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1	Os poderes além da inquisição a sociabilidade dos familiares e comissários do santo ofício nas atividades seculares e administrativas locais. (Alagoas Colonial, 1674-1820) / The powers beyond the inquisition: the sociality of relatives and Commissioners of the Holy Office in secular activities and administrative sites. (Colonial Alagoas, Brazil, 1674-1820) Machado, Alex Rolim 05 February 2016 (has links) Peripheral characters - but not low importance - the Familiares and the Comissários of the Holy Office exercised important tasks in environments of Portuguese America. They called for nominations to exercise the office in support of the Court and the monarchy, seeking various privileges by using the occupation. At the societal level, helped harden prejudices against "subaltern races", as the Jews, Moors, blacks, American Indians and mulattos, both the ideals of "purity of blood" as the stabilization of slavery and the de-monization of customs and traditions. Guarded (as we would say today) "morals and good customs " of the Roman Catholic religion and Tridentine, against attitudes like “heretical”, “demonic”, “heathen” and “idolaters “ of the lower categories mentioned above. To maintain stable governance of the monarchy, obeyed to maintain the “com-mon good” and “social order of things”, designed to avoid attitudes that could shake the “harmony” that society as a whole. Seen it all, this dissertation hopes to examine an overview of the different attitudes, conflicts, friendships, wills, “mentalities”, social agreements and actions and/or inquisitorial in the spaces of “Colonial Alagoas”, with contributors in maintaining “old Regime” orders, while they were doing and reshaping one “exclusive order”, specific site in Portuguese America. Dealing with the events and prosopography, combined with the notion of structures, mentalities and “long term”. The draft document evaluation, both in its internal speech as the conditions of external productions, it helps to think of the assumptions that the agents of the Holy Office re-produced lusos values and customs, and on the other hand produced "new" - their in-terests - in experiences and their forms of power. Sometimes obedient to the monarchy and to the Court, other not. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Personagens periféricos – mas não de baixa importância –, os Familiares e Comissários do Santo Ofício exerceram tarefas importantes nos ambientes da América portuguesa. Pediam nomeações para exercerem o ofício em prol do Tribunal e da Monarquia, visando vários privilégios com o exercício do cargo. No âmbito da sociedade, ajudavam a enrijecer preconceitos contra “raças subalternas”, como os judeus, mouros, negros, ameríndios e mulatos, tanto nos ideais da “pureza de sangue” como na estabilização da escravidão e na demonização de costumes e tradições. Resguardavam (como diríamos nos dias de hoje) “a moral e os bons costumes” da religião católica romana e tridentina contra as atitudes ditas “heréticas”, “demoníacas”, “pagãs” e “idólatras” das categorias subalternas acima citadas. Para manter estável a governabilidade da Monarquia, obedeciam a manutenção do “bem comum” e da “ordem social das coisas”, pretendendo evitar as atitudes que podiam abalar a “harmonia” daquela sociedade como um todo. Visto tudo isso, a presente dissertação espera analisar um panorama geral das diferentes atitudes, conflitos, amizades, vontades, “mentalidades”, acordos e ações sociais e/ou inquisi-toriais nos espaços de “Alagoas Colonial”, sendo contribuidores na manutenção da ordem do “Antigo Regime”, ao mesmo tempo em que faziam e remodelavam uma “ordem excludente” específica local na América portuguesa. Lidando com os acontecimentos e a prosopografia, aliada à noção de estruturas, mentalidades e longa duração, pesquisaram-se documentos da época relacionados diretamente – ou indiretamente – dos personagens trabalhados nessa pesquisa. A proposta de avaliação documental, tanto em seu discurso interno como nas condições de produções externas, ajuda a pensar nas hipóteses de que os agentes do Santo Ofício reproduziam valores e costumes lusos, e por outro lado produziam “novos” – de seus interesses – nas vivências e nas suas formas de perpetuações de poder, algumas vezes obedientes à Monarquia e ao Tribunal, outras não Alagoas Colonial Inquisição Familiar do Santo Ofício Comissário do Santo Ofício Colonial Alagoas Inquisition Familiar of the Holy Office Commissary of the Holy Office CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::HISTORIA
2	Um arcebisbo em defesa do poder episcopal: as relações entre D. Frei Bartolomeu dos Mártires e o Santo Ofício português (1559-1582) / An Archbishop in defense of episcopal power: the relationship between Friar Bartolomeu dos Mártires and the portuguese Holy Office (1559-1582) Pereira, Juliana Torres Rodrigues 18 April 2017 (has links) Esta tese tem como objetivo analisar o projeto de Reforma da Igreja e governo episcopal levados a cabo por D. Frei Bartolomeu dos Mártires, Arcebispo de Braga (1559-1582), bem como seus conflitos com as demais autoridades que poderiam interferir em sua jurisdição dentro da Arquidiocese: o Cabido da Sé, a Coroa, e, principalmente, o Tribunal do Santo Ofício português. Em 1559, Bartolomeu dos Mártires (O.P) tornou-se a cabeça da mais importante diocese do Reino e desenvolveu ali um modelo alternativo para lidar com delitos religiosos. Durante seu governo sobre Braga, ele parece ter tido uma relação complicada com qualquer instituição que desafiasse sua autoridade. Tal postura difere do que se costuma afirmar como o padrão das conexões entre bispos e o Santo Ofício, geralmente caracterizada pela complacência e cooperação. Através de seus escritos, sua ação no Concílio de Trento, e especialmente a forma como regia sua arquidiocese, colidindo com poderes de diversas ordens para assegurar a afirmação de sua jurisdição, Frei Bartolomeu dos Mártires tornou-se uma personagem distinta que pode ser de grande ajuda para que se entenda a concepção distinta de Reforma da Igreja que motivou o episcopado tridentino. / This thesis has the goal of analyzing the project of Catholic Reformation and episcopal government conducted by D. Friar Bartolomeu dos Mártires, Archbishop of Braga (1559-1582), and his conflicts with the other authorities that could interfere in his jurisdiction within the Archdiocese: the Cathedral Chapter, the Crown and, most of all, the portuguese Holy Office Tribunal. In 1559, Bartolomeu dos Mártires (O.P.) became the head of the most important diocese of the Realm and developed there an alternative way to deal with religious crimes. During his rule over Braga, he seems to have had a complicated relationship with any institution that defied his authority. This position was very different from what is often said to be the pattern of the connections between bishops and the Holy Office, generally characterized by compliance and cooperation. Through his writings, his action in the Council of Trent and especially the way he ruled his archbishopric, colliding with distinct powers to secure the assertion of his jurisdiction, Friar Bartolomeu dos Mártires became a distinguished character who can be extremely helpful to better understand the specific conception of Catholic Reformation that motivated the tridentine episcopate. Catholic Reformation Concílio de Trento Council of Trent Ecclesiastical justice Episcopado Episcopate Holy office tribunal Justiça eclesiástica Reforma Católica Tribunal do Santo Ofício
3	Olhares inquisitoriais na Amazônia portuguesa: O Tribunal do Santo Ofício e o disciplinamento dos costumes (XVII-XIX) Oliveira, Maria Olindína Andrade de 02 June 2010 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:18:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 maria olindina.pdf: 2020288 bytes, checksum: 3720f6f7c3ee2ce2eea2597f1ae0078f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-02 / Study on the proceedings of the Court of the Holy Office of the Inquisition in the State of Maranhão e Grão-Pará from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. In this paper, we analyze the proceedings of the Inquisition in Portuguese Amazonia, focusing especially on the nature of the offenses practiced by the regional population and on the proceedings of the Court and its contribution to the regional policies of the Pombaline era, based on the study of the inquisitorial trials of Indians, negroes and mestizos, during the Visitation period of 1763 to 1773. / Estudo sobre a atuação do Tribunal do Santo Ofício da Inquisição no Estado do Maranhão e Grão-Pará desde o século XVII até o XIX. O objetivo do trabalho é de analisar a ação da Inquisição na Amazônia portuguesa, no que diz respeito à natureza dos delitos praticados pela população da região. Em especial, analisa a atuação do Tribunal e sua contribuição com a política pombalina para a região, a partir do estudo de processos inquisitoriais referentes a índios, negros e mestiços, pertencentes ao período da Visitação de 1763 a 1773. Santo Ofício Estado do Maranhão e Grão-Pará Holy Office State of Maranhão e Grão-Pará Visitation of the Inquisition. CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS: HISTÓRIA
4	Um arcebisbo em defesa do poder episcopal: as relações entre D. Frei Bartolomeu dos Mártires e o Santo Ofício português (1559-1582) / An Archbishop in defense of episcopal power: the relationship between Friar Bartolomeu dos Mártires and the portuguese Holy Office (1559-1582) Juliana Torres Rodrigues Pereira 18 April 2017 (has links) Esta tese tem como objetivo analisar o projeto de Reforma da Igreja e governo episcopal levados a cabo por D. Frei Bartolomeu dos Mártires, Arcebispo de Braga (1559-1582), bem como seus conflitos com as demais autoridades que poderiam interferir em sua jurisdição dentro da Arquidiocese: o Cabido da Sé, a Coroa, e, principalmente, o Tribunal do Santo Ofício português. Em 1559, Bartolomeu dos Mártires (O.P) tornou-se a cabeça da mais importante diocese do Reino e desenvolveu ali um modelo alternativo para lidar com delitos religiosos. Durante seu governo sobre Braga, ele parece ter tido uma relação complicada com qualquer instituição que desafiasse sua autoridade. Tal postura difere do que se costuma afirmar como o padrão das conexões entre bispos e o Santo Ofício, geralmente caracterizada pela complacência e cooperação. Através de seus escritos, sua ação no Concílio de Trento, e especialmente a forma como regia sua arquidiocese, colidindo com poderes de diversas ordens para assegurar a afirmação de sua jurisdição, Frei Bartolomeu dos Mártires tornou-se uma personagem distinta que pode ser de grande ajuda para que se entenda a concepção distinta de Reforma da Igreja que motivou o episcopado tridentino. / This thesis has the goal of analyzing the project of Catholic Reformation and episcopal government conducted by D. Friar Bartolomeu dos Mártires, Archbishop of Braga (1559-1582), and his conflicts with the other authorities that could interfere in his jurisdiction within the Archdiocese: the Cathedral Chapter, the Crown and, most of all, the portuguese Holy Office Tribunal. In 1559, Bartolomeu dos Mártires (O.P.) became the head of the most important diocese of the Realm and developed there an alternative way to deal with religious crimes. During his rule over Braga, he seems to have had a complicated relationship with any institution that defied his authority. This position was very different from what is often said to be the pattern of the connections between bishops and the Holy Office, generally characterized by compliance and cooperation. Through his writings, his action in the Council of Trent and especially the way he ruled his archbishopric, colliding with distinct powers to secure the assertion of his jurisdiction, Friar Bartolomeu dos Mártires became a distinguished character who can be extremely helpful to better understand the specific conception of Catholic Reformation that motivated the tridentine episcopate. Concílio de Trento Episcopado Justiça eclesiástica Reforma Católica Tribunal do Santo Ofício Catholic Reformation Council of Trent Ecclesiastical justice Episcopate Holy office tribunal
5	Servindo ao Santo Ofício entre a norma e o poder : os agentes inquisitoriais (1580-1640) Ferreira, Débora Cristina dos Santos 23 May 2014 (has links) Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-26T20:33:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Débora Cristina dos Santos Ferreira.pdf: 956365 bytes, checksum: 1cd7fd4868cca9e8b0c3723b5c473b09 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-09-27T14:15:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Débora Cristina dos Santos Ferreira.pdf: 956365 bytes, checksum: 1cd7fd4868cca9e8b0c3723b5c473b09 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-27T14:15:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Débora Cristina dos Santos Ferreira.pdf: 956365 bytes, checksum: 1cd7fd4868cca9e8b0c3723b5c473b09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-23 / O Tribunal do Santo Ofício da Inquisição foi estabelecido em terras portuguesas no ano de 1536, depois de uma série de negociações do rei de Portugal, D. João III, com a Santa Sé, um tribunal régio e eclesiástico, que se utilizava destes dois gládios para exercer seu poder. A estrutura institucional do Santo Ofício recebe seu primeiro regimento em 1552, sofrendo várias alterações até que o segundo seja elaborado em 1613, outro é escrito em 1640 e o último já no período pombalino em 1774. Estes regimentos tinham como função regulamentar a prática inquisitorial, desde os tramites e normas para a instauração de um processo inquisitorial, até as questões de manutenção de provimentos de todas as sedes do Tribunal. Também buscavam normatizar o exercício dos poderes dos seus agentes, estes eram leigos e clérigos, atuando não só nas sedes, mas também no ultramar, obter um cargo no Santo Ofício permitia à estes homens alcançar prestígio social e benesses, promulgadas por monarcas afim de conferir aos agentes inquisitoriais status social. Assim, acreditamos que pensar a composição do quadro inquisitorial é também pensar nas redes de negociações, nos espaços de promoção social. Concentramos nosso trabalho na legislação do século XVII, os Regimentos de 1613 e 1640, que pretendiam regulamentar a prática inquisitorial em cada uma de suas sedes, sendo elas Lisboa, Évora, Coimbra e Goa. Ao me debruçar sobre estas fontes procuro lançar olhares sobre as discrepâncias entre as mesmas, as inovações e novas condutas colocadas nos Regimentos, o crescente processo de burocratização da instituição e do seu corpo de agentes. Bem como entender os espaços de poder dos seus agentes dentro do tecido social. / The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition was established in Portuguese lands in the year 1536, after a series of negotiations of the King of Portugal, D. John III, with the Holy See, a court royal and ecclesiastical, who used these two swords to wield their power. The institutional structure of the Holy Office received its first charter in 1552, undergoing several changes until the second is drawn up in 1613, the other is written in 1640 and last longer during Pombal in 1774. These regiments had to regulate the practice inquisitorial function, since the procedures and standards for the establishment of an inquisitorial process until issues of maintenance provisionses of all seats of the Court. Also sought to regulate the exercise of the powers of its officers, these were laymen and clerics, acting not only in offices but also overseas, obtaining a post in the Inquisition allowed these men to achieve social prestige and handouts, enacted by monarchs in order to give agents inquisitorial social status. Thus, we believe that the composition of the thinking is inquisitorial also think the networks of negotiations, the spaces of social promotion. We focus our work in the law of the seventeenth century, Regiments 1613 and 1640, which sought to regulate the practice inquisitorial in each of their offices, and they Lisbon, Evora, Coimbra and Goa. To dwell on these sources seek glances about the discrepancy between them, the innovations and new practices put in Regiments, the growing process of bureaucratization of the institution and its body agents. And understand the positions of power of its agents within the social fabric. CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::HISTORIA Inquisição portuguesa Agentes do Santo Ofício Norma Poder Portuguese inquisition Agents of the Holy Office Standard Power
6	Em busca dos privilégios : benesses atribuídas aos homens da Familiatura colonial do Santo Ofício no Pernambuco setecentista, c. 1700 a c. 1750 SILVA, Davi Celestino da 25 February 2016 (has links) Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-11T14:07:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Davi Celestino da Silva.pdf: 2293123 bytes, checksum: 2ef43982d4e0e9919da45a8695c0c6e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-11T14:07:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Davi Celestino da Silva.pdf: 2293123 bytes, checksum: 2ef43982d4e0e9919da45a8695c0c6e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Recently, we stop thinking as peripheral overseas domains of the Portuguese Empire and thus embarked on investigations that increasingly helps in understanding the dynamics of the four corners that were colonized by that empire. Part of those investigations was and is envisioned by the inquisitorial documents. In our case, the study about the family of the Holy Office which acted on the captaincy of Pernambuco in a period from 1700 to 1750, became telling about practices and mobility mechanisms and social recognition within the Ancien Régime logic, logic this that makes us better understand the kingdom's relationship with the Portuguese America. The dissertation that has now presented by central concern prove some results about the actions of members of the colonial Familiatura the Holy Office in Pernambuco. In relation to the specific actions and procedures carried out by agents of the Portuguese inquisitorial Familiatura here in Pernambuco, were a greater or lesser extent, clothed in a move by the pursuit of social recognition. For Max Weber, social recognition in the Old Regime was marked in a structure of "estamental type" based on the honor and privilege, ie, the very essence of European societies the time of the lights. Be familiar of the Holy Office has become synonymous with prestige and "confirmation" public and notorious clean descent. This meant being Clean blood "infectious" of New Christian, Moorish, mulatto or other types rejected socially. Especially to the businessmen of Pernambuco eighteenth century. Pernambuco was one of the captaincies of Portuguese America that most had the agents of the Holy Office Familiatura Portuguese. Thus, our study sought to study the family, especially in the town of Recife, in the context of mobility and social recognition, that is, try to understand to what point in their lives sought to be a relative of the Holy Office; for what reasons and what the place of the inquisitorial Familiatura within Pernambuco? Examples are the close relationship of businessmen with the colonial Familiatura the Holy Office of Pernambuco, or the significant presence of relatives in stations and offices of the social positions of power as the Senate Chamber and the Third Order of Recife. / Recentemente, deixamos de pensar como periféricos os domínios ultramarinos do Império português, e desse modo nos enveredamos em investigações que cada vez mais nos facilita a compreensão das dinâmicas dos quatro cantos que foram colonizados por aquele império. Parte daquelas investigações foi e é vislumbrada pelos documentos inquisitoriais. No nosso caso, o estudo acerca dos familiares do Santo Ofício que atuaram na Capitania de Pernambuco num período compreendido entre 1700 a 1750, tornou-se revelador a respeito de práticas e mecanismos de mobilidade e reconhecimento social dentro da lógica do Antigo Regime. Lógica esta que nos faz compreender melhor a relação do reino com a América portuguesa. A dissertação que ora apresentamos tem por preocupação central revelar alguns resultados acerca das ações dos integrantes da Familiatura colonial do Santo Ofício em Pernambuco. Já com relação às ações e procedimentos específicos executados pelos agentes da Familiatura inquisitorial portuguesa aqui em Pernambuco, fossem em menor ou maior proporção, revestia-se num movimento pela busca do reconhecimento social. Para Max Weber, o reconhecimento social no Antigo Regime foi pautado numa estrutura de “tipo estamental”, baseada na honra e no privilégio, ou seja, a própria essência das sociedades européias à época das luzes. Ser familiar do Santo Ofício tornou-se sinônimo de prestigio e “confirmação” pública e notória de ascendência limpa. Isto significava ser Limpo de sangue, “infecto” de cristão-novo, mouro, mulato ou outras tipologias rejeitadas socialmente. Sobretudo, para os homens de negócios do Pernambuco setecentista. Pernambuco foi uma das capitanias da América portuguesa que mais contou com os agentes da Familiatura do Santo Ofício português. Desse modo, nosso trabalho buscou estudar os familiares, sobretudo na vila do Recife, na perspectiva da mobilidade e reconhecimento social, isto é, tentar compreender em que momento de suas vidas procuraram ser familiares do Santo Ofício; por quais motivos e qual era o lugar da Familiatura inquisitorial no espaço de Pernambuco? Como exemplos, temos a estreita relação dos homens de negócios com a Familiatura colonial do Santo Ofício de Pernambuco ou a significativa presença de familiares nos postos e ofícios dos espaços sociais de poder como a Câmara do Senado e a Ordem Terceira do Recife. Familiatura colonial Familiar do Santo Ofício Reconhecimento social Capitania de Pernambuco Colonial familiatura Family of the Holy Office Social recognition Captaincy of Pernambuco CIENCIAS HUMANAS::HISTORIA
7	Institution et charisme dans l'Église de 1846 à nos jours : la question du jugement épiscopal sur les apparitions mariales modernes et contemporaines / On spiritual charisms : the role of the Church as an Institution between 1846 and today : the question of the bishop's judgment concerning modern and contemporary marian apparitions Bouflet, Joachim 14 February 2014 (has links) Le 4 novembre 1847, Mgr de Bruillard, évêque de Grenoble, institue une commission d'enquête destinée à préparer le jugement doctrinal qu'il doit porter sur l'apparition alléguée de la Vierge Marie à La Salette le 19 septembre 1846. S'il ne fait en cela que reprendre les règles classiques de l'Eglise en matière de discernement des esprits, il innove en définissant de façon rigoureuse le cadre canonique dans lequel doit s'exercer ce discernement, selon une procédure calquée pour partie sur celle préconisée en matière de canonisations par le De servorum Dei beatificatione et de beatorum canonizatione (1734-1738) de Prospero Lambertini, futur pape Benoît XIV. Pour exemplaire que se veuille cette procédure – adoptée par un nombre croissant d'évêques concernés par des faits d'apparitions dans leurs diocèses –, pour efficace qu'elle se révèle, elle se heurte rapidement à divers obstacles montrant ses limites, obstacles dont les moindres ne sont pas, au XXe siècle jusqu'au concile Vatican II, les interventions de plus en plus fréquentes du Saint Office auprès des évêques. Après Vatican II, une plus grande latitude sera laissée aux évêques, mais les répercussions au niveau mondial de certaines mariophanies amèneront la Congrégation pour la doctrine de la foi à édicter en 1978 des Normes générales, véritable feuille de route destinée aux évêques. Ces Normes seront néanmoins rendues bientôt inapplicables à cause de l'émergence de nouveaux types de mariophanies, dont la matrice est le “phénomène Medjugorje” (1981) : qualifiée d'apparition de rupture, cette mariophanie pose, par ses implications non seulement religieuses, mais également sociétales et même politiques, la question de la réaction de l'institution ecclésiale face à des faits et des attitudes qui, tout en se réclamant de l'Église, prétendent se soustraire pour partie à son jugement sous le prétexte d'une plus libre et immédiate insertion dans l'histoire actuelle des hommes, et où l'efficacité temporelle du phénomène le dispute à son authenticité spirituelle et à sa fonction ecclésiale, au risque de constituer le principal critère de jugement de la mariophanie. / On the 4th of November 1847, Msgr de Bruillard, the Bishop of Grenoble, sets up a commis-sion of inquiry aimed at clearing the way for the doctrinal judgment he will have to pass on the alleged apparition of the Virgin Mary at La Salette on the 19th of September 1846. In doing so is merely applying once again the usual rules of the Church in matters pertaining to the discernment of spirits, but he actually does innovate by rigorously definiting the canonical framework within which this judgment must be exercised, following – in matters regarding the question of canonization – a procedure which, to some extent, faithfully reflected the one already favoured by the De servorum Dei beatificatione et de beatorum canonizatione (1734-1738) by Prospero Lambertini (the future pope Benedict XIV). Even though it aims to serve as a model (adopted by a growing number of bishops having to come to terms with events of apparitions in their dioceses), and however efficient it proves to be, this type of procedure soon meets with a variety of obstacles exposing its own limitations : among these obstacles one could not minimize the increasingly frequent interference of the Holy Office in its dealings with the bishops, before the Second Vatican Council. After the Council, the bishops are given more leeway, but the repercussions – on a world scale – of certain mariophanies will induce the Congregation for the Doctrine of the faith to edict in 1978 a set of general Norms, offering the bishops the guiding lines of a roadmap. Nevertheless, these norms will soon become inapplicable, in the face of newly emerging types of mariophanies, whose primary source is the 'Medjugorje case' (1981). Because of its implications – not just religious, but political and societal as well – this mariophany has been dubbed the breaking point apparition, raising the question of how the ecclesiastical Institution should respond to facts and attitudes which, while pretending to speak in the name of the Church, claim the right to disregard part of her decisions, by using as an excuse the need for a more open-minded and a more immediate involvement in the history of mankind – as it appears nowadays ; so much so that, conflicting with the judgments on the authenticity of the case and its relevance for the Church, the claimed fruitfulness of the event runs the risk og beeing viewed as the principal criterion for a judgment on the phenomenon itself. Apparition Vision Mariophanie Visionnaire Stigmates Stigmatisé (e,s) Évêque Saint Office Congrégation pour la doctrine de la foi Commission d'enquête Jugement doctrinal Mesure pastorale Sanctuaire Pèlerinage Apparition Vision Mariophany Stigmata Stigmatist (s) Bishop Holy Office Commission of inquiry Doctrinal judgment Pastoral measure Sanctuary Pilgrimage
8	A Pragmatic Standard of Legal Validity Tyler, John 2012 May 1900 (has links) American jurisprudence currently applies two incompatible validity standards to determine which laws are enforceable. The natural law tradition evaluates validity by an uncertain standard of divine law, and its methodology relies on contradictory views of human reason. Legal positivism, on the other hand, relies on a methodology that commits the analytic fallacy, separates law from its application, and produces an incomplete model of law. These incompatible standards have created a schism in American jurisprudence that impairs the delivery of justice. This dissertation therefore formulates a new standard for legal validity. This new standard rejects the uncertainties and inconsistencies inherent in natural law theory. It also rejects the narrow linguistic methodology of legal positivism. In their stead, this dissertation adopts a pragmatic methodology that develops a standard for legal validity based on actual legal experience. This approach focuses on the operations of law and its effects upon ongoing human activities, and it evaluates legal principles by applying the experimental method to the social consequences they produce. Because legal history provides a long record of past experimentation with legal principles, legal history is an essential feature of this method. This new validity standard contains three principles. The principle of reason requires legal systems to respect every subject as a rational creature with a free will. The principle of reason also requires procedural due process to protect against the punishment of the innocent and the tyranny of the majority. Legal systems that respect their subjects' status as rational creatures with free wills permit their subjects to orient their own behavior. The principle of reason therefore requires substantive due process to ensure that laws provide dependable guideposts to individuals in orienting their behavior. The principle of consent recognizes that the legitimacy of law derives from the consent of those subject to its power. Common law custom, the doctrine of stare decisis, and legislation sanctioned by the subjects' legitimate representatives all evidence consent. The principle of autonomy establishes the authority of law. Laws must wield supremacy over political rulers, and political rulers must be subject to the same laws as other citizens. Political rulers may not arbitrarily alter the law to accord to their will. Legal history demonstrates that, in the absence of a validity standard based on these principles, legal systems will not treat their subjects as ends in themselves. They will inevitably treat their subjects as mere means to other ends. Once laws do this, men have no rest from evil. natural law theory legal positivism HLA Hart William Blackstone John Locke Jeremy Bentham John Austin Galileo Socrates Trotsky Athens Soviet law Stuart dynasty John Dewey Dewey Commission Sidney Hook Congregation of the Holy Office Galileo Affair trial of Socrates Moscow Trials trial of Galileo heresy trial of Trotsky reason autonomy consent philosophy of law pragmatism Kant Inquisition ostracism Anaxagoras Protagoras Alcibiades Arginusae Pericles Peloponnesian War Solon Ephialtes Apology Plato Herodotus Xenophon Plutarch Roscoe Pound common law Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. The Common Law The Path of the Law Learned Hand Christopher Columbus Langdell Ronald Dworkin Lon Fuller Lenin Stalin King Rex Sergei Kirov Permanent Revolution Socialism in One Country Great Terror Dekulakization Holomodor Terror Famine Italian positivist school Harold J. Berman Gustav Radbruch Ramon Mercader Trotsky assassination Marteman Ryutin Old Bolsheviks Genrikh Yagoda Pope Urban VIII Walter Duranty Harold Denny New York Times Joseph E. Davies Mission to Moscow New Republic John F. Finerty Lev Sedov Military Collegium Vasili Ulrikh Gaspare Borgia Cardinal Robert Bellarmine Pericles Father Commissary Michelangelo Segizzi Cardinal Francesco Barberini Cardinal Maffeo Barberini Siderius Nuncius Starry Messenger Accademia dei Lincei Letters on Sunspots Friar Tommaso Caccini Niccolo Lorini Commentaries on the Laws of England Second Treatise on Civil Government Henry de Bracton Sir Edward Coke Sir John Fortescue Matthew Hale Ranulf de Glanvil James I Charles I James II Charles II ship money forest fines distraint of knighthood impositions dispensing power royal prerogative Duke of Buckingham Oliver Cromwell Bishops Wars William Prynne Great Migration Declaration of Indulgence Settlement Act Test Act Protectorate Clarendon Code Quaker Act William and Mary English Civil War Puritan Revolution Glorious Revolution Thirty Years' War Earl of Shaftesbuty William Laud Historiomatrix Long Parliament Rump Parliament Barebones Parliament sociological jurisprudence Red Terror war communism New Economic Policy 1926 Criminal Code Kirov Amendments judicial discretion semantic sting The Concept of Law Fragments on Government The Province of Jurisprudence Determined A Fragment on Government Anarchical Fallacies primary rules secondary rules rule of recognition legal validity internal point of view external point of view law as prediction the bad man perspective on law life of the law page of history Basilikon Doron Trew Law of Free Monarchies

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