Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux relations qui peuvent exister entre des prédicats verbaux(ex : to regulate) et des prédicats nominaux (ex : regulation) dont les structures argumentales mettent enjeu des informations communes. Nous nous livrons à une formalisation des conditions dans lesquelles se réalisent des relations d’équivalence entre les constructions verbales et nominales. La mise en évidence de l’équivalence des structures argumentales de ces deux types de constructions est fondamentale pour pouvoir réaliser, par exemple, des systèmes d’extraction automatique d’informations très performants. En se basant sur les données du lexique The Specialist Lexicon, nous proposons une prédiction raisonnable du comportement syntaxique des arguments nominaux, de différents groupes nominaux prédicatifs(GNpréd), lorsqu’ils sont en position de postmodifieur. Cette étude nous a conduit à concevoir un ensemble d’algorithmes et à développer une plate-forme, Predicate DB, qui nous a permis de produire un lexique de nominalisations. Pour chaque entrée appartenant à ce lexique, nous avons caractérisé ses structures argumentales et ses réalisations dans des GNpréd dont les arguments sont marqués par des prépositions spécifiques. / In this thesis, we focus on the relation that may exist between verbal predicates (e.g., regulate)and nominal predicates (e.g., regulation) whose argument structures involve common information.We make a formalization of the conditions in which equivalent relations between verbal and nominalconstructions are carried out. Bringing out the equivalence of argument structures between these twotypes of constructions is fundamental for achieving, for example, very efficient Information Extractionsystems. Based on data from the Specialist Lexicon, we propose a reasonable prediction of the syntacticbehavior of nominal arguments, which belong to different predicate noun phrases (PNPs), when theyare in postmodifier position. This study has led us to design a set of algorithms and develop a platform,PredicateDB, to produce a lexicon of nominalizations. For each entry belonging to this lexicon, we havedefined its argument structures and achievements in PNPs whose arguments are marked by specificprepositions.

Cette thèse est composée de deux parties qui sont relativement indépendantes l’un de l’autre. Dans la première partie,une autre théorie de la gravitation que l’on appelle la gravité de f(R), est étudiée. Une première analyse mathématique est discutée sur cette théorie, y compris la formulation mathématique du problème de Cauchy, la discussion sur le choix du couplage, et la formulation mathématique des équations différentielles. Ce système des équations différentielles est de quatrième ordre et très impliqué. Pour pouvoir établir l’existence locale, une série de transformations et reformulation et introduites. Elles nous amènent à une formulation que l’on l’appelle la formulation conforme augmenté. Avec cette formulation, l’existence locale est établie. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l’analyse d’un type de système non-linéaire composé des équations d’onde et équations de Klein-Gordon. Ce type de système apparaît naturellement dans de nombreux modèles physiques: le plus important, l’équation d’Einstein couplé avec un champ scalaire réel du massif et le système de la formulation conforme augmentée de la théorie de f(R). La difficulté principale est le manque de la symétrie: un des champs de vecteur de Killing conforme de l’opérateur d’onde, le champ de vecteur de scaling S := t∂ t +r∂ r, n’est pas un champ de vecteur de Killing conforme de l’opérateur de Klein Gordon. Pour franchir cette difficulté, un nouveau cadre, appelé la méthode de feuilletage hyperboloïdal, est introduit. Avec ce cadre, nous pouvons encadrer les équations d’onde et les équations de Klein-Gordon dans le même cadre. Cela nous permet d’établir un résultat d’existence globale pour les données initiales petites et localisées dans un compact. / This these is composed by two parts which are relatively independent to each other. In the first part an alternative theory of the gravitation, the so-called f(R) gravity, is studied. A first mathematical analysis is discussed on this theory, including the mathematical formulation of the Cauchy problem, the discussion on the choice of coupling, the mathematical formulation of the differential system. This system is four-order and highly involved. To establish the local well-posedness result, a series of transformations ans re-formulations is introduced and we finally arrived at a formulation, called the augmented conformal formulation with which we have managed to establish the local well-poseness theory.The second part is devoted to the analysis of a type of coupled wave and Klein-Gordon system. This kind of system arises naturally in many physical model, especially in the Einstein equation coupled with a real massive scalar field and the augmented conformal formulation of the f(R) gravity. The main difficulty to treat this type of system is the lack of symmetry: one of the conformal Killing vector filed of the linear wave operator, the scaling vector field S := t∂t+r∂r is not a conformal Killing vector field of the linear Klein-Gordon operator. To overpass this difficult, a new framework, called the hyperboloidal foliation method is introduced. With this framework we can encompass the wave equations and the Klein-Gordon equations in the same framework. This allowed us to establish a global well-posedness result for compactly supported, small amplitude initial data.

This paper concerns the issue of ignorance about values, and how to best deal with it.I try to find out what we ought to do when we are ignorant of what it is valuable topromote. The proposed solution is an indirect system of “provisional values”, builtaround three goals that are likely to increase our chances of achieving real value,should such a thing be possible.These three provisional goals the system gives us are as follows: knowledge,optionality, and diversity.Knowledge is the traditional way of trying to relieve our ignorance and has beenthe focus of most philosophizing about value.Optionality means having options, or the power to act differently. This is likelyto become important should we ever discover what it is actually valuable to do.Finally, diversity is simply the idea that, not knowing what truly is valuable, weshould do as much as possible of everything in the hope that some of it may bevaluable. / Denna uppsats handlar om problemet med vår brist på kunskap om värde och hur manbäst hanterar det. Jag försöker ta reda på vad vi borde göra i situationer där vi ärokunniga om vilka mål som är värdefulla att uppnå. Den lösning som föreslås är ettindirekt system av ”provisoriskt värde”. Detta system är uppbyggt kring tre mål somsannolikt kommer att öka våra chanser att uppnå direkta eller verkliga värden, om ensådan sak skulle vara möjlig. Dessa tre provisoriska mål som systemet ger oss ärföljande: kunskap, optionalitet och mångfald.Kunskap är det traditionella sättet att försöka lindra vår okunnighet, och harvarit fokus för det mesta filosoferandet om värde.Optionalitet innebär att ha alternativ eller makten att agera annorlunda. Dettakommer sannolikt att bli viktigt om vi någonsin upptäcker vad det är värdefullt attgöra.Slutligen är mångfald helt enkelt tanken att om vi inte vet vad som verkligen ärvärdefullt så bör vi göra så mycket som möjligt av allt i hopp om att något av det kanvisa sig värdefullt.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att analysera hur förskolan, barn och familjen uppfattas i den mediala debatten om obligatorisk förskola. Studien lägger ett särskilt fokus på argumenten som är centrala i debatten som förs i svenska dagstidningar. Med verktyg från argumentationsanalysen som teoretiskt och metodologisk utgångspunkt kommer aktörernas argument att analyseras utifrån en pro et contra perspektiv. Det empiriska underlaget som är utgångspunkt för denna studie är debattartiklar som publicerats i svenska dagstidningar som debatterar obligatorisk förskolas vara eller icke vara. Empirin har analyserats genom en argumentationsanalys som presenteras tematiskt i resultatet. En betydelsefull teoretisk utgångspunkt i studien har varit argumentationsteoretiska idéer om hur en kan aktör kan använda argumenterande strategier för att påverka en mottagare.Resultatet pekar på att det finns en allmän uppfattning i debattartiklarna att barn behöver skydd, sociala sammanhang, utveckling och lärande och trygga vuxna. Hur och var barnens behov tillgodoses är argumentationens kontrovers. Det framkommer även att aktörer på båda sidorna i debatten upplever att förskolans brister måste åtgärdas samt att familjens position i samhället utmanas av förslaget om obligatorisk förskola. Resultatet pekar även mot att barn till nyanlända anses ha behov av statliga instanser och resurser som staten bör besluta om, men att det inte bör påverka svenska barn eller barn med autismdiagnoser och deras familjer. / The aim of this essay is to analyze how preschool, children and the family are perceived in the media debate on compulsory preschool. The study places a special focus on the arguments that are dominant in the debate conducted in Swedish newspapers. With tools from the argument analysis as a theoretical and methodological starting point, the agents arguments will be analyzed from a pro et contra perspective.The empirical material that is the basis for this study is debate articles published in Swedish newspapers that debate compulsory preschools being or not being. The empiric has been analyzed through an argumentation analysis that is presented thematically in the result. An important theoretical basis of the study has been the argument theoretical ideas about how an agent can use argumentative strategies to influence a recipient.The results indicate that there is a general perception in debate articles that children need safety, social contexts, development and learning and adults present. How and where the children's needs are met is the controversy of the debate. It also emerges that agents on both sides of the debate feel that the preschool's shortcomings must be remedied and that the family's position in society is challenged by the proposal for compulsory preschool. The results also indicate that children of immigrants are considered to need government agencies and resources that the state should decide on, but the government agencies should not affect the Swedish children or children with autism diagnoses and their families.

Vilka teman och argument blir centrala i det politiska talet vid en krissituation? Vilka retoriska grepp tillämpas? Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka detta genom en argumentationsanalys av Hosni Mubaraks tre sista tal som president under den arabiska våren i Egypten 2011. Tillsammans med en teoretisk utgångspunkt i propagandastudier och retorik studeras tre centrala teman i talen; ansvarsutkrävande, fredlig maktöverföring och talarens etos. För att sätta dessa teman i sitt sammanhang har demonstranternas slagord använts som utgångspunkt för att illustrera motargument. Resultatet av denna undersökning visar att beviskraften i Mubaraks argument är genomgående svag på grund av att de propagandastrategier och retoriska grepp som tillämpas inte anpassas efter situationen. / What themes and arguments gain importance in political discourse at times of crisis? What kind of rethorics are applied? This thesis aims to study these issues through an argument analysis of Hosni Mubarak's last three speeches as the president of Egypt during the Arabic Spring in 2011. With the use of a theoretical framework based in rethorics and propaganda the thesis analyzes three central themes in the speeches; the demand for accountability, the peaceful transition of power and the speaker's ethos. In order to position theses themes in the wider debate the slogans of the protesters have been used to create counter arguments. The thesis finds that the overall probative in Mubarak's theses and arguments is very weak due to lack of adaption of propaganda strategies and rethorical measures to the requirments of the situation.

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The aim with this study is to analyze and try to understand the arguments and conflicts associated with the planning and development of offshore wind power in Sweden, and to study various media articles and their significance for offshore wind power in Sweden. A qualitative method has been applied in the form of a media analysis. The material for the study is based on diverse types of articles from the media in the form of news articles, commentaries, and debate articles. The articles I have chosen to analyze come mostly from the most popular news editors in Sweden; "Aftonbladet", "Dagens Nyheter" and "Svenska Dagbladet". There are also news articles from local newspapers so that even smaller local events can be captured and studied. Further in this study, media such as Swedish Radio and SVT Nyheter have been applied where shorter news items can be examined. This result shows how the opposition and arguments for and against offshore wind power are played out in the media and that the media can function as an information provider for offshore wind power linked to the planning and expansion of offshore wind power in Sweden. Many opinions want to highlight the negative consequences of offshore wind power, mainly from a local point of view. In some cases, opposition is also about preserving nature's values and not making interventions in nature that affect biodiversity, but this is something that "NIMBY" may have led to. That media coverage of the topic is largely based on informing people about ongoing projects and preparing press releases with important information about the projects, as well as acting as an information channel.

In Sweden, after the Russian invasion of Ukraine 2022, the Social Democrats were inturmoil. Some factions had started openly advocating for Nato membership, while someremained staunchly opposed, favouring the status quo. This shift earned the partycriticism for having abandoned their last claim to any form of ideology. This studyproposes the use of politically aligned newspaper editorials as surrogates for studyingpolitical parties, gleaning insights into how stubborn or malleable the party isideologically, thus determining whether the Social Democrats lean more into idealism orrealism. Eight editorials are analysed and classified as Realist/Idealist andPro-/Anti-Nato. The tendency found is that there is a strong correlation between beingidealist and being against Nato-membership, and vice versa. This correlation is thenapplied to the Social Democrats, who voted for joining the alliance, to ultimately suggestthat the party today is more realist than idealist.

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