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對等線理論應用在規模經濟研究之應用- 以彈性製造系統為例房孝如, FENG, XIAO-RU Unknown Date (has links)
彈性製造系統(FMS )的目的,在使得以往高成本、低生產力之小量批次生產方式,
得以變得更經濟、更有效率。它包含了自動搬運系統、機械臂、數值控制機器及橧級
式的電腦控制系統等,因此就公司立場而言,彈性製造系統的構建,不僅是一項重大
的資本支出,同時也有其策略性涵意,因為它使得在不損及產品品質的情況下,低成
本的競爭方式變得更有可能。因此本研究乃由規模經濟的觀點探討彈性製造系統的引
進時機,並以模擬的方式做為衡量彈性製造系統產出積效的基礎。全文共分五章:第
一章緒論:包含有研究問題、研究意義及其限制。
第二章文獻探討:對以往有關規模經濟及彈性製造系統之研究,作一系統式的回顧。
第三章研究方法:以過去之研究做為理基礎,據以提出本研究之架構。包括有輸入、
輸出變項,及其間之處理原則與假設。
第四章模式使用範例:以一假想公司情況,代入模擬模式評估其績效,並以等候線理
論求得其規模經濟量,做為公司決策時之參考依據。
第五章:結論與建議:對於本研究之重要發現提出綜合說明,並對後續研究方向提出
建議。
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我國營建業損益取決問題之研究紀敏琮, JI, MIN-CONG Unknown Date (has links)
台灣地小人稠,促使近十幾年來房屋建築投資事業(營建業)蓬勃的發展。由於營建
業需要大量的資金,工程又常跨越數個會計期間,使其經營型態及會計問題,與其他
行業相較,顯得較為特殊。
企業報導損益的目的在於衡量經營績效,預測未來所得流量及作為決策之參考。基於
營建業會計問題的特殊性,如何正確的報導其損益,以達到上述目的,是為本文研究
的方向。本文計分六章二十二節,針對營建業損益取決的理論及其實務應用上之問題
加以研究分析,並就研究結果提出建議,冀望有助於我國營建業之損益報導功能。
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航運業損益衡量與表達之研究胡清山, HU, GING-SHAN Unknown Date (has links)
會計是對經濟資訊的認定,衡量與溝通的程序,其功能在提供有關經濟個體之財務資
訊,以便使用人藉此資訊在各種行動方案中作審慎的判斷與決策,此項定義強調會計
活動本身僅是一種手段而非目的。
現代企業的經營,莫不以追求最大利潤為目標,就有關營運之收益與成本的衡量與認
定過程詳加研究,藉「成本與收益配合原則」及「收益實現原則」之引用,我們即可
決定一期間之損益。
臺灣地區經濟發展係以對外貿易為導向,不論進口工業原料或輸出農工產品,依據海
關統計資料顯示,百分之九十以上係經由海洋運輸,由此可見海運事業發展對臺灣地
區進出口貿易影響之大,欲使對外貿易順利發展,運輸管道不受制於人,我國確實需
要發展自有的運輸船隊,而龐大船隊的建立與長存,必須以合理的利潤為基礎,亦惟
有「透過會計,加強管理。」,詳細計算航運收益與成本,才能獲得確實的財務資訊
,提供作為發展航運業決策的重要參考。
由於航運收益與成本金額均非常龐大,對於財務報表日航行中貨運的損益認定方法不
同,財務報表結果便會有重大差異,本文就航運界是否可採航程百分比法承認收益,
亦探討其可行性。
本論文共一冊,六萬餘字,分為六章二十三節。
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臺灣企業兢爭條件衡量方法之研究黃上晉, Huang, Shang-Jin Unknown Date (has links)
第一章為導論部份。說明本研究之目的與動機,以及相關理論之文獻探討。
第二章為研究架構與研究方法。說明本研究之架構、作法、抽樣方法、資料處理方式
與本研究之限制。
第中章為產業競爭條件與績效之關係。說明產業競爭條件的各個層面與績效之間的相
關程度。
第四章為企業之競爭條件與績效之關係。說明企業在產業中之相對競爭條件與其相對
績效之間的相關程度。
第五章為結論與建議。說明本研究所得到之主要結論,以及對企業界之建議事項。
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經濟發展中的金融結構之研究辜婉芳, Gu, Wan-Fang Unknown Date (has links)
本文旨在探討經濟發展過程中,金融結構的特質,衡量方法及其決定因素。並利用若
干開發中國家的資料,從橫斷面及時間序列,作一些實證的分析。
本文共分五章,於第二章討論金融結構的意義,衡量方法,及其決定因素,第三章則
利用各國實際資料,對各國金融結構,以及其與各經濟部門的關係,作實證分析,依
實證結果,於第四章檢討各國金融結構的特質與其轉變,作一結論。
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會計理論的數學方法研究王宗雲, Wang, Zong-Yun Unknown Date (has links)
首先,第一章談及本論文著作之動機、目的、研究範圍、研究方法及限制。並在本章
內談及本篇論文之結構。
第二章開始論文有關本文之基本假設及概念,先從會計的定義開始,再論所得財富及
雙式原則,最後建立十八個會計假設。
第三章以集合的方法來定義會計理論。並建立一些定理加以證明、解說。
第四章討論會計的衡量理論,以數學方法加以解釋並推論,最後設定一些會計衡量的
公設及原理。
第五章結論及建議。
第五章結論及建議。
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以平衡計分卡推動公部門組織策略性績效衡量制度之探討—以國立中正文化中心為例羅煜翔 Unknown Date (has links)
組織績效衡量長久以來便是學者關注的議題,特別是在擁有公權力的政府組織中;而如何透過績效衡量制度的輔助,使組織得以有效使用人力資源,並引導其朝向組織使命、策略目標邁進,即成為策略性績效衡量制度的核心課題。
本研究以針對國立中正文化中心之個案研究為主體,分析其組織特性後,首先探討現行績效衡量制度所遭遇之問題;次而以平衡計分卡概念設計其策略目標及績效衡量指標;最後則透過問卷調查檢測組織內不同部門別、身份別成員對各績效指標重要性程度認知是否有差異,並據以提出對整體制度設計之建議。
研究結果顯示,個案組織現有績效衡量制度,係散見於各項法令規定,其主要目的仍為消極地符合規定,無法有效激勵員工達成組織願景與目標。故建議個案組織可依平衡計分卡策略地圖之概念,按組織之使命、策略,建構出包含財務性及非財務性(含顧客、內部流程、學習成長等三項構面)之策略目標及績效指標,並透過績效責任劃分、貢獻度評比分別與組室、個人績效衡量制度相連結。此外,根據問卷結果分析發現,員工服務單位的不同及所屬身份別的不同的確會影響對於績效重要性的認知,且後勤單位及公務人員對組織績效與策略之重視不足將會造成組織與個人目標不一致(goal incongruence)之反功能現象,亟待改善。 / Performance measurement has been an important topic in academic research, particularly in the study of governmental organizations with which ultimate authority over public resources lies. How to achieve a more efficient use of resources and guide the organization towards its goals and vision has become one of the main subjects within the discussion of performance measurement.
This research was based on a case study of the National CKS Culture Center, with a focus on the subject’s unique characteristics. First we examine the problems the organization encountered under the current performance measurement program. Then, a complete setting of new strategic goals and performance measurement indicators based on the balanced scorecard approach was proposed. The third part of this study reported the results of a survey, in which members of the subject organization from different departments and positions were asked to rate the significance of various performance indicators. Suggestions on the overall performance measurement system of National CKS Culture Center were presented at the end.
Our findings showed that the current performance measurement system was simply a combination of rules extracted from various legislations, and the organization goal for most employees was to passively follow these regulations. We suggested that the organization should follow the strategy map approach, and set performance measurement indicators according to the organization’s mission and strategy. Both financial and non-financial indicators (consisting of different perspectives such as customer, internal process and learning & growth)should be incorporated into the system, including the measurement of department and personal performance. The survey also revealed that the difference in department and position strongly effected how an employee viewed the importance of different performance measurement indicators. The lack of interest and saliency on these measurements from the supporting personnel and civil servants would result in goal incongruence between the organization and individuals, which would cause negative impact on the organization as a whole.
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以類神經網路輔助投資組合保險策略之研究陳如玲, CHEN, JU-Ling Unknown Date (has links)
面對市場未來趨勢的不確定性,投資者可以運用「投資組合保險」的概念,既能保障原本所投資的資產價值,又可以參與市場上漲時的獲利。本研究以類神經網路來研究證券市場的現象,一方面是已經有許多類神經網路在財務分析上的研究成果,另一方面是其具有學習以及預測的能力。
本研究首先探討投資組合保險策略,接著再比較投資組合保險策略在不同市況下的績效表現,隨後提出兩個階段的研究架構,經過設計與建置,以類神經網路模型進行對大盤未來漲跌型態的模擬預測,並利用預測的結果,輔助投資組合保險策略的決策,最後並將研究結果與大盤績效做綜合分析比較。
本研究的資料採取自台灣證券集中交易市場,期間為1991年1月3日至2002年12月31日,共3306個交易日,取大盤每日交易之歷史資料,經過處理後建立資料庫。類神經網路模型具有預測未來大盤漲跌區間的能力,在本研究所提出的漲跌區間劃分方式上,其預測正確率達到55%,預測的結果與實際漲跌完全相反的比例僅10%,其餘的35%為相鄰區間的預測誤差,其預測能力有助於投資組合保險策略的進行。
經過類神經網路模型輔助而進行的停損策略(SL),其年報酬率以及Sharpe Ratio,在大盤下跌的期間,兩個績效指標衡量結果皆為正值(21.125%>0以及980.493>0),充分發揮保險功能;而在大盤上漲的期間,兩個績效指標衡量結果皆優於大盤(46.544%>17.137%以及393.808>110.069)。
在年報酬率與Sharpe Ratio之間,本研究主張在探討投資組合保險時應著重風險的衡量,因此經過類神經網路模型輔助而進行的固定比例投資組合策略(CPPI),搭配槓桿乘數M值的調整,在大盤下跌的期間,其Sharpe Ratio依然可以維持正值,達到保險的效果,保護投資人的資產免於損失;而在大盤上漲的期間,其Sharpe Ratio更是高於大盤,可以享受資產價值提昇的獲利。 / Facing the uncertainty of the market trend, an investor can use the concept of “ Portfolio Insurance ” to protect the value of his portfolio in bear market and earn the benefit from bull market. There have been many researches about applying Neural Network in the financial analysis and Neural Network has the abilities to learn and forecast.
This research evaluates the performances of the portfolio insurance strategies in different market trends. Then two-stage research structure has been designed and built. The first stage is forecasting the up-and-down trends of the equity market index by Neural network model. The second stage is using the forecasted results assisting the portfolio insurance decisions. Finally, the results of this research have been analyzed and compared with the benchmark.
The Neural Network is able to forecast the future up-and-down trends. The accurate rate is 55%. During the bear market(2002), the annual rate of return and Sharpe Ratio of the stop loss(SL) strategy which is assisted by NN are both positive(21.125%>0 and 980.493>0). During the bull market(2001), they both outperform the benchmark(46.544%>17.137% and 393.808>110.069).
The annual rate of return is more important than Sharpe Ratio because the risk measurement is an important factor in portfolio insurance strategy. Sharpe Ratios of the CPPI strategy which is assisted by NN outperform the benchmark in both above mentioned bear and bull market.
In short, the SL and CPPI strategy assisted by NN not only protect the value of the portfolio from losing in bear market but also gain profit in bull market, so they are the ideal portfolio insurance strategies.
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建構一個供應鏈資訊分享機制:不確定構念之發展及虛擬整合之應用 / Forming an Information Sharing Mechanism in Supply Chains: A Development of Uncertainty Constructs and Application to Virtual Integration戴逸民, Tai, Yi-Ming Unknown Date (has links)
供應鏈的運作過程包含一系列的價值創造活動,這些活動乃是由許多不同的組織所負責執行,且每個活動之間存在相互影響的關係。在這一牽涉跨組織合作的價值網絡中,所遭遇的困難主要是來自跨組織互動過程中所隱藏的不確定問題,而這些問題的產生主要導因於供應鏈夥伴間的活動缺乏調和。針對供應鏈分散管控結構所衍生出的問題,近年來以資訊科技為基礎的跨組織系統 (inter-organizational system, IOS)提供了有效的解決方案。此IOS的形成,主要是認為透過IOS的應用,供應鏈組織可藉由跨組織資訊分享的力量來改善夥伴間的協調以及資源整合。而此意謂IOS的效益產生端賴系統內建的資訊分享機制能相容於供應鏈結構特徵,並能有效協助組織來因應所面臨的不確定問題。是以,建立一個相容於環境的資訊分享機制是配置IOS解決方案過程的重要關鍵,且對於供應鏈不確定的診斷在資訊分享機制規劃過程有其重要性存在。
對於供應鏈不確定問題的診斷是一極為複雜且具挑戰的任務,其須要透過一結構化的框架來協助分析夥伴間錯綜複雜的互動行為過程所隱藏的不確定因素。因此,本研究乃採用結構化的方法來製作一符合統計效度的不確定因素衡量量表,並以此量表為工具透過個案研究的方法來探索收斂組裝型供應鏈,這一特定型態供應鏈所面臨的不確定問題。在了解供應鏈所面臨的不確定問題之後,本研究試圖針對此供應鏈型態提出一資訊分享機制規劃的參考架構,藉此架構引領供應鏈運作環境中的資訊科技規劃,並依此提升供應鏈整合。
在針對個案探討之後,本研究發現缺乏妥善規劃資訊分享機制是導致個案公司目前仍難以有效因應所面臨的不確定問題之主要原因。所施行的資訊分享實務與供應鏈環境間的不相容使得其目前仍難以有效因應需求的變異以及物料供給的管控。此外,本研究發現資訊分享模式會受到所面臨的不確定問題之屬性以及嚴重性程度的影響。在收斂組裝型供應鏈的案例中,受到供應鏈結構特徵的影響,資訊分享應著重於物料供給方面的議題。因為在該型態供應鏈運作環境中,供應端的夥伴結合相對於需求端而言較為複雜,且與領導廠商間的關係又非似需求端夥伴間來的密切。是以,在收斂組裝型供應鏈中,有必要投注較多的心力於建制與供應夥伴間的資訊分享。 / Supply chain management is a complicated task because of uncertainties involved. The uncertainty that occurs in the processes of inter-organizational coordination is due to a lack of harmony in supply chain participant activities. Recent developments in Inter-organizational Systems (IOS) have contributed to the provision of IT-based solutions for harmonizing supply chain participant activities. Applying IOS to the supply chain often attempts to improve the efficiency of coordination and resource integration among participants via inter-organizational information sharing. This intention implies that the effectiveness of IOS depends on whether information sharing mechanism built into the system can fit for supply chain characteristics and can help the supply chain cope with uncertainties that disrupt the integration of the supply chain. Hence, establishing an environment-suited information sharing mechanism is critical in deploying IOS solutions, and diagnosing supply chain uncertainties is important in planning information sharing mechanism.
Diagnosing supply chain uncertainties is a complex and challenging task, it needs a structural framework to support in analyzing the intricacy of interactions among supply chain members, resulting in the construction of an instrument to assist in the understanding of uncertainty-related behaviors of supply chain participants. Therefore, this study takes a structural approach to produce a validated uncertainty scale, and applies a case study approach with this instrument to investigate the uncertainty problems in a specific supply chain type, convergent assembly supply chain. After understanding the uncertainty problems, this study proposed a reference model to assist this supply chain type in planning an information sharing mechanism, leading to a well-suited IT framework to improve supply chain integration.
Falling short of a sounding information sharing mechanism is central to the problems in convergent assembly supply chain based upon the findings of case studies. The incompatibility between supply chain environment and existing information sharing practices has led to the problems in demand variation and material supply. Based on the characteristics of supply chain environment, planning inter-organizational coordination and information sharing simultaneously can effectively resolve the supply chain problems. Moreover, the research results suggested that the pattern of information sharing is influenced by the scale and severity of the uncertainty embedded in supply chain. In the case of convergent assembly supply chain, information sharing is focused on issues related to material supply owing to the structural characteristics of supply chain. The combination of participants in supply side is more complex and is not familiar with the leading company as demand side’s participants. Therefore, it needs to pay more attention for establishing information sharing among supply side’s participants.
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智慧資本衡量指標在績效評估之運用-以科學工業園區管理局為例顏志哲 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究目的在探討智慧資本衡量指標如何運用於績效評估上,透過文獻探討以及專家學者之意見,建立適當之智慧資本衡量指標,以作為本研究之績效評估指標,並以在科學園區內設廠之廠商為問卷發放對象,探討園區內廠商對於科學園區管理局所提供服務之評估。本文將科學園區提供之服務依照智慧資本構成要素分類為知識資本、組織資本與顧客資本深入探討,期望能瞭解廠商對於科學園區管理局提供服務之重要性、期望程度以及達成水準之看法。最後探討不同特性之廠商(產業別、所在園區、經營績效、規模、未來展望、依賴程度、是否在園區外另行設廠),是否影響其對於科學園區提供服務之重要性、期望程度與達成水準之看法。
研究結論發現,目前我國科學園區內的廠商普遍依然認為與組織資本相關之服務最為重要,例如園區能提供穩定的能源,其次為知識資本相關之服務,最後為顧客資本相關之服務。另外,本研究亦發現不同特性的廠商會影響其對於園區提供服務之重要性、期望程度與達成水準之看法。故,政府應深入探討不同特性廠商之需要,以提供一個良好的高科技產業發展之環境。 / The purpose of this research was to explore how to use the measurement indicators of intellectual capital to assess performance provided to firms by Science Park Administration. In addition, explored how the different characteristics of firms (industries, location, operation performance, size, future prospects and dependence) influenced the performance provided by Science Park Administration. Performance measurement indicators divided into three catergories including knowledge capital, organizational capital and customer capital. And the performance was assessed by three evaluation criteria: importance, expectations and achievement.
Conclusion of the research found that firms considered the the most important services provided by Science Park Administration was organizational capital-related sevices, followed by the knowledge capital-related services, and the last important is customer capital-related services. In addition, the research also found that different characteristics of firms will affect their views on sevices provided by Science Park Administration. Therefore, in order to provide a good high-tech industry development environment, the government should thoroughly investigate different firms’ needs with different characteristics.
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