<p>The purpose of the essay is to by means of a quantitative method investigate what the portrayal of GLBT-people looks like in a selection of Swedish and New Zealand newspapers. The essay focuses on aspects such as the gender ratio between GLBT-people who are mentioned and also those who are allowed to speak out in the newspapers. Also in what proportions the newspapers portrays the different fractions of the GLBT-term, what subjects are covered and what types of sources are used are areas of interest.</p><p>The analysis is conducted through a quantitative research method where two Swedish newspapers (Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter) and two New Zealand newspapers (The Dominion Post and The New Zealand Herald) were selected. Three periods of 15 days were selected for each newspaper and electronic databases were used in order to try and collect all articles with relevance for this study.</p><p>The theoretical background consists of Tiina Rosenberg’s theories about media’s role in the individuals’ identity shaping, Nina Björk’s feminist theories connected to gender and power, and the patriarchal structure of society, and also Anders Sahlstrand’s accounts of journalism’s use of sources and their effect on the audience’s perception of the news presented.</p><p>The main results from the analysis points towards preponderance in the occurrence of male homosexuality and male homosexuals. Elite sources occur more often than non-elite, and GLBT-males are more often used as elite sources than GLBT-women, though due the analysis being based on a low number of articles the level of generalization from the results is questionable.</p>

The purpose of the essay is to by means of a quantitative method investigate what the portrayal of GLBT-people looks like in a selection of Swedish and New Zealand newspapers. The essay focuses on aspects such as the gender ratio between GLBT-people who are mentioned and also those who are allowed to speak out in the newspapers. Also in what proportions the newspapers portrays the different fractions of the GLBT-term, what subjects are covered and what types of sources are used are areas of interest. The analysis is conducted through a quantitative research method where two Swedish newspapers (Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter) and two New Zealand newspapers (The Dominion Post and The New Zealand Herald) were selected. Three periods of 15 days were selected for each newspaper and electronic databases were used in order to try and collect all articles with relevance for this study. The theoretical background consists of Tiina Rosenberg’s theories about media’s role in the individuals’ identity shaping, Nina Björk’s feminist theories connected to gender and power, and the patriarchal structure of society, and also Anders Sahlstrand’s accounts of journalism’s use of sources and their effect on the audience’s perception of the news presented. The main results from the analysis points towards preponderance in the occurrence of male homosexuality and male homosexuals. Elite sources occur more often than non-elite, and GLBT-males are more often used as elite sources than GLBT-women, though due the analysis being based on a low number of articles the level of generalization from the results is questionable.

Swedish: Det här kandidatarbetet undersöker om karaktärer med icke-normativ sexualitet finns representerade i digitala spel och hur dessa framställs. Arbetet har även fokus på de reaktioner samhället har visat i samband med att spel som behandlar ämnet icke-normativ sexualitet kommit ut på marknaden. Syftet är att uppmärksamma och ge insikt om icke-normativ sexualitet som ämne och hur diskussionen av detta kan leda till en utveckling inom spelmediet. Informationen som användes för att undersöka ämnet och dess reaktioner finns sammanställt under ett forskningsmomentet, vilket sedan utvecklas till flera noveller. Dessa noveller har sedan användes i en undersökning som genomfördes av 11 stycken deltagare. English: This bachelor thesis investigates if characters with non-normative sexuality are represented in digital games and how these are portrayed. The thesis&apos; focus is also to study the reactions games dealing with the subject of non-normative sexuality have received from society, and how the discussion about this can lead to a growth for games as a medium. The information used to analyze this subject and its reactions is collected from a time of researching, which later was developed into a number of short stories. These short stories were then used to conduct a survey answered by 11 respondents. Keywords: Homosexuality, bisexuality, digital games, non-normative sexuality, interpretation, game medium.

Previous studies have shown that bisexual women experience the lowest psychological well-being among the LGBTQ+ community. Bisexuality has been questioned as being a legitimized sexual orientation, both among the heterosexual group, as well within the LGBTQ+ community. Social media has brought on multiple benefits for LGBTQ+ people. One of those benefits is the ability to join groups specifically for LGBTQ+ people and in turn meet other people within the community. However, navigating some platforms have shown to be more problematic. Studies have shown that Facebook pose problems for LGBTQ+ people making their sexual orientation visible because of the different types of people that can partake in the content. The purpose of this study is to investigate potential differences or similarities between bisexual and lesbian women / nonbinary people's sense of security and attitude towards making one's sexual orientation visible on Facebook and Instagram. The study uses a quantitative method in form of a Google Forms survey sent out in Facebook groups, and published on Tumblr as well as on a Reddit forum. Hogan’s exhibitional approach is used as the study’s theoretical framework. The exhibitional approach focuses on how we modify our content on social media in consideration of the consumers, the algorithms and how our data is stored on social media platforms. There was a low response frequency among the respondents which led to a bias between the number of lesbians and bisexuals. The result showed that there wasn’t any statistical correlation between the variables visibility attempts of sexual orientation and being bisexual or lesbian. There was however a correlation between low identity uncertainty and being bisexual or lesbian. Studies on bisexuals show that there is a demand for continuous research on different aspects of bisexual women’s situation in society.

I studien har jag tittat närmare på medlemmarnas i gaylaget Malmö Devilants tidigareidrottserfarenheter och idrottsbakgrund samt undersökt hur de konstruerar sitt lag vad gällernorm och manlighet. För att uppnå detta gjordes intervjuer med sex av medlemmarna somfick svara på frågor utifrån tre teman: idrottsbakgrund, vardagen i föreningen samt idrottensroll i deras liv. Genom att använda de teoretiska begreppen genus och heteronormativitet harjag därefter analyserat och synat svaren. Utifrån intervjuerna kunde utläsas att alla har olikaupplevelser av idrotten och att alla har någon form av tidigare idrottsbakgrund. Medlemmarnaser också sitt lag som en plats där det heteronormativa inte är den rådande normen, där de kanträffa likasinnade individer med likartade erfarenheter och på så sätt vara en i mängden.Genom att utöva en aktivitet som idrott bryter medlemmarna mot den stereotypa bilden av huren homosexuell man är och de upprätthåller då inte den uppdelning och gräns som ärbetydande för heteronormativiteten. Genussystemet och heteronormen med dess ideal för hurman ska vara för att betraktas som en ”riktig” man/kvinna innebär en begränsning somegentligen inte behöver finnas. Bryts dessa normer upp försvinner förmodligen också debegränsande idealen. / In this study I’ve been taking a closer look at the members of the gay team, Malmo Devilantsand their former sports experience, background in sports, and examined how they constructtheir team. To achieve this, interviews were made with six of the members who were asked toanswer questions based on three themes: background in sports, daily life in the team, and therole of sport in their lives. By using the theoretical concepts of gender and heteronormativity,I have analyzed the answers. Based on the interviews I could see that the members all havedifferent experiences of sport and that everyone has some form of previous sportingbackground. They also see their team as a place where the heteronormativity isn’t theprevailing norm, where members can meet like-minded individuals with similar experiencesand thus become one of the crowd. By exercising an activity such as sports challenge thestereotype of how a gay man is and the members do not maintain the division that issignificance for heteronormativity. The gender system and heteronormativity with its ideals ofhow to be to qualify as a “real” man/woman is a limitation that does not really need to exist.The more the norm and the system dissolves our notions of what is considered male or femalewill probably decrease.

With this essay, I’m reviewing with a narrative analysis, describing in what way the standards of feminism, bisexuality and non-monogomy is being represented in the movie Puccini for beginners. I’m reviewing this in support of a queer and straight time. As a complement for queer and straight time, I’m presenting different theoretical concepts, which are useful for the analyze of feminism, bisexuality and non-monogamy. The analyze is based on the categories of Labov. In which way the narritve is constructed, as well as in what way feminism, bisexuality and non-monogamy are being represented. Finally I’m summing-up how I answered my questions regarding straight and queer time in perspective of feminism, bisexuality and non-monogamy.

<p>The thesis examines how sex/gender and sexuality are represented through text and images within the Internet community Sylvia whose primary target group is girls. Through an examination of the aesthetics, the member rules and the choices that constitute the framework for the site, the study observes Sylvia as a cultural context. In relation to this setting, the ten most visited member profiles at the time for the study are more closely examined. These profiles are studied from a constructivist view of sex/gender and are analysed from the perspective of feminist and quee r theory as well as in the light of feministic debates concerning sexuality and erotica. The thesis shows how Internet as a forum and the non-heterosexual context Sylvia open up for a constructivist understanding of sex/gender and also leads to a questioning of "masculinity" and "femininity". But the biological sex remains important since the community implies an explicit discussion about biological sex when targeting girls who should feel secure when practicing their sexuality. The result is that the sex/gender structures within the community often keep to a binary and essential segregation of the sexes. Sylvia becomes a free zone of solidarity in between women. This opens up for sexual experimentation beyond the heterosexual erotification of the female body. The user profiles also contain subversive gender expressions which are questioning the hetero norm. Even though there is a possibility of choosing from a variety of alternative sex/genders, the majority of the users keeps defining themselves as "girls" and "boys" . The study shows that Sylvia remains to relate to the world "outside" and this leads to an increase of Internet's possibility of deconstruction of identities online.</p> / <p>Uppsatsen undersöker hur kön/genus och sexualitet representeras i text och bild på Internet-communityt Sylvia, vars primära målgrupp är tjejer. Studien ger en överblick över den kulturella kontext som Sylvia utgör genom att undersöka den estetik, de regler och de valmöjligheter som sätter ramen för användarna. Med detta som bakgrund studeras de tio användarprofiler som vid tiden för studien var mest besökta. Profilerna undersöks utifrån en konstruktivistisk syn på kön/genus och analyseras utifrån såväl feministiska som queerteoretiska perspektiv samt i ljuset av feministiska debatter om sexualitet och erotik. Utifrån studien går det bland annat att se hur Internet som forum och den icke-heterosexuella kontexten Sylvia öppnar upp för en konstruktivistisk syn på kön och ett ifrågasättande av "manlighet" och "kvinnlighet". Men det biologiska könet bibehåller sin status eftersom sidan explicit för en diskussion om biologiskt kön i samband med att den riktar sig till tjejer som ska kunna känna sig trygga i utövandet av sin sexualitet. Därför faller kön/genusstrukturerna på communityt ofta tillbaka i en binär och essentialistisk könsuppdelning. Sylvia blir något av en frizon av kvinnlig gemenskap som öppnar upp för ett experimenterande med sexualitet som sträcker sig bortom den heterosexuella erotiseringen av kvinnokroppen. I användarprofilerna återfinns även subversiva genusuttryck som ifrågasätter heteronormen. Trots att det är möjligt att välja mellan ett flertal alternativa kön/genus fortsätter majoriteten av användarna att definiera sig själva som "tjejer" och "killar". Studien visar på att Sylvia hela tiden förhåller sig till världen "utanför" och härmed minskar Internets möjliga dekonstruerande effekt på identiteter online.</p>

The thesis examines how sex/gender and sexuality are represented through text and images within the Internet community Sylvia whose primary target group is girls. Through an examination of the aesthetics, the member rules and the choices that constitute the framework for the site, the study observes Sylvia as a cultural context. In relation to this setting, the ten most visited member profiles at the time for the study are more closely examined. These profiles are studied from a constructivist view of sex/gender and are analysed from the perspective of feminist and quee r theory as well as in the light of feministic debates concerning sexuality and erotica. The thesis shows how Internet as a forum and the non-heterosexual context Sylvia open up for a constructivist understanding of sex/gender and also leads to a questioning of "masculinity" and "femininity". But the biological sex remains important since the community implies an explicit discussion about biological sex when targeting girls who should feel secure when practicing their sexuality. The result is that the sex/gender structures within the community often keep to a binary and essential segregation of the sexes. Sylvia becomes a free zone of solidarity in between women. This opens up for sexual experimentation beyond the heterosexual erotification of the female body. The user profiles also contain subversive gender expressions which are questioning the hetero norm. Even though there is a possibility of choosing from a variety of alternative sex/genders, the majority of the users keeps defining themselves as "girls" and "boys" . The study shows that Sylvia remains to relate to the world "outside" and this leads to an increase of Internet's possibility of deconstruction of identities online. / Uppsatsen undersöker hur kön/genus och sexualitet representeras i text och bild på Internet-communityt Sylvia, vars primära målgrupp är tjejer. Studien ger en överblick över den kulturella kontext som Sylvia utgör genom att undersöka den estetik, de regler och de valmöjligheter som sätter ramen för användarna. Med detta som bakgrund studeras de tio användarprofiler som vid tiden för studien var mest besökta. Profilerna undersöks utifrån en konstruktivistisk syn på kön/genus och analyseras utifrån såväl feministiska som queerteoretiska perspektiv samt i ljuset av feministiska debatter om sexualitet och erotik. Utifrån studien går det bland annat att se hur Internet som forum och den icke-heterosexuella kontexten Sylvia öppnar upp för en konstruktivistisk syn på kön och ett ifrågasättande av "manlighet" och "kvinnlighet". Men det biologiska könet bibehåller sin status eftersom sidan explicit för en diskussion om biologiskt kön i samband med att den riktar sig till tjejer som ska kunna känna sig trygga i utövandet av sin sexualitet. Därför faller kön/genusstrukturerna på communityt ofta tillbaka i en binär och essentialistisk könsuppdelning. Sylvia blir något av en frizon av kvinnlig gemenskap som öppnar upp för ett experimenterande med sexualitet som sträcker sig bortom den heterosexuella erotiseringen av kvinnokroppen. I användarprofilerna återfinns även subversiva genusuttryck som ifrågasätter heteronormen. Trots att det är möjligt att välja mellan ett flertal alternativa kön/genus fortsätter majoriteten av användarna att definiera sig själva som "tjejer" och "killar". Studien visar på att Sylvia hela tiden förhåller sig till världen "utanför" och härmed minskar Internets möjliga dekonstruerande effekt på identiteter online.

This thesis deals with questions concerning ongoing constructions of heterosexuality as a norm in the Swedish church. Empirically the study is based partly on interviews with thirteen homo- and bisexual priests, one district visitor and one church politician and partly on some of the church’s own inquiries and documents concerning the question of Christianity and ”deviant” sexuality. The aim for this study is to examine how norms for sexuality, coexistence and gender are repeated in the documents created by the Swedish church itself about homosexuality and Christianity and to discern how these norms are present and have sense – are reproduced, challenged and transformed in life stories of Christian homo- and bisexual individuals. To be able to see how the notion of homosexuality as abnormal is reproduced, secured and challenged I have chosen to interpret texts, observations and life stories from a critical discourse perspective. In this theoretical tradition it is central to stress how, or rather to investigate what strategies are used to produce and maintain notions of ”abnormality”. One dominating view in the discussions within the church is that homosexuals and heterosexuals have equal value but that partnership cannot be equated with marriage. This understanding is expressed in my examples of formations of heteronormativity within the church. In the interview persons’ narratives there are discourses represented that are articulated in the church’s own inquiries but the narratives also express counter discourses. They speak about themselves in relation to, for example, imperative heterosexuality, homosexual ideals, core family ideals, theological way of thinking and dichotomizing understanding of gender. I have identified several ”uses” in the narratives and all of them are contained in an overall Christian homosexual ”us”. Instead of viewing themselves as being ”wrong” some of the interview persons have moved the problem to the heteronormativity. Experiences of not being part of the norm have made them strong and willing to struggle and fight for their rights. This position, outside the norm, is by some viewed positively. The homosexuals’ experiences of oppression have led to a desire to liberate the church from homophobia and show ”the true” church, where no one is discriminated. Homosexuals are accepted within the church, but only as deviants. This way heterosexuality is being made the superior category. Its meaning and superior position cannot be questioned according to many of the church’s representatives. Still, this is exactly what is happening when homosexuals are increasingly visible to the public and when they challenge the heterosexual norm. This provocation makes the heterosexual norm visible and forces representatives of the norm to deal with it! / Författaren har bytt efternamn till Holst.

I den här uppsatsen undersöker jag Simon Snow från Carry On trilogin (2015–21) och Morrigan ”Mor” från A Court of Thorns and Roses serien (2015–). Huvudsyftet med studien är att undersöka hur dessa två karaktärers sexualitet och identitet fungerar i sina respektive fantasy serier, hur de gestaltas och om de får chansen att utvecklas. Med queerteoretisk utgångspunkt undersöker jag hur karaktärerna kommer ut och hur de lever sina liv efteråt, likaså hur deras sexualitet får en roll i deras respektive fantasy-värld. I min analys visar jag hur bisexualiteten ignoreras och hur båda karaktärerna har svårt att komma fram till vilken sexualitet som passar dem bäst. Mor har även en långsammare utveckling när det kommer till hennes sexualitet, och finner det svårare att våga komma ut. Simon och Mor är även olika som personer och i min analys visar jag på hur slutet av deras respektive berättelser blir annorlunda; Mor försvinner ur berättelsen nästan direkt efter att hon kommer ut, medan Simon blir mer bekväm i hans sexualitet och relation. / In this paper, I study Simon Snow from the Carry On trilogy (2015–21) and Morrigan, nicknamed Mor, from the book series A Court of Thorns and Roses (2015–). The main aim of this study is to examine how the two characters’ sexuality and identity work in their respective book series, how they are described and if they are allowed to develop. Using queer theory, I examine how the two characters come out and how they live their lives afterwards, as well as how sexuality work in a fantasy novel. As a result, I have discovered that the label of bisexuality is frowned upon, and that both characters have a hard time figuring themselves out in terms of what sexuality and identity they relate to the most. Mor also had a slower development when it comes to her sexuality and a bigger struggle with coming out to her friends in comparison to Simon. Mor and Simon have very different journeys with their sexuality and are at very different stages in their acceptance at the end of their respective stories. In Mor’s case, she left the story as soon as she came out to one person, whilst Simon became more confident in his sexuality and relationship.