[pt] É senso comum na literatura sobre mobilidade urbana, a abordagem dos aspectos positivos das infraestruturas de mobilidade, pela possibilidade que elas têm de conectar os espaços urbanos. Afim de promover um debate crítico acerca desses elementos, a dissertação visa apontar a dimensão da segregação das Infraestruturas de mobilidade, explorando dois aspectos: 1. o da segregação socioespacial, numa escala de cidade e metrópole, abordando a dicotomia centro-periferia, e 2. da segregação da forma urbana, numa escala de bairro, seja pela presença de tecidos urbanos dispersos e fragmentados, como por novas e diferentes escalas dos conjuntos edificados no entorno de algumas infraestruturas de mobilidade. Para tal, a pesquisa ancora-se no objeto da Avenida Brasil, importante via expressa construída na década de 40, que cruza a cidade do Rio de Janeiro de uma ponta a outra, servindo como um dos eixos estruturantes na ocupação da zona oeste. Em sua extensão, encontram-se diversos modos de ocupações, relacionados a diferentes dimensões de segregação. Uma análise comparativa, baseada em três padrões de ocupações distintos de habitações de baixa renda e seu entorno tem, por fim, o objetivo de medir os impactos da segregação em determinados trechos. / [en] It is common sense in the urban mobility, literature to address the positive aspects of mobility infrastructures because of their ability to connect urban spaces. In order to promote a critical debate about these elements, the dissertation aims to point out the dimension of segregation on mobility infrastructures, exploring two aspects: that of socio-spatial segregation, on a city and metropolis scale, addressing the center-periphery dichotomy, and the segregation of the urban form, on a neighborhood scale, either by the presence of scattered and fragmented urban fabrics, as well as by new and different scales of buildings built around the mobility infrastructures. Then, the research is based on the object of Avenida Brasil, an important expressway built in the 1940s, which crosses the city of Rio de Janeiro from one end to the other, serving as one of the structuring axes in the occupation of the west zone. In its extension, there are several modes of occupations, related to different dimensions of segregation. A comparative analysis, based on three distinct occupational patterns of low-income housing and its surroundings, is ultimately intended of to measure the impacts of segregation on stretches.

近年來台灣製造業委外代工至大陸已是十分普遍的現象。從國外購買中間財貨、到國外設立跨國公司、購買國外製成品以國內的品牌進行銷售、或到國外找尋特殊投資關係合夥人等，都包含在委外代工的定義內。委外代工帶來了二個值得探討的議題：第一是委外代工對勞動市場的影響，包括失業問題和相對薪資的變化；第二，委外代工和經濟邊緣化問題之間存在尚未澄清的關聯，例如委外代工是不是會導致台灣經濟邊緣化、產業空洞化？因此，本論文分成兩大獨立的結構分別討論上述問題。 關於委外代工對勞動市場的影響，文獻上大多觀察下列現象（Feenstra and Hanson, 1995; Wood,1995）：製造業的就業規模是否縮減、整體製造業的技術勞動就業比例是否逐漸增加、整體製造業的非技術勞動就業比例是否逐漸下降、以及技術勞動和非技術勞動之間的薪資差距是否也逐漸擴大（反應出就業比例的改變）。本文對台灣的勞動市場進行研究，的確發現上述現象的產生。根據研究結果顯示，政府沒有理由限制傳統產業外移到大陸，反而要創造更好的高科技環境，積極地留住台灣的高科技產業。亦即，不同的產業需要不同的產業政策加以因應，雙向產業政策將是需要的。例如傳統產業，政府可以將政策提升到「委外代工國」的立場考量，讓獲利率低、生產不效率的產業委由大陸製造；對高科技產業政策政府則可試著採取「被委外代工國」的立場，積極創造更科技的產業環境，留住台灣科技產業和保住台灣科技產業代工王國的版圖。 對委外代工與台灣邊緣化議題的探討，主要源起於泛藍和泛綠在兩次總統大選中的兩岸政策的爭議─是否要「三通」。事實上，針對台灣是否會被邊緣化兩大陣營均尚未整理出一個完整的說明。透過Krugman and Venables（1995）模型闡述可以清楚地了解：邊緣化只是運輸成本下降的一個過程，不會是最終的結果。同時，運輸成本的下降並不是會造成邊緣化的唯一決定因子。產業關聯性和產品之間的替代程度都扮演相當重要的角色。因此，對不同產業設定特定政策才能達到抗邊緣化的效果。 / Outsourcing is the current trend between Taiwan and Mainland China in recent decade. Inclusive of importing intermediate inputs, setting up multinational firms, purchasing final goods produced abroad, outsourcing brings two topics worthy to discuss. My thesis is structured into two independent projects: one is to discuss the effects of outsourcing on unemployment and changes in relative wages, and the other focuses on the issue of whether outsourcing leads to Taiwan deindustrialization. The main findings in the first project are consistent with the major conclusions suggested by several studies（Feenstra and Hanson, 1995; Wood,1995）that: declining share of manufacturing employment in total employment, increasing share of skilled workers’ in total manufacturing employment and in total wage bill, while the converse in unskilled workers. Therefore, we have no reasons to limit the unprofitable and traditional industries to move out. What we should do is to develop and expand the higher-skilled sector and to encourage high-technology industries to upgrade the production with the most comparative advantage. Different industrial policies applicable to different features of each industry are necessary. To announce a rough and uniform policy will probably do more harms than goods. What unearthed from the second project is that concerns of economic periphery voiced by Pan-KMT and Pan-DPP alliances did not tell the full story. Krugman and Venables（1995）can be applied to show that economic periphery is just one of the points in the process of a dynamic development with reducing transportation cost. Besides, transportation cost is not the only contributor to “core and periphery” pattern. Share of intermediate input and elasticity of substitution for manufactured goods are also playing important roles. Therefore, different industries should be applicable for different policy arrangement.

Krivelevich and Patkós conjectured in 2009 that χ(G(n, p)) ∼ χ=(G(n, p)) ∼ χ∗=(G(n, p)) for C/n < p < 1 − ε, where ε > 0. We prove this conjecture for n−1+ε1 < p < 1 − ε2 where ε1, ε2 > 0. We investigate several measures that have been proposed to indicate centrality of nodes in networks, and find examples of networks where they fail to distinguish any of the vertices nodes from one another. We develop a new method to investigate core-periphery structure, which entails identifying densely-connected core nodes and sparsely-connected periphery nodes. Finally, we present an experiment and an analysis of empirical networks, functional human brain networks. We found that reconfiguration patterns of dynamic communities can be used to classify nodes into a stiff core, a flexible periphery, and a bulk. The separation between this stiff core and flexible periphery changes as a person learns a simple motor skill and, importantly, it is a good predictor of how successful the person is at learning the skill. This temporally defined core-periphery organisation corresponds well with the core- periphery detected by the method that we proposed earlier the static networks created by averaging over the subjects dynamic functional brain networks.

On assiste en Géorgie, entre 1989 et 1994, à deux conflits civils couplés d’une violence politique majeure. L’Ossétie du Sud et l’Abkhazie, soit deux des trois régions dotées d’un statut autonome à l’intérieur de la Géorgie pendant la période soviétique, sont le théâtre de ces conflits. Les affrontements violents sont par ailleurs évités dans le cas de l’Adjarie, cette troisième région dotée d’un statut autonome. Les raisons de cette relative paix adjar ne sont pas évidentes à saisir à prime abord, surtout lorsqu’on observe la situation chaotique dans laquelle se trouve la Géorgie au moment de la chute de l’URSS. Il apparaît ainsi adéquat de se pencher plus spécifiquement sur l’Adjarie, en tant que région de la Géorgie, qui a certes entretenu de fortes tensions avec l’État géorgien nouvellement indépendant, mais sans pour autant que ces tensions politiques ne basculent en un conflit ouvert. Étant donné la similarité qui caractérise les territoires de l’Abkhazie et de l’Adjarie, les arguments géopolitiques ou encore les arguments concernant les structures institutionnelles n’apportent qu’une explication partielle. C’est plutôt un argument identitaire mettant de l’avant la relation entre les groupes qui apparaît déterminant pour expliquer l’absence de conflit en Adjarie. / Between 1989 and 1994, two civil conflicts occurred in Georgia together with major political violence. South Ossetia and Abkhazia, two of the three regions with autonomous status within Soviet Georgia, are the scene of these conflicts. Clashes are otherwise avoided in the case of Adjaria, the third region with an autonomous status. The reasons of this relative adjar peace are not obvious at first glance, especially when considering the chaotic situation in which Georgia is at the time of the USSR collapse. It seems appropriate then to further address the Georgian region of Adjaria, a region that certainly has experienced strong tensions with the newly independent Georgian state, although without turning into an open conflict. Because of the similarity between Abkhazia and Adjaria, the geopolitical arguments, or those concerning institutional structures, can only provide a partial explanation. It is rather an argument based on identity and putting forward relations between groups that appears to be determinant to explain the absence of conflict in Adjaria.

The importance, and the role, of peripheral vision amongst pedestrians, is an area which for a long time has remained unexplored. Previous studies regarding peripheral vision and pedestrians have mostly studied the characteristics of peripheral vision, the general visual behaviours amongst pedestrians and whether people affected by a natural loss of peripheral vision fixate on different objects compared to those with normal vision. To examine the role of peripheral vision amongst pedestrians, an experiment consisting of 20 participants was conducted. The experiment took place in a car park, where head movements (i.e. how many times each participant moved their head) and head directions (i.e. in which direction the participants’ moved their heads) of the participants were recorded using three action cameras. Two of the cameras were mounted on a helmet which the participants used during the experiment. The third camera was in the hands of the experimenter, recording the participants from behind. The experiment consisted of four different conditions. Two conditions where the participants’ peripheral vision was blocked to different extents, one with no manipulation of the visual field and one where the participants were told to watch a video on a cell phone during the walk. The results demonstrated a significant difference in the number of head movements between all four conditions. Furthermore, the results also demonstrated a significant difference in the relative frequency of downwards head directions between the first three conditions. After the experiment, the participants answered a short survey which included questions related to each condition. The answers from the survey showcased, amongst other things, that the participants thought that the condition where their peripheral vision was blocked to the largest extent was the most difficult one. A thematic analysis was conducted based on the recordings of a think-aloud-protocol which the participants were told to conduct during the experiment. The thematic analysis demonstrated, amongst other things, that the participants thought that the condition performed with no manipulation of the visual field was easy, that they felt insecure when their peripheral vision was blocked and therefore had to increase the number of head movements, and that they sometimes felt the need to redirect their gaze away from the cell phone during that condition. The conclusion which can be drawn based on the results is that the peripheral vision is widely used amongst pedestrians in natural settings, which in part is based on the fact that the participants increased their number of head movements when their peripheral vision was limited and by their own expressed thoughts regarding the different conditions. However, the results are not able to explain exactly how the peripheral vision is used amongst pedestrians. / Det perifera seendets betydelse och roll bland gångtrafikanter i naturlig miljö är ett område som till stora delar stått outforskat. Tidigare studier har främst fokuserat på uppmätning av periferins egenskaper, gångtrafikanters allmänna visuella beteenden samt studerandet av personer drabbade av naturligt synfältsbortfall. I syfte att undersöka det perifera seendets betydelse bland gångtrafikanter genomfördes ett experiment med 20 deltagare på en parkeringsplats, där huvudrörelser (d.v.s. hur många gånger varje deltagare rörde på huvudet) samt huvudriktningar (d.v.s. i vilken riktning deltagarna rörde huvudet) uppmättes med hjälp av två actionkameror fästa på en hjälm, samt en i handen på försöksledaren som filmade deltagarna bakifrån. Experimentet bestod av fyra olika betingelser, där två av dem blockerade det perifera synfältet olika mycket, en under normala synförhållanden samt en där deltagarna fäste blicken på en mobiltelefon under gången. Resultatet visade en signifikant skillnad i antalet huvudrörelser mellan samtliga betingelser. Utöver detta visades en signifikant skillnad i frekvensen av huvudrörelser nedåt vid en jämförelse mellan de tre förstnämnda betingelserna. Efter utfört experiment fick deltagarna dessutom svara på en enkät, vilken bland annat visade att deltagarna själva skattade att betingelsen där deras perifera seende blockerades som mest var svårast att genomföra. En tematisk analys genomfördes även baserat på data från ett tänka-högt-protokoll som deltagarna var uppmanade att föra under experimentets gång. Detta visade bland annat att deltagarna kände att det var enkelt att gå vid normala synförhållanden, att det fanns osäkerhetskänslor och behov av huvudrörelser vid betingelserna där periferin blockerades, samt att många kände ett behov av att lyfta på blicken vid mobiltelefonbetingelsen. Slutsatsen som kan dras baserat på resultaten är att det perifera seendet används mycket bland gångtrafikanter i naturlig miljö, vilket dels grundar sig i att deltagarna rörde som mest på huvudet när deras perifera seende blockerades, samt deras egna yttrade tankar. Det som inte kunnat besvaras är exakt hur det perifera seendet används bland gångtrafikanter.

A presente dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo pesquisar em que medida o rap, música característica do movimento hip-hop, é capaz de possibilitar o processo de letramento de jovens provenientes das classes menos favorecidas, que habitam na periferia de São Paulo, enriquecendo suas experiências linguísticas e subjetivas. A dissertação é o resultado de uma pesquisa-ação realizada na ONG Casa do Zezinho, localizada na região do Capão Redondo, extremo sul da cidade de São Paulo, com jovens entre 13 e 15 anos, regularmente matriculados em escolas públicas do entorno. O trabalho empírico desenvolvido, por meio de oficinas, privilegiou a interdiscursividade do rap para discutir as desigualdades sociais e raciais, às quais está submetida uma importante parcela da população, a fim de analisar a construção da identidade dos jovens urbanos, aproximando a cultura de sua comunidade das intervenções propostas como situações de ensino. Buscou-se, ainda, oferecer por meio do rap e toda sua oralidade formular, situações significativas de letramento para que o funcionamento social da linguagem e os conteúdos relacionados à língua pudessem ser compreendidos em suas dimensões discursivas. Tomando como base as letras de rap e a escuta da imagem sonora da palavra, entendemos que a linguagem adotada pelo rap também possibilitou a reinterpretação das experiências vividas na comunidade, ao dar novos significados ao imaginário do adolescente, conferindo à palavra a força da experiência vivida, individual e coletivamente. / This dissertation aims to investigate the extent to which rap, the characteristic music of the hip-hop movement, is able to facilitate the process of literacy in young people who inhabit the low-income periphery neighborhoods of São Paulo, enriching their linguistic and subjective experiences. The dissertation is a result of research conducted at Casa Zezinho, an NGO located in the Capon Redondo region, in the extreme southern area of the city, with young people between the ages of 13 and 15, enrolled in public schools in its surrounding areas. Through workshops, the empirical work focused on the interdiscursivity of rap to discuss social and racial inequality, to which a significant portion of this population is subjected, in order to analyze the nature in which urban youth construct their identities, using the culture of their communities in the aforementioned workshops as teaching tools. We also attempted to offer, through rap and its utterly oral nature, significant focus on literacy so that the social function of language and the content relating to language could be understood in their discursive dimensions. Using rap lyrics as our basis and listening to the sound image of the words, we understood that the language adopted by rap also allows for a redefinition of the experiences of the community by giving adolescents the chance to imagine the world in a new way, giving the word the force of individually and collectively lived experiences.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:17:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marlene Almeida de Ataide.pdf: 3753193 bytes, checksum: 1f3a79a4732974144b0996f946374189 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / To present thesis it is constituted of a process of investigation work, with views to the knowledge of the meanings that the youths of the masculine sex in the age group of 16 and 20 years of age that already accomplished the private measure of freedom in the year of 2006 in the Units of the HOUSE Foundation and that in the year of 2007 they were accomplishing the measure partner educational of attended freedom in social entity located in the East Zone neighborhood of São Mateus in the municipal district of São Paulo. They attribute to your circumstances and manners partner-family life and infractional the crime the privation of the freedom and the execution of the measure education partner of attended freedom as well as the projections that do for your lives. The research of qualitative nature grew through the Oral History and in the sociological perspective starting from the methodology of the life report with the objective of knowing the meanings above referred as well as the constituent determinations of your paths. Youth's concept was worked by the historical course of the subjects in this phase of the human life and for taking care of youths in conflict with the law due to the dropped of act infractional he took place an abbreviation reflection on the paradigm of the Irregular Situation for the Integral Protection in way to present the differences between both in the ambit of the attendance politics to this juvenile segment. It was discussed also the subject of the urban violence that it abates the youths excessively especially those of the impoverished segments. Still the paths of the researched youths' life were approached the partner-political-economical context of the Municipal district of São Paulo and of São Mateus's neighborhood and your districts where the subject of the research reside and he/she is located the Community Association and Beneficent "Priest José Augusto Machado Moreira" Institution covenanted with old FEBEM, current HOUSE Foundation where they are assisted in the Measure socioeducativa of attended freedom. Impossible to study these young ones and not to discourse about your family relationships with emphasis in the subjects related to the school education and work. At the end of these studies it was looked for to point the similarities given in the manners and conditions of life of the investigated subjects confronting them with the vulnerable while analysis head office. It was looked for still to approach public politics addressed for the juvenile segment in the sense of the same ones they subsidize a life condition that allows the development and the youth's promotion in specific of that originating from of the poor social class in the aspects economical, political, cultural and social / A presente tese constitui-se de um processo de trabalho investigativo, com vistas ao conhecimento dos significados que os jovens do sexo masculino, na faixa etária de 16 e 20 anos de idade, que já cumpriram a medida privativa de liberdade no ano de 2006, nas Unidades da Fundação CASA, e que no ano de 2007 estavam cumprindo a medida socioeducativa de liberdade assistida, em entidade social, localizada na Zona Leste, Bairro de São Mateus, no Município de São Paulo, atribuem às suas circunstâncias e modos vida sócio-familiar e infracional o delito, a privação da liberdade e o cumprimento da medida socioeducativa de liberdade assistida , bem como as projeções que fazem para as suas vidas. A pesquisa de natureza qualitativa desenvolveu-se por intermédio da História Oral e na perspectiva sociológica, a partir da metodologia do relato de vida, com o objetivo de conhecer os significados acima referidos, bem como as determinações constitutivas de suas trajetórias. O conceito de juventude foi trabalhado mediante o percurso histórico dos sujeitos nesta fase da vida humana e, por se tratar de jovens em conflito com a lei devido ao cometimento de ato infracional, realizou-se uma breve reflexão sobre o paradigma da Situação Irregular para a Proteção Integral, de forma a apresentar as diferenças entre ambos no âmbito da política de atendimento a este segmento juvenil. Foi discutida, também, a questão da violência urbana que abate sobremaneira os jovens, especialmente aqueles dos segmentos empobrecidos. Ainda, foram abordadas as trajetórias de vida dos jovens pesquisados, o contexto sócio-político-econômico do Município de São Paulo e do Bairro de São Mateus e seus distritos, onde os sujeitos da pesquisa residem e localiza-se a Associação Comunitária e Beneficente Padre José Augusto Machado Moreira Instituição conveniada com a antiga FEBEM, atual Fundação CASA, onde são atendidos na Medida socioeducativa de liberdade assistida. Impossível estudar estes jovens e não discorrer sobre suas relações familiares com ênfase nas questões relacionadas à escola, educação e trabalho. Ao final destes estudos, buscou-se apontar as similaridades dadas nos modos e condições de vida dos sujeitos investigados, confrontando-as com a vulnerabilidade, enquanto matriz de análise. Buscou-se, ainda, abordar políticas públicas direcionadas para o segmento juvenil, no sentido das mesmas subsidiarem uma condição de vida que permita o desenvolvimento e a promoção do jovem, em específico, daquele oriundo da classe social pobre nos aspectos econômicos, políticos, culturais e sociais

Cette thèse porte sur les conflits entre centres et périphéries à l’intérieur des pays. Ces dernières années, de nombreux États ont vu l'émergence de régions ou territoires qui défient leurs «centres» politiques. Ces disputes peuvent atteindre divers degrés d'affrontement, en allant des simples divisions électorales à la sécession d'une périphérie rebelle. Pourquoi certaines régions défient-elles ouvertement leur centre, tandis que d'autres ne le font pas? Dans quelles conditions les différences entre le centre et les périphéries sont-elles maîtrisées et circonscrites, et quelles sont celles qui les exacerbent? La thèse cherche à répondre à ces questions en analysant les cas de la Bolivie et du Pérou. En Bolivie, pendant les années 2000, le conflit régional a donné lieu à un clivage entre centre et périphérie; au Pérou, malgré les similitudes avec la Bolivie, un clivage similaire ne s’est pas déployé. Pourquoi cette différence? La thèse répond à la question par une analyse historique comparée. Elle suggère que les conflits entre le centre et les périphéries doivent s’analyser à partir de la combinaison de deux dimensions. La première est l’absence ou la présence d’élites régionales qui, à partir d'organisations et de mises en discours qu'elles rendent légitimes, définissent et représentent les revendications de la région et négocient avec l'État central. La deuxième dimension renvoie aux conditions structurelles de la région, en particulier l'importance des ressources naturelles et la taille de sa population. La thèse développe une analyse historique de la façon dont les deux dimensions ont évolué en Bolivie et au Pérou au cours de la seconde moitié du XX siècle. Cette analyse permet d’expliquer la divergence entre les résultats dans chacun des cas, et de suggérer des réflexions plus générales sur les relations entre les centres et les périphéries. / This dissertation deals with conflicts between centers and regional peripheries within countries. In recent years, many states have witnessed the emergence of territories or regions that challenge their political centers.These disputes range from mere electoral differences to the secession of an indomitable territory. Why do some peripheral areas openly defy their centers while others do not exhibit similar rebellion? What conditions temper the differences between centers and peripheries and what conditions exacerbate them? The dissertation seeks to answer these questions by analyzing the cases of Bolivia and Peru. In Bolivia, during the decade of the 2000s, the conflict between center and periphery escalated into a political cleavage; in Peru, however, despite similarities with Bolivia, a similar cleavage has not emerged.The dissertation seeks to explain these divergent outcomes from a comparative historical analysis and proposes that conflicts between centers and peripheries should be studied using two analytical dimensions. The first dimension is the presence or absence of a regional elite that could shape legitimate political organizations and discourses, articulating regional demands and bargaining with the central state. The second assesses the region’s structural conditions, specifically the relevance of natural resources and the size of its population. The dissertation explores how these two dimensions changed during the second half of the twentieth century in Bolivia and Peru. The historical analysis helps to explain the divergent trajectories of the two countries as it puts forward some general ideas about the relationship between centers and peripheries. / Esta tesis se ocupa de los conflictos entre centros y periferias al interior de los países. En los últimos años muchos Estados han visto emerger regiones o territorios que desafían a su “centro” político. Estas disputas pueden adquirir distintos grados de enfrentamiento, desde las meras diferencias electorales a la secesión de una periferia irredenta. ¿Por qué algunas periferias desafían abiertamente a sus centros mientras que otras no exhiben una rebeldía similar? ¿Qué condiciones atemperan las diferencias entre centros y periferias y cuáles las exacerban? La tesis busca responder a estas preguntas analizando los casos de Bolivia y Perú. En Bolivia durante los años 2000 el conflicto entre centro y periferia escaló hasta convertirse en un cleavage centro-periferia; en el Perú, en cambio, a pesar de las similitudes con Bolivia, no se ha desplegado un cleavage similar. ¿A qué se debe esta diferencia? La tesis responde a la pregunta desde un análisis histórico comparado y propone que los conflictos entre centros y periferias deben observase desde la confluencia de dos dimensiones. En primer lugar, la presencia o ausencia de elites regionales que puedan dar forma a unos discursos y organizaciones legítimas que den vida a las reivindicaciones de la región y que las negocien con el Estado central. En segundo lugar, las condiciones estructurales que posee la región; esto es, la importancia de sus recursos naturales así como las dimensiones de su población. La tesis hace un rastreo histórico de la forma en que ambas dimensiones se alteraron durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX en Bolivia y Perú. Este análisis permite explicar los resultados divergentes en ambos países, así como sugerir algunas ideas generales sobre las relaciones entre centros y periferias.

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C)(2) 課題番号:14580084 研究代表者:溝口 常俊 研究期間:2002-2003年度

On assiste en Géorgie, entre 1989 et 1994, à deux conflits civils couplés d’une violence politique majeure. L’Ossétie du Sud et l’Abkhazie, soit deux des trois régions dotées d’un statut autonome à l’intérieur de la Géorgie pendant la période soviétique, sont le théâtre de ces conflits. Les affrontements violents sont par ailleurs évités dans le cas de l’Adjarie, cette troisième région dotée d’un statut autonome. Les raisons de cette relative paix adjar ne sont pas évidentes à saisir à prime abord, surtout lorsqu’on observe la situation chaotique dans laquelle se trouve la Géorgie au moment de la chute de l’URSS. Il apparaît ainsi adéquat de se pencher plus spécifiquement sur l’Adjarie, en tant que région de la Géorgie, qui a certes entretenu de fortes tensions avec l’État géorgien nouvellement indépendant, mais sans pour autant que ces tensions politiques ne basculent en un conflit ouvert. Étant donné la similarité qui caractérise les territoires de l’Abkhazie et de l’Adjarie, les arguments géopolitiques ou encore les arguments concernant les structures institutionnelles n’apportent qu’une explication partielle. C’est plutôt un argument identitaire mettant de l’avant la relation entre les groupes qui apparaît déterminant pour expliquer l’absence de conflit en Adjarie. / Between 1989 and 1994, two civil conflicts occurred in Georgia together with major political violence. South Ossetia and Abkhazia, two of the three regions with autonomous status within Soviet Georgia, are the scene of these conflicts. Clashes are otherwise avoided in the case of Adjaria, the third region with an autonomous status. The reasons of this relative adjar peace are not obvious at first glance, especially when considering the chaotic situation in which Georgia is at the time of the USSR collapse. It seems appropriate then to further address the Georgian region of Adjaria, a region that certainly has experienced strong tensions with the newly independent Georgian state, although without turning into an open conflict. Because of the similarity between Abkhazia and Adjaria, the geopolitical arguments, or those concerning institutional structures, can only provide a partial explanation. It is rather an argument based on identity and putting forward relations between groups that appears to be determinant to explain the absence of conflict in Adjaria.