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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

中國石油外交安全複合體系之研究 / The Research of China's Oil Diplomacy Security Complex

林長青, Lin, Chang-Ching. Unknown Date (has links)
中國的石油外交安全複合體系可分為海上運輸航線、歐亞能源陸橋以及全球經營三大面向。由於目前中國進口石油來源主要來自中東及非洲地區,並依賴印度洋通往國內東南沿海的海上運輸航線,基於分散運輸風險與進口地區多元化的考量,增進對東協關係以促成海路運輸安全、向陸地接鄰的俄羅斯與中亞國家發展能源陸橋、兼顧海陸進口路線平衡發展之佈局,以及積極於中東、非洲、拉丁美洲地區發展經貿與能源合作並進關係,將為中國建構石油安全複合體系必然的策略選擇。複合體系行為主體是運用石油公司、國家政策及區域組織外交三個層次相結合,發展區域經濟論壇、軍售與外交支持等全般作為以鞏固對產油國安全利益依存關係,即使面臨體系內美國與日本競爭石油資源,但是中國提供其他合作選項,使產油國得以增加出口選擇,因此牽制力量的存在反而有助於強化體系運作,預期與美國爭奪地緣關鍵國家合作關係將是今後中國開展石油外交的重點。 / China’s oil diplomacy security complex is divided into three aspects: Sea lines of communication, Eurasia energy bridge, and Global cooperation. Middle East and Africa are now the main areas for China’s imported petroleum, and their production are transported through Indian Ocean to the southeast China coast. China’s strategies to build oil diplomacy security complex on account of diversification of importing sources are to protect Sea lines of communication by promoting Sino-ASEAN relations, to construct energy bridge from Russia and Central Asia in order to poise the marine and continental route of imported petroleum, as well as to develop business and energy cooperation with Middle East, Africa and Latin America .There are three characteristics of the security complex: first , members that compose oil companies, countries and regional organizations ; second , interdependence that China fosters with oil-exported countries in regional economic forum , arm sales and diplomatic support , and the existence of opponents such as the United States and Japan that strengthens the security complex by relieving China’s alternative value. In conclusion, China provides other alternatives for oil-exporting countries and strengthen the regional security complex; thus to obtain cooperation opportunities with key countries in the Geopolitical field from the U.S. would be the priority in China’s oil diplomacy policy.
22

中國大陸海權戰略中的東協經貿外交研究 / A study ASEAN economic and trade diplomacy of china maritime power strategy

石鈺涵 Unknown Date (has links)
世界貿易組織成立之後,各國經濟發展隨著交通工具與網際網路的進步,「全球化」與「區域化」成為推動全球經濟發展的動力,區域合作對國際關係的重整產生深遠的影響,同時民族國家更希望透過區域性的整合來增加經濟效率與政治接受度。已成為全球第二大經濟體的中國大陸,其領導人習近平於2013年分別提出了「絲綢之路經濟帶」與「二十一世紀海上絲綢之路」的戰略構想,做為其以經濟優勢為基礎,對周邊國家實施區域整合的策略,並成為區域性霸權的雙面刃。 基於地緣政治的因素,為了有效的施行中國大陸以發展成海洋強國為主軸的「二十一世紀海上絲綢之路」戰略構想,東南亞國協成為中國大陸企業走出去的首選目標。強調以東南亞國協為中心的「區域全面經濟夥伴協定」為中國大陸所積極推動的區域經濟整合,普遍被認為是中國大陸為了主導全球經濟,制衡美國所支持的「跨太平洋夥伴關係協定」之戰略手段,東協亦成為中美權力較量的重點區域。除了與區域外強權的經貿競逐,東南亞國協十國於政治、經濟、文化、宗教、地理與自然資源因素都存在很大的差異,中國大陸推行經貿整合的過程雖創造了合作的機遇,卻也存在諸多風險。 2010年中國大陸與東協自貿區成立以來,雙邊的服務貿易與貨物貿易協議成效均不斷擴大,中國大陸藉由「二十一世紀海上絲綢之路」和中國大陸與東協自貿區「升級版」作為中國大陸與東協當前經濟合作的支撐,並以投資為合作主軸,互聯互通為核心,輔以亞洲基礎建設投資銀行及絲路基金等銀彈策略,同時為中國大陸經濟高速成長產能過剩問題尋求出路,本文透過中國大陸海權戰略、區域經濟整合與東協經貿外交進程,分析其機遇、挑戰及影響。 / After the World Trade Organization(WTO) was formed, the progress of both the transportation and network have been pushing the development of countries’ economy. “Globalization” and “Regionalization” become the power for promoting global economy development. Regional cooperation has deep influence on the reformation of international relations. Meanwhile, nation-states would like to increase economic efficiency and political acceptance through regional integration. In 2013, China, being the world’s second largest economy, its leader, Xi Jinping, raised up strategic concept of “Silk Road Economy Belt” and “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” for its foundation of economic advantages.China is using it as a tactic to perform regional integration of the neighboring countries and to become a regional superpower. Based on the geo-political reason, in order to effectively enforce the strategic concept of “Twenty-first Century Maritime Silk Road” and to develop China as a maritime power, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has become the top choice for Chinese corporations to walk out. The “Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)” centered on the ASEAN nations, which China is actively pushing for, is widely believed to be a strategic move to lead the global economy and to balance “Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement” supported by the United States. The ASEAN has become the competing focal point for both China and the U.S. Besides the economic competition with the outside regional superpowers, all the 10 members of the ASEAN countries exist significant differences in politics, economy, culture, religion, geography, and natural resources. Therefore, despite China is creating the opportunity of economic and trading cooperation, there are still many risks. Since the establishment of China and ASEAN Free Trade Area(CAFTA) in 2010, the result of service trade and goods trade agreement has expanded. China uses both “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” and the upgraded version of “China-ASEAN Free Trade Area” to support its economic cooperation with the ASEAN, meanwhile, using investment as the principle for cooperation, and mutual communication as the core, and money bullet from Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and Silk road fund as the assisting strategy in order to seek way out for China’s overcapacity. This paper is for readers to understand China’s opportunity, threat, and effect through analyzing its maritime strategy, and regional economic integration with ASEAN economy diplomacy and trade progress.
23

海上貨物保險在國際貨物買賣下保險利益之研究

李琇雯, Li, Xiu-Wen Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
24

中國海上保險法中告知義務與英美法系最大誠信原則下相關內容之比較

錢程 January 2005 (has links)
University of Macau / Faculty of Law
25

東南亞海上恐怖主義活動 / Maritime Terrorism Activities in Southeast Asia

曹育寧, Tsao, Yu-Ning Unknown Date (has links)
東南亞海域的海洋運輸在亞太地區經濟成長上扮演相當重要的角色。一旦海上環境遭受猛烈恐怖襲擊,全球的船運和貿易活動立即會受到嚴重的影響。尤其是麻六甲海峽的特殊地理環境,讓恐怖份子很容易在良好策劃下,完成海上恐怖攻擊活動。後續該地區的保險金額將會高得驚人,造成整個東南亞地區的海運、亞洲地區的貿易、全球經濟的成長都會受到波及。這也正是為何執恐怖世界牛耳的「蓋達」組織正在積極組建「海軍」,對海上恐怖攻擊展現高度興趣的主要原因。近幾年來東南亞海盜有漸趨暴力的傾向,加上「蓋達」組織的阿富汗基地受創,部分幹部落腳於東南亞,更加深人們對於手段殘暴的海盜與海上恐怖主義的聯想。「蓋達」業已投注許多心力發展海上攻擊能力,如果再與東南亞恐怖組織分享研究成果的話,情況勢必更加棘手。 本文特別針對印尼、馬來西亞、新加坡、菲律賓與泰國等五個國家作分析,檢視各國所發生的海上暴力事件以及處理的方式,並且研究各國主政者對於恐怖主義的態度。此外,對於與海上恐怖主義有關聯的東南亞恐怖組織包括「伊斯蘭教祈禱團」、「阿布薩耶夫」、「摩洛伊斯蘭解放陣線」與「摩洛民族解放陣線」等,分析其有無跨界發展的能量與發動海上恐怖攻擊的能力。文中也試著從「東協」及其相關組織以及「聯合國」、「國際海事局」、「國際海事組織」、「亞太經濟合作會議」等全球性的機構分析其面對新興海上恐怖主義活動的回應,進而整理出促進東南亞各國在海上安全維護上更進一步合作的措施。最後針對台灣的海上反恐作一檢視,希望可以從全球海上反恐的努力獲取經驗,與全球反恐接軌,提升國家海上安全的保障。 關鍵字:海上恐怖主義活動、「蓋達」組織、麻六甲海峽、九一一事件、東南亞、海盜。
26

海上長城的重構或破壞?:中國崛起與南海海上交通線之政策 (2000-2014) / Building or Breaking the Great Wall at Sea: The Rise of China and the Politics of Sea Lines of Communication in the South China Sea (2000-2014)

潘荷西, Plata Díaz, José Luis Unknown Date (has links)
摘要 本研究採用賽局理論 (stag-hunt model) 來推論假設南海海上交通線 (SLOCs) 安全合作的情形.根據結果顯示,爭奪南海的國家,其解決衝突最好的策略應以合作的方式來提昇無論是在石油進口、貿易活動以及該地區船隻航行等方面的安全性。 為縮短假設情境與現實情況的差距,一方面,我們找出海上交通線安全合作之難點:主權、資源、和軍事發展;另一方面,也提出能促進其合作的正面因素:舊有的海上聯合巡邏、非傳統安全合作相關領堿、以及未來的南海行為準則 (SCS COC)。 最後我們介紹了「南海太平島提案」,試圖建立與協調新的海上聯合巡邏來降低該地區的緊張關係,建立彼此之間的信任,並改善衝突的情況。 根據本研究結論表示,我們的研究發現以及一些政策將能協助實施南海海上交通線安全的合作。 / Abstract This research applies game theory (stag-hunt model) to a hypothetical situation of cooperation on Sea Lines of Communication (SLOCs) protection in South China Sea (SCS). The results indicate that, in theory, the best option for all disputant countries in the issue is to cooperate in order to increase the security of their oil imports, trade, and ships crossing the region. To overcome the gap between the theoretical model and the reality, we have identified those factors that will hinder the implementation of cooperation on SLOCs protection, sovereignty, resources, and military development; as well as those that can be used to counterbalance the effect of negative ones, previous joint maritime patrols, non-traditional security cooperation, and the future South China Sea Code of Conduct (SCS COC). Finally, we have presented the South China Sea Peace Island Initiative, a proposal to coordinate and create new joint maritime patrols in the region as a mean to reduce tensions, build confidence, and improve the relationship between disputants. We conclude presenting the main findings of this research, as well as those policies that will be useful to implement cooperation on SLOCs protection in SCS.
27

中共「21世紀海上絲綢之路」倡議之研究 / The study of the initiative of the PRC.'s 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road

蕭時光 Unknown Date (has links)
“21世紀海上絲綢之路”倡議與絲綢之路經濟帶的傳輸紐帶關係,發展成為“一帶一路”倡議,為中共在2013年所提出的戰略構想。 就美國而言,由於其經濟實力受金融危機影響減弱,透過積極干涉南海爭端,可協助其順利推進亞太戰略轉向,強化本國在東亞地區的權力基礎,並制約中國勢力擴張。相對於中共來說,應有效應對美國實施重返亞太戰略可能產生的各種不利影響。 本文探討對於共同建設的“21世紀海上絲綢之路”倡議,需要沿線各國與經濟體共同努力,願景需要由政治互信不斷增強,未來發展建置議程,共同促進聯合行動方案的互聯互通。 / The initiative of “One belt, one Road” means the economic belt of Land route of Silk Road connecting Mainland China with the countries of Central Asia and the transport ties of the Maritime Silk Road connecting Mainland China with the countries of ASEAN, which has been making a strategic formulation put forward by the People's Republic of China since 2013. The impact of islands disputes between China and Philippines on the security of South China Sea, as far as the United States is concerned, with its economic strength weakened by the financial crisis, by proactively interfering with that, it helps successfully reorient its regional strategy, strengthen the U.S. power base in East Asia, and prevent China from expanding further. On the other side, to the PRC., effective strategies should be put forward to all kinds of disadvantageous influences of America's returning to the Asia-Pacific region. This article argues that jointly building the initiative of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road is required all parties to work together, the vision needs to be built for future development by increasing political mutual trust as well as development agenda so as to jointly promote inter connectivity.
28

台海兩岸建立軍事互信機制之研究 / A Study of Establishing Military Confidence Building Measures Across the Taiwan Strait

許舜南, Hsu, Shun-Nan Unknown Date (has links)
身為一位學習「戰略及國際安全」並從事「野戰戰略」與「中外戰史」研究與教育的軍人,深知唯有堅實的國防武力,才能在中共不放棄以武力解決台灣問題的文攻武嚇下,以「勝兵先勝」之作為,來達到「止戰而不懼戰,備戰而不求戰」,確保「有效嚇阻、防衛固守」戰略構想之達成,然基於深切體認到「兵凶戰危」,不忍國人與大陸之對立紛爭而引發戰火,導致同胞「生靈塗炭」。自當從「避免戰爭」、「防止戰爭」等戰略及國際安全之考量,研究「台海兩岸建立軍事互信機制」,藉由國際間已實施多年的「信心建立措施」(Confidence-Building Measures,以下簡稱CBMs),期能喚起台海兩岸之領導人,本著同根同源,藉展現誠意、溝通、協商、交流,進而建立互信,以降低兩岸緊張情勢,避免因誤判而引發衝突,進而導致戰爭發生。 「信心建立措施」的主要概念,在於透過資訊交換與交流,增加彼此的瞭解,避免雙方因對彼此軍事意圖的誤解,而導致擦槍走火,引發衝突與戰爭。並希望透過「軍事互信機制」等交往原則的確立、軍事行動的規範,以及檢證措施的運用,建立台海兩岸彼此信任之關係,以達到避免戰爭、防止戰爭,確維台海兩岸安全與永久和平之目標。 本論文「台海兩岸建立軍事互信機制之研究」,其主要的理論基礎是參考國際間已施行多年的「信心建立措施」(CBMs),該措施見諸於1975年「赫爾辛基會議」(Helsinki Conference)的「最終議定書」(Final Act)。而在歐洲中立及不結盟國家提議下,至1986年「斯德哥爾摩會議文件」(Document of the Stockholm Conference),第二代的「信心建立措施」被歐洲各國改稱為「信心暨安全建立措施」(Confidence and Security-Building Measures, 以下簡稱CSBMs )。一般而言,後者較前者更強調軍事意涵的重要性及查證措施的使用,也意味脫離前者的萌芽階段,進入較繁複、具體、強制發展的階段。除歐洲與亞太地區外,非洲、拉丁美洲、中東地區都有相關類似的安排。1991年,南北韓所簽訂的「和解、互不侵犯及交流合作協議」與「朝鮮半島非核聯合宣言」,中共、俄羅斯及其他三個中亞國家於1996年4月26日所簽訂的「關於邊境地區加強軍事領域信任的協定」,均屬於「信心暨安全建立措施」。冷戰結束後成立的「東協區域論壇」及「亞太安全合作理事會」所倡導的安全對話,也是「信心建立措施」的一環。 台海兩岸建立軍事互信機制可採用「信心建立措施」(CBMs)各類作法,即(一)宣示性措施(declaratory measures)、(二)透明性措施(transparency measures)、(三)溝通性措施(communication measures)、(四)海上安全救援措施(maritime measures)、(五)限制性措施(constraint measures)、(六)查(檢)證性措施(verification measures)…等,並參考國際間建立互信之成功案例,區分目前已在執行的公布「國防報告書」、宣布「軍事演習之種類、範圍、時間、地點」、遂行「海上救難行動」、建立「海峽中線共識」…等,並配合國統綱領的進程,再分為近、中、遠程軍事互信作為,逐步建立台海兩岸軍事互信,降低緊張,化解衝突,以避免導發台海間之戰爭,共創台海兩岸中國人之雙嬴。 當前台海兩岸之紛爭,乃導因於雙方領導人及政府之互信不足,故在推動台海兩岸互信機制時,初期階段,須由單方面展現誠意、培養互信,在時機及條件成熟後,則雙方展現誠意、建立互信,當然我方應審慎規劃,並時時觀察,若中共仍抱持傲慢心態,未能遵守相關協定,必要時可以停止各項交流,以免單方面對中共做出過多的讓步,以確保我國家安全與利益。 從研究中可以深切體會,台海兩岸維持和平與穩定,是台海兩岸中國人的共同期盼,也唯有「台海兩岸建立軍事互信機制」,才能避免雙方因誤解、衝突,而刺激中共以武力犯台,或引爆戰爭。故僅提出具體建議,供決策單位及後續研究此一問題者參考: 壹、台海兩岸不可輕啟戰端。 貳、推動兩岸間制度化互信機制。 參、藉助國際友人加強多邊協商促進兩岸交流。 肆、審慎擬定建立軍事互信措施之優先順序。 伍、推動兩岸建立軍事互信立法逐步執行。 陸、賡續研究集思廣益尋求兩岸雙贏策略。 台海兩岸建立軍事互信機制,雖然還有相當多的困難與窒礙,但相信只要台海兩岸領導人有決心,必可早日達成兩德統一與兩韓和解的光明坦途,這也是台海兩岸中國人所衷心期盼的抉擇,但願不久的將來,台海兩岸的中國人,均可走出免於戰爭與殺戮之夢魘,進而同享自由、民主與均富的和平幸福生活,共創台海兩岸的繁榮與發展。
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海上貨物運送履行輔助人之研究—以鹿特丹規則為中心— / A study on maritime performing party under Rotterdam Rules

藍君宜, Lan Chun Yi Unknown Date (has links)
鹿特丹規則自1996年開始草擬,歷經大小數十次會議,迄2008年12月11日於聯合國第63屆大會第67次會議於紐約審議通過,該規則首次確立「海運加」(海運階段加上海運前後其他運送方式階段)之適用範圍,較諸傳統海上運送公約之適用範圍,變化甚鉅。「海運加」制度將鹿特丹規則之適用範圍擴大到傳統海上運送階段以外之其他領域,包括與海上運送連接之陸上運送,鐵路、公路、內陸河道運送甚至航空運送都包括在內。 因此,為因應鹿特丹規則適用範圍之延伸,鹿特丹規則創設了「海運履行輔助人」制度,意指「凡從貨物到達裝載港至貨物離開卸載港期間履行或承諾履行運送人義務之履行輔助人」。內陸運送人僅在履行或承諾履行其完全在港區範圍內之服務時方為海運履行輔助人。海運履行輔助人一方面承擔鹿特丹規則中運送人之義務及賠償責任,另一方面則同時享有運送人之抗辯及賠償責任限制。 我國雖然尚未加入鹿特丹規則,但該規則已明確規定,只要海上貨物運送契約之裝、卸載港或收、交貨地所在國已經批准、接受或核准公約,抑或該當事人適用或援引該公約,則將使其他任一當事人,不論其所在國是否批准、接受或核准該公約,同樣受到鹿特丹規則之約束。因此,我國海商法未來之修正方向,應深入了解並正確把握鹿特丹規則之原則及要領,以維持我國海運在國際市場上之競爭力。
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海峽兩岸搜救合作機制研究 / A Study on the search and rescue cooperation mechanism of the cross-strait

胡森榮 Unknown Date (has links)
為維護海上人命、船舶及財產安全,各國均依「1982年聯合國海洋法公約」規定,建立區域搜救合作機制,並參考相關國際公約及搜救作業手冊,規範海上航行安全及緊急事故處理程序,惟因各國地理、水文及氣候不同,執行航行安全維護能力有限,皆必須透過多邊或雙邊搜救合作,強化區域航行安全,藉由搜救交流、兵棋推演或聯合演習等方式,提升彼此搜救合作默契及技能,以保障海上航行安全。 臺灣海峽自古以來即為東亞重要航道,兩岸航運亦自1987年開放兩岸探親,2001年金馬小三通,直至2008年正式海、空運直航以來,臺灣與大陸人民往來逐漸到達頂峰,而海難事故發生頻率亦不斷提高,藉此搜救合作契機在此為氛圍下形成,並在簽署「海峽兩岸海運協議」基礎上,透過輪流舉辦演練、搜救交流互訪及建立緊急聯繫管道等工作,逐步建立兩岸海上搜救合作機制,以「就近就便、及時救援」之原則,共同合作展現兩岸「人道救援」之普世價值。 在兩岸海上搜救合作機制下,兩岸搜救機關不斷共同執行海上搜救合作,增進彼此合作默契與搜救技能,但在兩岸分治的政治現實下,合作機制僅能透過民間團體的協助逐漸常態化,卻未能明文制度化,且隨著政治環境的轉變,搜救合作機制似有停頓,但海峽海域環境依然惡劣,往來人民持續熱絡,因此,為維護海峽航行安全,兩岸搜救機關仍應持續努力,共同完善合作機制,以確保兩岸人民生命財產安全。 / For the sake of maintaining people’s safety and property at sea, every coastal State establish the regional search and rescue (hereinafter SAR) cooperation mechanism in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982, and formulate the navigation safety rules and standard operation procedure of responding to the emergency cases at sea. Due to the discrepancy of geography, hydrology and climate as well as limited ability for maintaining the navigation safety among counties, every state shall enhance the regional navigational safety by lateral or multilateral cooperation in SAR exchange, table-top exercise and joint SAR drill to strengthen the SAR cooperation mechanism and technique in order to provide the safe environment for navigation. Taiwan Strait is the pivotal shipping route of Eastern Asia through the ages. The shipping of the cross-strait starts from visit relatives between both sides in 1987, and gradually increases after the transport links between the Kinmen, Matsu areas and the Mainland area in 2001. The air and sea transport between Taiwan and Mainland area begin in 2008, and the number of Taiwanese and Chinese travel between Taiwan and Mainland reaches the highest record which leads to the increasing disasters at sea. In order to respond to this situation, the cooperation between the cross-strait are needed and the SAR drills are held in turns and officials’ visiting as well as emergency communication channel in accordance with the Cross-Strait shipment agreement which came into effect in 2008. Those measures concrete the SAR cooperation mechanism of the cross-strait on the basis of saving life and property at sea promptly when one side is close or ready for it and demonstrate the common vision of humanitarian rescue. According to the cross-strait’s SAR cooperation mechanism, the rescue authorities of both sides conduct the SAR mutually to enhance the coordination and SAR skills for their work. However, due to the politic relationship of the cross strait, the cooperation is under the non-official channel. Since the political change with the new government in Taiwan, the cooperation between Taiwan and Mainland China is suspended. The Taiwan Strait is a high risk area for people of both sides. Furthermore, in order to provide the safe navigational area, the cross-strait SAR authorities shall continuously establish the cooperative mechanism to maintain the people’s safety and their property.

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