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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

知識翻新對國小四年級學生閱讀理解和寫作表現之影響 / Effects of knowledge building on elementary school students’ reading comprehension and writing performance

王靜華 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究探討電腦支援合作知識翻新(knowledge building)活動對國小四年級學童閱讀理解與寫作表現的影響。研究對象為新北市某公立國小的兩班學生共53人。其中,實驗組(n=25)採知識翻新活動﹔控制組(n=28)採傳統講述教學活動。研究方法採準實驗設計中的「不等組前後測設計」;在為期十八週的實驗期間進行前測、實驗處理及後測。   研究資料來源包含:(1)PIRLS閱讀測驗前後測成績;(2)教學科技平台討論內容;(3)教學科技平台活動參與量;(4)寫作表現分數;(5)實驗組與控制組學生的半結構訪談;以及(6)實驗組的段考學習成績。資料分析同時使用質性與量化兩種方式。質性分析內容包括半結構訪談與平台討論內容,量化資料分析內容包含閱讀測驗成績、平台活動參與程度、以及寫作表現分數。透過多元資料分析以瞭解經過不同教學方法後,兩組學生的閱讀理解與寫作表現上是否有所差異。   研究結果顯示:(1) 知識翻新有助於提升學生的整體閱讀理解,且使用知識論壇進行閱讀理解提問,也有助於提昇學生的提問能力;(2) 知識翻新有助於提升學生整體寫作表現,且知識論壇上的貼文與討論活動也有助於改善學生的寫作品質;(3) 知識翻新能幫助學生改進其想法概念,且實驗後期於知識論壇的活動量也有呈現增加的趨勢;及(4)經過知識翻新活動後,實驗組的低學業成就學生之閱讀理解表現優於控制組的低學業成就學生,但二組在寫作方面則無顯著差異。   本研究嘗試改變過去的學習模式,透過知識翻新:鼓勵學生產生並反思想法,讓學生的學習更具主動性;及鼓勵同儕間的互助與互動以改進閱讀想法,讓學生在閱讀理解與寫作表現的成效產生正向的成長。 / Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of knowledge building activities on grade-four students’ reading comprehension and writing performance. This study adopted a quasi-experimental design. In the experiment group, the participants were 25 grade-four students; in the control group, the participants were 28 grade-four students. The experiment class engaged in knowledge building and sustained ideational writing in order to enhance their writing performance (for 18 weeks). In contrast, the control group engaged in teacher-directed instruction. Data sources mainly came from: (1) pre-post PIRLS reading comprehension test; (2) students’ notes posted in Knowledge Forum; (3) students’ online discussion activities in Knowledge Forum, such as number of notes contributed, number of notes read, and number of notes built-on to other’s notes; (4) pre-post writing test; (5) semi-structured interview; and (6) student’ end-of-the-semester grades. To analyze, one-way ANCOVA, paired t-test and chi-square was employed to quantitatively examine students’ reading comprehension and writing test after the course. In addition, qualitative content analysis was also performed to evaluate the quality of students’ notes and to understand how students changed their views of ideas. The findings were as follows: (1) knowledge building pedagogy was conducive to enhancing students’ high-level reading comprehension and encouraging more in-depth questioning activities in Knowledge Forum; (2) after being engagaed in Knowledge building for a semester, students were able to demonstrate better writing performance, and more active discussion activities in the Knowledge Forum; (3) Knowledge building pedagogy changed students’ views of ideas and improved their idea generation capacity; and (4) Low achievers in the experiment group were able to demonstrate better reading comprehension than those in the control group. Overall, the findings suggested that knowledge building practice was able to help change the traditionally more authoritative and teacher-directed one-way instruction,   to an alternative, more student-centered, idea generation and improvement pedagogy, that helped students attain better reading comprehension and writing performance.
112

服務類型與知識轉換類型之關聯性研究—以中華民國對外貿易發展協會為例

朱中一, Chu, Chung-i Unknown Date (has links)
(一)本研究主要探討不同服務類型所需的知識管理模式,以中華民國對外貿易發展協會為例,針對不同服務性質所需搭配之知識管理活動為何? 本研究探討服務類型在不同之情形下如何呈現不同之知識管理主要活動: 1. 服務類型與對應之知識類型會產生不同的知識管理。 2. 服務類型與對應之知識處理系統會產生不同的知識管理。 3. 服務類型與對應之組織型態會產生不同的知識管理。 4. 服務類型與對應之組織技術類型會產生不同的知識管理。 (二)本研究探討之重點: 1. 服務業之本質特性與分類。 2. 知識管理之定義與流程。 3. 採用Alice Lam對知識型態與組織型態的分析。 4. 知識管理系統之兩大處理模式:例行及結構性資訊處理之知識管理及非例行性及非結構性感性決策之知識管理。 5. 組織設計的權變取向。 6. 組織結構型態及管理特色。 (三)本研究就服務類型進行分類定義,任何一種服務均可透過服務程序分類為專案服務、大量型服務、批量型服務及連續性服務等四大類型,而本研究針對知識管理主要活動乃以Nonaka之核心知識轉換共同化、外化、結合及內化等主要四種方式為探討之重心,其探討過程將以知識類型、知識處理程序、組織型態及組織技術類型等四大要素為說明影響知識管理主要活動的重要角色。 / This essay is mainly to study the different service needs of the specified organization structures, knowledge types, technical types and uses the appropriate type of knowledge transfer. This study includes the following topics: 1. Different service types to match specified knowledge types to create different types of knowledge management. 2. Different service types to match specified knowledge processing systems to create the different types of knowledge management. 3. Different service types to match organization structures to create the different types of knowledge management. 4. Different service types to match specified technical types to create the different types of knowledge management This essay classifies services according to service operating complexity and procedure. To make best use of knowledge management, this study attempts to establish the models of connecting classified services, organization structures, knowledge types, technical types involved in knowledge transfer.
113

高科技中小企業產品創新與知識管理之研究

徐健銘 Unknown Date (has links)
長久以來,推動臺灣經濟不斷成長的幕後英雄,正是占全部企業達九成七以上的中小企業,過去五十餘年來,中小企業在台灣經濟成長與產業發展過程中,無論在拓展對外貿易、增加國民所得、創造就業機會、或是促進社會安定等方面,一直扮演著極為的重要角色,大部分的大企業也都曾歷經由中小企業之草創時期,進而轉型、蛻變而成長為大型企業。儘管中小企業的重要性,但是有關的這方面的研究,尤其是對於高科技中小企業的產品與知識創新管理上,卻仍然不多。 本研究以個案訪談法為主要研究方式,主要訪問得獎過的、以及表現良好的6家台灣高科技中小企業。以『技術知識特質』與『中小企業特質』兩個構面來探索其對於『產品創新與知識管理』之影響。所得到的初步研究發現包括: 1. 高科技中小企業之研發創新的技術知識內隱程度會影響其產品創新與知識管理作為 技術知識內隱程度越高時:(1)外部知識吸收上越需透過人員密切互動來完成;(2)共同解決問題上越需透過更多的人員互動;(3)人員是重要的知識蓄積載體。 2. 高科技中小企業之研發創新的技術知識標準化程度會影響其產品創新與知識管理作為 技術知識標準化程度會影響組織進行知識吸收時的廣泛程度與吸收方式。技術知識標準化程度越低時:(1)組織內越需利用原型來溝通產品概念(2)開發團隊成員越傾向自行設計製作設備。 3. 高科技中小企業之研發創新的技術知識複雜程度會影響其產品創新與知識管理作為 技術知識複雜程度愈高:(1)知識吸收來源愈廣泛(2)成員多元化程度愈高(3)共同解決問題時越需要透過頻繁的溝通。 4. 高科技中小企業的特質會影響其產品創新與知識管理作為 高科技中小企業其正式化程度越高,越有助於知識的蓄積。而且,在創新研發專案的進行上,越高的研發人員自主性與企業主參與程度,越有助於產品創新與知識創新管理的成效。 本研究最後並提出對業界及後續研究者的建議。 / Topic: A Study on Product Innovation and Organizational Knowledge Management of High Technology Small Business Enterprise. Introduction: This study discussed how the characteristics of technological knowledge and the characteristics of Small business Enterprises influence the knowledge management, including input, adsorption and integration, storage, and circulation via New Product Development project in Taiwan high technology small business enterprise. Furthermore, the purpose of this study was to discuss the following topics: 1.What characteristics do the Taiwan SMEs have? 2.What characteristics of technological knowledge do the Taiwan high technology SMEs have? 3.How do the characteristics of technological knowledge influence the product innovation and knowledge management of high technology SMEs? Research Methodology: Very few studies about product innovations and knowledge management of high-tech SMEs have been completed. Therefore, this work is merely exploratory, making the use of a case study approach to enhance understanding appropriate (Yin, 1989). Research Findings: According to the analyses of six cases in Taiwan high-tech SMEs, the study has generated the following conclusions: 1.Tacitness of Technological Knowledge in high-tech SMEs’ innovation project can influence the product innovation and knowledge management. □ When the Characteristic of Technological Knowledge is more tacit , the organization’s knowledge absorption depends on more direct personnel interaction. □ When the Characteristic of Technological Knowledge is more tacit , the team members depend on more direct personnel interaction to solving the problem. □ When the Characteristic of Technological Knowledge is more tacit , the firm store its knowledge through documents; otherwise it will be stored through people. 2.The standardization of Technological Knowledge in high-tech SMEs’ innovation project can influence the product innovation and knowledge management. □ The standardization of technological knowledge can affect the input of knowledge. □ Standardization of Technological Knowledge can affect Technological Knowledge Creation. When Technological Knowledge Standardization is higher, RD team would communicate the concept and technology of products with the marketing standard. In opposition when Technological Knowledge Standardization is lower, RD team would communicate the concept and technology of products with the prototype. □ When Technological Knowledge Standardization is lower, RD team would tend to make the tool or instrument by themselves. 3.Complexity of Technological Knowledge in high-tech SMEs’ innovation project can influence the product innovation and knowledge management. □ The complexity of technological knowledge characteristics can affect the input of knowledge. If the complexity of technological knowledge is higher, the. □ The complexity of technological knowledge characteristics can affect the composition of team members. If the complexity of technological knowledge is higher, the complexity of members is higher. □ If the complexity of technological knowledge is higher, the team members depend on more direct personnel interaction and communication to solving the problem. 4.The Characteristics of Small business Enterprise can influence the product innovation and knowledge management. □ The higher formalization of high-tech SME , the more to be contributive in firm’s knowledge store. □ During the process of new product development, the more decision-making power which R&D member has and the entrepreneur participates in the project much , the more to be contributive to the effect of product innovation and knowledge management. Keywords: The Characteristics of Technological Knowledge、knowledge management、The Characteristics of Small business Enterprise、High-tech SMEs
114

證券業營業員知識管理之研究-以交叉行銷系統為例

賈中道, Alex Chia Unknown Date (has links)
論 文 摘 要 知識管理(Knowledge Management:KM)在近幾年來已經成為一個與企業管理及企業競爭力關係密切的議題。不少企業已經認知知識管理的重要。在知識的投資形成知識力量的呈現,所帶來的實質效益,長期來看必然超過投資有形資產的報酬。 證券業是個存在已久且產品變化速度最快的金融服務業,以協助一般大眾及法人企業進行財務投資為主要業務,接觸對象包含各種層面的客戶。證券公司的營業員則是協助客戶投資交易的主要窗口,其金融專業的素養影響證券公司對客戶的服務品質及公司的經營績效。 本研究針對證券業,來探討在營業員日常作業中,如何運用知識管理,來提昇競爭力及營業效益。特別是在進行交叉行銷的時候,資訊系統在需求、功能及架構上,如何應用知識管理中的知識產生、審核、蓄積、擴散、應用、回饋及創新,最後創造出實質的知識價值。 研究歸納出一個應用知識管理的交叉行銷系統,可以為證券業帶來穩定營業員及增加實質收益的效果。並以『統一塑模語言』(Unified Modeling Language , UML)的使用案例(Use Case Diagram & Use Case Document)、順序圖(Sequence Diagram)及類別圖(Class Diagram)來分析交叉行銷系統中三個最重要的使用案例(Use Case),分別是: 一、 成功銷售案例提案-知識的產生、蓄積及擴散。 二、 回報及交叉行銷-知識的運用及價值的創造。 三、 行銷追蹤-知識的回饋及創新。 本研究展現知識的運用,增強證券公司的競爭力,也創造實質的知識價值,相信也同樣能為其他產業帶來類似的效益。
115

以知識本體為基礎的壽險客服應用 / Ontology Based CRM for Life Insurance Company

簡月秀, Chien, Yueh-hsiu Unknown Date (has links)
依財政部保險司每半年對壽險申訴案件的統計觀察,客戶對壽險公司提出申訴的件數有逐年遞增的趨勢,申訴原因多為理賠給付、契約保全服務、業務員招攬、保費收費糾紛、商品條款及法規等爭議。客服員若能於第一時間以專業的知識回應申訴問題,勢必可減少申訴數量。但面對浩瀚的壽險各領域知識,客服中心的成員不易具備所有足以應付客戶問題的知識,實施知識管理將組織內各種知識公開化、標準化、制度化、科技化,已成為刻不容緩的任務。 為解決壽險客服中心因取得壽險專業知識的障礙而無法提供客戶滿意的服務,本研究對客服中心可能應用的各種知識,探討已被發表的知識管理分類、呈現與檢索等應用的相關技術,提出符合客服中心需求的以知識本體為基礎的壽險知識問題檢索架構,除了提供壽險專業知識的建立、搜尋、分享環境,並將原始文件儲存為XML或RDF的語意文件,做為將來跨平台與跨應用系統資料交換的基礎,提升客服中心服務效率、節省客服人力與行政成本,留住忠誠的客戶以達成CRM的目的,進而提升企業競爭力。 / According to the regular semi-annual statistic report from Insurance Department of MOF Taiwan, the complain cases from policy owners are increasing year by year. The reasons of complain are claims, underwriting, policy services, marketing, premium collections, policy clauses and regulations. If the customer service representatives (CSR) could solve the problems at the right time with their domain knowledge of life insurance, the volumes of complain should be descended explicitly. But it is hard to ask a CSR to play the role with variety domain knowledge of life insurance. Implement the knowledge management mechanism to standardize and enrich the organization memory are the first priority in life insurance companies. In order to overcome the barrier of dissatisfaction about customer service, this research try to study the related theories and technologies of knowledge classification, knowledge representation, knowledge acquisition tools, inference and problem solving methods. The results of this research announce an architecture of ontology based customer relationship management for Life Insurance Company to build, represent, search, and share the life insurance domain knowledge. Addition, to save the original semi-structured or unstructured documents into semantic formats of XML or RDF. It could provides the data exchange between heterogeneous databases and platforms. The advantages are more efficiency and cost down for the customer service departments, retain the royalty customers and get more competence advantage for the company.
116

我國遊戲軟體開發模式之知識創造與智慧財產權管理

張家祥 Unknown Date (has links)
由於遊戲市場競爭激烈,國內PC遊戲軟體的開發已由以往的只要數百萬元投資轉變成為動輒上千萬的支出,同時在產品種類繁多的情形下,業者為了凸顯自身的產品,必須花費更多的行銷費用。儘管政府提出兩兆雙星計畫,並於2002年5月13日通過「加強數位內容產業發展推動方案」,並訂定「數位內容產業及文化創意產業優惠貸款要點」,但實際施行時卻未能產生實際的效益,歸結其原因,主要係鑑價與金融機構對於遊戲軟體之特性與製作過程的不了解,故本研究欲以研究遊戲開發過程中之智慧財產權產生方式,並衡量各階段可產生之智慧財產權型式,以提供日後針對高度創意性產業其無形資產價值衡量之參考。 本研究主要的目的在藉由與遊戲軟體製作公司的訪談過程中,針對遊戲開發流程之探討,以了解各個遊戲開發流程中「技術知識特質」差異對「知識創造模式」所產生的影響,並藉由「知識創造模式」差異以探討其對「智慧財產權管理」所產生之影響。茲將所得到之研究發現分述如下。 一、國內各遊戲開發公司之製作流程皆十分相似,且認為遊戲之價值主要來自於概念產生的階段。 二、遊戲開發技術知識特質之內隱化程度、複雜程度及模組化程度,因遊戲開發階段的不同而有所差異。 隨遊戲開發流程的進行,技術知識之內隱程度高逐漸轉降低、模組化程度隨之增加、複雜程度隨之降低。 三、遊戲開發過程中,技術知識特質對知識創造之共同解決問題模式會有所影響。 技術知識內隱性程度較高時,以原型作為溝通媒介的情況較為顯著,且專案成員間的溝通較為頻繁。技術知識複雜程度較高時,溝通模式上較強調T型技巧員工、建設性的意見與目標一致。技術知識模組化程度較低時,以原型作為溝通媒介的情況較為顯著。 四、遊戲開發過程中,技術知識特質對知識創造之執行與整合新技術程序及工具會有所影響。 技術知識內隱性程度較高,引進新技術及工具時,主要係以溝通其概念與可行性為主;反之,若內隱性較低時,主要係以討論該技術實際該如何執行。技術知識之複雜度較高時,新技術知識來源多元性較高,在溝通新技術知識時,亦比較需要與該技術來源互動。 五、遊戲開發流程中,技術知識特質之內隱程度,會影響知識創造活動中之實驗與原型試製。 六、國內遊戲軟體公司於遊戲開發過程中,認為商標權、著作權及營業秘密為較可能利用之保護形式。 專利權為較不可行的保護型式,導因於公開制度及遊戲軟體產品生命週期較短的限制。 七、遊戲開發過程中,其智慧財產權保護標的型式,由多樣性與複雜性逐漸轉變為單一或特殊功能與較明確的產出。 八、遊戲開發過程中,知識創造模式對智慧財產權保護標的型式會有所影響。 遊戲開發過程中,各階段技術知識特質透過知識創造模式,對智慧財產權保護標的型式會有所影響。 九、遊戲開發過程中所產生之智慧財產權,主要以內部使用及外部授權的方式加值。 但遊戲開發過程中所產生之智慧財產權,於著作權及商標權對外授權之型式與收入仍顯不足。 十、國內各遊戲製作公司,於企業內智財管理制度,仍有所改進的空間。
117

知識經濟對我國勞動法制之衝擊 / The Impact of the Knowledge Economy on the Labour Law in Taiwan

蘇志明, SU, CHIH-MING Unknown Date (has links)
產業結構轉變,使得勞動保護法原所預想的勞工圖像造成變化, 及該保護設計漸不相吻合。知識經濟對於產業勞動關係之影響,產 生如行、職業分類標準,勞動基準法一體適用性,勞動關係從屬性 等衝擊;工作時間彈性化,工作壓力與工作滿足,工會發展之衝擊, 移動自由引起之問題等議題。今日,於知識工作者之定義仍眾說分 歧下,筆者從現行職場已出現非典型之勞動者這一塊,探究該知識工作者其勞動法制面如何因應,然為使焦點集中,故以個別勞動關係、集體個別勞動關係、工作環境權等勞動法制為核心進行探討。 就知識經濟下及多元社會發展下,立法者未來對於該勞動法制 之釐訂,或更須多加審視立法對象之個別情形。知識經濟下,非典 型勞動者中,知識工作者之工作型態已不同以往,由於其工作投入 源自於智力,完成工作之時間,已非傳統之計算方式可加以適用。 因此,管理者對於該知識工作者,已有對其工作時間採彈性規定, 對其工作成果採責任制導向等。故於時間規範,宜由勞資雙方自行協商。於勞工職業安全方面,知識工作者可能因工作產生精神壓力並造成心理方面之疾病,對此,國際組織及我國主管機關未來對於此種新興疾病,除瞭解其形成原因外,更須加以有效防範與採取解決之道,以謀勞動者之心理健康。 關於知識工作者其團體勞動意識之凝聚力如何加強的問題,或 應先探究勞動者成立工會之主要本質,即其須有明確之團體利益導向。因此,該組織之各知識工作者,因某事件而形成明確團體利益之意識下,則工會組織才會對其發揮作用,接續談及的團體協商、 爭議權之行使才有意義。而對於無工會之企業,應強調該企業健全 人力資源發展之重要,因為在人力資源發展良好的企業裡,其相對 會為員工設立健全內部申訴管道,如此或應可相當地解決員工之困 擾,消弭問題之滋衍。對於知識工作者因移動自由,不管是人權、團體勞動權利,皆有可類推適用之保障規範,然當該知識工作者因涉及涉外要素之民事事件時,則產生國際裁判管轄權之問題。而按法律行為發生涉外關係時,有關當事人自主原則,此時應判定其為「國際私法之當事人意思自主原則」,抑或「實體法上之當事人意思自主原則」,因為適時區別對該知識工作者權益會有所助益。 關鍵字:知識經濟、勞動關係、知識工作者、非典型勞動者 / Abstract Because of industrial structure transformation, it causes to change that the laborer image which the labour protection law originally expected to, and then the protection design gradually does not tally. Knowledge economy has its influence regarding industrial labour relations on the impacts of the occupation classification standard, labour standards law applying to all, the subservience of labour relations, and so on; the issues of the working time flexibly, working pressure and work satisfies, the impact of the trade union development, the causing problems of moving freely, etc. Nowadays, there are still different definitions to the knowledge workers, the author inquires into the labour laws how to built in about the knowledge workers that belong to the non-typical labours from the present duty field, however, for the point to be centralized, I focus on the individual labor relations, collective individual labor relations, and working environment rights, etc. Under the knowledge economy and a great diversity of social development, the legislators designing the labour laws in the future have to carefully examine the legislation object about the individual situation. On the knowledge economy,for the knowledge workers of non- typical workers, their working patterns have been differently than ever, as a result of their work investment source from to intelligence, the time about completing the work, it is not suitable for computing by traditional mode. Regarding this kind of knowledge workers, superintendents take flexible working time, pick the responsibility system guidance to their work achievement, etc. So to the code of conduct about time standard, it suitably voluntarily consults by labor both sides. To labour professional safety aspect, the knowledge workers possibly have the spiritual pressure and creating the psychological disease, the International organization and the government in Taiwan for this kind of emerging disease in the future, should understand its the reason of forming, also have to perform effectively and adopt ways of the solution, and seek for psychologically healthy of the workers. The question about the cohesive force of association consciousness for the knowledge workers how to strengthen , perhaps we should first inquire into the main essence about the labours why they set up the trade union, namely they must have the association benefit guidance. Therefore, the organization of various knowledge workers forms the association benefit consciousness under some event, then the labor union can display its function, continues the association which refers to consult, the dispute power enable significance. But regarding the enterprise that has no trade union founded, it should emphasize the sound human resources development, because of doing so, it relatively can set up the perfect internal appeal pipeline for the staff, and perhaps be possible to solve staff puzzle , extinguishes the question to incite spreads out. Regarding the moving freedom of knowledge workers, no matter what the human rights, the association right to labour, All the knowledge workers could be suitable the safeguard standards, however, when they involve in the foreign affairs about the essential factor of the civil event, thus causing the question of the international umpire jurisdiction. But according to the legal act which touches on foreign affairs, concerned independent principle of litigant, this should determine it is “The meaning independent principle of Litigant at the international private law”, or “In substantive law, the meaning independent principle of litigant”, for it is helpful to distinguish them at the right moment for these knowledge workers’rights. Keywords:Knowledge economy, Labour Relations, Knowledge worker, Non- typical worker
118

利用知識管理蓄積智慧資本-以以筆記型電腦廠商之工業設計部門為例 / The Research of applying knowledge management to increase intellectual capital: an illustration of notebook companies’ ID center

賀楚芬, Ho, Chu Fen Unknown Date (has links)
本研究欲藉由瞭解筆記型電腦產業的工業設計部門對知識管理理論的認識程度,企業內部對知識管理活動的實行規劃與具體落實內容以及其智慧資本的呈現態樣,進一步分析企業是否能夠藉由推行知識管理來正向增加企業的智慧資本與市場價值,以說明知識管理與智慧資本兩者的關係。 在現今的企業組織與產業環境當中,知識管理理論已經廣為企業所採納,更對企業應累積與強化其自身的智慧資本有所體認。企業若能透過推行「知識管理」,將內部細微繁雜的資訊、知識、經驗流程與作業活動透過機制保存並且進行流通與應用,將會對企業的運作效率以及創新能力有所幫助。尤其是本研究之研究對象-筆記型電腦廠商的工業設計部門,更是需要知識創新以及知識運用,以增強其設計能力以及創新能力。在筆記型電腦的產業競爭激烈,產品趨向同質化、標準化、與微毛利化,唯有透過優異的工業設計創新能力,結合生活美學、歷史文化、藝術、情緒感受以及使用者的新奇經驗等,才能創造差異,為產品賦予新的價值,另闢企業經營與產品競爭的新藍海。 本研究首先透過對過去專家學者所提出的文獻做探討,歸納出知識管理以及智慧資本的理論定義與兩者之間的關係。總結文獻探討所知,本研究認為智慧資本是知識管理活動的另一種報導模式,有助於知識管理成效之衡量,而知識管理活動則是活化知識、激發創新來增加智慧資本的重要方式。組織部門的智慧資本存量與發展重心會影響知識管理活動的內容與推行方式。而知識管理活動的推行越活絡,成效越好,智慧資本的內涵則越豐富。 而後將由文獻探討所建立之理論架構於筆記型電腦產業的實務運作環境中進行驗證。本研究於產業中挑選四家筆記型電腦廠商之工業設計部門,個別就其智慧資本存量以及在其組織中進行的知識管理活動進行個案研究,以呈現產業界的真實活動與完整的事實描述,並以知識管理與智慧資本的組成構面做跨個案的分析與比較。 總結文獻探討以及個案訪談與分析的結果,本研究之研究結論與建議如下: 一、筆記型電腦的工業設計部門能夠以知識管理活動累積智慧資本;部門內知識管理活動越豐富,對智慧資本累積也會有正向的影響。 二、智慧資本理論可以做為企業組織推行知識管理的參考架構。知識管理活動的內容可以根據企業組織智慧資本發展的重點進行規劃。 三、筆記型電腦廠商的產業定位與策略目標會直接影響工業設計部門智慧資本發展目標,進而影響知識管理活動的內容。 四、企業組織能夠透過知識管理增加其智慧資本,同時輔以智慧資本內涵的衡量系統,能夠瞭解知識管理活動推行之成效。但其價值較難以利用量化的財務性指標做評量。 五、企業組織或部門在導入知識管理,進行知識管理活動的同時,其本身也是一種知識創新。 六、本研究建議企業從管理階層到一般業務階層,都應加強知識管理與智慧資本理論的推廣與應用,以提升企業與組織知識含量以及知識創新能力。 七、建議先以單一部門試行的方式,推行知識管理活動與智慧資本衡量,之後再推行到事業單位而至企業整體。 八、建議在衡量企業的創新資本時,可先以智慧財產為財務性指標,反映於財務報表當中,可鼓勵部門為追求財務績效表現,而有積極創新的動力。 九、筆記型電腦廠商在產品設計時,第一步要做的是預防侵權,同時在追求智慧財產的數量之外,還要思考智慧財產的品質與管理,如授權交易與合作等。 十、關於後續研究之方向,建議可以針對組織內產生智慧資本後,是否有新的商業模式,能夠將組織內累積的無形資產與智慧資本做更廣泛的商業利用,如做為交易的標的進行利潤創造。另外有關利用創新成果以新的商業交易模式創造現金流的想法,則建議針對在科技產品的工業設計中,除了材質創新以及機電整合的技術創新可以具體的成為智慧財產進行交易授權之外,關於設計美學呈現「Fine Art」也應該積極思考授權交易的可能性以及實行模式。 / The main purpose of this research is to discuss the relation between “Knowledge Management” and “Intellectual Capital” both in theory side and practical side in real business entities, enterprises, independent departments, or small organizations. By taking the Industrial Design departments for examples, this research is going to describe and define the different application plans and specific activities of Knowledge Management, and also present the stock and developing track of Intellectual Capital in the study cases, so as to infer that if enterprises can enhance their Intellectual Capital via applying Knowledge Management or not. In nowadays, the Knowledge Management theory is adopted generally by many enterprises. They also realize the importance of accumulating the Intellectual Capital; it will be a key way to enhance their organization value and external competence. By applying Knowledge Management, enterprise can build up a practicable mechanism to store, file, consolidate their multifarious knowledge, including subtle data, information, know-how, experience, operation process for transferring and using, and it will be very helpful to elevate the operation efficiency and the ability of innovation. First, learning from the current Knowledge Management and Intellectual Capital literatures and papers of many experts and scholars, this research generalize that Knowledge Management and Intellectual Capital is positive related. Intellectual Capital is a useful measure system to reveal the results and effects of Knowledge Management plan and activities. On the other hand, Knowledge Management is also an important method to activate internal knowledge content to encourage creation and innovation. However, for companies, organizations or departments, the Intellectual Capital focus and current stock will influence their Knowledge Management activity contents and implementation method. The more various activities to follow, the better quality and value of Intellectual Capital. After constructing a theory hypothesis frame from literature studying, this research is going to apply the theory hypothesis into practical circumstances in ID departments of four Notebook companies, and tries to find out then summarize their daily operations, which are regard as the activities of Knowledge Management and the Intellectual Capital. According to the case study findings, this research can describe the actual operations and daily works of each ID department, so as to analyze the relevance between Intellectual Capital stock and the Knowledge Management activities with theories structure separately, also the cross cases comparison to verify the generality in actual industry. Summarize the results of literature study and specific case study, this research have the conclusion and recommendations as follow: 1. The ID department or ID center of NB companies are able to accumulate their Intellectual Capital via Knowledge Management activities; the more Knowledge Management activities, the more stock and better quality of Intellectual Capital. 2. Enterprises can take Intellectual Capital theory structure as a reference for Knowledge Management implementation. The content and detail items of these activities can be planed to focus on key elements of Intellectual Capital development. 3. Different industry position in value chain and strategy target will affect ID centers’ goal of Intellectual Capital development directly, then also affect the content of Knowledge Management Plan. 4. Enterprises or business organizations can increase their Intellectual Capital with Knowledge Management; also, by Intellectual Capital measure system, they also can understand the performance and influence of their Knowledge Management plan and activities. However, the created value for the organizations is difficult to measure with quantifiable financial index. 5. For enterprise and organizations, when they are implementing the Knowledge Management plan and activities, they modify the proper method to make it more smooth and inefficient; it is also creating precious knowledge so call knowledge innovation at the same time. 6. This research suggests that the enterprises and organization could pay more attention and resource to popularize the Knowledge Management and Intellectual Capital theory, so as to raise the internal knowledge base and innovation ability. 7. Following the suggestion above, companies can start Knowledge Management and Intellectual Capital measurement from small independent departments or teams first, then apply the successful experience and know how to whole business unit and whole company afterward. 8. For innovation capital measuring, departments or organizations could use the intellectual property to be a kind of financial index to reflect the profit value and contribution in financial statements. It could be realistic method to encourage the organization members have more motivation of innovation and creation for better financial performance. 9. For Product design of laptops, the first and most important step is to prevent Intellectual Property infringement, and the next step is to develop the quantity of intellectual property like patents. Besides, companies also need to pay more attention on the intellectual quality control and management, such as technology license and cooperation and so forth. 10. As for future deep going researches, there are two possible directions to follow. First, it is important to develop New business models so as to help companies and organizations to use or apply their intangible assets and Intellectual Capital in business operation extensively, not only increase the operating efficiency but also make more cash flow and actual profit. Second, we could derive more thoughts for intellectual property licensing. During the industrial design process of high-tech products, we should think the possibility to find more licensing targets like “Fine Art Design,” but not limit to the new material application or the technology integration for ME and EE. From the other side, we are also supposed to come up a practical model for Fine Art licensing to facilitate the real business trading and profit creating. Key words: Knowledge Management, Knowledge creation, Knowledge innovation, Intellectual Capital, Intangible assets.
119

休閒健身產業團體課程知識擴散模式之研究-以Les Mills Body Training System為例

劉恆銘 Unknown Date (has links)
由於國民生活水準不斷的提升,健康與體適能(Health and Fitness)受到社會大眾的關切,成為人人共同追求目標,休閒健身產業也隨之興盛。休閒健身產業發展與一個國家經濟規模有相當密切的關係,因此歐、美、澳洲的休閒健身產業向來是領導全球風潮,日本則是居亞洲領導地位。根據IHRSA國際健康及運動俱樂部協會(International Health, Racquet & Sportsclub Association)2004年的資料顯示,全世界加入健身俱樂部的人口也越來越多,起因於1970年代時體適能風潮(Fitness Boom)的產生。我國休閒健身產業規模雖然在歐美、日本等先進國家之後,但近年來受地球村趨勢帶動資訊大量引入,在國內亦有相同的情形,標榜健康體適能的健身俱樂部在這幾年來蓬勃發展,休閒健身產業的型態逐漸建立,知名健身俱樂部都有固定的參與會員,在激烈的擴張與競爭之下,形成對專業管理人員、服務人員與運動課程指導員的大量需求。 在知識密集產業中,以專業能力從業的工作人員,即為『知識工作者』(Drucker,1997)。在迅速擴張的休閒健身產業中,人才的專業性與信賴度逐漸提高,運動指導員即扮演著知識工作者的角色;其中,需要擁有專業訓練與不斷更新教學內容的『團體指導員』 (Group Instructor),更是必須要常態地運用教學技巧與專長知識,直接面對多數的學生或會員(社會大眾的參與者)。 面對求新求變的產業環境,必須不斷學習專業技能與個人特色,然而這種無法現學即用的知識,即為Michael Polanyi(1966)所提出的『內隱知識』,是難以形式化和言語溝通的,也無法透過短時間的學習就可以立竿見影。團體課程搭配音樂與固定動作的套裝教學,則是以『外顯知識』的教學轉化成課程學生容易學習的方式。Nonaka & Takeuchi(1995)則提出『知識的轉換』(knowledge conversion)之SECI 模式,藉由內隱與外顯知識間的相互轉換,來達到個人與組織知識的創造與動態增長,將知識有效地擴散到各個層次。 若組織成員能妥善創造、移轉並應用組織內部關鍵且獨特的知識,將是組織獲得競爭優勢,維持競爭力的關鍵因素。因此如何讓組織內各個成員願意分享知識,知識管理的機制與組織提供適合的環境就是非常必要的;如同整個休閒健身產業的環境對團體指導員的友善程度,以及健身俱樂部提供足夠的資源給團體指導員,包括在口頭上與行動上的支持與獎勵制度。若組織內擁有許多有助於知識擴散的管道,在知識流動過程中也能帶來知識增值的效果。 本研究選擇全世界團體健身課程中推廣成效最顯著的Les Mills Body Training System教學系統,來探討在休閒健身產業中知識擴散的過程與應用。藉由系統化教學流程與完整的人才培訓制度,以及授權俱樂部的管理機制並搭配行銷活動,探討內隱和外顯知識在個人與組織之間擴散的流程,可供休閒健身產業中如何管理訓練運動指導員之參考;亦可歸納到個人知識工作者於組織中進行知識創造與擴散方式,並產生新的綜效與價值。本研究的結論如下: 一、知識工作者透過學習與分享的方式來厚植本身的知識和技能,而組織則建構良好的培訓流程,讓員工的知識得以增長並認同組織文化,促進員工的學習動機和工作熱忱。 二、在休閒健身產業中,知識工作者可根據工作範圍內知識擴散的來源與對象,而從事不同的知識工作。 三、團體課程利用成套編排的外化方式,將組織創造的知識具體化表現出來,並申請智慧財產權得到必要的保護,透過授權與網路連結的方式有效利用與流通知識,達到跨組織的知識擴散。 四、組織透過個人、群組和組織之間的知識擴散,連結知識網絡來形成知識擴散的螺旋,進而創造、累積、活用知識資產。 五、組織提供適當的知識創新環境與知識流通空間,藉由個人或群組的意見回饋來提升員工與組織的創造力。
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知識管理在公部門應用之研究-以電子化政府為例

林美良 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著科技昌明、資訊技術一日千里,電子化政府在網際網路與全球化風潮的推波助瀾下應蘊而生。而隨著資訊時代的來臨,知識在質與量的變化更是倍數成長,隨著網路四處流竄,形同資訊垃圾堆積如山,如何有效的管理知識,成為新一代政府再造策略的課題,更為e時代新一波的管理趨勢。 公部門如何導入「知識管理」?本研究以三大策略建構理論基礎,即「管理策略」、「資訊科技策略」與「執行策略」,並以「電子化政府」作為研究個案,分析其在三大策略架構下的實務見解,並以結構性訪談所獲取的資料補理論之不足。 最後研究結論提出的建言是,可分從「人員」、「科技」與「流程」進行知識管理計畫的推動的三大方向,並與三大策略「管理策略」、「資訊科技策略」與「執行策略」相互呼應。提出十大要件,在「人員」方面:設立知識執行長、知識經理人與尋求知識公務員;在「科技」方面:建立知識庫、設置交流網站及安全服務體系;在「流程」方面:清楚的願景與共同語言的建立、知識加值激勵機制的建立、知識分享多元管道建立及評鑑制度的落實等。 總之,電子化政府要落實知識管理,從理論或實務的探究中可發現兩者之間願景、目的、策略等皆密不可分,甚至相輔相成,因此其步調應是一致的,其成就自然可互相輝映。本研究最後建議是希望後起之秀能針對機構間,無論是公私部門間或公部門間,進行績效指標建立與比較,兼取質化與量化研究之精髓,以利強化知識管理成效之評估與深化度理論或實務之建立。

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