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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

新住民子女幼教教師教學經驗分析之個案研究

謝妃涵 Unknown Date (has links)
台灣新興的跨國婚姻熱潮使得由台灣男性與東南亞籍女性組成的新住民家庭漸多,新住民子女現今多就讀幼稚園與國小低年級,新住民子女教育的研究多為小學階段其學業成就等能力,研究取樣差異使結果大相逕庭,對新住民子女幼教老師本身的研究缺乏,故研究者將研究重點放在新住民子女幼教老師。本研究採質性研究法,探討兩位背景相當的幼教老師教學。目的在瞭解多元文化教學觀點有哪些、持不同教學觀點老師之教學困境、解決策略有何不同,並深入探討其觀點與困境、策略之間的關係。資料蒐集採深度訪談法,用三階段編碼分析資料,研究對象是從9位教師的訪談中分析出最符合同化觀點的小慧老師與涵化觀點的小芳老師。 研究結果如下:(1)透過文獻探討歸納出多元文化教育場域中有兩類教學觀點,一為同化觀點,一為涵化觀點,兩者分別對低社經地位與少數族群學生學習成就低落原因的解釋、文化有無優劣、文化融合有不同的主張。(2)兩位老師皆面臨的教學困境有語言、家庭、課程方面,小芳老師尚有幼兒方面的困境。新住民幼兒說話腔調使教師聽不懂,小慧老師致力矯正其口音與腔調、小芳老師則是課後請教家長;此乃因小慧老師持有同化教育中官方語言教育的觀點。(3)新住民子女的學習與行為較依賴老師,小慧老師認為新住民子女的學習較差乃因其本身文化不利、新住民沒有教育下一代的能力,所以請父親輔導其課後學習,而母親監督就好,不需參與輔導;小芳老師則肯定新住民的教育能力、並認為新住民子女行為問題是家庭文化與學校文化之間落差使然,故充分與家長溝通,調整母親工作時間使其有時間教育孩子。(4)小慧老師認為新住民文化是低落的,且不需要傳承、新住民沒有能力傳承其文化,故在課程中沒有東南亞文化教材,而在教授台灣文化教材時發生幼兒經驗不足無法團討的困難;小芳老師認為新住民有教育能力、並認為雙重文化是優勢,於是請新住民子女分享其回東南亞的經驗、設計相關文化主題活動。(5)小芳老師班級中的新住民子女感到自卑時,她會鼓勵其尊重母親原生文化以增加幼兒自信。最後建議教師應培養反思能力、建立多元文化教育觀點量表。 / The new immigrant families have increased with the surge of cross-cultural marriages between Taiwanese and Southeast Asian spouses, most of whose children study in kindergartens and elementary lower grades. Sampling may result in significantly distinct analyses on learning capabilities of those elementary children, and researches on their preschool teachers are relatively absent; therefore, the study focuses on preschool teachers and applies the qualitative research to 2 teachers of similar backgrounds in order to explore which perspectives in multicultural education field, explore the variations on teaching difficulties and resolving strategies of teachers with dissimilar education perspectives and to discover the relationship between both. The study includes in-depth interview for data collection and three-stage coding for data analysis, and selects Teacher Hue and Teacher Feng respectively matching assimilation and acculturation perspectives out of 9 interviewees as research targets. The study reveals the following findings: (1) assimilation and acculturation perspectives in multicultural education fields through documentation induction, stand different on reason explanations for lower social and economic positions and learning achievements of the minority students, cultural superior or inferior quality, and cultural integration, (2) two teachers have teaching difficulties in terms of language, family, and course, as well as kid issues only for Feng, and when getting confused of kid’s expressions, Hue with official language prospective in assimilation education is devoted to correcting assent and pronunciation while Feng consulting parents after school, (3) those students used to rely on teachers on learning and behavior, and Hue contributes inferior learning capability to disadvantaged culture background and education ability of new immigrants and suggests home learning assistance of father and supervision of mother instead of after school programs while Feng considers cultural gap between family and school resulting in their behavior issues and emphasizes communications with parents to enhance mother’s education, (4) education difficulties on their involving in discussion in grass-root course happen to Hue who believes no necessity for heritage of inferior Southeast Asian culture and absence of heritage potential of new immigrants, and thus ignores Southeast Asian culture in teaching materials while those children are welcome to share their alien experiences and design relevant cultural activities by Feng who accepts education capability of new immigrants and ensures advantages of dual culture, and (5) Feng encourages those children feeling inferior to respect mothers’ culture, enhancing their confidence. The study eventually suggests that teachers shall cultivate retrospective potentials and establish multicultural education perspective inventories.
12

馬華穆斯林的文化變遷與社會適應

鄭月裡 Unknown Date (has links)
馬來西亞位於東南亞南部,由西馬和東馬兩部份組成,共有十三個州和三個直轄區(布特拉再也、吉隆坡、納閩特區)組成。屬熱帶地區,雨量豐沛,宜植物生長,全國森林占總面積的75%,有「綠色王國」之美稱。面積近33. 67萬平方公里,人口26,664,000人(2006年) 馬來西亞華人總人口數為6,215,400人,佔馬來西亞總人口數23.31%,馬來人佔68.52%(包含其他土著),印度人佔6.97%,其他佔1.2%。華人信仰伊斯蘭教,佔華人總人口數不及1%,佔馬來西亞總人口數的也只有 0.25%,人數很少,儘管如此,它還是一個值得注意的族群。 馬來西亞官方語言為馬來語,馬來語、英語是通用語言。宗教以伊斯蘭教為國教。十六世紀初,馬來西亞先後被葡萄牙、荷蘭、英國統治,二次大戰期間淪為日本屬地。1957年馬來西亞宣告獨立,1963年馬來西亞建國成功,因為馬來人對華人始終心懷疑懼,把華人占多數的新加坡,於1965年逐出馬來西亞。如此,馬來族便成為馬來西亞境內的最大民族,其次為華族、印度族。不同的民族,有不同的文化與宗教。其宗教信仰方面有伊斯蘭教、佛教、印度教、以及民間信仰。在多元民族、多元文化、多元宗教的馬來西亞,不僅內部存在著民族問題,也存在著嚴重的宗教問題。 由於馬來人文化和華人文化有許多不同,甚至相對立的地方。在華人的觀念裡,誤以為伊斯蘭教等於馬來教,穆斯林等於馬來人,伊斯蘭教文化等於馬來文化。對皈依伊斯蘭教的華人,華人也有所謂「進番」的說詞,意即成為「馬來人」或「番仔」。華人皈依伊斯蘭教必須捨棄過去的宗教信仰,改變原有的生活習慣。但是皈依後的華人穆斯林,有些已經符合馬來西亞《憲法》第160條的「馬來人」的規定,甚至馬來化,但是他們仍被馬來西亞政府歸屬為「華族」。 自視甚高的華人,極為擔心會被他們輕視的馬來人所同化,並不喜歡華人信仰伊斯蘭教,甚至對皈依的華人穆斯林加以排斥。但是,皈依後的華人也必須面對許多的困難,首先在文化上和生活上立即遭遇雙重的壓力,而且還要面對社會適應的問題,以及來自國家政策的壓力。他們處在這樣的環境下,文化勢必有融合有衝撞。筆者從2001年到2008年,共七次到馬來西亞田野調查,將所蒐集的專書論著、報章、宗教機構出版品,以及對101位受訪者作深度訪談的一手資料,針對馬華穆斯林的問題,從皈依的原因,皈依後的文化變遷、社會適應的情形,以瞭解馬華穆斯林所處的,所謂五大「文明」,究竟是「文明」抑或「文化」的問題?以及是「衝撞」、「矛盾」、「融合」,或者……的問題?
13

論公共廣電集團制度之建構-以平等使用媒體為核心 / The Construction of Public Broadcasting System-Equal Access to the Media

周宇修, Chou, Yu-Shiou Unknown Date (has links)
人民有言論、著作、出版、講學自由之權利,係由我國憲法第十一條所明文保障。而依照相關大法官解釋與學說,言論自由之意涵尚可包含廣電自由、通訊傳播自由與新聞自由。由以上的討論可以知道,我國大法官於第十一條言論自由的內涵中,試圖加入給予廣電媒體更多保障的特別性質基本權。本研究在綜合歷來大法官解釋與學者之見解,認為可將其對於廣電媒體的期待整理為一個上位的媒體自由之概念,而使廣電媒體有其獨立發展的空間。但所謂的媒體自由,並不能影響人民基本言論自由、傳播權及公民權之行使。 面對日趨複雜的廣電媒體問題,近年來解除管制已經成為一種世界性的潮流,其主要原因就在於對於言論自由的尊重,以及將其視為一個市場:政府的管制除了可能不當限制言論自由之外,更容易破壞市場的秩序。但學者指出,廣電市場與一般經濟學所認知的市場有性質上的不同,且若任由廣電媒體發展,將使得部份的人民無法享有合理的傳播權利。 為了解決此一爭議,學者有認為政府有憲法上管制廣電媒體的正當性。而如前所述,媒體自由並不能夠影響言論自由與公民權的行使,因此政府有義務落實上述的人民權利。至於落實的方法,便是對商業媒體進行更加嚴格的管制,而有效的保障少數人民。 惟上述市場論、管制論等方式皆有缺陷存在,本研究認為,較好的方式,應是以折衷的方法建立雙元的廣電體系,使商業電台與公廣集團各自擁有相當的組織,並且採取「不對稱的管制方式」。但要成立一個如此龐大的公廣集團,在應然性與憲法上都有必須解決的問題。於應然性上,在數位匯流的今天,公共電視可以藉由網路影音的方式而不受時間、頻道的限制成立公視二台甚至三台,是否有必要成為龐大的集團?若要成立此一龐大的公廣集團,首先遇到的將是應如何組織公廣集團,滿足我們對公共電視的想像? 其次,建立理想的公廣集團,是否有憲法上之限制?首先遇到的,將是在滿足傳播多樣性下的憲法問題,例如為了落實原住民文化或女性主義,公共電視要求某單位應優先錄取原住民或女性,以增進節目製作的多元化,此種積極平權措施(Affirmative Actions)是否有憲法上的問題?其次,則是擴大公廣集團後,應如何處理過多的商業電台,此將涉及憲法上廣電自由、財產權等問題的實踐。 綜上所述,本文從傳播政策切入,並為其尋得憲法上之基礎,使國家有義務採取合理的雙元廣電體系,而落實人民的言論自由與平等公民權,進而與廣電媒體的媒體自由做適度調和。 / The Article 11 of the Constitution guarantees the people’s freedom of speech, publication, writing and teaching. According to the view point of Grand Justices and scholars, the freedom of speech also contains freedom of opinion via radio or television broadcast media, freedom of communications, and freedom of press. From the above discussionwe can know that Grand Justices try to give the radio and television broadcast media much special nature of the constitutional right in the Article 11 of the Constitution. This study integrates the opinion of the interpretation and the scholars, and consider that the constitutional right of the radio and television broadcast media can be the superordinate concept- freedom of media to make it develop Independently. But the freedom of media can’t impede the people’s basic freedom of speech, communication right and citizenship. Facing the problems of the growing complex media, deregulation becomes the world trend in recent year. The main causes are the respect of freedom of speech, and the theory of marketplace: the regulation of the government may violate freedom of speech, and distort the order of the market. However, people point out that the media market is different from the economics market in the nature. Besides, if we indulgedmedia, some people didn’t have had reasonable communication right. For solving this controversial, The Scholars think that the government can regulate the media with Legitimacy in the Constitution. As mentioned earlier, the freedom of media can’t disturb people’s freedom of speech and citizenship, so the government has the duty to ensure the value. As to ensure that, the government must regulate the commercial media strictly and protect the minority in effect. However, the Market Doctrine or the Regulation Doctrine is not perfect. The better method that this study considers is constructing the dual media system eclectically to make the public as the same strong as the commercial and take the “unsymmetric regulation”. Many problems have existed in ought-to-be and constitution if we wanted to construction the Public Broadcasting System. In ought-to-be, should Public TV be a System in convergence which can be as PTV2, PTV3 by internet? How to construct TBS to satisfy with our imagination? Second, Does the constitution limit the desirable TBS? Like the Diversity in the constitution, for example, is it unconstitutional that TBS make affirmative actions for aborigine or women? Besides, how should we limit the commercial media in freedom of media and property? Above of all, this study find the conclusion that the government has to make reasonable dual media system to protect people’s freedom of speech and equal citizenship from the commercial media.
14

台灣電視節目內容多元化之研究 / The Study of TV Program Diversity in Taiwan

陳一香, Chen, Yi-Hsiang Unknown Date (has links)
在傳播領域,多元化一直是媒介追求的目標,但是何謂多元化卻是一個尚未被精確界定的名詞,多元化雖源於政治上的多元主義,但隨著民主政治的發展,媒介多元化的概念亦隨之成長。多元化的意涵除了指涉政治多元所含蓋的「競爭」、「參與」、「分權」及「制衡」等概念外,更包括媒體表現的多元,多元主義在大眾傳播的實踐已被視為抗拒媒體單一化、提供更多選擇、反映社會差異、落實言論自由與保障少數族群傳播權益的重要理念。國內目前有關多元化的論述尚未成熟,也未將多元化的概念具體落實於傳播政策的設計,實證研究更為缺乏。本論文藉此檢視有關多元化概念的相關理論,追溯多元化概念的淵源背景,分析媒介多元化的政策理念,並釐清媒介多元化概念之面向與意涵,以作為建立客觀評量媒介多元化的指標依據。根據此一指標架構,進行電視節目內容多元化的實證研究,分析台灣電視媒體在多頻道環境下的節目多樣性,以及新電台加入對節目多樣性所造成的變化。 / The value of media diversity has always been pursued as an end for mass media, but questions about what are the concepts of diversity are not specifically defined. Although diversity has its primary reference to political plural concept of separation of powers, the appeal of diversity for mass media in modern society has been extended as a critical response to centralized control and conformity by providing the social difference and minority access, maximizing consumer choice and encouraging alternative voices and expression. In Taiwan, few of the questions for diversity research are systematically investigated and the diversity principle hasn''t been fully implemented in media policy. This thesis reviews the related literature of media diversity and develops a framework of analysis to guide the empirical research. The purpose of this study is to investigate the TV program diversity by collecting programming data of nine networks in Taiwan. The systematic quantized data and possible explanations for this result were discussed in the thesis.
15

多元文化課程設計與實施之行動研究 = An action research of curriculum design and implementation on multicultural education / Action research of curriculum design and implementation on multicultural education

何燕燕 January 2010 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Education
16

文化作為憲法的一個面向-從部門憲法角度探索台灣的文化憲法

周志潔 Unknown Date (has links)
文化是當代最具尖銳性的議題之一,不同文化所造成的差異與衝突,更對法規範產生莫大的衝擊。以憲法面向來說,各種文化保障主張均以入憲為最終訴求,並藉此要求國家必須予以最高的尊重。然而,入憲不僅有其門檻限制,某些想法更與既存憲法體系有所齟齬。至於法律面向,儘管國會議員制定諸多相關文化保護法規,但因此對文化所造成的影響亦非無疑。因而,有關文化的諸多問題,必須採取其他更細膩的作法。 本書基於上述想法以及文化所具有的多元、進化及傳統等各種特色,採取部門憲法的觀點以整合文化領域的特性,進而在人民的基本權利與國家的基本國策詮釋上,顯現文化對憲法所能作用的範圍。根據本書初步的觀察,文化不應僅是狹義的教育、科學、藝術等三大領域,更應及於個人內心意志和外在認同的生活形態、行為模式以及價值觀等廣義文化面向。因此在文化憲法的角度下,文化並非僅受到特定基本權的保障,而是每個基本權內涵的形成過程,都應加入文化的考量,以免排除或忽視不同文化族群的需求。順此脈絡,本書強調在基本權限制上,內在文化自我意識必須受到絕對的保障,而外在文化的表現則應受嚴格檢驗,並且國家對文化資源的分配亦需嚴守平等原則。 在此認知之下,本文提出文化憲法下的文化自由權與文化平等權,並具體檢討國內的原住民族議題和語言爭議
17

從多元文化教育的觀點,看電影「馬伊娜」(Maïna)的原住民文化觀與教育應用 / From the Perspective of Multicultural Education, to Look into the Indigenous People’s Culture and the Application of Education from“Maïna”Film

阿將伊崮喜瀾, Iku, S., Aciang Unknown Date (has links)
「馬伊娜」是一部典型原住民傳統生態知識(TEK)題材的獲獎電影,片中的夢占、巫師、藥物、泛靈(動植物)、規範和紋面紋身等,皆為原住民文化的共通語言,也成為本研究探討的素材,本研究擬以這部電影的原住民文化符號,探討如何透過電影或視覺媒體,傳遞多元文化教育並轉換為原住民多元文化教育的建構、設計與過程。 本研究採用文獻資料整理、符號分析和深度訪談之多元質性分析架構,首先,研究者從執導之原住民傳統知識內容的廣電節目影像資料的台灣原住民文化符號及文字調查資料作整理,其次,根據立意抽樣,分別從行政、文化、影像和教育等四個領域,深度訪談24名原住民和4名漢人,訪問他們對於馬伊娜電影與台灣原住民文化符號異同的看法,及其對原住民多元化教育的影響,並從符號關係的探討開始,持續作第二符號的心理學分析,亦即從文化敏感度、文化心理學、跨文化心理、佛氏的凝縮和轉移之雙工匠和榮格的無意識理論的角度,分別解釋當前的原住民文化現象和意識形態的結構。 結果發現台灣原住民之夢占文化為具有文化異同、層次、相對、環境影響和判定之異同;藥物文化亦具有文化異同、隱喻和轉喻、多樣性、多用途、多附加價值、專屬使用對象、不同層次療效和師承自動物等八種特色。同時,本文亦將馬伊娜電影的伊努族和因紐特族和國內各原住民族之夢占、巫覡、規範、宇宙觀和紋面紋身作比較。最後,並闡述文化起源、過程和結構的「出神入化」意涵,並對當前原住民多元文化教育的內涵和課綱作實質的建議。 / “Maïna”is a award-winning film with typical Indigenous people’s traditional ecological knowledges(TEK)symbols consist of dreams, shamans, medicinal materials, code of ethics, and tattoo, these are the same culture languages for all Indigenous people. This study aims is to explore cultural symbles in Maïna’s film, and transfer the elements of multicultural education through film or visual media then transform it into the construction, design and process of Tai- wan Indigenous people’s multicultural education. In this study, the researcher use Multivariate Analysis of literature review, Symbol A- nalysis and In-depth interviews. Firstly, there’re 15 TV films produced and directed by re- searcher in term of with the theme of TK, plus the text content of 13 television films as survey data, secondly, according to the principle of Proposive Sampling, the researcher choose 24 In- digenous people and 4 non Indigenous people of senior interviewees from positions of 4 fields of administrative, cultural, image and education, to join the interview, Thirdly, through the semiotics analysis, the researcher discussed cultural symbols of the commonality between Maïna and Taiwan Indigenous people, as well as the mutilple cultural education. The process begins at the exploration of semiotics relationships, continue to explore the second symbolic psychoanalysis, from Cultural Sensitivity, Cultural Psychology, Cross Cultural Psychology, and proposed the two craftmen of Condensation and Displacement in Freud and Jung's Un- conscious theory to explain current cultural phenomenon, and the Indigenous people’s ide- ology. The results show the commonalities of dream interpretation existed with diversity, level, relative,environmental and judgment. Medicine material culture also has eight characteristics of commonality, metaphor and metonymy, diversity, multipurpose, multi-value, exclusive object used, effiency of level and learning from animals. It also compares commonalies of dream, shamans, cosmology and tattoo between Innu, Inuit and Taiwan Indigenous people. Finally, the researcher induce the origin, process and structure of Indigenous people’s cultural to a“from myth to culture”meaning and make substantive suggestions on the lessons of multicultural education.
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閾限空間:薩爾曼•魯希迪《摩爾人的最後嘆息》之後殖民閱讀 / Liminal Space: A Post-Colonial Reading of Salman Rushdie's The Moor's Last Sigh

黃信凱, Huang, Paul Hsinkai Unknown Date (has links)
薩爾曼•魯希迪的《摩爾人的最後嘆息》運用想像與史實描繪出一個印度家族的故事。這個四代家族所經歷的時間橫跨整個二十世紀,一般說來在這個世紀前半部分大多數國家經歷了殖民統治與帝國主義,而在後半部分則面臨去殖民與國家主義的風潮。因此,書中論及的這些殖民與後殖民的經驗也引發了一些重要的議題,像是混雜、多元文化,和國家主義。霍米•巴巴提出‘閾限空間’這個概念有助於對這本小說做深入的評價與賞析,特別是能促進對以上三個議題更深入而具體的認知。霍米•巴巴將許多概念納入‘閾限空間’這個總括性術語的討論範圍,因此本論文將從中擷取三個概念來論述這本小說,分別是混雜、文化差異、及國家意識。 本論文的導論先闡釋霍米•巴巴‘閾限空間’這個概念並且發掘魯希迪這本小說中許多重要的後殖民議題。這些議題與‘閾限空間’ 這個概念的關係密不可分,因此這個概念所延伸論及的理論便可用於理解並賞析這本小說。接下來的三章將分別以混雜、文化差異、及國家意識來發掘並建立《摩爾人的最後嘆息》與‘閾限空間’這概念之間的關係。第二章將藉由霍米•巴巴對殖民者與被殖民者之間的矛盾關係的論述進而深入理解小說中意欲呈現的殖民混雜與後殖民混雜。這種矛盾的關係理論上與他者化的過程有關聯,在這過程中身分認同與主體化不論是在後殖民理論還是此本小說中都是值得商榷的議題。第三章利用霍米•巴巴的‘文化差異’來重新檢視並且重新定義所謂的多元文化。魯希迪在小說中巧妙地將現在的印度重疊在過去由摩爾人統治的西班牙之上,這種後殖民的羊皮紙影像便可藉由文化差異與多元文化的概念得到更具體的意義。此外,閾限空間也是一種不同文化的接觸地帶,這樣的中介地域也有助於理解魯希迪在流行文化與高等文化間所採的折衷主義。第四章則著重於探討霍米•巴巴如何發展閾限空間與國家意識的理論關係,還有國家與敘事之間的關係。此章也將利用國家與敘事的關係來理解魯希迪是如何在這本小說中運用許多文學技巧在小說世界中重構國家形象,尤其是文本互涉的材料與歷史的指涉這樣的技巧。 最後的總論將重申在本論文中提及的一些重要的論點,藉由重申這些論點來總結論文提及的一些重要概念的大意,並且讓魯希迪的《摩爾人的最後嘆息》與巴巴的‘閾限空間’這個文本與理論相互闡釋並佐證的關係更為清楚。 / Salman Rushdie’s The Moor’s Last Sigh delineates, fictively and historically, a family saga in India. The four-generation family approximately spans the twentieth century that, generally speaking, has gone through colonization and imperialism in the first half as well as de-colonization and nationalism in the second half. Accordingly, they bring forth a few significant issues, such as hybridity, multiculturalism, and nationalism. Homi Bhabha’s idea of ‘liminal space’ is conducive to the evaluation of the novel, and expressly to the discussion of the above three concepts in a more specific way. He subsumes a lot of ideas under the umbrella term ‘liminal space’, so this thesis is to extract three ideas—hybridity, cultural difference, and nationness—to elaborate on the novel. The introductory chapter expounds Bhabha’s idea of ‘liminal space’ and also explores a few post-colonial issues in the novel. The issues in question are related to Bhabha’s idea of ‘liminal space’, from which some key ideas are derived so as to appreciate the fictional world Rushdie constructs in the novel. The following three chapters are respectively based on the three liminality-related ideas, whereby to find the relation of the novel with Bhabha’s ‘liminal space’. The second chapter is to obtain a deeper apprehension of colonial and post-colonial hybridity through Bhabha’s argumentation concerning the ambivalent relationship between colonizer and colonized. The ambivalent relationship is theoretically associated with the othering process. In the process, identification and subjectification are moot questions not only in post-colonial theory but in the novel as well. The third chapter is intended to make use of Bhabha’s idea of ‘cultural difference’ to review and redefine what the word ‘multiculturalism’ is like. In turn, it helps to shed much more light upon Rushdie’s palimpsesting modern India over Moorish Spain. In addition, liminal space refers to a contact zone of cultural difference that elucidates Rushdie’s eclecticism between popular culture and high culture in the novel. The fourth chapter is to discuss the way Bhabha colligates liminal space and the idiolect ‘nationness’ and the way he relates the idea of nation to narration. The relationship between nation and narration is applied to the understanding of how Rushdie utilizes literary techniques, especially intertextual materials and historical allusions, for a re-construction of a nation in a fictional world. The conclusive chapter is to reiterate some important arguments that are germane to the above key concepts and to the reciprocal clarification between Bhabha’s ‘liminal space’ and Rushdie’s The Moor’s Last Sigh.
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多元化管理之研究--以台北市原住民就業為例

王雯君, Wang, Wen-Chun Unknown Date (has links)
跨向廿一世紀的組織,就應當關注「多元化(Diversity)」的議題,畢竟未來的工作隊伍將因為加入更多的異質性成分而呈現多元化的風貌,尤其是過去身處弱勢而未受組織開發的人力資源,例如:女性、殘障者、年老者、不同國籍與不同族群者等,在組織中有增多的趨勢。 然而,異質性一向被組織所排斥,弱勢群體更因為主流群體的偏見與刻板印象而未受到組織所重視,雖然一九六○年始,美國倡議平等就業機會來抑制就業上的歧視,訂定弱勢優先法案強迫組織對弱勢者進行的優惠待遇,或是呼籲重視差異性來改善人際關係,目的是要讓組織接受多元化與弱勢群體,但是皆因為基於責任道德與法律規範的外在約束而成效不彰。面對現今瞬息萬變的環境,組織實應基於競爭優勢的內在動力,而對多元化擁有不同的解讀,多元化不僅是組織寶貴的資產,更是爭取市場利基的契機,所以,弱勢群體加入工作隊伍應被視為組織的生力軍而非沈重的負擔,此有賴於組織如何去管理,這也就是「多元化管理」的重要課題。 多元化管理就是要結合異質性的工作隊伍,建立一個平等的工作環境,促使組織成員相互尊重與合作,以充分發揮自我潛能,共同為組織目標而努力。所以其強調以尊重的態度來包容成員間的異質性,以自我發展的信念來鼓勵弱勢群體展現才能,同時從組織漸進地改變做起,塑造尊重多元化的組織文化,發展多元化的人力資源,以及整合多元化的管理策略,藉由建立多元化的工作團隊,秉持不斷改善、學習與包容的心態來為組織共享願景而努力。 原住民一直為我國的弱勢群體之一,即將邁向廿一世紀的台灣如何以多元化管理的理念與精神來解決原住民的就業問題?台北市政府初審通過「促進原住民就業自治條例」,欲以定額僱用原住民進入市府所屬機關工作,雖為一項創舉,但是以多元化管理的角度分析,該措施仍秉持弱勢優先的信念,如此是否真的能夠解決台北市原住民的失業問題,實是政府應當審慎思考與規劃的問題。 總括本研究論點,「多元化管理」的中心理念在於尊重並發展多元價值的潛能,此乃對弱勢優先的一種反思,以更積極與前瞻性的思惟,關懷弱勢群體。而文化的改變誠屬不易,故而提出漸進的觀點,以及相關的配合策略來達成此一理想,並期能為組織創造競爭優勢。 章節目錄 第一章 緒論**********************1 第一節 研究動機與目的*******************..1 第二節 研究範圍、方法與限制****************..6 第三節 研究架構與流程*******************.10 第四節 重要概念界定********************.14 第二章 多元化管理的理念與精神************20 第一節 多元化管理的發展背景****************.20 第二節 多元化管理的意涵******************.39 第三節 多元文化組織********************.58 第三章 多元化管理的策略***************82 第一節 多元化管理的管理模式與組織案例***********.82 第二節 塑造多元化的組織文化****************.99 第三節 發展多元化的人力資源****************114 第四節 整合多元化的管理策略****************130 第四章 個案研究——以台北市原住民就業為例 *****148 第一節 原住民就業措施評介*****************150 第二節 多元化管理理念的反思****************159 第三節 組織因應原住民就業的策略**************174 第五章 結論*********************188 第一節 研究發現**********************188 第二節 研究建議**********************200 參考書目***********************211
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國民教育階段中的宗教自由─多元文化主義的觀點 / Religious freedom in mandated education context─a multiculturalism perspective

林榮光 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文係從多元文化主義之觀點來探討國民教育階段中的宗教自由。我國憲法第159條規定:「國民受教育之機會一律平等」。然而學生在教育過程中實質的平等受教育機會卻與其文化認同有密切的關係。如果學生的獨特文化認同不能在主流教育體制中受到尊重與接納,連帶的也會影響其學習上的成功機會。而透過對於法律「兼顧容納宗教自由」之案例的反省與分析,本論文引出了「宗教也是一深刻文化認同」之看法。筆者根據此一看法來重新思索宗教與國民教育之關係,並認為在憲法基本權利的層次,為了兼顧容納信徒基於宗教認同所產生之需求,我們必須承認「宗教學生平等受教育的權利」與「父母宗教教育之自由」。然而國家在國民教育階段中兼顧容納宗教自由,除了不應違背「政教分離」原則之外,也應以「民主教育」作為兼顧容納之重要界限。以上述想法為基礎,本論文也於最後具體探討我國的教育規範與教育實踐應如何作出調整,以建構一個兼顧信仰與學習的教育環境。 / This dissertation discussed religious freedom in mandated education context from a multiculturalism perspective. Article 159 of ROC Constitution provides, “The educational opportunities of citizens are equal.” Understood in a subjective sense, equal educational opportunities of students have much to do with their cultural identities. If a student’s unique cultural identity cannot be respected and accommodated in mainstream education system, his or her opportunities to success in the education process will be limited seriously. Through the discussion of cases of “accommodation of religious freedom”, this dissertation tried to propose the view that religion is also a profound cultural identity. Accordingly, the author indicated that in order to accommodate believers religious identity, “the equal educational rights of religious students” and “the freedom of religious education of parents” should be recognized in mandated education context. However, the efforts to accommodate religious freedom should also be balanced by the principles of democratic education, in addition to the requirements of secularism in public schools. Based on the ideas mentioned above, this dissertation reviewed educational regulations and practices in Taiwan in the final section, and proposed the ways to construct a education environment in which both the believers’ needs to learn and to develop religious identity can be respected and attended properly.

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