Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CiroUM.pdf: 180800 bytes, checksum: 5c8149c852c090a5294eca846131c912 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-03-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The caprine milk is a product of high biological value and high digestibility. Due to these characteristics it is quite used by newly born children that are not breastfed or that are intolerant to the bovine milk. The vitamin deficiency is a public health problem in underdeveloped areas as the Northeast of Brazil and where areas the caprine ones adapt very well. The present study was led to analyze the influence of the feeding in the vitamin levels in the caprine milk. The animals used were the races Saanen and Murciana, divided in three groups. The first group with 38 animals of race Saanen and the second with 30 animals of race Murciana were, fed with concentrated and voluminous. A third group with 20 animals of the race Saanen was fed exclusively with voluminous. The four group was added with 10. 000 UI of retinol palmitato, administered directly, like capsule, in the mouth of animal. Parallel it was verified the level of retinol of milk in the beginning and final of the sucked, in the goats of the second group (race Murciana n =30). The retinol of caprine milk was determined through the system of liquid cromatografia of high efficiency (HPLC). The retinol levels in the studied groups were respectively: first (38. 5 ? 12. 7 ?g/100ml), second (40. 5 ? 9. 7 ?g/100ml); third, with 20 animals of race Saanen fed exclusively with voluminous (23. 1 ? 6. 7 ?g/100ml) and in the group a, suplementation with 10. 000 UI of retinol palmitato (43,7 ? 18,8 ?g/100ml) before, and (61,9 ? 26,9 ?g/100ml) after the supplementation. It was not found significant difference between the averages from animals of the first and second group, that were fed with the same concentrate diet and voluminous, showing that the retinol levels in the milk of these two races are equivalent. Already in the animals of the first and third group that they were fed with different diets, in those which diet was just voluminous, a drastic reduction was verified in the retinol levels. In relation to the retinol of the milk in different moments from the same sucked, it was observed in the beginning of the breast-feeding (22. 6 ? 9. 8 ?g/100ml) and at the end of the sucked (49. 6 ? 14. 7?g/100ml), being the difference between the averages, statistically significant (p < 0,0001). Already in the animals that were supplemented, a significant increase was observed in the retinol concentration, being obtained a medium response of 41,85% / O leite caprino ? um produto de alto valor biol?gica e alta digestibilidade. Devido a estas caracter?sticas ? bastante usado por crian?as rec?m nascidas que n?o s?o alimentadas ao seio ou s?o intolerantes ao leite bovino. A defici?ncia de vitamina A ? um problema de sa?de p?blica em ?reas subdesenvolvidas como o Nordeste do Brasil e nessas regi?es os caprinos se adaptam muito bem. O presente estudo foi conduzido para analisar a influ?ncia da alimenta??o sobre os n?veis de vitamina A no leite caprino e o fornecimento de vitamina A para crian?as e cabritos. Os animais usados foram das ra?as Saanen e Murciana, divididos em tr?s grupos. O primeiro grupo com 38 animais da ra?a Saanen e o segundo com 30 animais da ra?a Murciana, foram alimentados com concentrado e volumoso. O terceiro grupo com 20 animais da ra?a Saanen foi alimentado exclusivamente com volumoso. O quarto grupo, formado por 25 animais do primeiro grupo tamb?m alimentados com concentrado e volumoso, foram suplementados com 10.000 UI de palmitato de retinol, administrados na forma de c?psula diretamente na boca do animal. Paralelamente foi verificado o n?vel de retinol do leite no in?cio e final da mamada, nas cabras do segundo grupo (ra?a Murciana n=30). O retinol do leite foi determinado atrav?s do sistema de cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia (HPLC). Os n?veis de retinol no leite dos grupos estudados foram respectivamente: primeiro (38.5 ? 12.7 ?g/100ml), segundo (40.5 ? 9.7 ?g/100ml); terceiro, com 20 animais da ra?a Saanen alimentados exclusivamente com volumosos (23.1 ? 6.7 ?g/100ml) e no grupo suplementado com 10.000 UI de palmitato de retinol (43,7 ? 18,8 ?g/100ml) antes, e (61,9 ? 26,9 ?g/100ml) depois da suplementa??o. N?o foi encontrada diferen?a significativa entre as m?dias dos animais do primeiro e segundo grupo, que foram alimentados com a mesma dieta de concentrado e volumoso, mostrando que os n?veis de retinol no leite destas duas ra?as s?o equivalentes. J? nos animais da ra?a Saanen do primeiro e terceiro grupo que foram alimentados com dietas distintas, daqueles com dieta apenas de volumoso, foi verificada uma redu??o dr?stica nos n?veis de retinol. Em rela??o ao retinol do leite em momentos distintos da mesma mamada, foi observado no in?cio da amamenta??o (22.6 ? 9.8 ?g/100ml) e ao final da mamada (49.6 ? 14.7?g/100ml), sendo a diferen?a entre as m?dias, estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,0001). Nos animais que foram suplementados, observou-se um aumento significativo na concentra??o de retinol, obtendo-se uma resposta m?dia de 41,85%

La presente Memoria trata de estudiar la evolución del sector caprino de Murcia desde nuestro ingreso en la UE determinando en qué medida las ayudas percibidas han podido influir en el desarrollo del mismo, plateando los siguientes objetivos : Evolución censal. Estudio y evolución de los censos de ganado caprino en la Región de Murcia, tanto a nivel global como de forma pormenorizada, al estudiar dicha evolución en cada comarca.Evolución de las ganaderías. Se determinan las variaciones regionales y comarcales habidas en el número y tamaño de los rebaños. Su conocimiento contribuye a una valoración real de cómo evoluciona el Sector.Evolución de las producciones. Pretende estudiar las distintas producciones, especialmente las principales, leche y carne, cuantitativa y cualitativamente. Evolución que han sufrido, en función de las variaciones censales y tamaños de las ganaderías. Evolución de los tamaños del cabrito y producciones de leche y calidad.Caracterización de las explotaciones caprinas de la Región de Murcia, mediante un modelo de encuesta a los ganaderos, basada en los siguientes puntos : estructura de la explotación, manejo del rebaño, reproducción, selección, producción de cabritos, producción de leche, alimentación, mano de obra y sanidad. / This Report tries to study the evolution of the goat sector in the Region of Murcia since the incorporation of Spain in the EU determinating in what measures the received helps have affected the development of such sector and establishing the following goals:Census evolution: Study and evolution of the goat census in the Region of Murcia, either globally or specifically, studying such evolution in each region.Evolution of livestock farming .It is determined the different regional varieties in number and size of the flocks. Their knowledge helps to a real assessment of the sector evolution.Production evolution .It tries to study the different productions especially the main ones, milk and meat, both in a quantitative and qualitative way. Evolution that has been suffered by the census variations and size of livestock farming.Kid size evolution, milk production and quality. Portrayal of the goat exploitation in the Region of Murcia by means of an enquiry to livestock farmers which was based on the following points: structure of the exploitation, handling of the flock, reproduction, selection, kid production, production of milk, feeding, labour and sanitation.