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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
201

Water, Heat and Solute processes in Seasonally frozen Soils : Experimental and Modeling Study

Wu, Mousong January 2015 (has links)
Soil freezing and thawing is of importance in transport of water, heat and solute, which has coupled effects. Solute type and solute content in frozen soil could influence the osmotic potential of frozen soil and decrease freezing point, resulting in differences in soil freezing characteristic curves under various solute conditions. Prediction model provides an approach for estimating soil freezing characteristic curves under various water and solute conditions based on soil freezing characteristic curve obtained at certain water and solute conditions. Water, heat and solute transport in seasonally frozen soil is a coupled process strongly linked to evaporation and energy balance of soil surface. High solute content and shallow GWTD provide good conditions for water and solute accumulation in surface layer, which would result in more evaporation during thawing. Also, high solute content in upper layer would cause more liquid water to exist in upper layer, which may enhance evaporation during freezing period. Obvious increase in cumulative evaporation amount was detected for frost tube experiments, 51.0, 96.6, to 114.0 mm when initial solute content increased from 0.2%, 0.4%, to 0.6%, and initial GWTD of 1.5 m. Similar trends were observed for other GWTD and solute treatments. Water and heat transport simulated by the CoupModel combined with GLUE calibration showed good performances, when constrained by certain criteria. Uncertainties were investigated using ensemble of modeling results. Simulated energy partitioning showed intensive oscillations in daily courses during soil freezing/thawing periods and strongly influenced the stability of energy system on surface of soil. The study demonstrated the complexity in water, heat and solute transport in seasonally frozen soil, and the necessity of combining experimental data with numerical model for better understanding the processes as well in decision making for irrigation district water resources management. / 土壤冻融过程对于水热及溶质的运移具有十分重要的影响,并对于寒旱区水文过程的研究有着深远意义。在冻土中,溶质的种类及溶质含量会对土壤溶质势产生影响,并导致冰点的降低,进而影响土壤冻结曲线的变化。本研究通过建立含盐冻土冻结曲线的预报模型,有效地利用一定水盐试验条件下的冻结曲线对未知条件下的冻结曲线进行预测,进而为数值模型实时根据土壤水盐条件获得准确的液态含水量与温度的关系时提供了可行的方法。冻融土壤中的水热盐运移过程与地表的水热平衡有着密切联系,进而影响冻融土壤蒸发过程。试验研究表明,高溶质含量及浅埋深地下水条件为地表的蒸发提供了便利条件,因为高溶质含量土壤冰点降低,同一负温条件下的液态含水量增大,为蒸发提供了可利用水分;而浅埋深地下水对冻融期水盐的表聚提供的方便,进而有助于融化期地表水分的大量蒸发及下层土层水分的大量向上补给。例如,当地下水初始埋深设置在1.5 m时,对于初始含盐量分别为0.2%,0.4% 和0.6% g/g的冻融试验组,冻融期累积蒸发量分别为51.0,96.6和114.0 mm。同样的增加趋势在其它初始地下水埋深设置试验组里也被验证,且初始地下水埋深越浅,累积蒸发量也越大。CoupModel 与GLUE相结合的方法能够有效地根据实测数据对模型进行率定并经过筛选后得出较好的模拟结果集合。通过对筛选的模拟输出集合的不确定性分析,对模型模拟过程的不确定性有了很好的了解。模拟的地表能量分配过程显示,地表能量的日变化过程较为剧烈,并且对地表能量平衡系统的稳定性产生了显著影响。研究通过试验与模拟相结合的方法,展示了季节性冻融土壤中水热盐耦合运移过程的复杂性,同时也表明利用试验取样与数值模型相结合的方法研究冻融土壤中水热盐运移过程的必要性,并为高效的水资源管理决策的制定提供了有效的手段。 / <p>QC 20150518</p>
202

套利定價模式應用於股票報酬率預測之實證研究

謝養, XIE,YANG Unknown Date (has links)
證券投資目前愈來愈受重視,雖然證券市場價格頗受當時供需關係的影響,但證券報 酬的高低主要仍是由系統性風險來決定,本研究目的在於驗證套利定價理論於台灣股 票市場是否能解釋股票報酬率,即檢定下列假設: 虛無假設(一):無風險利率λ。等於零; 虛無假設(二):系統性風險之風險貼水λi等於零; 虛無假設(三):非系統性風險之風險貼水λstd 等於零; 虛無假設(四):前期系統性風險之風險貼水等於零; 根據上述各虛無假設,採用最大概似因素分析及橫斷面複迴歸分析以達成研究目的。 研究結果顯示,個別證券方面,八個因素模型之截距項不顯著,無風險利率不存在, 只有一個共同因素,而非系統性風險在風險調整之後,仍對報酬率顯具影響,同時, 前期系統性風險並不具有定常性,故四項假設之檢定結果都拒絕套利定價理論。投資 組合方面,六組套利定價模型中,A 組沒有無風險利率,共同因素,非系統性風險也 不顯著;C 組之無風險利率存在,有一共同因素,非系統性風險不顯著;而B、D、E 及F 組之因素模型也不顯著;另外,A 組有三個前期系統性風險被定價,C 組僅有一 個被定價;故C 組支持單因素模型,而A 組則是一套利定價模型,總體來說,實證結 果並不支持套利定價理論。
203

社會福利支出之國際比較與我國適當支出水準之預估

林尚民, LIN,SHANG-MIN Unknown Date (has links)
本論文之目的乃在為我國的社會福利支出水準找到一個定位,並預為我規劃社會福利 支出時的參考。 過去數十年,我國在「經濟成長」之目標主導下,對於「基本需要措施」(Basic Ne- eds Approach) 及講求社會公平之重分配功能則嫌忽略。試然,過去我們因受制於有 限財力及經濟障礙,對於社會福利方案的推動雖有相當的困難,但今日當這些受制的 因素逐漸地解除時,我們的社會福利水準是否已經有所提升?我們距離福利國家的目 標還有多遠?與各個不同開發程度的國家相較,我們的成績又如何?又在各個範圍不 同的社會福利定義下,我們的表現如何?這些問題,我們在論文中,都將一一予以回 答。 本論文由基本的社會福利支出模型建立為出發,並佐以實證分析,以找出影響各個不 同經濟發展程度國家之社會福利支出的因素,並據以計算各類指數,試圖以國際比較 的方式來找尋出各國理想與實際支出差異的情形,並希望藉此能回答前述的問題。同 時,我們也根據前述的迴歸結果,對我國未來的社會福利支出水準作預估。 所謂知已知彼,百戰百勝,由這個國際比較的方式,或可收他山之石以功錯,更希望 能預為我規劃未來社會福利支出時的參考。
204

徐霞客遊記之文學研究

梁秀鴻, LIANG, XIU-HONG Unknown Date (has links)
本論文重點在研究徐霞客遊記之文學。全一冊,除前言外,凡七章,約十萬言各章大 要如下: 第一章:徐霞客其人。簡介徐霞客之家世、生平、性情、交遊等,以認識其人。 第二章:徐霞客遊記概述。首敘遊記之成書、整理及刊刻,次敘霞客之旅遊概況與遊 跡,三敘遊記之內容、形式等,期能對遊記本身有一大體之瞭解。 第三章:徐霞客所處時代之文學背景與所受影響。此章擬自晚明文風、晚明文人之寫 作態度、小品文之興起三方面,見霞客寫作之背景。 第四章:徐霞客之寫作技巧分析。本章從構語造句,修辭用字,譬喻三方面,探論其 寫作技巧。 第五章:徐霞客遊記文學所常見之主題試探。由山之屬、岩溶洞穴、天象氣候、人物 、植物等,見其文學風貌。 第六章:往霞客遊記與我國山水名家比較。茲舉酈道元、柳宗元、袁宏道三家之山水 文學與霞客之遊記比較,以見各家於山水文學寫作之異同。 第七章:結論。論霞客遊記文學之評價及其成就。
205

都市土地發展與土地稅收之相關研究

潘序浩, PAN, XU-HAO Unknown Date (has links)
本論文凡一冊,計五章,約五萬字左右。其各章章節及大致內容如下: 第一章 緒論 一、研究動機:由都市建設財源之短缺,及土地稅收角色相對重要性,觸發研究土地 稅制功能健全與否之動機。 二、問題陳述與分析:從土地發展與土地稅收兩變數的相關性研究,來探討土地稅制 功能的發揮。而在問題的分析方面,則以下列分析模式來建立理論架構: 土地發展 地租 地價 地稅 三、研究方法。 四、研究範圍與名詞定義。 第二章 文獻回顧 藉對財政影響分析、土地稅收預測及土地稅之公平效率模型之回顧,並對其提出批評 與檢討,作為本文架構及驗證之參考。 第三章 研究前提之設定與假設的建立 延續前述問題分析之討論,並參酌文獻回顧之部分,設定土地發展與土地稅收間之關 係當符合地租歸公、量能課稅、追求公平與效率三個前提,並根據此前提提出研究假 設: 假設一:地價稅收當隨土地發展程度之提高而增加。 假設二:增值稅收當隨土地發展程度之提高而增加。 第四章 假設之驗證 第五章 結論與建議
206

對外關係影響國內選舉策略之研究 : 比較烏克蘭、南韓與中華民國

趙世芳 Unknown Date (has links)
一國的對外關係會不會影響國內的政治局勢?學界對此一問題的答案是肯定的。重點是在於會在什麼樣的情況下以何種方式影響?本文採取了選票極大化模式來檢視中華民國(2000)、南韓(2002)與烏克蘭(1999)三國最近的一次總統選舉。上述三國都有一個特殊的「對外政策」(兩岸關係、兩韓關係與俄羅斯/烏克蘭關係)主導了選民的認同與投票傾向,而且從歷屆總統選舉中呈現出民意集中在對外政策立場上的中點。本文在比較了三國總統選舉的過程後發現,在一個以認同政治為主,關鍵議題上民意呈常態分佈(也就是民意的重數在中)的國家,趨中的民意會誘使各政治勢力將其立場往中間靠攏。台灣的陳水扁,南韓的盧武炫與烏克蘭的庫奇馬更是在競選過程中將上述的特徵清楚地表現出來。 / Does a country’s foreign relation have it’s impact on domestic politics? Academic research has already answered it, the point is when and how. The major purpose of this thesis is to use vote-maximizing model to examine the presidential elections of the ROC (Taiwan) in 2000, South Korea in 2002 and Ukraine in 1999. All these countries have a kind of special “foreign relation” with them; cross-Strait relations for Taiwan, Inter-Korea relations for South Korea and Russo-Ukrainian relations for Ukraine. Besides, such the relation has the main feature of leading one country’s nature of elections and people’s identity. Evidence also shows there is a standard distribution of public preferences on mixed identity. After comparing the three elections, our finding is: if a country’s salient issue lies on identity politics, and public preference is concentrated in the middle, than public preference will induce political parties (or electoral candidate) to move ideologically toward the center. Chen Shui-Bian in Taiwan, Roh Moo Hyun in South Korea and Leonid Kuchma clearly demonstrated the above feature in their electoral strategy.
207

以ITIL流程改善模型進行SLM導入之研究─以某證券公司資訊部門為例

林良原, Lin, Liang Yuan Unknown Date (has links)
隨著主管機關對金融商品規定的鬆綁,金融機構業務型態的變化越來越多,量也越來越大,對資訊系統依賴的程度也越來越高。其中,證券公司業務的執行及對客戶的服務,更是高度依賴IT服務的可用性、可靠性、安全性和表現的效能。然而,IT與業務部門需求認知上的落差及IT部門在企業內扮演角色認知上的錯誤及不當的IT管理方式,反而讓問題的發生層出不窮,IT也經常落入問題處理的深淵。 問題的複雜度雖然不斷提高,相對於業務單位對系統穩定性的要求卻更高。問題是:企業不可能因為追求效率上的完美而不斷花錢投入IT資源。在IT資源有限的情況下,IT部門須對這些問題,進行更有效的管理及回應。因此,IT治理不僅已成為金融機構實現業務目標的基本要素,也是獲取客戶信任不可或缺的元素。本論文則嘗試透過導入行之有年的ITIL管理方法,協助解決證券公司資訊部門的困境。 為能達到良好的IT服務治理結果,本研究針對業務單位對IT部門所提供的資訊服務期望,透過ITIL的服務水準管理流程(Service Level Management,SLM)來加以定義及描述。主要做法: 1.利用ITIL流程改善模型(Process Improvement Model)的四階段步驟,參考營業服務管理(Business Service Management,BSM)的觀念與做法,讓IT單位與業務部門能有更好的溝通。 2.依據溝通的結果產出實際可行之服務水準協議。簡言之,即是由使用者的角度去找出所需達到的IT服務標準。還可依此畫出營業服務與IT服務間之對應關係,明確彼此的責任。 3.透過重複不斷的檢討與回饋,讓IT服務能越來越符合實際業務的需要。 本研究發現,透過案例「致富快手」系統在服務水準管理流程中所獲得的業務單位對IT部門的服務期望資訊,對照現況IT部門的服務表現與目標水準的差異分析。的確可以協助IT部門就資訊服務的提供現況來推導,以獲致未來可進行服務改善的目標項目。而不再是以個人的直覺來進行系統維護與IT投資,這些效益還包括: 1.增進IT了解自己在企業營運上的價值貢獻;體會與業務單位的分工合作關係,減輕彼此的對立。 2.營業服務關鍵流程協助IT部門進行資源佈署,優化IT投資。 3.對營業服務關鍵流程,提供一具體、可量化的衡量標準與描述。可依此建立SLA與OLA。 4.服務期望與服務現況比較,了解IT服務對營業服務支持程度。 5.服務期望與服務現況差異化分析,為日後服務改善之依據。 6.營業服務與IT資源對應,明確IT資源關鍵元件;為備援建置及容量管理之重點對象。 7.以Business/IT知識庫檢視監控機制涵蓋程度,做為服務改善之目標。 8.透明IT營業支援服務體系,增進雙方溝通與問題處理有效性。 研究中也發現,服務水準管理流程只是在規範IT服務相關單位的行為活動。也就是說,服務水準管理流程其實只是在訂定IT服務的目標,至於應如何來實現,仍須藉由其他服務提供(Service Support)流程的有效支持;改善的具體實現,又會反應在服務水準指標的執行結果上,兩者其實為互相呼應,相輔相成的因果關係。 / As the finance production deregulates, the financial institutions could run more and more various businesses. In order to offer quality service, it’s necessary to have IT support in the back. So does Security Corporation. The business performances of a security corporation almost depend on an available, reliable, and secure IT services. However, there are some problems occurred between the business and IT units. In one hand, they both have misunderstanding in cognition to the other party; on the other hand, passive attitude and ineffective management of IT department made two groups always unsatisfied to each other. Furthermore, the spending of IT investment in a company is limited, but the business units continually require of better performance requirement. The atmosphere between two parties is in tension. For solving those problems, the study of IT governance comes out. It helps organization offer better IT service under limited resources. Moreover, IT governance is not only the effective method to realize business object, but the important one to obtain the customers’ trust. As the result, we use one of IT governance methodology, ITIL (IT Infrastructure Library), to resolve the predicament of IT department in the security corporation. In this paper, we identify the expectation to IT service from Business units using the concept of SLM (Service Level Management) module described in ITIL. Our analysis steps are as follow: I.Understand the needs: We use the “Process Improvement Model” in ITIL and the concept in BSM (Business Service Management) to analyze the “real” requirements from business units. II.Settle and implement the agreements: After clarify the relationship between business function and IT service, the most important document in SLM, SLA (Service Level Agreement), will be ready for recording the result of negotiation of two parties. It’s also good for addressing the responsibility. III.Review and improve the IT services: After implement, it’s necessary to review the result, and get the feedback for next service improvement. By continuous improvement, IT service will be able to match the business needs. In the case, we conduct the gap analysis between the expectation of business department and real performance of IT service. It helps IT department to understand “where we are” and “what we want”. Through the result of the comparison, it provides an obvious direction for service improvement, instead of by “intuition” only. It also includes other benefits like that: I.The IT department can realize its role in whole enterprise. It could have better cooperation with business department. II.The BSM helps IT manager to deploy its resources and optimize the investment in IT. III.The methodology provides a concrete, measurable standard and description to the business. It’s useful to establish the SLA and OLA (Operation Level Agreement). IV.The comparison between expectation and current status can show how the level of IT services support business services. V.The gap analysis provides the direction of service improvement. VI.The IT resources components are highlighted. Those components are major objects in backup mechanism and capacity management. VII.The Business/IT Knowledge base helps to review the range of monitor. VIII.The IT support system can be revealed. It is benefit to communication and problem management. The study shows that Service Level Management focus on how to restrict the action of IT Services provider. In other words, the whole process just helps to fine out the object of IT Services. It also needs support of other Service Support processes. Furthermore, the services’ quality improve will be showed by the Service Level Index. The SLM and other process complement to each other. To sum up, SLM is good for IT units to identifying needs and catching them. However, it should implement with other process to get better effect.
208

南宋福州民間信仰的發展 / The Development of Popular Religion in Fu-chou During Southen Sung China

姚政志, Yao, Jheng-jhih Unknown Date (has links)
本文在探討南宋時期福州的民間信仰,而「民間信仰」指的是流行於民間的「祠祀」信仰,不涉及佛教寺院和道教宮觀。分析地方志資料的結果顯示,在南宋時期,福州的民間祠祀有幾個特色:其一,成立於宋代的祠祀明顯地比前代多;其二,神祇大多源自福州本地;其三,人們因為各種原因為神明建祠立祀,其中「顯靈」是最重要的選擇;其四,所祀神祇種類多元,而以「人物類」且「平民」背景出身者為多。當時的福州祠祀,大致上從兩方面演變而來,一是「里社」,一是「叢祠」。由於「里社」祭祀不受官府監督,因此民間得按民俗進行祭祀;又社祭禮儀敗壞以及選擇其他更靈驗之神祇等因素,使得傳統露天的「里社」祭祀朝「祠廟」化發展。「叢祠」是宋人對祠祀的別稱,不一定是「淫祀」,也不是類型特殊的祠祀。臨水夫人的信仰源於福州,是一「平民」出身的「人物類」祠祀。其故事和信仰內容是奠基在福州傳統的民間習俗和觀念。相對於平民,士大夫對於何者才是「可祀之神」有自己的解釋方式,但並不致於在民間祠祀方面與平民嚴重對立。從臨水夫人的故事可以發現,士大夫利用民間祠祀,有助於和地方社會維持和諧的關係。
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扁迷作為一種道德實踐 / Being Bian's Fans as a Moral Practicing

朱峰誼, Chu, Feng Yi Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要目的有二:一是探討陳水扁支持者(扁迷)對阿扁之情感與認同,二是檢討傳統迷文化理論和Laclau與Mouffe論述理論在分析扁迷現象時的可能缺失,並提出一個新的整合性理論架構。以深度訪談作為方法、傳統迷文化理論作為背景理論,本研究發現扁迷們透過身體實踐,表達自己對阿扁本人與其背後符號意義的支持;這些意義包括台灣國族意識、公平正義、偶像特質與青年認同。除上述意義之外,「為了自己」、「為了社群」是扁迷支持阿扁更核心的驅力;前者顯現在扁迷的各種認同與防衛機制上,後者則展現在其政治理念成形時的親身傳播中。然而,傳統迷文化理論卻無法解釋阿扁符號意義與扁迷情感/認同的變遷過程,Laclau與Mouffe的空符徵架構雖然得以適切說明意義與認同改變時遭遇的符號與自我分裂,但亦無法真正指出符號變遷時的關鍵因子。本研究認為,唯有整合此二理論、強調符號論述的開放性與主體之能動性,並體認符號文本、個體與社群三者缺一不可的緊密相關性,才能真正完整地說明、解釋此一政治迷(扁迷)現象。同時考量上述條件,我們將獲得一個新的、三重三元性(3 x 3)的整合式理論架構;而任何得以此架構解釋分析之個體行為,我們稱之為「道德實踐」。這不僅強調個體進行道德抉擇的能動性,亦強調其背後以各種符號秩序中介的社群規範。扁迷作為一種道德實踐,並不在正當化扁迷所認同之價值體系為一普遍性道德「內容」,而在說明扁迷,在本質上,即為一種道德實踐「形式」。 / Two aims the present research has. The first is to investigate the feelings and identifications of President Chen Shui-Bian’s (A-Bian) supporters (Bian’s fans). The second is to discuss the suitability of applying traditional fan culture theory and Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory in explaining this political-cult phenomenon, and to propose a novel, integrated one. Using in-depth interview as research method and fan culture theory as base, the present research suggests that through body practices, Bian’s fans actualize their support toward A-Bian and various symbolic meanings behind him. These symbolic meanings include Taiwan nationalism, justice, idol characteristics and youth identifications. Besides these meanings, ‘for self’ and ‘for the community’ are more the core motives of supporting A-Bian. The former could be observed in the identifications and defense mechanisms of Bian’s fans, while the latter is concluded both from the importance of interpersonal communication, and from the role of communities in the political-ideas modeling of Bian’s fans. As for the theoretical discussion, traditional fan culture theory fails to explain the conversion of A-Bian symbols and that of Bian’s fans’ identifications. Although Laclau and Mouffe’s idea of empty signifier can properly illustrate the symbolic and self divisions in those conversions, it still fails to designate the key element triggering this process. The present research suggests that only combining these two theories (that is, stressing not only on the openness of structures as Laclau’s discourse theory does, but also on the agency of subjects like fan culture theory does), and recognizing the intimate connection among symbols, subjects and communities, can we thoroughly and really understand this political-cults phenomenon. Considering the principles above, we shall eventually infer a new, integrated, triple-triplets (3 x 3) theory. Every action explainable by this frame could be termed as ‘moral practice’ not only for stressing on the agency in subject’s moral decision making, but also for emphasizing the significant role of social norms behind it. Regarding being Bian’s fans as a moral practice is not justifying the values they hold to any universal ethic contents, but illustrating that being Bian’s fans is essentially a form of moral practicing.
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台灣動態效率之評估

鄭博元 Unknown Date (has links)
動態效率 (dynamic efficiency) 是探討經濟成長、財政政策效果以及資產定價的中心課題。依照Diamond (1965) 的疊代模型 (overlapping generations model),當利率小於人口成長率 (人口成長率等於經濟成長率) 時,此時資本有過度累積的現象,稱之為動態無效率 (dynamic inefficiency)。但問題在於我們應該選擇何種利率作為指標。選擇不同的利率作為基準,所得出的結論也可能會不同,因為在現實經濟社會中,利率的種類範圍非常廣泛。 基於此種理由,Abel, Mankiw, Summers and Zeckhauser (1989) 提出一種一般化準則當作判斷動態效率的標準。該方法為當總資本所得 (gross capital income) 大於總投資 (gross investment) 時,經濟體系就處於動態效率的狀態。 研究的發現與結論如下: 第一、Abel et al (1989) 的文獻發現,美國、英國、法國、德國、義大利、加拿大皆處於動態效率的狀態。 第二、袁志剛、何樟勇 (2003) 和其他文獻發現1990年代的中國處於動態無效率的狀態。本文研究指出於2000年後,中國仍處於動態無效率的狀態。 第三、有關台灣的情形,Ahn (2003) 發現於2000年以前台灣處於動態效率的狀態。本文則斟酌以下兩項:第一、投資總額應含公共投資。第二、地租不包含在總資本所得中,因為地租與利息所得畢竟有別。探討2000年後台灣的情形,本文發現,台灣尚符合動態效率的條件。

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