各章節要旨如下： 第一章：緒論，分四節。主要說明本文的研究動機、目的與研究內容，並提出研究假 設，以及操作化有關名詞。 第二章：有關文獻的探討，分三節。就有關組織中員工工作的需求、工作滿足，以及 需求與滿足間的關係，進行文獻上的整理與探討，以為本研究的理論依據。 第三章：研究方法，分四節。介紹本研究的受試者、測量工具、與使用的統計方法以 及施測程序。 第四章：工作需求的研究發現與討論。 第五章：工作滿足的研究發現與討論，各分五節。就全體樣本、教育行政人員、政府 機構人員、民營企業人員，分別討論，並做綜合討論。 第六章：目前需求與目前工作滿足的關係，分三節。就生存、社會、成長三方面分別 探討。 第七章：結論，分兩節。將研究結果與發現作一綜合敘述。並對進一步的研究，提出 參考性的建議。

第一章 緒論 第一節 研究動機與研究目的；在於探討我國員工對工作環境及工作內容之心理感受 。 第二節 研究問題與研究假設；提出工作特性、工作滿足正顯著相關假設，並探討員 工之工作願望問題。 第三節 名詞定義；介紹與研究有關之操作性名詞定義。 第二章 文獻探討 第一節 介紹工作特性之理論及JDS 量表的發表。 第二節 介紹需求理論。 第三節 介紹工作滿足理論。 第四節 介紹與本研究有關之國內外研究結果。 第三章 研究方法 介紹研究對象，研究設計、問卷執行設計、統計分析方法，及研究限制。 第四章 研究結果與統計 以單因子變異數分析研究工作特性與工作滿足之各層面關第比較，並分析工作願望與 個人屬性的差異。 第五章 結論與建議 總結上章之分析結果，印證假設，並提出個人之研究心得建議。

本篇論文的目的在探討不完全競爭情況下之最適關稅理論。首次說明不完全競爭與國 貿理論及政策之關係，並介紹最適關稅理論之發展。在本文之第三章、第四章分別討 論產品市場不完全競爭，要素市場不完全競爭與最適關稅理論之關係。在最後的結果 中，發現最適關稅稅率將受到外國進口需求彈性、本國出口供給彈性、國內不完全競 爭情況及所得分配因素的影響，此一結果擴充了傳統最適關稅理論的討論範圍。

本文目的：（１）隨「時間偏好」理論地膨脹，「時間因素」自個體分析邁入了總體 分析，但「空間因素」卻能頓留在個體的區位理論上，本文試將「空間因素」透過貨 幣需求的鹽橋，導入總體模型中以窺其影響力之大端。（２）由「個體基礎」出發， 嘗試建立一般化總體模型。（３）以台灣資料驗證「空間因素」在貨幣需求函數中扮 演之角色。 本文內容： 第一章緒論 第二章個體基礎 第三章空間因素與貨幣需求 第四章封閉經濟之總體模型 第五章開放經濟之總體模型 第六章結論

本研究主要在瞭解國內歷史檔案館藏於Web 環境中建置的規劃過程與執行內涵，主要以國內現正進行國科會「數位典藏國家型科技計畫」且已規劃建置Web檔案檢索系統的中央研究院近代史研究所檔案館為研究對象，探討其Web檔案檢索系統之建置內涵。本研究雖係以近史所檔案館為例，但期望藉由對該館建置經驗之探討，提供國內各歷史檔案主管與典藏單位參考。研究目的包括：探討Web環境中歷史檔案館藏檢索系統建置工作的內涵、Web檔案檢索系統介面的功能與特性、使用者對檔案檢索系統的使用習慣、模式與需求情形，並針對檔案館工作人員、資訊技術人員之Web檔案檢索系統建置作業思維觀點予以並列比較，進而與使用者之檔案資訊檢索需求進行對照比較，作為國內歷史檔案館藏Web檢索系統設計與建置之參考。 　　本研究採用深度訪談法，首先以近史所檔案館「近代外交與經濟重要檔案數位典藏計畫」為主要研究範圍，對該館工作人員進行訪談，並以參與該館系統建置之中研院計算機中心的資訊技術人員為訪談對象，此外亦針對外交檔案的使用者進行訪談，以便對相關的研究問題進行探討；並採用比較法，針對檔案館工作人員、資訊技術人員於Web檔案檢索系統建構之思維進行對照比較，並依據使用者對Web檔案檢索系統之需求與建置觀點進行剖析。最後將檔案館工作人員、資訊技術人員對系統功能建置之觀點與使用者之觀點進行對照比較，以綜合觀點比較歸納出Web環境中檔案檢索系統的重要特性與功能。 　　研究結果，本研究分別從「系統建構」與「使用者需求」兩個面向提出研究結論。於系統建構面向得出結論為：（一）檔案描述著錄方面：訂定檔案著錄系統建置方針、協調統整既有作業情境與著錄系統間的作業流程、因應檔案描述著錄作業所面臨的問題；（二）檔案權威控制方面：檔案權威控制方案效能的比較、權威檔合作建置可行性與方案的抉擇評估；（三）檔案傳輸互通標準方面：重視國際相關標準的採用與整合檢索的重要性、研擬訂定核心欄位促成聯合目錄與整合檢索之實現；（四）Web檔案檢索系統使用者介面方面：訂定Web檔案檢索系統使用者介面設計原則、Web檔案檢索系統使用者介面的功能規劃、妥善進行Web檔案檢索系統的營運管理；（五）檔案資訊加值檢索之作法方面：配合國中、高中教科書內容增加主題檔案介紹，進行系統使用者Log檔統計分析並進行檔案使用者資訊檢索行為研究，結合學術領域研究人員人力投入以進行檔案深度描述，運用資訊技術以提昇加值檢索之效能與服務之強化；（六）Web環境中歷史檔案檢索系統發展趨勢方面：藉由觀摩國內外其他單位之規劃建置並掌握重點，由網頁得知他館的經驗分享進而交流合作，與資訊技術人員密切交流以有助於系統的規劃建置。於使用者需求面向則分別從「使用者對Web檔案檢索系統的觀點與使用經驗」及「使用者對Web檔案檢索系統資訊檢索需求內涵分析」兩方面做成結論。有關使用者對Web檔案檢索系統的觀點與使用經驗方面，分別就檔案使用者資訊素養、使用經驗、檔案查詢途徑與使用方式、檔案資訊檢索整體需求、檔案檢索查詢項目使用需求情形、檔案資訊檢索心得觀感、檢索時所遭遇的問題以及對Web檔案檢索系統之期許等提列結論。而有關使用者對Web檔案檢索系統資訊檢索需求內涵分析方面，則以整體架構需求面向、資訊內涵需求面向、資訊檢索功能面向、資訊輸出功能面向、資訊顯示功能面向、檢索點需求面向等提列結論。 　　根據研究結果，本研究分別從「系統建構」與「使用者需求」兩個面向提出建議。於系統建構面向之建議包括：（一）訂定數位典藏與資訊檢索系統建置的相關標準；（二）建立一專門彙整缺字處理方案的官方正式網站；（三）建立一個累積資訊技術發展成果的知識庫；（四）運用「全宗原則」、採行「控制層次」進行檔案描述著錄；（五）合作建置檔案權威資料庫；（六）遵循檔案傳輸互通標準以因應內部與對外整合檢索之需求；（七）進行Web檔案檢索系統使用者介面整體規劃；（八）進行檔案資訊加值檢索方案之規劃；（九）研擬訂定核心欄位，儘速促成聯合目錄與整合檢索之實現。於使用者需求面向之建議則包括：（一）建立整合性歷史檔案查詢網站；（二）運用資訊技術與人工智能分析以強化檔案資訊內涵分析；（三）提供個人化檔案資訊檢索服務；（四）研擬並發展加值檢索方案。 / This study aims at understanding the planning process and the implementation of web-based historical archive construction in Taiwan by investigating the National Digital Archives Program that is being run by the National Science Council (NSC) and the contents of construction of the achieves of Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, whose retrieval system was completed. Though the study was based on modern history archives, it is hoped that the study can be a reference of construction for competent units and owners of history archives. The objective of the study is to investigate the contents of construction of Chinese web-based retrieval systems for historical archives; their functions and characteristics; and the habits, behavioral patterns and needs of users. A contrastive study between thoughts and opinions of web-based retrieval system construction of archive crews and IT personnel and the needs of users has been conducted to provide a reference for planning and construction of web-based retrieval system for history archives in Taiwan. 　　In-depth interviews were conducted with librarians in charge of the Digital Archives of the Diplomatic and Economic Records in Modern History Project, and with IT personnel of the Computer Center of Academia Sinica engaging in the construction of the archival system. Moreover, users of diplomatic files were interviewed for related topics. A comparison of the thoughts and opinions on web-based retrieval system of archive crews and IT personnel has been conducted. Needs and views of users have been analyzed. Finally, a contrastive study between the views on system function construction of archive crews and IT personnel and the opinions of users has been conducted in order to find out the important characteristics and functions of we-based Chinese archive retrieval systems. 　　Based on the research findings, conclusions were made from the following two aspects: system construction and user needs. System constructions are: (1) file description and recording: establishing construction policies for file recording systems, coordinating and integrating the operation workflow of the existing operation environment and recording system, and responding to problems arising out of file description and recording; (2) file authority control: comparing the efficiency of file authority control solutions, and selecting and evaluating the feasibility and solution of collaborative construction of authoritative files; (3) file transfer protocol: focusing on the importance of international protocols and integrated retrieval, and drafting core columns to promote the realization of joint indexing and integrated retrieval; (4) web-based retrieval system user interface: drawing out principles of design for the user interface of web-based retrieval systems, planning functions for the user interface of web-based retrieval systems, and applying reliable operation management of web-based retrieval systems; (5) handling of value-added retrieval of file information: enriching topic file introduction in accordance with junior and senior high school textbooks, producing statistics on and analyzing system user log files and studying the information retrieval pattern of users, combining the manpower of researchers to produce depth description of files, and enhancing the efficiency and optimizing the service of value-added retrieval with information technology; and (6) the trend of Chinese web-based retrieval systems of historical archives: sharing the experience in planning and construction of other archives home and abroad and promoting exchange and cooperation with them over the web, and making close contacts with IT personnel to facilitate system planning and construction. Conclusions on user needs were made according to “the user’s views and experiences of uses of web-based file retrieval systems” and “analysis on the contents of user’s needs for web-based file retrieval system”. Regarding user’s views on and experiences of uses for web-based file retrieval systems, conclusions were reached according to the user’s information attainments, experience of system uses, paths and manners of file retrieval, overall requirements for file and information retrieval, use of options in file retrieval systems, comments on file and information retrieval, problems encountered in retrieving files and information, and expectations from web-based file retrieval systems. As to the analysis of the contents of user’s needs for web-based file retrieval system of users, conclusions have been drawn according to the needs for overall framework; information contents; information retrieval functions; information output functions; information display functions; and information retrieval. 　　Based on the research findings, suggestions have been made according to “system construction” and “user needs”. Suggestions about system construction include: (1) establishing standards for digital archives and information retrieval systems; (2) setting up an official website for processing characters that do not exist in regular font sets; (3) developing a knowledge base for accumulating IT development achievements; (4) describing and recording files with “level control” according to the “principle of respect des fonds”; (5) constructing a file authority database under collaboration; (6) following the file transfer protocols to meet the requirements of internal and external integrated retrievals; (7) making plans for the user interface of web-based file retrieval systems; (8) working out solutions for value-added file and information retrieval; and (9) drawing out central columns and promoting the realization of joint indexing and retrieval. Suggestions about user needs include: (1) establishing an integrated historical archive inquiry website; (2) applying IT and AI to strengthen file and information content analysis; (3) providing personalized file and information retrieval services; and (4) drawing out and developing value-added retrieval solutions.

隨著資訊科技的發展，會計資訊變得更具即時性與可及性。會計資訊的提供者可利用自動化系統即時產出財務報告，並進行線上財務報導；而會計資訊的需求者，也可利用網際網路不受時空限制的特性，擷取所需的資訊。會計資訊的及時性品質獲得重大改善，而針對異質性的資訊需求者，用更低成本的方式滿足其多元需求的可能性也大為增加。XBRL可說是近年來會計與資訊科技結合的一項重要進展。本論文將以我國會計資訊市場為背景，採用XBRL及其他相關資訊技術，開發出一套能提供異質性會計資訊使用者閱讀及查詢XBRL格式文件之資訊系統。 本研究以圍繞標準財務報導之客製化（Customization Around Standard Report, CASR）架構為藍本，並與客製化報導（Customized Financial Reporting, CFR）理論結合，完成以XBRL為資料格式的客製化財務報導系統（Customized Financial Reporting System, CFRS），俾驗證XBRL在我國會計資訊市場之技術可行性，並為異質性的資訊使用者創造附加價值。在外觀客製化方面，係透過客製化樣版的設計而達成；內容客製化的部分，則因採用XBRL資料格式及CFRS的系統功能，而實現並延伸了部分的內容客製化面向。 / Accounting information has become real-time and more accessible with the development of information technology. Providers of accounting information can use automatic systems to produce real-time financial reports and distribute them on the Internet; and users of accounting information can extract data freely from WWW (World Wide Web). Consequently, the timeliness of accounting information is greatly improved, and heterogeneous information users’ various demands could be satisfied. XBRL is an important achievement on the integration of accounting and information technology in the past few years. This paper uses XBRL and other information techniques to develop an XBRL-based information system for the heterogeneous users of Taiwan accounting information market to read and inquire XBRL documents. Our research is based on the architecture of the Customization Around Standard Report (CASR) model under the Customized Financial Reporting (CFR) theory. We have developed the Customized Financial Reporting System (CFRS) to verify the technical feasibility of XBRL in Taiwan accounting information market, and to create values for heterogeneous information users. We use customized style sheets for the customized presentation of accounting information, and implement several dimensions of content customization by using XBRL and CFRS’ s functionalities.

本研究旨在了解國民中學社會學習領域教師對領域教學在職進修之需求與成效。為達成研究目的，本研究以自編之「國民中學社會領域教師領域教學在職進修需求與成效問卷」為調查研究工具，以台北縣、市所抽樣學校社會學習領域教師390人作為正式問卷調查對象，回收332份有效問卷（回收率84.9%）。本研究針對所得的資料，以SPSS8.0 for Windows套裝軟體進行次數分配、獨立樣本單因子變異數分析（One-Way ANOVA）、Tukey法事後比較分析、獨立樣本t考驗（Independent-Samples t Test）等統計分析。依據資料分析發現，獲致以下結論： 壹、國民中學教師對領域教學進修之需求： 一、教師進修方式需求 (一) 就「授課方式」而言，教師覺得最有效的方式依次為「講述式」、「討論式」、「教學觀摩」、「個案研討」、「工作坊」。 (二) 就「授課講師」而言，教師覺得最有效的授課講師依序為「實務工作者」、「資深教師」、「大學教授」、「教育行政人員」。 (三) 就「上課成員組成方式」而言，教師覺得最有效的上課成員組成方式依序為「領域核心課程共同上課，專門科目分科上課」、「單科教師單獨上課」、「不同科目教師合科上課」。 二、教師進修科目需求 (一) 領域核心課程部分以「社會學習領域概論」最感需要。 (二) 專門課程部分： 1. 歷史：台灣史、世界史、中國史、世界史概論、史學概論。 2. 地理：臺灣地理、氣候學、世界地理、地學通論、地形學。 3. 公民：經濟學、法學緒論、民法(一)、刑法(一)、社會學。 三、教師進修內容需求 (一) 在「課程設計」方面較需要的項目是教學活動設計、六大議題融入教學課程設計、領域統整課程設計以及領域教學計畫撰寫。 (二) 在「教學方法」方面較需要的項目是教學方法與教學創新、教學模式與教學技巧、資訊融入教學。 (三) 在「教學資源與研究」方面較需要的項目是教學相關軟體應用與資訊概論、教學檔案之建立、社區教學資源發掘與應用。 (四) 在「評量與評鑑」方面較需要的項目是瞭解學生個別差異與診斷學生學習困擾、多元評量實務設計、回饋學習者之技巧。 貳、教師領域教學進修成效 一、在「課程設計」方面較有成效的項目是教學活動設計、領域統整課程設計、領域教學計畫撰寫。 二、在「教學方法」方面較有成效的項目是教學方法與教學創新、教學模式與教學技巧、資訊融入教學。 三、在「教學資源與研究」方面較有成效的項目是教學檔案之建立、社區教學資源發掘、教學相關軟體應用與資訊概論、教師行動研究。 四、在「評量與評鑑」方面較有成效的項目是教學評鑑、課程評鑑、多元評量實務設計。 最後依據研究結論，本研究提出一些建議，作為未來繼續推動領域教學進修之參考。 關鍵字：社會領域、九年一貫課程、領域教學、在職進修、需求、成效 / The purpose of the study is to understand the needs and the effects of the teachers of social learning field in junior high schools for in-service education. In order to achieve this research, the survey employed self-administered questionnaires. Schools chosen for these questionnaires were sampled from Taipei county and Taipei city. Teachers of social learning field in the sampled schools were 390 persons for the questionnaires. The effected returns were 332. According to the returned data, statistics results by One-Way ANOVA and Turkey and Independent-Samples t test were drawn as the following conclusions: I、The needs of the teachers of social learning field: 1. The methods of the needs: (1). For instructional ways, teachers think the efficient ways in sequence are 「speaking」, 「discussing」,「teaching demonstration」, 「case studying」 and 「working shop」. (2). For instructors, teachers think the efficient instructors in sequence are 「experienced workers」, 「senior teachers」, 「university professors」 and「 educational administrators」. (3). For members in class, teachers think the efficient ways in order are the 「core curriculum together but specialized disciplines separately」, 「specialized disciplines separately」, 「all specialized disciplines together」. 2. The needs of the subjects: (1). For field core curriculum, teachers think 「social learning field generality」 is the most required subject. (2). For specialized disciplines： i. history：History of Taiwan，History of the World，History of Chinese，Introduction to History of the World，Introduction to History. ii. geography：Geography of Taiwan，Meteorology ，Geography of the World，Introduction to Geography，Geomorphology. iii. civics：Economics，Introduction to Law，Civil law，Criminal Law，Sociology. 3. The needs of contents: (1). For curriculum projects, the items are teaching activities design, six topics included in teaching curriculum design, field integrated curriculum design and field teaching plan writing. (2). For teaching methods, the items are teaching methods, teaching innovation, teaching models, teaching techniques and information technology used in teaching. (3). For resoures and research , the items are application of teaching related softwares and information technology , building teaching files and findings and applications of community teaching resources. (4). For assessment and evaluation, the items are understanding the differences of students and diagnosing problems of students learning, multi-assessment practical designs and feedback learners techniques. II、 The effects of the teachers of social learning field: 1. For curriculum projects, the items are teaching activities designs, field integrated curriculum designs and field teaching plan writing. 2. For teaching methods, the items are teaching methods, teaching innovation, teaching models, teaching techniques and information technology used in teaching. 3. For teaching resources and research, the items are teaching application softwares and information building teaching files and findings and applications of community teaching resources. 4. For assessment and evaluation, the items are teaching evaluation, curriculum evaluation and multi-assessment practical designs. Based on the conclusions of this research, there are some suggestions which will be the references for the social field learning in the future. Keywords：social learning field，1 - 9 curriculum，field teaching，in-service education，needs，effects.

為提升國內軟體專案生產力和品質，建立度量與分析的機制，本研究參考能力成熟度整合模式(Capability Maturity Model Integration, CMMI)之度量與分析流程領域作為指引，結合GQM (Goal-Question-Metric)及PSM (Practical Software & Systems Measurement)的度量方法論，發展一套提問式驅動度量與分析流程規劃法，稱為QMAP (Questions driven- Measurement & Analysis Process Planning)—運用5W1H (Why, Who, When, What, Where & How) 提問方式，有系統地依據CMMI度量與分析流程的要求，找出軟體專案的成功因素，逐步建立組織內部的度量與分析流程的基準。首先，以某公司之個案情境為例進行背景分析、目標分析和流程分析，接著以使用分析—使用案例及其描述之資訊需求，建議整合運用PSM Insight, MS Project及IBM Rational ClearQuest等工具來支援軟體專案度量與分析流程之自動化。經工具系統之實作展示，再以自我評鑑來檢視QMAP於CMMI度量與分析流程之目標及執行方法的符合程度，而部分未達成的項目則作為未來研究之方向。 / This research proposes a method called QMAP (Questions driven- Measurement and Analysis Process Planning) in order to meet goals and practices in Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI). QMAP is about 5W1H questions which begin with why, who, when, what, where and how. Before answering the 5W1H questions, we start with background analysis, goal analysis, and process analysis based on a sample company’s management context. Use Cases are then described as the formal information requirements of the MA process support system. In the implementation, we suggest to integrate some tools, such as MS Project, PSM Insight, and IBM Rational ClearQuest, to facilitate the measurement data collection and analysis activities during the software project development. After illustrating the implementation prototype, a checklist for self-appraisal is presented to identify the compliances of CMMI goals and practices, and the incomplete parts for future research extension.

本研究的主要目的，在於以認知、情感和行為三個層次，來探討領導者對內、外團體部屬的組間偏私（intergroup bias）現象。主要核心議題為：（一）探討領導者對內、外團體部屬的「認知分化」（領導者在認知上能清楚區分內、外團體部屬間差異的程度）、「情感分化」（領導者對內、外團體部屬在情感上喜好不同的差距程度）和「行為分化」（領導者對內、外團體部屬在行為上差別待遇的程度）三者間的關係。（二）探討領導者的個人特性（公平價值觀、認知需求）是否會影響上述認知、情感和行為分化間關係。（三）領導者公平與否是否會影響其整體領導效能。研究者以Fazio（1990）的「動機與機會決定模式」（Motivation and Opportunity as Determinant model，MODE）為理論基礎，以結構方程式檢驗Fazio所提之「慎思歷程」（deliberative processing）（「認知」影響「情感」進而影響「行為」）和自發歷程（spontaneous processing）（「情感」影響「認知」進而影響「行為」），何者較能描述領導者對部屬之組間偏私現象。樣本為軍事院校學生（領導者），經由前導研究（工具及變項修正；N=42）、研究一（相關法；N=98）、研究二（實驗法；N=93）等三個研究，結果顯示：（一）「慎思歷程」較能描述領導者之組間偏私，亦即領導者之組間偏私歷程傾向於「認知分化」影響「情感分化」進而影響「行為分化」。（二）其中「認知分化」和「情感分化」呈正相關傾向，而高「認知分化」之所以會造成高「情感分化」，是由於領導者產生了外團體拒斥（out-group derogation）而非內團體偏私（in-group favoritism）。（三）「情感分化」亦和「行為分化」呈正相關趨勢，但此種相關趨勢的強弱會受到領導者的個人特性（公平價值、認知需求）的調節，當領導者為高公平價值 ／ 認知需求時，情感分化和行為分化的相關會比低公平價值 ／ 認知需求者來得低。（四）領導者公平與否（對部屬的情感 ／ 行為分化），並不會影響其整體領導效能。

學校應該學習與組織記憶、組織學習以及體制論相關之知識。其中，組織記憶有助於問題解決與決策制訂（Hanson, 2001），且能協助學校維持不易被模仿、獨特的競爭優勢，並能有效提高組織績效表現及降低成本（Wexler, 2002）。許多組織記憶相關的研究結論顯示，組織成員流動會嚴重影響組織記憶成長（Carley, 1992）。因此，如何有效獲取、保留、維護及存取（retrieve）組織成員的知識，以避免重要的組織記憶消失（Walsh 和 Ungson, 1991;），儼然成為當前組織最需要關切的課題之一（Lahaie, 2005）。本研究整理、分析組織記憶相關文獻，發現藉由中介變項：書面化程度、可接近性、資深知識者角色行為、協同教學行為與知識分享行為以管理組織記憶，可滿足教師的組織記憶存取需求（retrieval demands），維持組織記憶的有效性。 本研究透過問卷調查法，以幼稚園組織中在園年資一年以下與三年以上的教師為研究對象，徵詢教師對組織記憶的存取需求、組織記憶有效性及教師績效知覺三構面的實際感受。總共發出問卷470份，問卷回收率為44.7%，在剔除不適合的問卷後，得到私幼有效樣本161份、公幼有效樣本19份。由於公幼樣本過少，故公幼教師的意見以描述統計方式呈現；私幼樣本則進行組間差異分析、相關分析及迴歸分析，並進行研究假設檢定。 　　研究結果顯示，本研究七項假設皆獲得支持，即幼稚園教師確實具有組織記憶存取需求，且教師在遭遇工作上的困難時，也經常採取實際詢問行為以解決其組織記憶存取需求，且93%的受訪教師認為其獲得的組織記憶具有效性。其次，教師的在園年資與幼教年資愈短，對組織記憶存取需求則愈高。 在中介變項的分析上，受訪教師除了對協同教學行為此變項持有不同認知外，均認為書面化程度、可接近性、資深知識者角色行為與知識分享行為皆有助於組織記憶建構。迴歸分析結果也顯示，無論教師年資之長短，以園長或資深教師擔任諮詢輔導角色，最能維繫組織記憶有效性，也能提升教師績效知覺；其次，增加知識分享行為亦可達到類似結果。故幼稚園組織在處理組織記憶問題時，應讓園長或資深教師擔任資深知識者的角色，並建立教師之間知識分享的機制，讓教師能有效獲取、保留、維護及存取組織記憶，進而促進組織學習、建立競爭優勢並提高教師績效表現。 / Hanson(2001) declared that schools should get insights from the literature regarding organizational memory, organizational learning and institutional theory. Organizational memory can support organizational members to acquire knowledge in problem-solving and decision-making activities (Walsh and Ungson, 1991). Moreover, organizational memory could be viewed as an intangible asset if successfully managed, and it might confer competitive advantages and lower transaction cost (Wexler, 2002). Day (1994) claimed that organizational memory is as a repository for collective memory which lain in policies, procedures, routines, and rules that can be retrieved when organization members needed. Stein and Zwass (1995) defined that organizational memory as “the means by which knowledge from the past is brought to bear present activities, thus resulting in higher or lower levels of organizational effectiveness.” Levitt and March(1996) also mentioned that “the lesson of history are likely to be lost through turnover of personnel (Hanson, 2001).” These statements implied that personnel turnover is the main threat of organizational memory (Stein and Zwass, 1995). This study wants to explore the relationship between teachers’ turnover, retrieval demands and effectiveness of organizational memory and the performance of kindergartens. Moreover, researcher wants to investigate the elements that have the most influence upon organizational memory effectiveness. Drawn from organization memory literature, we found that knowledge externalization, accessibility of organizational memory, senior teachers and principal’s behavior, team-teaching behavior, and knowledge-sharing behavior are determinants of organizational memory effectiveness. / The major finding was that teachers definitely have retrieval demands toward organizational memory, especially new-employed teachers. New teachers need senior teachers and principal’s guidance to help them solve problems and make decisions. The more assistances senior teachers and principal can offer, new teachers are more satisfied with organizational memory. That means new teachers can retrieve organizational memory successfully; moreover, they will be more contented with organizational memory effectiveness and show higher personal performance. As for intervening variables, researcher have detected that senior teachers and principal’s behavior and knowledge-sharing behavior show the primary influence upon organizational memory effectiveness. Consequently, management teams of kindergartens should attempt to create opportunities for teachers to share their knowledge. After knowledge-sharing procedure, teachers’ retrieval demands of organizational memory will be fulfilled, effectiveness of organizational memory will be maintained, and personal performance will be lifted as well.