林David Verklin提到,我們生活在一個競爭無止境的世界,代表創新抉擇亦將無止境。電視媒體過去從無線到有線以致數位,一直以持續性創新前進新戰場。如今,競爭對手不只是電視同業,資訊科技異業的攪局與破壞創新,定義出數位時代傳播服務的「新媒體」,將撼動電視媒體霸主地位。潮流所趨,電視媒體「轉型」已勢在必行,如何再次創新以加速就位,是一場嚴峻的挑戰。面對內部組織能力與外部新興科技的專業,都有創新的兩難。本文透過個案研究方式,應用古典與現代學派學者不同的創新論述,分析電視媒體轉型新媒體必備的創新元素與能力,彙整出創新抉擇的思考依循,提醒電視媒體企業經營者應有的創新習慣及演練,避免消失。 研究發現,電視媒體與資訊科技「新媒體」產業因”閱聽眾”與”用戶”概念,創新思維差異很大,以致採取不同價值主張。電視媒體認為資訊科技為輔助角色,直接平移新聞與節目即可。而由資訊科技業或電信網通業者所打造的「新媒體」,則定位在提供用戶最大「量」與「速度」的多媒體匯流服務,並轉載與其他平台一樣的資訊內容即可。事實上,兩者都已在同一個數位競技場,如果內容同質性過高,實難建立”閱聽眾”與”用戶”的忠誠度,更甭說獲利與否。結果顯示,新媒體服務必須滿足“閱聽眾”與“用戶”的概念,才能實踐創新,而創新的抉擇,必須回歸自身資源優勢與資訊科技業互補,共生共榮,才是「新媒體」正軌發展之道。 / TV-Media has been developed for more than 80 years with many transition。Not only technology、carrier but also regulation pushed TV Media heading to a new service。Apply those turnings to the theory of innovation,showed how TV media deal with unexpected future and their innovation phase。In this comprehensive with all kinds of possibility internet world,the new tech of media convergence emerged the「New Media」service,TV towards IT service,IT towards TV content service, which changed viewer’s behavior of seeing and hearing behavior, they became a user,that makes both side wants to be a Player。 As the book of 「The world is flat」writer “Thomas Friedman” says:”We are living in a never-ending competition world which means that takes innovation action is a way to survive”. Via Wireless、Satellite,then deliver the seeing & hearing content through cable to users,TV-media’s competitors are beyond the same trade,and more competitors will be the IT(information technology) business for it can converge all kinds of content and deliver it to TV/PC/Mobile,which defines itself as a「New Media」service。Transforming the way to see and hear with IT heavily involved,TV Media viewer has become a faithful user to the 「New Media」。Does it mean that 「New Media」might shake up TV-Media’s long lasting standing ? To a traditional TV-Media , tackling this innovation step is kind of a dilemma,for it’s current organization that seems not allow them to do so , and without IT-experts support hardly can make any step on what New Media needs。This research has applied Mr. Clayton Christensen’s point of innovation (Harvard Business Professor) to elaborate what were TV-Media’s innovation elements?how to empower those elements ? and some reminder has been figured out to help TV-Media to make the right innovation determination to avoid to be eliminated in media market 。 Accomplished this research , we discover that innovation orientation of TV-Media and IT-Based Media (New Media) are quite different.TV-Media took IT as a supplementary,thus,moving TV program as a New Media content. The IT-Base Media buy the same content to serve user as competitors do,focusing on quantity and speed。Actually both TV and IT , they are toward each other’s territory and battle in the same arena shows that content will be a critical issue。No matter viewer or user,they will not take the same service with repeat content。 Changing to a New Media era ,user behavior will different from sitting in sofa’s watching TV viewers , the content should be distinguished from long duration content。As a PC or mobile phone user , they dominate what content to watch。If the content attract thems or make it as a necessary information for themelves,they must to satisfy user with an innovation determination to consolidate both TV and IT Media’s advantage is necessary to take。 Because innovation will be the only way to breakthrough barrier,and a right way to turn TV-Media itself as a 「New Media」to a sustainable development。
522

國中校長策略領導、學校組織文化與學校創新經營效能關係之研究 / A study on relationships among principals' strategic leadership, organizational culture of school, and innovative management effectiveness in junior high schools

沈裕清 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討桃園縣、新竹縣、新竹市與苗栗縣國民中學校長策略領導、學校組織文化與學校創新經營效能之現況,並分別針對不同校長個人背景變項和學校環境變項在校長策略領導、學校組織文化與學校創新經營效能的差異加以探討;其次,分析三者之關係;最後則針對其預測力進行檢證。 本研究採問卷調查法,經分層比例抽樣選取桃園縣、新竹縣、新竹市與苗栗縣國民中學之學校主任、組長、導師與專任教師為調查分析的對象,抽樣調查42所學校共500位教育人員,回收樣本495 位。以自編「國民中學校長策略領導、學校組織文化與學校創新經營效能調查問卷」為工具進行調查,調查所得的資料則以社會科學統計套裝軟體(SPSS for window 17.0 中文版)進行統計,調查所得的資料分別進行描述與推論統計,包括:描述性統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、Scheffé事後分析、皮爾遜積差相關、多元逐步回歸分析等統計方法進行後續分析與討論後,獲致以下研究結論: 一、 桃園縣、新竹縣、新竹市及苗栗縣國民中學教師對策略領導、學校 組織文化及學校創新經營效能之運作現況的 知覺屬於程度良好, 其中以「策略思維」、「科層型文化」及「學生活動創新效能」層 面的表現最佳,而「轉化願景」、「創新型文化」及「校園環境創 新能」層面較差。 二、 桃園縣、新竹縣、新竹市及苗栗縣國民中學不同校長性別在校長策 略領導、學校組織文化與學校創新經營效能上具有顯著差異。 三、 不同校長年齡在校長學校組織文化具有顯著差異。而在校長策略領 導與學校創新經營效能上則無顯著差異。 四、 不同校長在校年資在校長策略領導整體及各層面具有顯著差異,而 學校組織文化與學校創新經營未具有顯著差異。 五、 不同校長總年資在校長策略領導、學校組織文化與學校創新經營效 能上具有顯著差異。 六、 不同學校所在地在校長策略領導、學校組織文化與學校創新經營效 能上具有顯著差異。 七、 不同學校歷史在校長策略領導、學校組織文化與學校創新經營效能 之「行政管理創新效能」、「校園環境創新效能」及「社會資源運用 創新效能」方面上具有顯著差異。 八、 不同學校規模在學校組織文化之「創新型文化」層面與學校創新經 營效能上具有顯著差異。而校長策略領導則無顯著差異。 九、 桃園縣、新竹縣、新竹市及苗栗縣國民中學校長策略領導、學校組 織文化與學校創新經營效能三者之間有密切的正相關。 十、 校長策略領導與學校組織文化對學校創新經營效能整體具有預測力 其中以「創新型文化」、「轉化願景」、「引領變革」與層面最具 預測力。 十一、校長策略領導與學校組織文化各層面對整體學校創新經營效能各 層面具有預測力。 最後,依據研究結果,提出具體建議,俾供教育行政機關、校長以及後續研 究者之參考。 關鍵詞: 校長策略領導、學校組織文化、學校創新經營效能 / This research aims to study the current situations of school principals’ strategic leadership, organizational cultrue of the schools, and the efficacy of the innovative management in the schools, especially in the junior high schools in Taoyuan County, Hsinchu County, Hsinchu City, and Maoli County. The school principals’ different personal backgroud and dissimilar environments of different schools are dissected while analyzing the relationship among the three. Moreover, the predictability of the three is examined respestively. The questionnaire investigation of this research adopts stratified random sampling method, and the subjects of the investigation are the school deans, section chiefs, homeroom teachers and subject teachers in the junior high schools in Taoyuan County, Hsinchu County, Hsinchu City, and Maoli County. Questionnaires are distributed to 500 educational personnel in 42 schools, and 495 of which are collected. The questionnaire used in the investigation is self-designed and the collected data and statistics are compiled by exercising SPSS for window 17.0. The acquired data are described, analyzed and discussed by using descriptive statistic, t-Test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffé Method, Pearson product-moment correlation, multiple regression analysis, and the findings are as the following. I. The junior high school teachers in Taoyuan County, Hsinchu County, Hsinchu City, and Maoli County are well aware of the situations of their school principals’ strategic leadership, organizational cultrue of the schools, and the efficacy of the innovative management in the schools, especially in the aspects of ‘Tactic Thinking’, ‘Bureaucratic Culture’, and ‘Efficacy of Innovative Student Activities.’ Yet, the teachers don’t realize much about the aspects of ‘Prospect of Transformation’, ‘Innovative Culture’ and ‘Efficacy of Innovative School Environment.’ II. The gender difference of the school principals leads to obvious differences in school principals’ strategic leadership, organizational cultrue of the schools, and the efficacy of the innovative management in the schools in Taoyuan County, Hsinchu County, Hsinchu City, and Maoli County. III. The age difference of the school principals leads to obvious differences in the organizational cultrue of the schools. Rather, it makes no evidence differences in the school principals’ strategic leadership and the efficacy of the innovative management in the schools. IV. The difference in the years of working experence in the schools of the school principals leads to obvious differences in school principals’ strategic leadership. Rather, it makes no evidence differences in the organizational cultrue of the schools, and the efficacy of the innovative management in the schools. V. The difference in the total years of working experience of the school principals leads to obvious differences in school principals’ strategic leadership, organizational cultrue of the schools, and the efficacy of the innovative management in the schools. VI. The difference in the location of the schools leads to obvious differences in school principals’ strategic leadership, organizational cultrue of the schools, and the efficacy of the innovative management in the schools. VII. The difference in the history of the schools leads to obvious differences in school principals’ strategic leadership, organizational cultrue of the schools, and ‘Efficacy of Administrative Management’, ‘Efficacy of Innovative School Environment’ and ‘Efficacy of Application of Innovative Social Resources’ of the efficacy of the innovative management in the schools. VIII. The difference in the scale of the school leads to obvious differences in the efficacy of the innovative management in the schools, and ‘Innovative Culture’ in organizational cultrue of the schools. Rather, it makes no evidence difference in the school principals’ strategic leadership IX. There is a highly positive correlation among school principals’ strategic leadership, organizational cultrue of the schools, and the efficacy of the innovative management in the schools in Taoyuan County, Hsinchu County, Hsinchu City, and Maoli County. X. School principals’ strategic leadership, and organizational cultrue of the schools have predictability in the overall efficacy of the innovative management in the schools, especially in the aspects of ‘Innovative Culture’, ‘Prospect of Transformation’, and ‘Leading Reformation.’ XI. School principals’ strategic leadership, and organizational culture of the schools have predictability in different perspectives of the efficacy of the innovative management in the schools. At last, accoring to the results of the research, I’ve made some suggestions, hoping to provide reference materials for educational administrative organizations, school principals and other researchers in this field.
523

企業開發創新性產品之研究—以宏碁迷你筆電Aspire One 系列為例

盧麗玉 Unknown Date (has links)
在新興市場逐漸蓬勃發展及2008年金融海嘯發生後,低價電腦商品需求開始大增,低價迷你筆電由台灣電腦廠商華碩率先開發出來,但競爭對手宏碁在半年後推出同類型產品,出貨量及產品銷售成績屢創佳績,超越市場先進者華碩,讓人不禁思考,何以華碩表現卻不如後進者宏碁?創新產品若要為企業帶量龐大利潤,除了創新這項元素外,還有哪些因素值得讓企業學習仿效? 研究問題包括,一、企業在發展創新性產品時,對「先行競爭者產品」的知識為何?二、企業在推出創新性產品前,對「整體市場」的知識為何?三、企業的組織策略在創新性產品開發流程中所扮演的角色為何?四、企業在發展創新性產品的過程中,其合作伙伴的角色為何? 本研究從過往眾多文獻中,整理出市場面、組織面及產品面等三大重要構面,做為研究架構,並以宏碁迷你筆電Aspire One系列為例,從產品開發流程中,尋找產品開發成功的重要因素。本研究藉由關鍵人物訪談及次級資料蒐集取得資訊,建構起研究的主體。 本研究所得到的結論包括,一、企業在開發創新性產品時,若能注重市場導向及消費者需求,可提高創新性產品開發之成功機率;二、企業在開發創新性產品時,上市速度是影響產品銷售成功的關鍵;三、企業售後服務可提升顧客忠誠度,有助創新產品的銷售;四、高階主管的支持是推動創新性產品上市重要的動力;五、企業成立跨部門組織專責處理創新性產品開發事宜,有助溝通與縮短產品推出時程;六、豐富的行銷、通路及技術等組織資源,有助創新產品開發的成功;七、企業產品出貨量到達經濟規模,有助創新性產品開發時,提高對外談判籌碼多及成本優勢;八、產品競爭力及消費者需求並存時,將會提高創新性產品的成功機率;九、企業與供應商關係良好,有助維持新產品品質及上市時程。
524

金融整合後壽險公司組織轉型之研究 / After financial conformity, the life insurance company organizes research of the reforming

林奕明 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來在金融整合的趨勢下,國內外金融業透過購併整合成為大型的金控集團,使得金融產業結構大為改變。在整合的架構下發展出新的金融商品及市場。由於金控公司將銀行與證券商、保險業結盟合併,金控子公司可以進行交叉銷售(cross selling),使金融商品多元化,提供給客戶包含保險、股票、信用卡、基金、債券等金融商品,這些多元化的金融商品與服務,金控公司亦可藉著交叉銷售擴大市場占有率及降低經營成本,進而強化整體獲利。 本研究以國泰金控和富邦金控的壽險子公司轉型為研究案例,進行個案分析探討,以了解個案公司組織轉型的原因、組織調整方式及轉型後的成效。本研究利用近十年的統計資料進行分析,研究產業的變化及觀察個案公司的市佔率及業務狀況。研究結果發現:1.壽險公司轉型成為提供多元服務的金融控股公司2.壽險業業務人員轉型成為全方位理財服務人員3.金融業相互整合,行銷通路多元化4.科技及產業變化創造出新通路新市場5.企業成長往多角化發展並兼顧核心競爭能力
525

鄰近性、吸收能力與廠商創新績效之研究 / Proximity, absorptive capacity, and innovation performance of firms

陳泓汝 Unknown Date (has links)
知識經濟的時代,創新已成為廠商競爭優勢的主要來源。知識的創造、傳遞、轉化和應用,促成廠商創新活動的產生。同時,連結地域空間與廠商創新績效的研究,已成為近代區域經濟與產業發展的重要議題。又,研究者逐漸意識到廠商個體的異質性,進而探求個別廠商的內部能力,吸收能力即成為研究焦點之一。 基此,本研究以全台灣生物技術產業為研究對象,透過廠商問卷之發放,運用因素分析與結構方程模型為分析工具,探討鄰近性-地理鄰近性和組織鄰近性的內涵,以及吸收能力如何扮演外部知識與廠商內部能力的介面,並結合外部知識、內部吸收能力與創新績效之影響路徑。 所得結果如下: 1.從外部知識層面,地理鄰近性扮演重要角色。對於組織鄰近性、創新績效有正面影響效果。其中,組織鄰近性隱含了組織網絡與社會網絡的成分; 2.觀察外部知識與內部能力的連結,外部知識獲取對於吸收能力有正面影響效果; 3.吸收能力對於創新績效亦有正向影響關係; 4.然而,考量到外部知識因素時,吸收能力對於創新績效的效果轉為正向卻不顯著,外部知識直接影響創新績效。 關鍵字:地理鄰近性、組織鄰近性、產業網絡、吸收能力、創新績效 / In the knowledge-based economy, innovation has become a key source of firms’ competitive advantage.The process of knowledge creation, transmission, transformation and application promotes the innovative activities. Meanwhile, the link geographical proximity and innovation performance of firms has become a modern issue of regional economic and industrial study. Also, the researchers gradually realized that the heterogeneity of individual firms, and then pay more ateentionon the internal capabilities of individual firms, thence the absorptive capacity seems to be a decisive element. Our research regards bio-technology industry as the subject promptly.Through sending questionnaires and using factor analysis and structural equation modeling as analysis tool, we observe “proximity” – the nature of geographical proximity and organizational proximity, and how can absorptvie capacity play the interface role between external knowledge and internal capacity, and further connect the external knowledge with internal absorptive capacity and innovation performance. The major results of study were found: 1. In the respect of external knowledge, geography proximity plays a crucial role in affecting organizational proximity and innovation performance. 2. External knowledge has a positive influence on absorptive capacity. 3. On the other hand, absorptive capacity affects the innovation permance of firms. 4. However, concerning the external knowledge, absorptive capacity results to positive but not significant on innovation performance.It implies that external knowledge directly impacts on innovation performance. Keyword:Geographical proximity, Organizational proximity, Industerial network, Absorptive capacity, Innovation performance
526

引導式關鍵字行銷-影響消費者搜尋意願因素之研究 / Orienting-marketing-a study of effects of consumers' search intention

張逸婷, Chang, Yi Ting Unknown Date (has links)
關鍵字廣告現已成為搜尋引擎最大的收入來源,全球付費搜尋廣告的年增率被預測有37%,並將在2010將達到330億美金的市場。現今,關鍵字廣告已發展成跨媒體的形式。大眾媒體除了以傳統的形式傳達廣告訊息以外,同時誘使消費者進一步上搜尋引擎搜尋商品資訊。並藉由此形式而發展出新型態的「引導式關鍵字行銷」。因此,本研究採用多元性研究方法(Pluralistic Research Methodologies)以探討此種新型態廣告的效果及如何提升消費者的搜尋意願? 本研究結合質化及量化研究。第一階段透過質化研究的焦點團體訪談法(FGD,Focus Group Discussion)蒐集消費者對整合性關鍵字行銷的意見,以釐清本研究之問題核心,並與業界人士進行深入訪談以了解實務運作模式及成功關鍵。第二階段則採實驗法進行研究,將「關鍵字類型」(分為兩層次:品牌名稱相關、產品屬性相關)以及「產品類型」(分為三層次:低度創新產品、中度創新產品、高度創新產品)設為自變項,並將廣告溝通效果作為應變項,分別為「廣告記憶」與「搜尋意願」。除此之外,並將可能干擾實驗結果的兩項因素視為個人差異變項加以分析,分別為「產品涉入度」與「先前產品知識」。 研究結果顯示,消費者產品涉入度及先前產品知識對搜尋意願有顯著的正向影響。同時,消費者在對產品有需求時會有較高的搜尋意願。而關鍵字類型及產品創新性對消費者的搜尋意願並沒有造成顯著影響。 / Keyword advertising has become the largest source of revenue for search engines. Now, keyword advertising has developing into a new cross-media style. Mass media not only release advertising messages but also orient consumers to search more details of merchandise online. As the result, the study use Pluralistic Research Methodologies to investigate how to Increase consumers’ search intention. The first stage we use Focus Group Discussion to clarify the research questions. And do Depth interview with Industry to understand the Practical operation and the Success Factors. In the second stage, the study proceeded in experiment method. Two factors “Keyword Type” and “Product Type” are used to compose a 2X3 factorial design experiment, and then bring “Product involvement” and “Prior Product Knowledge” in as the Moderator. Furthermore, the study adopted “Memory in Advertising Message” and “Search Intention” as the depend variables. Result shows that, product involvement and prior product knowledge have a significant positive effect to the search intention. In addition, results of keyword type and product type are not remarkable overall. Keywords: Orienting-
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情境因素、消費者購買涉入與創新接受態度影響網路競標意願之研究 / The Effects of Situational Factors, Consumer Purchasing Involvement, and Innovativeness on Online Bidding Intention

蔣宗男, Chiang, Tsung-Nan Unknown Date (has links)
由於網際網路的興起,網路使用人口便快速地攀升,同時帶動網際網路在商業應用的發展,以網際網路為基礎的電子商務也成為資訊社會中一種嶄新形態的商業行為。在此環境中網路競標逐漸形成一種網路消費的模式,而本研究則試圖以消費者的角度來探討網路競標此一交易的行為。 本研究從國內外的網路競標現況以及相關研究理論進行文獻的探討,經過整理後,決定以情境因素、消費者購買涉入、接受創新態度、與人口統計變數來探討消費者的網路競標意願是如何受到這些變數的影響。 本研究的主要結果發現: 1.在溝通情境下,以「產品提供的豐富性」、「產品搜尋的效率性」、和「產品資訊的豐富性」對消費者的網路競標意願最具有影響力。 2.在購買情境下,以「目標商品價格低於個人預算」與「目標商品結標期限將至」最能影響消費者的網路競標意願。 3.購買涉入程度愈高的消費者,其參與網路競標的意願也愈高。 4.創新接受態度愈高的消費者,其參與網路競標的意願也愈高。 5.曾經參加過網路競標以及每日上網時數較多的消費者,也有較高的網路競標意願。 最後根據研究結果,本研究對於競標網站的經營業者提出以下的6點建議與策略: 1.針對女性消費者的需求,提供所需商品或設計專屬網站。 2.多元的交易付款方式。 3.強化網站的使用功能與知名度。 4.熱門商品宜縮短其競標期限。 5.針對高購買涉入消費者的行銷策略。 6.吸引低創新接受態度消費者的行銷策略。 / The appearance of Internet has contributed to rapid growth of both surfer population and business applications. As a result, the Internet-based E-commerce has become a new business practices in the information society. Under the impact, the new consumption trend of online bidding is growing rapidly. This thesis takes a look into the new online transaction-online bidding in terms of the perspective of consumer behavior. This thesis compiles documents such as current foreign and domestic online bidding status, relevant researches, and related theories, to construct the operating framework on it, which is to study the impact of situational factors, consumer purchasing involvement, innovativeness, and demographic variation on online bidding intention. The following points are the major discoveries of this thesis: 1.Among all the factors of communication situation, "product variety," "efficiency in product searching," and "accessibility to product information" are the most influential factors on consumers' online bidding intention. 2.Among all the factors of purchase situation, consumers are most interested in online bidding when "prices of desired products are lower than personal budget" and "deadlines for bidding are approaching." 3.Consumers with higher purchasing involvement have higher online bidding intention than those who with lower purchasing involvement. 4.Consumers inclined to adopt innovations are more willingly to participate in online bidding. 5.Consumers who have experiences of online bidding and those who spend more time surfing on the Internet have higher intention on online bidding. Based on the findings, this thesis proposes several reference suggestions and approaches for online bidding websites.  1.To provide products women need or establish websites designed exclusively for women. 2.To accept various ways of payment. 3.To strengthen functions and publicity of websites. 4.To shorten the bidding term of popular products. 5.The marketing strategy to attract consumers with high purchasing involvement. 6.The marketing strategy of appealing to consumers with low innovativeness.
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國家創新體系下制度與組織互動之研究:以工業技術研究院為例

張銘晃, Chang, Ming-Huang Unknown Date (has links)
從熊彼得(1934)提出創新學說以來,創新理論業已有了相當大的進展。當代學者認為創新是藉由互動中所產生。創新不僅不再是閉門造車,組織與外在環境的關係也引起學者的興趣。國家創新系統取向即是此一當代創新學說的代表。然在審視國家創新系統取向的文獻後,可知雖然國家創新系統取向的研究將組織與組織間的互動及組織及制度間的互動視為研究的焦點,但眾家學者間對於何謂制度並無共識。制度有時是組織,有時是遊戲規則,有時兩者皆是。這也造成了學者間對話與研究上的困擾。事實上,制度與組織兩者在創新的過程中扮演著不同的角色。制度有時提供了組織在創新過程中的誘因,有時則阻滯了創新的發生。組織則扮演實際從事創新的執行者角色。在文獻上,這一方面的討論尚不多見,更僅止於推論之層次。因此,本研究乃意欲透過實際個案的觀察以形成更進一步的認識。本研究的目的為瞭解在創新的過程中,制度環境、組織、組織結構與文化間如何互動。本研究為一探索性的個案研究,並以工業技術研究院為本研究之個案組織。 研究發現在制度環境上,政治系統的各項制度相較於其他類型的制度對公共研發機構的運作提供了更多利於創新的功能。包含了「將資源導向創新活動」、「提供正(負)面誘因」及「管理衝突與合作」等功能之提供,其中以「將資源導向創新活動」之功能最顯著。而在創新的阻礙上,政治系統主要是經由經費的刪減及各項管制制度,文化系統則是透過認知制度阻礙了創新的腳步。而公共研發機構對制度環境的回應上有兩種方式,一是直接與制度環境對話,主要為「管理衝突與合作」、積極爭取「創新的資源」及尋求化解各種「創新的阻礙」。而「管理衝突與合作」及積極爭取「創新的資源」所形成各項制度可視為降低或消除各種「創新的阻礙」的作為;一是經由組織結構的設計及組織文化的形塑以滿足制度環境的要求。在制度的設計上,經由認知制度、管制制度、制定制度及聯合制度提供「提供資訊與降低不確定性」、「管理衝突與合作」、「提供正(負)面誘因」及「將資源導向創新活動」等功能,以促成組織創新的產出。雖然組織試圖經由組織結構的設計及組織文化的形塑以促成創新的產出或增加創新的產出,但執行創新活動的關鍵仍在於「人」。在本研究中,根據分析,工研院的員工較缺乏互動,且對於各項制度的認知往往會有不同的解讀。因此本研究認為個人層次中的文化系統的認知及行為制度是決定組織所形成的各項制度能否發揮作用的關鍵。
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國中小教師教學熱情及其相關因素之研究

詹婉鈺 Unknown Date (has links)
「熱情」是心理學研究上新興的研究主題,包括熱情的概念、熱情的前置因素以及影響後果等研究。本研究的主要目的在探討國中小教師的教學熱情現況,與可能影響教學熱情的人口變項,包括教師的性別、年齡、任教年資、擔任職務、及最高學歷、畢業科系與教學熱情的關係。同時也探討教學熱情的影響後果,包括教學省思行為、教學內在動機、學習者中心教學信念、深度對談、專業合作及自我導向學習、創新教學行為、創新擴散與教學熱情的關係。本研究採問卷調查方式,以北、中、南區公私立國民中小學418位國中教師和160位國小教師為研究對象,使用的研究工具包括教學活動熱情量表、輔導活動熱情量表、教學省思行為量表、教學內在動機量表、學習者中心教學信念量表、專業合作與自我導向學習量表、深度對談量表、教學創新行為量表、創新擴散量表。 研究結果發現︰ 一、關於國中小教師的教學熱情和教學各變項之現況 1.國中小教師的教學熱情程度中等偏高,其中教學活動和諧性熱情顯著高於其他三種教學熱情,輔導活動和諧性熱情顯著高於強迫性熱情,而教學活動強迫性熱情僅顯著高於輔導活動強迫性熱情。國小教師除了在輔導活動強迫性熱情上顯著低於國中教師外,其他三種教學熱情均顯著高於國中教師。 2.國中小教師在教學各變項上大致為正向反應,其中教師的教學內在動機顯著高於其他教學變項,學習者中心教學信念僅顯著低於教學內在動機,而教學省思行為則顯著低於教學內在動機和學習者中心教學信念,創新教學行為和專業合作與自我導向學習顯著高於創新擴散和深度對談,而深度對談則顯著低於其他教學變項。此外,國小教師除了在專業合作與自我導向學習未顯著高於國中教師外,在其他教學變項上均顯著高於國中教師。 二、關於人口變項在教學熱情上的差異情形 1.不同任教年資、最高學歷以及男女國中小教師,在教學熱情上並無顯著差異。 2.不同年齡、擔任職務、畢業科系、任教科目和輔導經歷的國中小教師,在四種教學熱情上均有顯著差異。 三、關於教學熱情與教學各變項之關係 1.分別或整體探討國中小教師的教學熱情與教學各變項之關係,教學熱情越高,其教學省思行為、教學內在動機、以及學習者中心教學信念、深度對談、專業合作自我導向學習、創新教學行為和創新擴散則越高。 2.從預測角度來看,在多元迴歸模式中以教學活動和諧性和強迫性熱情對國中小教師的教學內在動機、創新教學行為最有正向預測力;以教學活動和諧性熱情對教學省思行為、學習者中心教學信念、深度對談最具正向的預測力;以輔導活動和諧性和強迫性熱情對專業合作及自我導向學習具有最佳的正向預測力;而以輔導活動強迫性熱情對創新擴散具有最佳的正向預測力。 四、關於人口變項、教學熱情與教學各變項之關係 1.無論在教學活動或輔導活動方面,有越多和諧性熱情的國中小教師,會有較多的教學省思行為、教學內在動機、學習者中心教學信念出現。 2.無論在教學活動或輔導活動方面,有越多強迫性熱情的教師,會有較多的創新教學行為、創新擴散出現,也會傾向專業合作及自我導向學習。 3.國中教師、21-30歲教師、以及輔導室教師較傾向專業合作及自我導向學習和深度對談。 4.最高學歷為研究所、畢業科系為大學教育科系、師範教育科系、師範非教育相關科系的教師,較傾向專業合作及自我導向學習。  最後,本研究根據研究結果對實務與未來研究提出建議。
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未分配盈餘加徵百分之十營利事業所得稅對企業創新活動影響之實證研究 / The Impact of Additional 10% Surtax on Undistributed Surplus Earnings on Enterprises' Innovation

李秀玉 Unknown Date (has links)
我國所得稅法自民國八十七年一月一日開始實施兩稅合一制度。這原本是政府一項消除重複課稅的美意,但是仍受到多方批評。其爭議點就在於「未分配盈餘加徵百分之十營利事業所得稅」這項配套措施的實施。許多專家學者認為,對企業的未分配盈餘課稅,不利於企業內部資金的累積,進而影響其創新活動的投入與產出。而財政部卻持有不同的看法。 基於上述爭議,本研究以迴歸模式探討「未分盈餘加徵百分之十營利事業所得稅」制度的實施,對企業創新活動的影響。經實證結果發現: 1.對企業未分配盈餘加徵10%營利事業所得稅,確實會影響企業資本形成,降低其創新活動。因此,為求稅制良善,促進國家經濟發展,政府對於稅制之設計應謹慎為之。 2.以高科技產業和傳統產業比較,高科技產業由於兩稅合一未分配盈餘加徵10%營利事業所得稅制度的實施,其創新活動較制度實施前縮減,且縮減程度明顯大於傳統產業。此結果顯示,高科技產業顯然可謂新稅制下的最大受害者。因此,對高科技產業之未分配盈餘加以課稅,無疑是形成其創新活動的絆腳石、增加其營運上的風險。政府對此情況,應予正視。 3.以融資受限公司和融資未受限公司比較,兩稅合一之未分配盈餘加徵10%營利事業所得稅制度對融資受限公司之影響不大。經分析樣本特性,發現融資受限公司的獲利能力較差,因此租稅課徵對於其所造成的影響較低。因此可推論,獲利能力差之融資受限公司的創新活動受到非租稅因素的影響比租稅因素來得大。 關鍵字:未分配盈餘加徵百分之十營利事業所得稅,兩稅合一,創新活動 / In response to the public concern, Taiwan has adopted the imputation tax credit system since January 1st, 1998. Although the new tax reform can eliminate double taxation, the implementation of additional 10% surtax on undistributed surplus earnings has engendered lots of comments. Based on the disputations resulted from the new tax system, we conduct an empirical research analyzing the impacts of the implementation of additional 10% surtax on undistributed surplus earnings on the enterprises’ innovation. The empirical results in this research can be summarized as follows: 1. Imposing 10% surtax on corporate undistributed surplus earnings has adverse effect on capital accumulation, in turn leading to reduction in incentive of enterprises to conduct innovative activities. 2. Compared to the traditional industry, adverse effect of this new system is more profound for firms in the high-tech industry. The results indicate that high-tech industry is the major victim under the new tax reform. Therefore, imposing additional 10% surtax on high-tech industry will be an obstacle to enterprises’ growth and increase its operating risks. 3. Compared to unconstrained firms, we find out that the new tax system have less effects on constrained firms. Owing to considering the poor profitability, we can infer that non-tax factors have greater influence on the innovation of constrained firms relative to tax factors. Key words: additional 10% surtax on undistributed surplus earnings, the imputation tax credit system, innovation

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