Wertewandel ist ein bestimmender Faktor unserer Generation. Er durchdringt alle Bereiche des sozialen Miteinanders und macht auch vor den Subsystemen unserer Gesellschaft nicht halt. Der Wertewandel in den funktionellen Subsystemen der Wirtschaft ging dabei stets mit dem Begriff der Organisationsentwicklung einher. Diese ist jedoch nur in der Lage Teilaspekte des Wandels abzudecken, für eine ganzheitliche Betrachtung mangelte es bisher an einer theoretischen Unterstützung. Dieser Beitrag rückt daher das systemische Change Management in das Zentrum der Betrachtung. Neben seiner integrativen Ausrichtung zeichnet es sich vor allem durch eine normative Fundierung aus. Es soll anhand eines konkreten Beispiels aufzeigt werden, wie das systemische Change Management strukturiert ist und welche Wirkungsmechanismen es in einem organisationalen Wandlungsprozess entwickeln kann.:1 Von der Organisationsentwicklung… 1 2 Der Grundgedanke der Systemdidaktik 1 3 Die normative Konstituierungsebene 3 4 Empirische Bedingungs- und Entscheidungsebene 5 4.2 Das Bedingsfeld Adressat 5 4.2 Entscheidungsfelder Methodik und Thematik 6 4.2.1 Thematik 6 4.2.2 Methodik 9 5 Die normative Ergebnisebene 12 6 Revision und Evaluation 13 7 … zum systemischen Change Management 14 Literaturverzeichnis 16 Quellenverzeichnis 16

Durch den rasanten wirtschaftlichen, kulturellen und sozialen Wandel im Zuge der Globalisierung verändern sich die Bedingungen unter denen Unternehmen produzieren grundlegend. Weltweite Konkurrenz um innovative Produkte, globale Absatzmärkte, flexible Fertigungsnetzwerke sowie internationale Kooperationen sind zentrale Kennzeichen neuer Arbeits- und Produktionswelten. Die Zeitschrift zur interdisziplinären Organisationsentwicklung, kurz ZIO, greift die vielschichtigen Probleme des sozialen Wandels in Organisationen auf. Ihr geht es um eine theoretisch fundierte, disziplinübergreifende Analyse von Organisationskulturen und um den Transfer der Erkenntnisse in die Praxis. Demnach richtet sich die Zeitschrift nicht nur an Forschende, sondern soll ferner auch eine Handreichung für Betriebspraktiker sein. Ziel ist es, eine Vertrautheit mit den spezifischen Problemlagen in Organisationen herzustellen und Unternehmen so zu befähigen, sich adäquat auf Veränderungen einstellen zu können.

Résumé : Cette thèse vise à décrire et explorer en profondeur la mise en œuvre d’une transformation de la culture organisationnelle de la Caisse Desjardins de Granby – Haute-Yamaska en s’assurant de rester alignée sur les valeurs et les principes coopératifs dans le contexte contemporain actuel. La stratégie de recherche est une étude de cas unique dont les données ont été collectées en temps réel au cours d’une observation soutenue de plus de trois années. De nature qualitative, cette thèse met en évidence l’importance du renouvellement du sens de la coopération auprès des gestionnaires et des employés, notamment par des représentations nouvelles permettant d’en illustrer tout le sens. Elle propose également une meilleure compréhension des phases de la mise en place d’une culture d’affaires coopérative. Il se dégage un modèle en trois phases qui ajoute à la littérature un modèle de transformation de la culture organisationnelle d’une coopérative. Finalement, les résultats générés par cette thèse accroissent les connaissances académiques sur le rôle crucial du leader et des gestionnaires ainsi que certaines qualités requises pour bien gérer le passage à la culture d’affaires coopérative. / Abstract : This thesis describes the implementation of corporate culture changes at a Desjardins credit union branch and analyses how the process was achieved while ensuring it was in line with co-operative values and principles in the current context. The research is based on a unique case study for which data was collected in real time over the course of three years of regular observation. The thesis is qualitative in nature and shows the importance of instilling a renewed sense of co-operation among managers and employees, using new metaphors to convey its full meaning. It also stresses the need to better understand the different stages for building a co-operative business culture and provides a three-phrase model for transforming corporate culture within a co-operative business, which adds to the body of work on the topic. Furthermore, the case study provides better information on the crucial role played by the leader and managers and on essential qualities for a successful transition to a co-operative business culture.

The aim of the study was to investigate the current management of educational change in Tanzania, with specific reference to the Primary Educational Development Plan (PEDP) and relate it to the roles of different stakeholders in education reform in order to determine factors that underlie its success or failure. The problem was investigated by means of a literature survey and an empirical inquiry. The literature survey revealed that educational change management is a social phenomenon whose process is considered overlapping. Implementation of educational change requires knowledge and understanding of the change objectives and the roles necessary to sustain the change. This process requires a shared vision among the educational stakeholders. A qualitative inquiry using in-depth individual and focus group interviews was conducted to explore the experiences of people affected by the implementation of the PEDP in Tanzania. The sample was purposefully chosen and reflected a number of stakeholders on various levels. The empirical study revealed factors outside the country that influence the management of educational change. These include a change in global focus and donors’ influence. The implementation of educational change in Tanzania has also depended largely on an understanding of directives and guidelines provided by the headquarters. The achievements that have been made are mainly quantitative and unlikely to be sustained. A lack of motivation among teachers has resulted in their passive participation in the reform. The top-down management of the reform has also adversely affected the sustainability of the reform. The PEDP was intended to have grassroots participation with broad involvement of stakeholders in outcomes. However, PEDP has been top-down, removed from local context. The study concluded that the implementation of reform was done without clear direction and scope. Thus, the sustainability of the reform is uncertain. Following the findings, the study recommends a constant dialogue using interpersonal communication with stakeholders on the purposes, strategies and practical working environment of the reform. The study also recommends change agents operating at district and school levels and the provision of clear roles and functions to specific stakeholders. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Educational Management)

The airline industry has grown rapidly over the past few decades, recording a ten-fold rise in passenger numbers and a fourteen-fold increase in cargo volumes. This growth has created overwhelming value to airline passengers, employees, suppliers and the broader economy. Unfortunately, this industry has been affected by terrorism attacks, wars, revolutions, pandemic fears, earthquakes, volcanoes, failing economies and skyrocketing fuel prices all of which have negatively impacted on profitability and resulted in intense competition. Consequently, airlines have spent the last decade in survival mode having to adapt to harsh changes. Air Zimbabwe, a state-run organisation which operates in this highly regulated and turbulent industry, is faced with numerous micro and macro environmental challenges and has been purposively selected for this study. According to company statistics, the airline’s annual passenger uplifts have declined from a peak of over 1 million in the 1990s to less than 200 000 in 2011, with revenue generation declining in correlation. Whilst Air Zimbabwe has experienced depressed demand for its services, competitor airlines are recording brisk business. The aim of this study was to investigate how a struggling organisation, which operates in a turbulent environment, can improve its competitiveness and profitability by better understanding the impact of industry role players and adapting organisational strategies to industry variations. This study examined, from the point of view of the industry players themselves, the extent to which customers, suppliers, competitors, regulatory authorities, substitute products and new entrants have impacted on the competitiveness and profitability of the airline. Major findings reveal that an organisation cannot operate in isolation and be competitive or profitable, but constantly needs to analyse the industry environment in which it operates in and to amicably interact with other industry role players. The research outlines the need for competition in certain areas and cooperation in others. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The change management approach followed during the installation of a new maintenance work management process (termed SAMI Stage1) in Sasol Synfuels is assessed. A framework and a set of change management principles are derived from literature relevant to the topic and are used as a basis to assess the implemented change. The concept of physical asset management is also reviewed and incorporated into the overall framework. The assessment reveals the following positive aspects of the change management process followed: • Excellent executive sponsorship throughout the implementation of SAMI Stage 1. • The use of one team of Sasol Synfuels personnel to develop the strategic plan and another team to perform the design of the new maintenance work management process has resulted in a core group of change advocates within Sasol Synfuels. • Sasol Synfuels business units were declared SAM I Stage 1 competent, which included the achievement of outcome indicators as well as behavioural changes. • The SAMI Stage 1 change is reinforced through further changes such as SAMI Stage 2, SAM PI (production initiative), as well as the creation of a new department, OPEX, to facilitate operational excellence within Sasol Synfuels. • The overall SAMI roadmap, commencing with maintenance work management, is found to be an effective vehicle to achieve the future integrated state of asset management. However, the following negative aspects of the implemented change are also highlighted: • The concept of physical asset management as the ultimate objective of the SAMI process was inadequately explained and coached to the organisation. Although maintenance work management efficiency has improved, the organisation has not made the mental transition from a cost centre mentality to a profit centre mentality. • Production personnel were initially excluded to a large extent, since SAM I Stage 1 was installed as a predominantly maintenance-focussed initiative. However, production personnel are required to play a large role in the maintenance work management process and their initial exclusion required significant stakeholder management during the advanced stages of the change. • There have not been significant changes to the recognition and reward systems in Sasol Synfuels in order to enhance the integration of specifically the maintenance and production functions. The organisation is thus still very much focused on functional excellence as opposed to the integrated concept of asset management. The effectiveness of installing a maintenance work management process first and then addressing equipment failures is also reviewed. It is concluded that this approach of firstly establishing discipline in the execution of maintenance work is indeed a viable approach. However, the overall objective of asset management must be considered from the onset and the organisation must be continuously aligned to that objective. Based on the above observations, recommendations are made on futu re Sasol implementations of maintenance work management processes. In essence there should be more focus on the concept of physical asset management before and during such an implementation. It is also recommended that a post SAM I Stage 1 project analysis should be performed (using appropriate questionnaires andlor interviews) to assess the positive and negative aspects as encountered by the organisation. These learning pOints should be documented and used for future, similar interventions. It should also be established whether the changes in behaviour and outcome are due to predominantly compliance to the work management process, or whether there is significant commitment to the process. Commitment to the process by the majority of the organisation is required to ensure sustainability there of. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die benadering soos gevolg ten opsigte van veranderingsbestuur gedurende die implementering van 'n nuwe instandhoudingswerk bestuursproses in Sasol Synfuels (genaamd SAM I Fase 1), word ondersoek. 'n Raamwerk en 'n stel beginsels met betrekking tot veranderingsbestuur word uit die relevante nagevorste literatuur ontwikkel en word gebruik as 'n basis waarteen die geimplementeerde verandering geevalueer word. Die beginsel van fisiese batebestuur word ook ondersoek en in die oorhoofse raamwerk geinkorporeer. Die volgende positiewe aspekte van die veranderingsbestuur proses wat gevolg was, word deur die ondersoek openbaar: • Uitstekende borgskap deur uitvoerende bestuur tydens die verloop van die implementering van SAMI Fase 1. • Die gebruik van een span Sasol Synfuels personeel om die strategiese plan te ontwikkel en 'n ander span om die ontwerp van die nuwe instandhoudingswerk bestuursproses te behartig, het gelei tot die ontstaan van 'n kern groep in die organisasie wat die verandering ondersteun. • Besigheidseenhede in Sasol Synfuels is SAM I Fase 1 bedrewe verklaar, wat die behaling van uitkomsindikators, sowel as gedragsveranderinge insluit. • Die SAMI Fase 1 verandering word versterk deur verdere veranderings soos SAMI Fase 2, SAMPI (produksie inisiatief), sowel as die daarstelling van 'n nuwe afdeling, OPEX, om operasionele uitnemendheid in Sasol Synfuels te fasiliteer. • Die algehele SAMI proses, beginnende met die bestuur van instandhoudingswerk, is effektief bevind om die toekomstige, geintegreerde toestand van batebestuur te verwesenlik. Die volgende negatiewe aspekte van die geimplementeerde verandering word egter ook uitgelig: • Die beginsel dat fisiese batebestuur die uiteindelike doelwit van die SAMI proses is, was nie voldoende verduidelik en oorgedra aan die organisasie nie, Alhoewel die effektiwiteit van instandhoudingswerk bestuur verbeter het, het die organisasie nie die paradigma skuif gemaak van 'n kostegesentreerde denkwyse na 'n winsgesentreerde denkwyse nie. • Aanvanklik was produksiepersoneel grootliks uitgesluit uit die proses, aangesien SAMI Fase 1 hoofsaaklik as 'n instandhoudingsinisiatief aangepak is. Produksiepersoneel het egter 'n groot rol om te speel in die instandhoudingswerk bestuursproses en hulle aanvanklike uitsluiting het gelei tot aansienlike bestuur van belanghebbendes gedurende die gevorderde stadiums van die verandering. • Daar is nog nie betekenisvolle veranderinge gemaak aan die vergoedings -en erkenningssisteme in Sasol Synfuels om sodoende die integrasie van spesifiek die instandhouding en produksiefunksies te bevorder nie. Daar is dus nog steeds 'n sterk fokus in die organisasie op funksionele uitnemendheid in teenstelling met die geintegreerde beginsel van batebestuur. Daar word ook gekyk na hoe effektief dit is om eers 'n instandhoudingswerk bestuursproses te installeer voordat toerustingfalings ondersoek word. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat hierdie benadering om eers dissipline in die uitvoering van instandhoudingswerk daar te stel, inderdaad 'n haalbare benadering is. Die oorhoofse doelwit van batebestuur moet egter vanaf die begin oorweeg word en die organisasie moet gedurig op koers gehou word rakende daardie oogmerk. Voorstelle, gegrond op bogenoemde waarnemings, word gemaak vir die toekomstige implementering van instandhoudingswerk bestuursprosesse in Sasol. In wese moet daar meer gefokus word op die beginsel van batebestuur voor en gedurende so 'n implementering. Daar word ook aanbeveel dat 'n nabetragting gehou word rondom die implementering van SAMI Fase 1 (met behulp van gepaste vraelyste en/of onderhoude) om die positiewe en negatiewe aspekte, soos ondervind is deur die organisasie, te evalueer. Hierdie inligting moet dan gedokumenteer word en gebruik word vir toekomstige, soortgelyke intervensies. Daar moet ook bepaal word of die verandering in gedrag en resultate die gevolg is van oorwegend die navolging van die proses of toewyding aan die proses. Die meerderheid van die organisasie moet toegewyd wees aan die proses om volhoubaarheid te verseker.

M.Phil. / The mining industry in South Africa is in a process of transformation, which can be ascribed to various influences. First and foremost is the process of the conversion of mineral rights, employment equity and black economic empowerment. The ethnic distribution of mining employees at the time of the study reflected that Managers were predominantly white, the majority of Shift bosses were white and Miners were predominantly black. Central to the transformation process is maintaining and improving production output in a safe manner. Leadership in addition also impacts on health and safety in the workplace and the process to transform the organisation to world- class status commences with leadership. Transforming health and safety in the organisation to world-class status is a leadership imperative. The fatality rates in South African mines are continuously being addressed not only through initiatives from the Chamber of Mines of South Africa, but also through the various mining houses. The introduction of the Mine Health and Safety Act and Regulations 29 of 1996 made a profound impact on health and safety management on South African Mines. The introduction of blasting certificate holders replaced the scheduled person (contract miner). Various mining houses grasped the opportunity and trained their own miners from previously disadvantaged communities. This also assisted in achieving transformation objectives. The fatalities on platinum mines in South Africa since 1995 have remained constant up to 2007 although a slight decrease is reported. Nevertheless, injuries and fatalities in South African mines are attracting negative attention from society and the investment community. This is not in the interest of the mining industry. Research indicates that unsafe behaviour contributes 87% and more to incidents and injuries (including fatalities) on mines. The study of behaviour as a contributing factor in organisational safety is a relatively young science since the first reported studies in the 1980's. Research in this domain strives to develop an understanding of behaviour as a contributing factor in organisational safety.

L'industrie actuelle est en plein développement suite à la mise en œuvre du concept de l'industrie 4.0 visant à rendre l'usine une entité intelligente, en combinant les processus et pratiques industriels avec les technologies de l'information et de communication récentes comme les systèmes cyber-physiques et l'internet des objets connectés (IoT), entre autres. Ce développement industriel, ainsi que le besoin d'innover pour atteindre et maintenir la compétitivité favorisent une augmentation phénoménale du volume de données (connue sous le nom de Big Data), rendant ainsi (i) les processus de conception et de supervision des systèmes de plus en plus chaotiques, (ii) les données au sein des organisations de plus en plus difficiles à exploiter et (iii) les ingénieurs de plus en plus perdus lors de la prise de décision. En effet, plusieurs problèmes sont identifiés dans les milieux industriels et qui peuvent être classés en trois catégories : (i) difficultés lors de la recherche, la visualisation et l'échange de l'information, (ii) difficultés lors de la prise de décision et (iii) difficultés lors de la gestion des changements de contexte. A travers ce travail, nous proposons un système d'aide à la décision intelligent et modulaire, dont chacun des quatre modules résout un des problèmes identifiés. Les modules de modélisation et de traçabilité des processus permettent de modéliser les processus et de capturer la façon comment ils sont exécutés. Le module d'aide à la décision permet de proposer le pattern le plus adapté au contexte de la décision ainsi que les paramètres de ses activités les plus significatifs. Le module de gestion des changements contextuels permet de continuellement mettre à jour le module de prise de décision, lui permettant ainsi de tenir compte de l'aspect dynamique du contexte. Le système proposé est entièrement vérifié et à moitié validé dans le contexte du projet Gontrand, visant la supervision intelligente et en temps réel des réseaux de gaz favorisant l'injection du gaz vert. Pour qu'il soit entièrement validé, les performances du système doivent être analysées après l'intégration et l'exploitation de ce dernier dans un milieu industriel réel. / Data sets are growing rapidly because of two things. First, the fourth industrial revolution that aims to transform factories into smart entities in which cyber physical systems monitor the physical processes of the factory. Second, the need to innovate in order to achieve and maintain competitiveness. Due to this huge volume of data (Big Data), (i) design and supervision processes are becoming chaotic, (ii) data within organizations is increasingly becoming difficult to exploit and (iii) engineers are increasingly lost when making decisions. Indeed, several issues are identified in industry: (i) when researching, visualizing and exchanging information, (ii) when making decisions and (iii) when managing contextual changes. Through this research work, we propose an Intelligent and modular Decision Support System (IDSS), where each of the four modules solves one of the identified issues. Process modelling and traceability modules aim to model processes and capture how they are actualy executed. The decision support module proposes the process patterns that best fit the decision context, as well as their most significant activity parameters. The contextual change management module continuously updates the decision-making module, in order to handle the dynamic aspect of the decision context. The proposed system is fully verified and half-validated in the context of the Gontrand project, aiming at intelligent and real-time supervision of gas networks favoring the injection of green gas. In order to be fully validated, the performance of the system must be analyzed after integrating and exploitating it in a real industrial environment.

[pt] Esta tese teve por objetivo investigar os impactos percebidos e as implicações da abertura de capital de empresas familiares na identidade organizacional e na identificação dos indivíduos. A abertura de capital tem sido um instrumento utilizado pelas empresas, e, em especial, pelas brasileiras, como fonte de financiamento para seus projetos de expansão, inseridos no contexto da adoção de estratégias de valorização e crescimento. Embora a mudança organizacional seja, em linhas gerais, objeto de muitas investigações, o tipo de mudança foco deste estudo sobre o qual nos debruçamos, a saber, o processo de abertura de capital, tem sido pouco abordado pelos estudos organizacionais. Ainda que o tema seja frequentemente estudado sob as perspectivas financeira e econômica, ele parece provocar, nas organizações, implicações ainda pouco conhecidas. Este estudo adotou o paradigma interpretativo (Burrell e Morgan, 1979), por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório (Gil, 1989), com base em um estudo de caso instrumental (Stake, 1995; 2000). As evidências foram coletadas por meio de (a) levantamento bibliográfico sobre a empresa; (b) investigação de base documental; (c) análise de documentos internos disponibilizados pela empresa, e (d) entrevistas com gestores. Os resultados indicaram que a abertura de capital é um evento organizacional que pode suscitar mudanças mais profundas nas organizações de forma similar às cisões e fusões, já tão presentes na literatura por meio de pesquisas empíricas. As conclusões permitiram identificar um grupo de implicações teóricas e práticas, que podem suportar tanto pesquisadores estudiosos do tema como executivos e gestores responsáveis por processos de abertura de capital nas organizações. / [en] This thesis aimed to investigate the perceived impacts and implications of the initial public offering in a family-owned business for the organizational identity and identification of its members. The IPO is considered as a source of financing for expansion projects, within the context of the adoption of value growth strategies, used by companies - especially by the Brazilian companies. Although organizational change is a recurrent subject of investigations in the academic literature, this study investigates a specific type of change that has been poorly addressed by the organizational studies. Even though there is vast empirical literature addressing IPO s, they often investigate the issue from the financial and economic perspectives, and yet little is known about the implications from the organizational perspective. This study adopted the interpretive paradigm (Burrell and Morgan, 1979), through an exploratory qualitative research (Gil, 1989), based on an instrumental case study (Stake, 1995, 2000). Evidence was collected through (a) media and literature review about the company, (b) public documents research, (c) analysis of internal documents provided by the company, and (d) interviews with managers. The results of this case study revealed that the IPO is an organizational event that can raise the most profound changes in organizations similar to spin-offs and mergers that have already been addressed through empirical research. The findings of this research lead to a group of theoretical and practical implications that can support both academics interested in this issue and executives and managers responsible for preparing the IPO process in organizations.

I ett allt mer föränderligt samhälle möter ledaren och organisationer på allt mer motstånd frånmedarbetarna. Vi studerar hur ledaren i ständigt föränderliga organisationer besitter möjligheten att hantera och förebygga motstånd för att skapa effektivt förändringsarbete. Det finns mycket tidigare forskning som behandlar detta ämne. Det vi vill göra med vår studie är att ge en inblick i vad det är som skapar motstånd och genom vilka strategier och metoderledaren kan förebygga det. Den genomförda studien är av kvalitativ forskning och är utförd på 16 respondenter i ledarroller. Undersökningen har genomförts hos ledare med olika befattningar, erfarenheter och perspektiv. Undersökning skedde på Volvo och Swedbank där vi intervjuade dessa 16respondenter. Med hjälp av olika teorier inom förändringsledarskap och motstånd har vi utformat en frågeguide inför dessa intervjuer. Studiens resultat visar att mycket av tidigare teorier och forskning stämmer bra överens med verkligheten, men det finns mycket mer som spelar in. Vi har funnit att hantering och förebyggande av motstånd är komplext för ledarna och organisationerna, men genom att bygga förståelse och intresse till förändring ökar medarbetarnas engagemang vilket förenklar förändringsprocessen. I helhet vill vi med vår studie ge en inblick till läsaren hur ledaren i förändringsarbetet kan uppfatta motstånd och förändring i stora organisationer som ofta genomgår förändringsinitiativ för att utvecklas och överleva. Med detta anser vi att Volvo och Swedbank är i rätt riktning med sin positiva syn påförändring. Dock ser vi att brist på utmärkt förändringsledarskap och skapande av förståelse och intresse kan resultera i att organisationerna möter på motstånd från medarbetarna i sådana föränderliga kulturer. / In an increasingly changing society, the leader and organizations face increasing resistancefrom the employees. We study how the leader in constantly changing organizations possessthe ability to manage and prevent resistance in order to create effective change. There’s a lotof earlier research that cover this topic. What we want to do with our study is to provide aninsight into what it is that creates resistance and through which strategies and methods theleader can prevent it.The completed study is of qualitative research and is performed on 16 respondents inleadership positions. The survey has been conducted on leaders with different positions,experiences and perspectives. The survey took place at Volvo and Swedbank, where weinterviewed these 16 respondents. With the help of various theories within changemanagement and resistance, we have designed a interview guide for these interviews. Theresult of the study show that much of previous theories and research are in good agreementwith reality, but there is much more to it. We have found that management and prevention ofresistance is a complexity for the leaders and organizations, but by building an understandingand interest in change, employee commitment increases, which simplifies the process ofchange.In genereal, with our study we want to give the reader an insight into how the leader canperceive resistance and change in large organizations that often undergo change initiatives inorder to develop and survive.With this, we believe that Volvo and Swedbank are headed in the right direction with theirpositive view on change. However, we see that lack of excellent change management andcreating understanding and interest can result in the organizations facing resistance from theemployees in such ever changing cultures. The written language of the essay will continue inswedish.