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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

新竹縣國中學生家庭結構及家長社經地位對其性別角色影響之研究

黃增新, Hwang,Tzeng Shin- Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要以新竹縣國中學生為對象,探討「學生家庭結構及家長社經地位與其學生性別角色」之關係。其中包含國中學生性別角色類型分布與性別角色特質發展情形,及「學生家庭結構與家長社經地位」之各變項與「學生性別角色」之相關性。更著墨於「學生家庭結構與家長社經地位」對「學生性別角色」之影響,藉此提出親職教育及學校教育之建議,以供相關單位之參考。 本研究以問卷調查的方式,以「學生性別角色量表」為施測工具,採非比例分層隨機取樣的方法,抽取新竹縣十三所國民中學一至三年級學生,得有效問卷998份,其中男生525人,女生473人。以SPSS統計套裝軟體進行描述分析、單因子變異數分析、二因子變異數分析及卡方分析等。其獲得的結果如下: 一、國中學生的性別角色特質部分 (一)從年級來看,正向之男性特質與正向之女性特質有隨著年級增加而增長的趨勢。 (二)1.在正向男性特質上 (1)學生性別與子女數在性別角色發展上,對男性特質確有影響存在。 (2)不同學生性別與子女排行對男性特質確有影響存在。 (3)家長屬高社經地位的男女生,其男性特質高於低社經地位者。 (4)不同學生家庭類型與家長社經地位對男性特質確實產生影響。 (5)因子女數與家長社經地位之不同而有交互作用。 (6)因子女排行與家長社經地位之不同而有交互作用。 2.在正向女性特質上 (1)因子女數與家長社經地位之不同而有交互作用。 (2)因子女排行與家長社經地位之不同而有交互作用。 (三)在「性別」為重要因子的前提下,子女數、子女排行、家長的社經地位及家庭類型的交互作用下,均對性別角色特質產生決定性的影響。 二、國中學生性別角色類型部分 (一)國中學生性別角色類型分化情形,會因「年級」或「性別」或「家庭類型」或「子女數」或「家長社經地位」的不同而有差異。 (二)國中學生性別角色類型未因子女排行而有顯者著差異。 (三)對於國中學生性別角色類型影響較大者(主要因素)分別為性別、年級及家長社經地位,其次要因素為家庭類型與子女數 (四)在性別角色類型分化上,性別是分化的主因。隨著年級的增加,性別角色類型也產生較多的「兩性化」,「未分化」的比例在各年級間的差異不大。 (五)在性別角色類型分化上,男女生在國中階段依然存在著男女性別角色偏向。 本研究根據研究結果提出建議,以提供親職教育、學校教育及未來研究者之參考。 / The subjects of this study are the students from the junior high schools in Hsinchu, Taiwan. The study deals mainly with the mutual relationship among the structures of students’ family , the social and economic status of parents, and the sex-role of the students, including the current sex-role types and the development of sex-role characteristics. It also deals with the relationship between all the different factors in the structures of the students’ family and the social and economic status of their parents, and students’ sex role. The influence of the structure of the students’ family, the social and economic status of their parents and the sex-role of the students are much emphasized in this study. This study leads to the suggestions concerned parental guidance and school education, and provides referential information for educational administration. The data in this study are mainly based on questionnaires. And “student sex-role inventory” is used as measurement tool. A separate layer random collection sampling method has been used to draw out 998 valid surveys ( 525 males and 473 females) from the first to the third grade students at thirteen different junior high schools in Hsinchu County. After this a SPSS ( Statistical Package for Social Science ) was used to run descriptive statistics-- one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and Chi-Square analysis. And the results are as following: A. Characteristics of junior high school student sex-roles I. As far as grade is concerned, positive male and female characteristics are much related with their age, that is, they become obvious as their age increases. II-1. Positive male characteristics: (1) The students’ sex and the number of siblings in the development of sex-role have much influence on male characteristics. (2) Different sexes of the students and seniority among siblings have much influence on male characteristics. (3) Students whose parents have high social and economic status have more male characteristics. (4) Different types of the students’ family and social and economic status of their parents have obvious effects on student’s male characteristics. (5) The different numbers of siblings and the social and economic status of students’ parents have much influence mutually on male characteristics. (6) The seniority of the students in their family and the social and economic status of students’ parents have much influence mutually on male characteristics . II-2 On the Positive Female Characteristics (1) The interaction between the different numbers of siblings and the social and economic status of students’ parents is quite obvious. (2) The interaction between seniority among siblings plays an influential role in students. III. As the premise of sex being the prime factors, sibling numbers, seniority of the children, social and economic status of parents and family types have strong influence on the quality of sex-role. B.Types of sex-role of Junior High School Students: I. The types of sex-role of junior high school students are decided by students’ sex , grade, family types, the number of siblings, and the social and economic status of their parents. II.The seniority among siblings do not much affect the sex-role of the students. III.The major factors that form the sex-role of the students are sex and grade of the students and social and economic status of their parents. The minor factors are family types and the number of siblings . IV. Sex is the main reason for the division of sex-role types. As the grade level of the students getting higher, sex-role types become androgynous. Undifferentiated ratio among different grades is not great. V.In respect to sex-role types, both males and females carry tendencies towards their respective sex-role types. The suggestions based on the study are raised here to be used for further study in school education and parental guidance.
62

擺盪在政治與專業之間:報紙政治記者對新聞實務與專業角色的認知

李祖舜, Lee, Tsu-Shun Unknown Date (has links)
本研究的研究主題是報紙政治記者對新聞實務與專業角色的認知。從政治新聞的轉變出發,探討報紙政治記者對於所處的外在環境與媒介組織的認知,並了解政治記者對於專業角色的認知。此外,本研究也探索內、外在環境對政治記者實務工作與新聞專業表現的影響,進而剖析政治記者面對各種外在影響因素所採取的因應策略。 本研究之研究方法是採取深度訪談法,選擇以國內八家主要綜合性日、晚報的20位現任資深政治記者與主管為訪談對象,針對「政治新聞編實務與內容呈現變化」、「外在環境對政治記者的影響」、「組織對政治記者的影響」、「編輯室內控機制與記者角色認知」、「變動環境下政治記者的工作滿意與工作困境」以及「政治記者對政治新聞與記者地位及發展前景的認知」等面向進行訪談分析。 本研究分析所得研究發現包括: 一、 政治新聞的認知 (一)治新聞的光環逐漸褪色:政治新聞無論在版面位置、篇幅都有弱化的趨勢,多數報紙在編排政治新聞時已揚棄「基地版」概念。而報紙政治聞的前景則是讓人悲觀的預期多於樂觀。 (二)報紙政治新聞的新聞價格比新聞價值更重要:政治新聞逐步向商業傾斜,以讀者市場為依歸,政治新聞產生重大質變,「衝突化」、「戲劇化」、「簡單化」、「私領域化」取代「顯著化」、「複雜化」、「公領域化」成為政治新聞的重要元素,而「政治廣告新聞化」則是近來部份報紙所慣用爭取廣告營收的新興招式。 (三)新政媒關係形成:部份媒體與政治間的互動關係逐漸從「共生」轉變成「寄生」,國家掌權者以新聞資訊做為操控媒體的工具,進而形成一種全新的政媒關係。這種動態的政媒關係建立了嶄新的新聞供需遊戲規則,並且決定了政治新聞報導的強度與好惡,從新聞議題取材、採訪提問方向、寫作評論方式到版面呈現效果,都無法完全避開政治力的干擾。 二、 政治記者專業角色的認知 (一)新聞專業不敵政治正確:政治記者除了本身的專業與努力之外,在政治立場明確的報紙,更重要的是要遵循報社所設定的政治立場來採寫政治新聞,否則可能會因為違背報社的政治立場而影響工作表現。 (二)新聞價值觀多元分岐:報紙政治記者的新聞價值觀呈現分歧現象,部份堅持專業自主,拒絕來自組織內外的影響與壓力;部份則是主張階級權力掛帥、不問新聞專業、只問利害關係。 (三)採訪框架改變:政治記者與採訪對象的互動關係,從「政治權力」的角度分析,可以歸納為「同化」、「積極合作」、「保持距離」與「對立批判」等互動模式。而在新政媒關係的宰制下,「政媒同色」有時也會成為政治記者的壓力與包袱;而「政媒異色」對記者的工作更加不利。 三、 政治記者與媒介組織的互動 (一)政治記者的工作滿意度普遍不高:報紙政治記者的工作滿意度受到「人力配置」、「組織規模」、「新聞路線」、「組織互動」以及「言論立場」和「新聞價值觀」等檢驗指標的影響,多數記者工作滿意度不高。 (二)政治記者經常面臨工作困境:政治記者最常面對的工作困境包括「工作表現與報社回饋不符自我期待」、「與報社理念不合或與管理階層溝通不良」以及「與採訪對象互動關係惡化」。而面對工作困境,政治記者的因應策略包括「自我心理建設調適」、「消極不作為、以不變應萬變」、「堅持新聞專業、固守政治立場」與「調整職場生涯規畫」。 四、 報紙政治記者的未來 (一)治記者不再是保證的媒體金童:因主客觀環境逐漸惡化,報紙政治記者的前景不再樂觀,即使在媒介組織內的地位與待遇可望維持穩定,但報紙政治記者對外在環境的影響力逐步式微,重要性不若以往。 (二)政治記者深陷職場泥淖難以抽身:多數資深政治記者受限於專業技能不足、欠缺轉換職場能,即使有意退出新聞職場轉業,也難以尋找適合而滿意的新職,顯示多數報紙政治記者看似掌握政治脈動主導力量,但實際上卻是缺乏應變力、職場心態相當被動的族群。 關鍵字: 政治新聞、政治記者、專業角色
63

領導人角色與風格與企業文化、企業創新能力之研究

李沛錞 Unknown Date (has links)
iPod在全世界熱賣,但是其實當它剛剛推出時,全世界可是沒幾個人看好的,賈布斯是在整個電腦工業冷言冷語的環境裡,一步步堆起他的競爭壁壘。到了2004年底大勢明朗,各家公司要急起直追的時候,卻發現蘋果築起的競爭壁壘既高且深,業界也只能眼睜睜看著蘋果大鳴大放。 這不得不讓我們深想:賈布斯當年是如何在冷漠的世界中「相信自己」,他是如何產生強烈的自信,又如何能說服半信半疑的工程師,跟他去拼博這看似機率之外的運氣?如果不了解領導人身上的風格與氣質,便無法清楚解釋iPod的成功之處。 在蘋果電腦和賈布斯的各類企業傳記裡,找尋符合賈伯斯氣質的字眼,發現「偏執狂」(paranoia)這個字,最能形容像賈布斯這樣的創業家的精神氣質--他心中就是有一個世界的藍圖,而他,拼了命也要去實踐它。這樣的偏執,其實是嚴重背離傳統管理概念的。事實上,賈布斯搞砸的許多專案(例如1985年的「Lisa」、1995年的NExT)和他成功專案的數目幾乎一樣多,但弔詭的是:每科都得A+的長春藤大學MBA沒幾個當得成世界級的創業家,像賈布斯這樣的大學一年級退學生,卻能在商業世界裡大放光芒。倫敦皇家學院(Imperial College University of London)塔卡納商學院(Takana Business School)管理學教授珊卓•凡德默維(Sandra Vandermerwe)的一篇16000字研究論文〈iPod、iTunes、Steve Jobs:蘋果以科技帶動市場成長〉,為讀者從「企業經營模式轉型」的角度,探討時尚角度外的iPod衝擊;當一般人都由流行、時尚的角度看iPod,凡德默維教授則提醒:二十一世紀的蘋果,極有可能成為類似上世紀微軟般的新科技霸主,iPod的背後,是「硬體標準」和「軟體平台」的超級競爭,光從時尚流行的角度看,是小看了賈布斯的企圖。由公元兩千年到今天,當全世界科技公司找尋「再成長」的漫漫長夜裡,蘋果已經證明:它的「iLife」概念才是新主流,而iPod正是它主宰未來的訊號 寫作暢銷企管書《基業長青》(Built to Last)、《從A到A+》的前史丹福教授柯林斯(Jim Collins)稱賈布斯為「商場裡的貝多芬」(Beethoven of business),並且坦承再多的企管知識,也難以取代創意人用生命闖蕩的非理性力量。
64

彩虹國度裡的教師身影:三位高中男同志教師的生命故事

吳政庭 Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
65

幼兒媒體素養教學之研究---以解構性別刻板印象為例

黃伊瑩 Unknown Date (has links)
有鑑於大眾媒體往往不斷地複製性別、職業、文化、階層、種族的刻板印象,然而學齡前的幼兒,受限於識讀能力,接觸電視的時間遠遠多過閱讀書籍的時間,因此其電視觀看時間達到人生的第一個高峰,電視無疑地成為幼兒接收訊息最親密的窗口。再者,根據心理學方面的研究,幼兒期是是性別角色發展的關鍵期,他們的性別態度也特別容易受到媒體形塑的性別角色所影響,幼兒在電視或其他媒體中觀察到那些最普及的性別角色特質、互動模式或是身體形象的呈現,日積月累地在幼童社會化的過程中逐步影響他們的認知。 研究者以媒體素養內涵為出發,企圖協助幼兒建立主動思考判斷的能力,解構媒體中刻板印象的影響,以幼兒有興趣常接觸的媒體文本教學,也能有助於的提升幼兒學習的動機與成效。另外,國內外的研究也再再指出了媒體素養教育的成效,因此本研究發展一套以幼兒為對象的媒體素養教學活動,以性別刻板印象這個議題為例,以電視上幼兒喜歡及常接觸的內容為文本,進行教學研究,探討媒體素養教育對解構幼兒藉由媒體所形塑的性別角色刻板的成效。 本研究以台北市某國小附幼大班48名幼兒為對象,分成實驗組與控制組,以幼兒熟悉的媒體文本設計活動,進行12堂的媒體素養教學,於課程前後以「性別角色刻板印象測驗表」進行施測,瞭解有接受媒體素養教學的實驗組幼兒與沒有接受媒體素養的控制組幼兒在性別角色刻板印象測驗上的得分是否有顯著的差異。 根據資料分析,證明本研究之媒體素養教學方案對於解構幼兒性別刻板印象上具有顯著的效果。研究中也發現,以媒體文本為探討內容的課程確實能夠引起幼兒的學習動機與興趣,並且有助於他們對於解構媒體中的性別刻板印象。 最後本研究並對於現場教師、教育行政單位以及未來研究提出建議,以作為強化教師媒體素養專業知能、使用並發展幼兒媒體素養教學課程之參考。
66

中國大陸全球城市建構之政治分析-以上海市為例

毛奕惠 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要在探討中國大陸「全球城市」建構的政治分析。在中國大陸,上海市是一個具有全球城市雛形的城市。然而,上海市卻直至1992年浦東計畫後才開始發展,那麼上海市如何在短時間內崛起,且具有全球城市雛形?政府的介入成為上海發展的關鍵點。因此,本研究立基於全球城市相關研究上,透過國家官僚為中心的「全球城市」建構模式,以政府介入上海城市發展為切入點,進一步分析中央政府與上海市地方政府的互動。最後以透過湯臣集團作一個案研究,將其背後政治的影響因素與實例相結合。
67

里長治理網絡之建構與發展 / The Construction and Development of Li-Chief Governance Network

謝呈祥 Unknown Date (has links)
現今村里組織為台灣地方自治最基層之編組,其運作之健全與否對於地方治理的發展,自有其一定的影響。本文即以里長為研究對象,並以兩個在成立背景及特質強烈對比的里作為研究之個案,探討里長在治理過程是如何拓展個人網絡,並從里長角色、地位與網絡三個部份做點、線、面的分析。 本文的研究方法主要採用參與觀察法並輔以訪談法,觀察地點基本上以里辦公室以及里民會堂為主。而研究問題則要去探討,里長這個角色的目標是如何去完成的?哪些是幫助里長完成角色目標的最適夥伴?里長在治理網絡中要採取何種策略或是工具?接著,里長是如何去拓展能完成角色目標的網絡? 研究發現部分,本文嘗試提出三點命題:第一個命題:擔任里長的新舊世代會影響其對里長角色的主/被動態度。第二個命題:新世代的里長處理爭議時抱持著資源取向的敵對態度來面對,而舊世代里長則以人情取向的和平態度來應對。第三個命題:新世代的里長在空間資源與物力資源爭取上採取積極取向,人力資源重心放在里民;相對的,舊世代里長在空間資源與物力資源方面採取保守取向,人力資源重心放在政治人物。 / Nowadays the village/Li organization is the most basic unit for Taiwan local self-governance. Its operation has certain influence on the development of local governance. The research objects of this thesis are two Li chiefs who contrast sharply in their background. By analyzing their roles, status and networks, this research attempts to find out how they construct and develop their individual network in the governance process. The research methods of this thesis are participant observation and in-depth interview; the places of observation are the Li office and the public conference hall; the issues of this research are as followed: how is the goal of the Li chief completed? who are the most suitable partners that help the Li chief achieve the goal? what kind of strategies or instruments does the Li chief adopt in the governance network? how does the Li chief develop and construct the network that can achieve the goal? Regarding the findings of the research, this thesis attempts to propose three propositions. The first proposition is that the new and old generation of Li chiefs contribute to the difference between active and passive attitude of the Li chief. The second proposition is that the new generation of Li chief holds a hostile attitude toward disputes, but the old one holds a peaceful attitude in resembling circumstances. The third proposition is that Li chief of the new generation adopts positive orientation toward the spatial and the material resources, and focuses on Li residents in the human resources; however, Li chief of the old generation adopts conservative orientation toward the spatial and the material resources, and focuses on political figures in the human resources.
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家庭決策與家務分工:已婚男性與已婚女性的比較分析

陳怡吟, Chen, Yi Yin Unknown Date (has links)
本研究試圖通過實證研究來一探夫妻家庭生活中權力關係的樣貌,並試圖釐清究竟是哪些重要因素影響了這些權力的結果。在蒐集過去相關文獻後,我們認為夫妻的權力關係展現,可以重大家務決策和家務分工作為檢視的代表性指標。過去的相關研究也發現,個人所擁有的資源以及性別角色態度將會影響重大家務決策的權力運作;而在考量夫妻權力關係的另一個指標 - 家務分工時,因家務工作為耗費時間的活動,因此也必須將個人從事家務工作的時間可得性納入討論。此外,本研究也特別針對個人的性別角色態度做多樣化的討論,希望能對性別角色態度在夫妻權力關係中的作用有進一步的了解。 在夫妻權力關係中可以觀察到的現象是,夫妻間權力關係的平等由分享家中決策權力開始,妻子參與家中重要家務決策的機會愈來愈增加;然而在家務分工上,仍無法脫離傳統規範的束縛。本研究所得結果顯示,夫妻間的權力關係除了受到個人資源的影響之外,性別角色態度的影響也不容小覷。個人在婚姻關係中的權力除了來自個人資源作為交換之外,個人的態度也對其行為發揮影響力。社會傳統觀念對於性別角色的種種期待,雖透過社會化的機制內化至個人心中,然而隨著社會文化、經濟與家庭結構的變遷,使得原本規範丈夫與妻子權利義務的界線逐漸模糊,已婚男性與已婚女性的性別角色態度在面對實際家庭生活面向時,逐漸趨向彼此認同、諒解而愈來愈平等。但從家務分工的研究結果裡,似乎可以觀察到已婚男性的態度、意向在目前仍不平等的家務分工上有較決定性的影響。這樣的結果也顯示出,婚姻關係中男性仍是較有權力的一方。
69

小型養護機構社工員專業角色發展歷程之初探 / The Development of social workers’ professional role in small-scale nursing home

林易沁 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著高齡社會的來臨、85歲以上之「老老人」人數增長,具有長期照護需求者亦隨之增加;在眾多長期照顧資源中,目前以小型養護機構的所提供的服務量最為多,可見此種機構類型在長期照顧領域中的重要性。由於長期照顧機構間競爭激烈及評鑑期待等因素,使得服務品質成為目前小型養護機構發展的目標;社工員專業功能的發揮對於機構服務品質提升多有助益,但社工員的任用或許因為法源不足、成本考量、機構人員認識不足等因素沒有受到同等的重視,亦形成社工員高流動率與聘僱不易等問題。目前對於此研究對象的相關研究甚少,無法對於此種現象進行瞭解,且不能解答筆者過去一年多兼職工作經驗中所產生的疑慮,因而本研究以小型養護機構社工員為研究對象,探討其專業角色的發展歷程。本研究之目的如下:(1)試圖了解小型養護機構社工員在機構內的工作職責;(2)這些角色如何學習、建構與發展之歷程;(3)社工員的角色認知與其它工作人員角色期待磨合的過程;(4)此段過程中的各式影響因素;(5)期待本研究能使政策制定者、社工教育的學者及實務工作者關注社工員在小型養護機構內奮鬥的辛酸,並提出改善社工員所處情境之建議。 本研究因為過去相關研究甚少、據探索性研究特質、以生命經驗作為探索焦點及重視研究參與者觀點等因素採用質性研究典範,使用深度訪談方式蒐集資料,並以樣版式方法進行分析,在研究過程中亦有處裡研究倫理及信、效度等議題。本研究之研究結果為:(1)社工員於小型養護機構內的工作職責為「與個案一起工作」、「與家屬一起工作」及「與機構一起工作」;(2)專業角色發展歷程大致可歸納為兩主軸,其一為「角色不明確->學習」,初入機構時,多數社工員會感到角色不明確,而出現不知所措、挫折感、壓力、沒有成就感與緊張害怕等情緒,其運用正式教育訓練與非正式觀察模範、蒐集資訊、反思學習等方式進行社工員角色扮演、認識角色組成員、病理知識、組織運作資訊等相關學習,但由於機構內正式訓練不足、非正式學習並無相同專業之指導者,所以社工員紛紛表達需求督導支持;(3)專業角色發展歷程的第二主軸為「角色衝突->因應」,社工員對自己專業角色有所認知,進入機構後,部份機構主管因為對社工員專業角色認識不清、人力聘用不足、較不熟悉電腦操作等因素,對社工員有較高的行政角色期待,而引發角色衝突困境,令社工員感到抗拒、排斥、不滿、專業角色不被重視、想要離職、掙扎或對主管的角色期待產生疑惑等負面情緒,若干社工員以工時不足為由與機構主管溝通協調捍衛自己對於專業角色的認知,但多數仍不敵機構主管的期待而妥協接受機構主管角色期待,成為機構內的行政人員或社工兼任行政人員,在同時扮演兩種角色或捨棄原有專業角色轉而扮演自己不熟悉的角色之情況下,社工員會出現角色負荷過度的問題,並對自己專業成長沒有信心、付出收益不等值及引發自責等負面情緒。但仍有些社工員能運用說服的技巧、堅定拒絕的態度、事先避免等策略來堅持自己所認知的專業角色;(4)在上述的兩個主軸的影響因素中,社工員個人的人力資本、社會支持與自我認同會使得社工員較能堅持專業角色,同樣地組織內機構主管的學習經驗、接觸社工員的經驗也會讓機構主管較為清楚了解社工員的工作角色;但社工員重視人際合諧、畏懼權威等個人特質,會讓社工員妥協接受機構主管的角色期待,而機構內學習資源不足、社工員兼職工作身分等因素會阻礙社工員資訊之取得,機構內無行政專責人員、機構專業分工不清之文化,則會令機構主管對於社工員產生角色期待;除了個人與組織層次之助、阻力之外,社會環境層次中,規範小型養護機構的法規及評鑑項目等亦對於社工員專業角色發展有所影響;(5)學習是小型養護機構社工員專業角色發展歷程之核心機制,貫穿了「角色不明確->學習」主軸,也與角色衝突、因應策略息息相關,更是左右此歷程發展之重要因素。最後,研究者亦有針對上述研究結果之相關議題進行深入討論,並提出數點建議期待研究成果有較為實質的貢獻。 / With the approach of aged society and the growing number of senior citizens over 85, people with the needs of long-term care is also on the increase. Currently, among all the long-term care resources, the amount of service provided by small-scale nursing home is the largest. Therefore, we can realize the significance of such type of facilities in the field of long-term care. However, due to factors like the keen competition and the expectations of evaluation among long-term care facilities, the quality of service has become the goal of small-scale nursing home. The realization of social workers’ professional roles is beneficial to the enhancement of the service quality of facilities. Nevertheless, probably because of reasons such as the insufficient laws, the consideration of cost, and the insufficient knowledge of staff, the employment of social workers is not equally emphasized, and thus causes problems like the high mobility of social workers and the difficulty in hiring social workers. Since there are few related studies on social workers, I could not understand such phenomena and there is no answer to the problems raised from my part-time experience. Hence, studying social workers, this study aims to explore the developing process of the roles. The purposes of this study are as follows: first, understanding the duties of social workers in small-scale nursing home; second, the way social workers learn and construct roles as well as their developmental process; third, the role identification of social workers and the process they conciliate with the role expectations from other staff; fourth, the various influencing variables during the process; fifth, the hope that this study could make policy-makers, scholars in social worker education field and practician concern the hardship and struggle that social workers encounter in small-scale nursing home, and provide suggestions for improving the conditions of social workers in these workplaces. As a result of elements like few related studies, studies with exploratory features focusing on life experience and on the viewpoints of participants, this study adopts the qualitative paradigm, collects data with in-depth interviewing, and explains with the template analysis style. The study also deals with certain issues like ethics, reliability, and validity during the process. There are 5 findings in this study. First, the duties of social workers in small-scale nursing home include “working with the client,” “working with the family,” and “working with the facility.” Second, the developmental process of professional roles can generally be divided into 2 categorizes. One is “from uncertain role to learning.” At the beginning, most social workers feel uncertainty about the role and emotions like loss, frustration pressure, lack of achievement, nervousness and fear occur. With formal educational training, informal observing model, collecting data, and reflective learning, they learn through the role play of the social workers, knowing group members, pathological knowledge, and information about the running of organizations. Nevertheless, owing to insufficient formal training in the facility and no advisor with the same expertise for informal learning, social workers turn to supervisors for help one after another. Third, the other category is “from role conflicts to solutions.” After social workers realize their professional roles and work in facilities, due to facts like insufficient understanding of the professional roles of social workers, insufficient staff, and unfamiliarity of using computers, part of managers in facilities hold higher expectations of administrative roles on social workers, and thus causes social workers the dilemma of role conflicts and negative emotions like resistance, refusal, disaffection, despise of professional roles, resignation, struggle, or doubts about the role expectations from managers. Several social workers negotiate with the managers for the reason of insufficient working time to defend their recognition on professional roles. However, most of them still compromise and accept such role expectations. They become the administrative staff or social worker and part-time administrative staff. Under the circumstances of playing 2 roles at the same time or giving up the previous professional roles and turning into a less familiar role, social workers suffer from overload, become not confident in their professional development, feel inequality between devotion and reward, and have negative emotions like reproving themselves. Yet, some workers employ strategies like techniques in persuasion, firm refusing attitude, and prevention in advance to insist on the professional role in their mind. Fourth, among the variables in the 2 categories, the personal human capital of social workers, social support, and self-identification enable social workers to persist in their professional roles. By the same token, the learning experience of institute managers and their experience of contacting social workers also make managers understand the role of social workers better. Nonetheless, characteristics like emphasis on interpersonal harmony and fear of authority lead social workers to compromise and accept the role expectations of facility managers, while factors like lack of learning resources in the facility and the part-time role of social workers prevent social workers from access to information. The lack of full-time administrative staff and the culture of vague division of work in the facility cause facility managers to hold role expectations on social workers. In addition to the encouragement and obstruction from the personal and organizational level, in terms of social environmental level, the laws and evaluation items that regulate small-scale nursing home also affect the social workers professional role development. Fifth, learning is the core mechanism of the process of social workers’ professional role development in small-scale nursing home. It not only penetrates the category of “from uncertain role to learning,” but also is closely related to role conflicts and responding strategies. Moreover, it is the important element that affects the development of this process. At last, the researcher also has a deep discussion in terms of related issues about the results and proposes several suggestions in the hope that the results could have practical contributions.
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廣告中角色人物之 可愛與否,故事有無、與推薦方式 對消費者態度之影響

吳裕傑 Unknown Date (has links)
角色行銷已經成為常見的行銷手法。可愛通常是消費者對於角色人物的必備的要件,而角色人物的運用適合發展相對應的故事情節,此外,角色人物的推薦方式不盡相同,因此本研究試圖探討可愛與否、故事有無與推薦方式對消費者態度之影響。研究結果顯示可愛與否並不會影響到消費者態度,故事有無只有對購買意願產生影響,而主動推薦方式會讓消費者產生較好的廣告可信度、品牌態度與購買意願。所以企業在運用角色人物時應考慮主動的推薦方式,此外,也能在角色造形上加強主動推薦的元素,提升對消費者態度之影響。

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