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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is
provided by the
Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
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Showing 81 to 84 of 84 (0.013 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"moscow"" "subject:"roscow""
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[pt] ALÉM DA GUERRA FRIA: A MAXIMIZAÇÃO DA FLEXIBILIDADE ESTRATÉGICA NORTE-AMERICANA E O TRATADO DE MOSCOU (2002) / [en] BEYOND THE COLD WAR: THE MAXIMIZATION OF U.S. STRATEGIC FLEXIBILITY ANDDIEGO SANTOS VIEIRA DE JESUS 18 May 2005 (has links)
[pt] O principal objetivo da dissertação é explicar a assinatura do Tratado sobre
Reduções Ofensivas Estratégicas - o Tratado de Moscou – pelo presidente
George W. Bush e a aprovação unânime, pelos senadores norte-americanos, da
resolução de conselho e consentimento para a ratificação do tratado. Tais
decisões são vistas como resultados de um jogo de negociação no qual se
observam a interação e a influência recíproca entre os níveis internacional e
doméstico. As hipóteses indicam que membros do Executivo e grande parte do
Senado norte-americanos mostraram-se interessados no tratado – que estipula
uma redução substancial do número agregado de ogivas nucleares estratégicas
dos EUA e da Rússia, de modo a não exceder 1.700-2.200 para cada parte no fim
de 2012 –, pois ele garante a autonomia para definir como a redução será
implementada e para determinar a estrutura das forças ofensivas estratégicas em
face das novas ameaças aos EUA e aos seus aliados. / [en] The main purpose of the dissertation is to explain the
signature of the
Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty - known as the Treaty
of Moscow - by
president George W. Bush and the unanimous approval of the
resolution of
advice and consent to ratification of the treaty by the
U.S. Senate. These
decisions are seen as the results of a bargaining game in
which the national and
the international levels interact and influence each other.
The hypotheses
indicate that the members of the U.S. executive and a huge
number of the U.S.
senators were interested in the treaty - which stipulates
that each party shall
reduce substantially the aggregate number of U.S. and
Russian strategic nuclear
warheads, so that it does not exceed 1,700-2,200 for each
side by the end of
2012 - because it preserves the ability to define how the
reductions will be
implemented and to determine for themselves the structure
of their strategic
offensive forces, in order to respond to the new threats to
their country and its
allies.
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| 82 |
The Gothic versus the Russian. The conflict between the Church of the Goths and the Russian Orthodox Church : A comparison between the Church of the Goths (and similar churches) and the Moscow PatriarchateNygren, Isak January 2014 (has links)
This essay is mainly about the Church of the Goths and about the Russian Orthodox Church, and their conflict. The essay will be focusing about important persons in these two churches. This essay will be tracing back the roots of the Church of the Goths, since it is a church, that is unknown by most people in this world. My research will be making a distinction of the differences between the Church of the Goths and the Russian Orthodox Church. This essay will also be discussing the heritage of the Gothic people and the theories of the Goths.The methods in the essay, is academic sources, information from the Church of the Goths and from the Russian Orthodox Church. The results shows how the information was found, and now it is published for the first time about the Church of the Goths. This means the Church of the Goths has a stronger ground than first expected. The methods were comparing what the different sources says, and if it was possible to connect the Church of the Goths to the Metropolitanate of Gothia, and so on.
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| 83 |
Yalta, a tripartite negotation to form the post-war world order: planning for the conference, the big three's strategiesGrossberg, Matthew M. 08 1900 (has links)
British influence on the diplomacy of WWII, as it relates to postwar planning, is underappreciated. This work explores how the use of astute tactical maneuvering allowed Winston Churchill and Anthony Eden to impact the development of the post-war world in a greater degree than is typically portrayed in the narratives of the war. Detailing how the study of business negotiations can provide new insights into diplomatic history, Yalta exposes Britain’s impact on the creation of the post-war order through analyzing the diplomacy of WWII as a negotiation. To depict WWII post-war planning diplomacy as a negotiation means that the Yalta Conference of 1945 must be the focal point of said diplomacy with all the negotiations either flowing to or from the conference.
This analysis reveals that Britain harnessed the natural momentum of the negotiation process to create bilateral understandings that protected or advanced their interests in ways that should not have been afforded the weakest party in the Grand Alliance. By pursuing solutions to the major wartime issues first and most stridently through the use of age-old British diplomatic tactics, they were able to enter into understandings with another member of the Grand Alliance prior to the tripartite conferences. Creating bilateral understandings with the Americans on the direction of military operations and the Soviets over the European settlement produced the conditions under which the tripartite negotiations transpired. Options available to the excluded party were thus limited, allowing for outcomes that aligned more favorably to British interests.
A synthesis of diplomatic documents, diaries, and memoirs with historical writings as well as research on business and international negotiations brings to life the diplomatic encounters that led to the creation of the post-war order. To provide the reader a basis for analysis of wartime diplomacy, this work is broken down into two parts. Part I focuses on the strategies created for Yalta. Part II (future doctoral dissertation) will use these strategies to evaluate the performances of each party. Combined the two parts expose that British diplomatic maneuverings is an undervalued aspect of wartime diplomacy.
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A Pragmatic Standard of Legal ValidityTyler, John 2012 May 1900 (has links)
American jurisprudence currently applies two incompatible validity standards to determine which laws are enforceable. The natural law tradition evaluates validity by an uncertain standard of divine law, and its methodology relies on contradictory views of human reason. Legal positivism, on the other hand, relies on a methodology that commits the analytic fallacy, separates law from its application, and produces an incomplete model of law.
These incompatible standards have created a schism in American jurisprudence that impairs the delivery of justice. This dissertation therefore formulates a new standard for legal validity. This new standard rejects the uncertainties and inconsistencies inherent in natural law theory. It also rejects the narrow linguistic methodology of legal positivism.
In their stead, this dissertation adopts a pragmatic methodology that develops a standard for legal validity based on actual legal experience. This approach focuses on the operations of law and its effects upon ongoing human activities, and it evaluates legal principles by applying the experimental method to the social consequences they produce. Because legal history provides a long record of past experimentation with legal principles, legal history is an essential feature of this method.
This new validity standard contains three principles. The principle of reason requires legal systems to respect every subject as a rational creature with a free will. The principle of reason also requires procedural due process to protect against the punishment of the innocent and the tyranny of the majority. Legal systems that respect their subjects' status as rational creatures with free wills permit their subjects to orient their own behavior. The principle of reason therefore requires substantive due process to ensure that laws provide dependable guideposts to individuals in orienting their behavior.
The principle of consent recognizes that the legitimacy of law derives from the consent of those subject to its power. Common law custom, the doctrine of stare decisis, and legislation sanctioned by the subjects' legitimate representatives all evidence consent.
The principle of autonomy establishes the authority of law. Laws must wield supremacy over political rulers, and political rulers must be subject to the same laws as other citizens. Political rulers may not arbitrarily alter the law to accord to their will.
Legal history demonstrates that, in the absence of a validity standard based on these principles, legal systems will not treat their subjects as ends in themselves. They will inevitably treat their subjects as mere means to other ends. Once laws do this, men have no rest from evil.
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