Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:32:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arleandra de Lima Ricardo.pdf: 1113423 bytes, checksum: ac3cde1dd3c6b71e08d883d296cf80c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation displays the different forms of social control, monitoring and repression exerted by the Office of Political and Social Order (DOPS) of Pernambuco against the most varied social segments during the period between 1945 and 1956. The method of limiting and the monitoring extended to their own agents of the DOPS, to the Air base of Recife, the plants, the political parties (particularly to the Party Communist Brazilian), to the associations of classes and also to the feminist movement. It was also possible to expose mainly, the process of monitoring one of the militant women of the PCB, Adalgisa Rodrigues Cavalcanti. The research, through the analysis of documentation of the time, had as its principle, to understand the internal logic of this system of National Security. Thus disclosing how the DOPS, justified by ideology of the National Security, throughout the decade of 1950, not only continued the effective repression during the dictatorial period of Getúlio, but also extended its radius of action in to the society. The database that made possible such reflections was extracted from the State Library Jordão Emerenciano in Recife (PE) organized by Marcília Gama and her team. This database consists of dossiers and handbooks created by the agents of the DOPS. Such dossiers contain comments of the agents on the different social classes or the observations of these classes as materials apprehended as proofs of subversion: periodicals, documents of the organizations, acts of meetings, etc / Esta dissertação expõe como ocorreram as diferentes formas de controle social, de vigilância e de repressão exercidas pela Delegacia de Ordem Política e Social (DOPS) de Pernambuco contra os mais variados segmentos sociais no período compreendido entre 1945 e 1956. O cerceamento e a vigilância que se estenderam aos próprios agentes da DOPS, à Base Aérea de Recife, às fábricas, aos partidos políticos (particularmente ao Partido Comunista Brasileiro), às associações de classe e, também, ao movimento feminino. Foi possível expor também, principalmente, o processo de vigilância em torno de uma das militantes do PCB, Adalgisa Rodrigues Cavalcanti. A pesquisa, através da análise da documentação da época, teve como princípio, compreender a lógica interna deste sistema de Segurança Nacional. Desta forma, revelar como a DOPS, justificada pela ideologia da Segurança Nacional, ao longo da década de 1950, não apenas continuou a repressão vigente no período ditatorial de Getúlio, assim como ampliou seu raio de ação na sociedade. A base de dados que possibilitou tais reflexões foi extraída do Acervo Estadual Jordão Emerenciano em Recife (PE) organizado por Marcília Gama e pela sua equipe. Essa base de dados é constituída por dossiês e por prontuários criados pelos agentes da DOPS. Tais dossiês contêm observações dos agentes sobre as classes ou sobre o estrato das classes vigiadas, além de materiais diversos apreendidos como provas de subversão: jornais, documentos das organizações, atas de reuniões, etc

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Dans les situations démocratiques, « militer » et « mobiliser » tendent à être quasi synonymes de« contester ». L’analyse des militantismes étudiants en situation autoritaire au Cameroun remet cettereprésentation en cause. En nous appuyant sur l’opposition entre mobilisations contestataires etconservatrices et sur une approche sociohistorique de militantismes étudiants en situation autoritaire surcinquante années, nous distinguons deux types d’associations étudiantes. Les associations étudiantes« autonomes » sont initiées par des étudiants tandis que celles « institutionnelles » le sont par desautorités universitaires. Au sein des rares associations étudiantes autonomes, le militantisme« autonome » promeut la négociation de compromis avec les autorités malgré la diversité des dispositifsde contrôle. Ce type de militantisme tend à remettre en question les autorités lesquelles réagissent enlabellisant de « contestataires » ou de « subversifs » les militants et organisations autonomes. Au sein desplus fréquentes associations étudiantes institutionnelles, le militantisme « institutionnel » entretient descompromissions avec les autorités lesquelles peuvent favoriser un minimum d’ascension sociale et/oupolitique. Est ainsi assurée la reproduction politique et sociale du pouvoir en place. Contrairement à l’idéereçue selon laquelle les processus d’individualisation − en tant qu’affaiblissement des dispositifstraditionnels d’assignation des identités communautaires − favoriseraient la démocratisation, le régimeautoritaire camerounais trouve les ressources de sa pérennité dans des pratiques militantes opportunistesliées à des processus d’individualisation plus égoïste que morale. L’analyse de quarante-sept récits de viede leaders étudiants nous amène à distinguer trois types de carrière militante selon le degré de fidélité àl’un ou l’autre type d’association étudiante : le « leader fidèle », le « leader reconverti » et le « leadersyncrétique ». Les leaders fidèles autonomes et des leaders syncrétiques au sein d'associationsinstitutionnelles, plus résistants aux dispositifs de contrôle, élargissent le champ des possibles politiques,tant en termes de représentations que de pratiques. / In democratic situations, "activism" and "mobilization" tend to be almost synonymous with "challenging".The analysis of student militancy in authoritarian situation in Cameroon calls that into question. Buildingon the contrast between protesters / conservative mobilizations and on a socio-historical approach ofstudent militancy for fifty years period, we distinguish two types of student associations in authoritariansituation: those "autonomous" are initiated by students while "institutional" associations are initiated byuniversity authorities. In the few independent student organizations, "autonomous" activism promotes thenegotiation with the authorities despite the variety of control devices. This type of activism tends toquestion authorities who react by labeling "protestor" or "subversive" autonomous organizations andactivists. Among the most common institutional student associations, the "institutional" activismmaintains cooperation with the authorities who can later promote their social, economic and / or policalmobility. This ensures political and social reproduction of power. Contrary to the common belief that theprocess of individualization - weakening of “traditional” modus operandi of community as a collectiveidentity - would promote democratization, Cameroon's authoritarian regime find resources of itssustainability in opportunistic militant practices related to process of individualization which are moreselfish than moral. The analysis of forty-seven life stories of student leaders allows us to distinguish threetypes of militant career by the degree of loyalty to one or the other type of student association: the“faithful leader”, the “(re)converted leader” and the “syncretic leader”. The autonomous faithful leadersand syncretic leaders are more resistant to control devices. Thus, they extend the political field ofpossibilities, both in terms of representations and practices.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir poli-3-hidroxibutirato (P3HB) e poli-3-hidroxibutirato-co-3-hidroxivalerato (PHB-co-3HV), polímeros biodegradáveis, utilizando hidrolisado hemicelulósico, rico em xilose, de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. O estudo dos fluxos metabólicos de xilose in silico indicou que, através do redirecionamento do metabolismo, é possível aumentar o rendimento P3HB a partir de xilose de 0.25 g g-1 para 0.40 g g-1. Obtiveram-se mutantes no sistema repressão catabólica nos quais se verificaram consumo simultâneo de carboidratos e redução do tempo de consumo dos açúcares. Porém, diferenças de fluxos de carbono resultaram em menores valores de crescimento e produção de PH3B em relação às linhagens parentais. Um programa de bioprospecção destacou Burkholderia sp. F24, em experimentos em biorreator obteve-se 25.04 g l-1 de biomassa, 49.31% de acúmulo de P3HB na massa seca celular, alcançando uma produtividade de 0.28 g l-1 h-1. Além disso, foi possível controlar a fração molar de 3HV na síntese PHB-3HV em F24 utilizando xilose e ácido levulínico. / The aim of this thesis is to produce poly3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) and poli-3-hidroxibutirate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHB-co-3HV), biodegradable polymers, using hemicellulosic hydrolysate, rich in xylose, from sugarcane bagasse. Metabolic flux analysis in silico of xylose metabolism indicated that, though metabolism redirection is possible to increase P3HB yield from 0.25 g g-1 to 0.40 g g-1. It was observed simultaneous consumption of sugars and reduction of time necessary to exhaust of all sugars in the media culture in mutants with catabolite repression partially abolished. However, differences in carbon flux resulted in lower growth and P3HB production in comparison to the parental strain. A bioprospecting program selected Burkholderia sp. F24, in experiments in bioreactor it reached 25.04 g l-1, 49.31% of P3HB accumulation of the dry cell mass and 0.28 g l-1 h-1 of productivity. Moreover, it was possible to modulate to molar fraction of 3HV in PHB-co-3HV biosyntheses with Burkholderia sp. F24 using xylose and levulinic acid.

A characteristic feature of species of Trichoderma is the production of concentric rings of conidia in response to alternating light-dark conditions. In response to a single burst of light, a single ring of conidia forms at what was the colony perimeter. On the basis of these observations, competency to photoconidiate has been proposed to be due to the age and metabolic rate of the hyphal cell. In this study, conidiation was investigated in five biocontrol isolates (T. hamatum, T. atroviride, T. asperellum, T. virens and T. harzianum) using both a morphological and molecular approach. All five isolates produced concentric conidial rings under alternating light-dark conditions on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), however, in response to a 15 min burst of blue light, only T. asperellum and T. virens produced a clearly, defined conidial ring which correlated with the colony margin at the time of light exposure. Both T. harzianum and T. hamatum photoconidiated in a disk-like fashion and T. atroviride produced a broken ring with a partially filled in appearance. On the basis of these results, it was postulated that competency to photoconidiate is a factor of the metabolic state of the hyphal cell rather than chronological age or metabolic rate. The influence of the source of nitrogen on photoconidiation was assessed on pH-buffered (pH 5.4) minimal medium (MM) amended with glutamine, urea or KNO₃. In the presence of glutamine or urea, T. asperellum and T. harzianum conidiated in a disk, whereas, when KNO₃ was the sole nitrogen source, a ring of conidia was produced. Further, in the presence of increasing amounts of glutamine, the clearly defined photoconidial ring produced on PDA by T. asperellum became disk-like. These results clearly demonstrated that primary nitrogen promotes photoconidiation in these isolates and strongly suggests that competency of a hyphal cell to conidiate in response to light is dependent on the nitrogen catabolite repression state of the cell. The experiments were repeated for all five isolates on unbuffered MM. Differences were apparent between the buffered and unbuffered experiments for T. atroviride. No photoconidiation was observed in T. atroviride on buffered medium whereas on unbuffered medium, rings of conidia were produced on both primary and secondary nitrogen. These results show that photoconidiation in T. atroviride is influenced by the buffering capacity of the medium. Conidiation in response to light by T. hamatum and T. virens was absent in all nitrogen experiments, regardless of the nitrogen source and buffering capacity, whereas both isolates conidiated in response to light on PDA. These results imply that either both sources of nitrogen are required for photoconidiation, or a factor essential for conidiation in these two isolates was absent in the minimal medium. Mycelial injury was also investigated in five biocontrol isolates of Trichoderma. On PDA, all isolates except T. hamatum conidiated in response to injury. On nitrogen amended MM, conidiation in response to injury was again observed in all isolates except for T. hamatum. In T. atroviride, injury-induced conidiation was observed on all medium combinations except the pH-buffered MM amended with glutamine or urea and T. virens conidiated in response to injury on primary nitrogen only, regardless of the buffering capacity. These results have revealed conidiation in response to injury to be differentially regulated between isolates/species of Trichoderma. On unbuffered MM amended with glutamine or urea, conidiation in response to injury occurred at the colony perimeter only in T. atroviride. It was hypothesised that the restriction of conidiation to the perimeter may be due to changes in the pH of the agar. The experiment was repeated and the pH values of the agar under the growing colony measured at the time of light induction (48 h) or injury (72 h). The areas under the hyphal fronts were acidified to below the starting value of the medium (pH 5.4) and the centres of the plates were alkalinised. The region of acidification at the time of stimuli correlated with the production of conidia, which implicates a role for crossregulation of conidiation by the ambient pH. The influence of the ambient pH on injury-induced conidiation was investigated in T. hamatum and T. atroviride on MM amended with glutamine and PDA, pH-buffered from pH 2.8 to 5.6. Thickening of the hyphae around the injury site was observed at the lowest pH values on MM in both T. atroviride and T. hamatum, however no conidia were produced, whereas both Trichoderma species conidiated on pH-buffered PDA in a strictly low pH-dependent fashion. This is the first observation of injury-induced conidiation in T. hamatum. The influence of the ambient pH on photoconidiation was assessed in T. hamatum, T. atroviride and T. harzianum using both buffered and unbuffered PDA from pH 2.8 to 5.2. On buffered PDA, no conidiation in response to light was observed above pH 3.2 in T. hamatum, above 4.0 in T. atroviride and above 4.4 in T. harzianum, whereas on unbuffered PDA it occurred at all pH values tested. It was postulated that conidiation at pH values above 4.4 on unbuffered PDA was due to acidification of the agar. The pH values of the agar under the growing colony were measured at the time of light exposure and in contrast to the MM with glutamine experiments, alkalisation of the agar had occurred in both T. atroviride and T. hamatum. No change in medium pH was recorded under the growing T. harzianum colony. These results indicate that low pH-dependence of photoconidiation is directly related to the buffering capacity of the medium. Recent studies have linked regulation of conidiation in T. harzianum to Pac1, the PacC orthologue. In fungi, PacC regulates gene expression in response to the ambient pH. In these studies pH-dependent photoconidiation occurred only on buffered PDA and on unbuffered PDA conidiation occurred at significantly higher ambient pH levels. It is proposed that the influence of ambient pH on conidiation in the isolates used in this study is not due to direct Pac1 regulation. The T. harzianum isolate used in this study produced profuse amounts of the yellow anthraquinone pachybasin. Production of this secondary metabolite was strictly pH-dependent, irrespective of the buffering capacity of the medium. Studies in T. harzianum have linked Pac1 regulation to production of an antifungal α-pyrone. pH-dependence on both buffered and unbuffered media strongly suggests that pachybasin production may also be under the control of Pac1. Photoconidiation studies on broth-soaked filter paper, revealed rhythmic conidiation in the pachybasin producing T. harzianum isolate. Diffuse rings of conidia were produced in dark-grown cultures and, in cultures exposed to light for 15 min at 48 h, the rings were clearly defined. These results show that conidiation is under the control of an endogenous rhythm in T. harzianum and represent the first report of circadian conidiation in a wild-type Trichoderma. A Free-Running Rhythm (FRR) assay was used to investigate rhythmic gene expression in T. atroviride IMI206040 and a mutant derivative, in which the wc-2 orthologue, blr-2, was disrupted. Over a 3 d period, expression of gpd, which encodes the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, oscillated with a period of about 48 h. In the Δblr-2 mutant, the gpd rhythm was absent. These results revealed that in T. atroviride, gpd expression is under the control of an endogenous clock and that clock-regulated expression of gpd is associated with a functional BLR complex. Using degenerate primers, a portion of frq, which encodes the N. crassa clock oscillator FREQUENCY, was isolated from T. atroviride and used to probe the FRR assay northern blots. No frq expression was detected at any time point, which suggests that the circadian clock in Trichoderma does not involve FREQUENCY. In a concurrent study, orthologues of rco-1 (rcoT) were isolated and sequenced from T. atroviride and T. hamatum using a combination of degenerate, inverse and specific PCR. RcoT is an orthologue of the yeast global co-repressor Tup1 and in the filamentous fungi, RcoT orthologues have been demonstrated to negatively regulate conidiation. Genomic analysis of all available rcoT orthologues revealed the conservation of erg3, a major ergosterol biosynthesis gene, upstream from rcoT in ascomycetous filamentous fungi, but not in the ascomycetous yeast or in the basidiomycetes. These studies have significantly contributed to our understanding of the regulatory factors controlling conidiation in Trichoderma and have multiple implications for Trichoderma biocontrol; most notable the promotion of conidiation by primary nitrogen and low pH. Incubation conditions can be altered to suit the nitrogen and pH preferences of a biocontrol strain in order to promote cost effective conidial production, however this is not easily achieved in the soil, where the biocontrol strain must perform in a highly buffered environment optimised for plant growth. Successful use of Trichoderma biocontrol strains may involve the screening and targeting of strains to the appropriate pH conditions or the selection of new strains on the basis of capacity to perform under a given range of conditions.

L’ostéopathie fonctionnelle est connue pour son action mécanique de rééquilibration des différentes structures du corps, action qui vient en renfort d’un processus permanent d’autoréparation de l’organisme. « Retracer la lésion sans irriter » dénoue les tensions myofasciales et produit des effets psychiques moins connus mais capitaux dans la clinique des troubles post-traumatiques. La prise en charge par ostéopathie fonctionnelle de patients « tout-venants » d’un cabinet privé a servi de pré-recherche qualitative pour repérer les mécanismes psychiques à l’œuvre. Puis la recherche quantitative AIVIO (Aide Intensive aux Victimes par Ostéopathie) a permis une prise en charge prospective randomisée sur plusieurs thérapeutes de victimes d’accident de la voie publique (AVP) recrutées dans un hôpital sur critère d’Etat de Stress Post-traumatique (ESPT) et/ou douleur. Cette recherche a montré l’efficacité d’une telle prise en charge par des résultats cliniques satisfaisants et statistiquement significatifs selon divers questionnaires (MOS SF-36, PCLS, DES, PPAG, BECK 21) Les résultats hautement significatifs concernent la douleur, la vie sociale et la santé psychique pour les victimes d’AVP. La taille des cohortes n’a pas permis de conclure sur l’impact du point de vue biologique, notamment sur l’évolution des taux bas de cortisol, pathognomoniques d’ESPT. L’évolution psychosomatique des patients, montrant trois différents destins, confortent les hypothèses de départ : 1/ Certains troubles anxieux post-traumatiques pourraient être soulagés par le soin du corps lui-même. Eliminer le whiplash et autres tensions myofasciales semble parfois réguler l’irritation neurovégétative et les troubles anxieux. 2/ Le cadre du soin ostéopathique produirait, en plus du travail somatique, un retour tridimensionnel (lieu-temps-niveau de conscience) sur la mémoire épisodique du traumatisme et ses affects liés. La part psychique du traumatisme s’éliminerait par réminiscence du traumatisme dans un état dissociatif paisible ou pendant un moment de sommeil. En cas de résistance au relâchement myofascial, induire délicatement ce processus habituellement spontané et inconscient relancerait le processus d’autoréparation psychique et somatique. L’induction ne parviendrait pourtant pas à diminuer les résistances lorsqu’elles reposent sur la colère, l’angoisse d’origine infantile et sur des difficultés affectives ou socio-économiques majeures. 3/ Dans d’autres cas enfin, le traumatisme corporel donnerait une occasion et un support somatique pour exprimer d’autres souffrances psychonévrotiques. Le symptôme douloureux post-traumatique serait alors maintenu par tension myofasciale. L’écoute active serait parfois suffisante pour libérer cette souffrance somatisée, surtout quand on connaît les mécanismes de défense spécifiques des différentes personnalités psychonévrotiques. Sinon l’approche psychothérapeutique conjointe serait conseillée en cas de névrose plus marquée ou de décompensation d’assises narcissiques fragiles. Du point de vue psychosomatique, nous n’avons pas observé de pensée opératoire ni de refoulement de l’imaginaire. Le symptôme étant déterminé par conservation d’énergie mécanique du traumatisme, il n’est pas métaphorique et ne devrait donc pas être interprété.

Este trabajo aborda la vida cotidiana de un grupo de disidentes a la dictadura franquista en la Región de Murcia entre 1940 y 1980, periodo transcurrido entre el inicio de la dictadura y el inicio de la transición. El hilo conductor son los testimonios orales de un grupo de hombres y mujeres corrientes que narran sus experiencias relacionadas con la represión, las cárceles franquistas, las ejecuciones, el hambre, el trabajo o el ocio, sin olvidar las distintas expresiones de oposición, desde las realizadas en la intimidad hasta la militancia activa en distintas organizaciones. Otras fuentes utilizadas son las archivísticas y las iconográficas. / This work set up the daily live of a dissident group confronted to the Franco at the Region of Murcia from 1940 to 1980, period elapsed between the beginning of the dictatorship and the beginning of transition. The conductor thread is the oral testimony of a group of common man and women that tell their experiences related with the repression, the jails, the executions, the hunger, the work and the leisure, with out forgetting the different expressions of the opposition, from those made in the intimacy, to those characteristic of the militant activity in different organizations. Other sources used also are the archives and the iconographic.

En mamíferos, así como en plantas, mutaciones en AND helicasas/ATPasas del la família SNF2, no solo afectan a la estructura de la cromatina, sino que también afectan al patrón global de la metilación del ADN. Sugiriendo una relación funcional entre la estructura de la cromatina y la epigenética. El complejo NuRD, el cual posee una ATPasa de la familía SNF2, está relacionado con la represión de la transcripción y en el remodelamiento de la cromatina. Nuestro laboratorio demostró que la proteína leucémica PML-RARα reprime la transcripción de sus genes diana por el reclutamiento de DNMTs y el complejo PRC2. En esta tesis, demostramos una relación directa del complejo NuRD en la represión génica y en los cambios epigenéticos en la leucemia promielocítica aguda (APL). Mostramos que PML-RARα se une y recluta NuRD a sus genes diana, incluyendo el gen supresor de tumores RAR2, facilitando que el complejo de Polycomb se reclute y metile la lisina 27 de la histona H3. Tratamiento con Acido Retinóico (RA), el qual se utiliza en pacientes, reduce la ocupación de NuRD en células leucémicas. Eliminando NuRD no solo provoca que las histonas no se deacetilen y que la cromatina no se compacte, sino que también provoca que tanto la metilación del ADN y de las histonas no se produzca, así como la represión génica del gen RAR2, favoreciendo la diferenciación celular. Nuestros resultados caracterizan un nuevo papel del complejo NuRD en el establecimiento de los patrones epigenéticos en APL, demostrando una relación esencial entre la estructura de la cromatina y epigenética durante el desarrollo de la leucemia, pudiéndose aplicar a la terapia de esta enfermedad. / In mammals, as in plants, mutations in SNF2-like DNA helicases/ATPases were shown to affect not only chromatin structure but also global methylation patterns, suggesting a potential functional link between chromatin structure and epigentic marks. The SNF2-like containing NuRD complex is involved in gene transcriptional repression and chromatin remodeling. We have previously shown that the leukemogenic protein PMLRARα represses target genes through recruitment of DNMTs and Polycomb complex. In this thesis, we demonstrate a direct role of the NuRD complex in aberrant gene repression and transmission of epigenetic repressive marks in acute promyelocytic leucemia (APL). We show that PML-RARα binds and recruits NuRD to target genes, including to the tumor-suppressor gene RAR2. In turn, the NuRD complex facilitates Polycomb binding and histone methylation at lysine 27. Retinoic acid treatment reduced the promoter occupancy of the NuRD complex. Knock-down of the NuRD complex in leukemic cells not only prevented histone deacetylation and chromatin compaction, but also impaired DNA and histone methylation as well as stable silencing, thus favoring cellular differentiation. These results unveil an important role for NuRD in the establishment of altered epigenetic marks in APL, demonstrating an essential link between chromatin structure and epigenetics in leukemogenesis that could be exploited for therapeutic intervention.

This graduate report is a description of my artistic development through the graduate program at the University of Texas at Austin. It records my development and growth as an artist in relationship to the concepts, materials, and processes I have been investigating and exploring in the past three years. The graduate report focuses on three important concerns to which I’ve been dedicated. First, materials are imperative to my work. I physically collect and use my father’s ordinary objects and transform them with raw materials, such as clay, flour, honey, chocolate, beeswax, and petroleum jelly. The decision of choosing raw materials is based on my personal and cultural experiences. I am particularly interested in exploiting raw materials because I believe these raw materials can trigger a particular memory, place, or relationship that I want to preserve and remember. Second, my process of making involves ritualistic aspects with repetitive acts. I believe that everyday practices are a way of reconstructing relationships and remembering home. I am interested in embracing emotional attributes that may be simple activities: spraying a piece daily to keep it wet or sewing a personal object until it is impossible to sew. Finally, through the relationship among the objects, repeated actions, and an anticipation that evokes magical power and charged energy, I methodically transform objects. I do this to celebrate emotions and to preserve not only these personal objects but also my memories of home. / text

No description available.