The aim of this essay is to examine how two different schools in Södertälje municipality are working to include and integrate newly arrived high school students in the subject Swedish as a second language. I will do a comparative study in which I study the teachers’ completely opposite way of working to integrate newly arrived school students in the subject Swedish as a second language. I have used a qualitative method where I have conducted interviews. My main theory is Peder Haug's (1998) theory. He uses the concepts of “segregerande integrering” and “inkluderande integrering”. Overall, I would determine that the results of my study suggest that there are many ways that you can work with to achieve integration in school and in the Swedish community. The conclusion of this study is that the newly arrived high school students are integrated in different ways. I have found that the teachers’ in both schools are satisfied with their work and believe that both working methods are aiming at integration. Both schools despite the differences and the similarities in their working methods strive towards the same aim and that is that the newly arrived high school students is going to be integrated in school education and in society.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att belysa och analysera hur nyanlända ungdomar beskriver sina upplevelser av att börja om i en ny skola, i ett nytt land. Uppsatsen handlar om att förklara och belysa flyktingungdomars upplevelser av att börja om i ny skola och lära sig ett nytt språk och skaffa nya vänner och vad denna utmaning innebär. Med uppsatsen vill jag belysa språket och skolans betydelse för nyanlända elevers delaktighet. Min studie är baserad på kvalitativa metoder och jag har genomfört kvalitativa intervjuer med sex deltagare som har erfarenheter av att vara en nyanländ elev. Analysen av studien gjordes med IPA (Interpretative phenomenological analysis). IPA är en kombination mellan fenomenologi och hermeneutik. Teoretiska utgångspunkter är den sociokulturella teorin och postkolonial teori. Med sociokulturell teori analyserar jag delaktighetens och gemenskapens betydelse för lärandeprocessen bland nyanlända elever. Jag använder postkolonial teori för att analysera den postkoloniala ordningen i vår nutida skola. Jag har kommit fram till att nyanlända elever står inför en svår utmaning när de börjar skolan. Deltagarna upplevde att det var svårt att skaffa vänner, lära sig ett nytt språk och bli en del av samhället. Deltagarna upplevde både delaktighet och utanförskap i skolan och de har blivit utsatta för kränkning, stigmatisering och mobbning. Skolan hade en viktig roll i nyanlända elevers liv, speciellt under de första åren i Sverige eftersom nyanlända träffade jämnåriga och nya människor i skolan. Svenska språket är ett krav för att nyanlända ska klara sig och bli delaktiga i skolan. Det kräver lång tid för nyanlända elever att bli accepterade i skolan, lära sig ett nytt språk och anpassa sig till det nya landet. / The aim of this study is to illuminate and analyze how newly arrived adolescents describe their experiences of starting over in a new school, in a new land. The essay will explain and illuminate the refugee adolescents’ experiences of starting over in a new school and learn a new language and make new friends and what this challenge mean for them. The essay describes the language- and the school's impact on newly arrived students’ participation. My study is based on qualitative methods, based on interviews with six individuals who have the experience of being a newly arrived student. The analysis of the study was made with IPA (Interpretative phenomenological analysis). IPA is a combination of phenomenology and hermeneutic perspective. Theoretical premises are the socio-cultural theory and postcolonial theory. With socio-cultural theory I explain and analyze the participation and community importance for the learning process among newly arrived students. I use postcolonial theory to analyze the post-colonial order in our current school. I have found that newly arrived students are facing a difficult challenge when they start school. The participants experienced that it was difficult to make friends, learn a new language and become part of the community. The participants experienced both inclusion and exclusion in school and they have been exposed to violations, stigmatization and bullying. The school had an important role in the newly arrivals' lives, especially during the first years in Sweden because in school they meet peers and new people. Swedish language is a requirement for new arrivals so they will cope with life and get involved in school. It takes a long time for newly arrived students to be accepted in school, learn a new language and adapt to the new country.

This study investigates how social interaction affects newly arrived pupils’ views on their study situation in the Swedish educational system. The aim is to give a contribution to the discussion on the notion of including “the Other” in educational practice in multicultural schools. Semi-structured group interviews were conducted to explore how the intercultural perspective and the theory of inclusion can be used to explain the dynamics of social interaction. The main research questions were: how did social interaction take place in preparatory class and in regular class? In what way did social interaction affect the transitional period from preparatory class to regular class? Did social interaction have consequences for the informants as learners? The results show that newly arrived pupils had the opportunity to develop intercultural interaction skills in the preparatory class. Meanwhile, this organization meant educational exclusion, which might have contributed to the stress and anxiety they experienced later in regular class. The transitional period was problematic, since students had to struggle in two aspects. First, they had to catch up in many subjects though no significant measures were taken to their linguistic ability and former school experiences. Secondly, they had to assert their place in an environment with dysfunctional social interaction between some teachers and pupils in regular class. The conclusion is that schools have a dilemma in catering for both social and educational inclusion simultaneously. Despite this, many pupils expressed satisfaction with their school performance. This suggests that intercultural interaction skills, crucial for the pupils’ development, can be developed in the preparatory class. Schools need to implement an intercultural perspective in the educational organization and planning to include every newly arrived pupil. This calls for a holistic approach in pedagogic and social interaction between everyone involved.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka nyanlända barns användande av icke-verbal kommunikation när de leker fritt, samt om det är någon skillnad när en pedagog är närvarande. Det studeras också i vilka karaktäristiska lekar de nyanlända barnen använder sin icke-verbala kommunikation mest. Studien är kvalitativ och undersökningen är utförd genom observationer, som utfördes under två dagars tid. Observationerna har utförts på en mångkulturell förskola där fokus har varit på fri lek, den proximala utvecklingszonen, pedagogiska atmosfärer och icke-verbal kommunikation. Resultaten visar att de nyanlända barnen använder sig av icke-verbala kommunikationsformer när de leker med varandra, detta tydliggörs i fyra karaktäristiska lekar som beskrivs i resultatdelen. Vidare framgår det av studien att det finns skillnader i barnens kommunikationsstrategier när det finns pedagogiskt stöd i leken gentemot när barnen leker utan pedagogers stöd. / The purpose of this study is to examine the newly arrived children's use of non -verbal communication when they are playing freely, and if there is any difference when a preschool teacher is present. It is also being studied in which characteristic games the newly arrived children use their non - verbal communication the most. The study is qualitative and the study is performed through observations. The observations have been conducted in a multicultural preschool where the focus has been at free play, the proximal development zone, educational atmospheres and non-verbal communication . The results show that the newly arrived children use non-verbal forms of communication when playing with each other , this is made clear in the four characteristic games described in the results section of this study. Furthermore , it appears from the study that there are differences in the children's communication strategies when there are educational support in children’s play compared to when they play and do not have educator’s support.

Purpose: Our purpose with this study is to compare how the two selected schools in two different areas in Stockholm chooses to introduce and integrate newly arrived children in Sweden. The schools are located in the suburb and downtown in Stockholm. One school has chosen to integrate the child by placing him or her in a preparatory class and the other school is placing the child into a regular class. Investigation questions: We want to find out how the choosen schools are working with a newly arrived child. How is the child integrated and introduced directly into a regular class through teaching methods and teaching material and how a newly arrived child is integrated and introduced into a preparatory class through teaching methods and teaching material. We also want to find out if the community authorities in the City of Stockholm and the Swedish state have guidelines that schools are supposed to follow in the work with newly arrived children and whether our selected schools are working after these guidelines. Method: The study is based on two methods. One method are interviews, we interviewed three active persons from each selected school. We also interviewed a researcher in this subject and a person who works for the municipality with the reception of newly arrived children. The second method is based on textual analysis document issued by the Immigration Department (Migrationsverket) and the Education Department (Skolverket) as well as the Municipalities and Counties of Sweden (Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting). Theories: We have chosen to use two social theories: Mead's interactionist theory and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory. These theories are both based on the importance of social interaction for development. Conclusions: We have concluded that the most important thing is not whether the child is placed in preparatory class or a regular class. The key factor is how the teaching is, what resources are available and what skills the teacher has. We have also concluded that there are guidelines from the Education Department but that the schools in this study did not follow.

Mångkulturell hälso- och sjukvård har ökat i Sverige på senare år på grund av krig i Syrien, och oro i andra länder i bland annat Mellanöstern och Afghanistan. Det har medfört mänskliga tragedier och stora flyktingströmmar. Sverige har tagit emot en stor andel av flyktingströmmen. Detta ställer nya krav på distriktssköterskan som i ett tidigt skede möter flyktingarna. Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskans erfarenheter av hälsofrämjande och förebyggande arbete med nyanlända flyktingar ur ett vårdcentralsperspektiv. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med sju distriktssköterskor från olika vårdcentraler inom en västsvensk region. Materialet analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Det framkom åtta subteman och fyra teman i analysen. Huvudteman var: Egenvårdens betydelse för att främja hälsan, Förebyggande arbete ur ett vårdcentralsperspektiv, Att kommunicera via tredje part samt Samordning mellan parter. Slutsats: Distriktssköterskornas hälsofrämjande och förebyggande arbete var betydelsefullt för de nyanlända flyktingarna eftersom distriktssköterskan var en av de yrkesprofessioner som de träffade i ett tidigt skede. Egenvårdsråd utmärkte det hälsofrämjande arbetet med nyanlända flyktingar men kunde vara svårt då många nyanlända flyktingar var vana från sina hemländer att alltid möta en läkare. Det utmärkande för det förebyggande arbetet var framförallt arbetet med vaccinationsuppföljning, som innebar en stor och krävande arbetsinsats för distriktssköterskorna. / Multicultural health and medical care has increased in Sweden during the last few years due to war in Syria and unrest in other countries among others in the Middle East and in Afghanistan. This has led to human tragedies and big streams of refugees. Sweden has received a large number of these refugees. This poses new demands on district nurses who at an early stage meet the refugees. The purpose of the study was to describe district nurses experience of health promoting and preventive care of newly arrived refugees from a perspective of the care centre. Method: A qualitative interview study with seven district nurses from different care centres within a region in West Sweden. The material was analysed with a qualitative analysis of content. Result: The analysis resulted in eight subthemes and four themes. Main themes were: The importance of self-care in order to promote health, Preventive work from a perspective of the care centre, To communicate through a third party and Co-ordination between parties. Conclusion: District nurses health promoting and preventive care was important for newly arrived refugees as the district nurse was one of the professionals they met at an early stage. Advice on self-care characterized the health promoting work with newly arrived refugees but could be difficult, as many refugees were used always to meet a doctor in their home countries. Characteristic for the preventive work was above all the follow-up of vaccinations, which required big and demanding efforts for district nurses.

Municipalities in Sweden have had severe difficulties with providing housing for newly arrived immigrants that have been granted permanent or temporary residency in Sweden. There is a shortage of affordable apartments and houses in Sweden, due to multiple reasons. The purpose of this essay was to study social workers’ experiences and perceptions of the housing situation for newly arrived immigrants and the tools and strategies they possess to affect the housing situation.  The empirical data has been gathered through semi-structured interviews with seven social workers in three municipalities in Sweden. Our result shows that social workers in this sector have to deal with a wide range of emotions, such as stress, frustration, anger and joy. Furthermore, the result proved that current housing policies are not working in favour of newly arrived immigrants. The social workers interviewed in the study experienced that newly arrived immigrants had very limited possibilities to retain a place to reside in Sweden. We have analyzed our findings through the theoretical concepts of social capital and empowerment, and found that a person’s social capital has a large impact on his or hers housing situation. As a conclusion, we feel that further research about newly arrived immigrants and housing is needed so that unacceptable living conditions for newly arrived immigrants as well as stress and frustration for the people in this line of work can be avoided.

Den här licentiatuppsatsen behandlar berättade erfarenheter av att vara elev på Språkintroduktion. Programmet är ett av fem introduktionsprogram i den svenska gymnasieskolan och tar emot nyanlända ungdomar i åldrarna 16 till 19 år. Utbildningen på Språkintroduktion har en tyngdpunkt på svenska språket samt andra ämnen som eleverna har behov av att studera. Sålunda ska undervisningen organiseras utifrån varje elevs förutsättningar och behov. Studien bygger på intervjuer med språkintroduktionselever. Analysen fokuserar följaktligen 22 elevers berättade erfarenheter av att vara elever på Språkintroduktion. Elevernas berättelser blir ett sätt att förstå hur deras erfarenheter av programmet flätas samman med tidigare skol- och arbetslivserfarenheter liksom med tankar om framtiden. I resultaten presenteras tre teman som framträder i berättelserna.  Det första temat gäller samtliga elever och behandlar erfarenheten av att inte kunna svenska. Det andra temat innefattar vissa elever och synliggör två elevidentiteter som särskilt framträder. Den första av dem handlar om att gå från att vara en högpresterande elev till att vara nybörjare och den andra om att gå från att vara en elev med kort eller ingen skolbakgrund till att äntligen vara elev. Slutligen handlar det tredje temat om hur Språkintroduktion tar form som ett mellanrum.

The purpose of this study is to highlight preschool teachers’ thoughts of newly arrived children linguistics. The study is based on three issues that are created from the purpose. The study follows a qualitative approach through interviews with four preschool teachers at two different preschools in a medium-sized municipality. The teachers were employed in preschool and all worked with newly arrived children. The result showed that preschool teachers experience difficulties and obstacles in the work with the newly arrived children. Partly because they lacked education or tools to promote the children's lingustic development and also because a lack of time. Preschool teachers considered that the native lagnuage was an important part of the children's lingustic development and the results showed that the children had very different access to their native language in preschool. It also appeared that the preschool teachers used different methods, some as a conscious method of working, while others felt their way forward. The preschool teachers all agreed that children learn in interaction with other children and adults, and that was a central part of the preschool activities. / Syftet med denna studie är att belysa förskollärares tankar om att arbeta med nyanlända barns språkutveckling i det svenska språket. Studien bygger på tre frågeställningar som skapats utifrån syftet. Studien följer en kvalitativ ansats genom intervjuer med fyra förskollärare på två olika förskolor i en medelstor kommun i Sverige. Förskollärarna var verksamma inom förskolan och alla arbetade med nyanlända barn. Resultatet visade att förskollärarna upplevde svårigheter och hinder i arbetet med de nyanlända barnen. Dels för att de saknade utbildning eller verktyg för att främja barnens språkutveckling men också för att tiden inte räckte till. Förskollärarna ansåg att modersmålet var en viktig del i barnens språkutveckling och resultatet visade att barnen hade olika mycket tillgång till modersmålet i verksamheten. Det framgick även att förskollärarna använde sig av olika arbetssätt, vissa av ett medvetet arbetssätt medan andra testade sig fram. Förskollärarna var alla överens om att barn lär sig i samspelet med andra barn och vuxna och det var en central del i förskolans verksamhet.

The purpose of this study is to generate further knowledge about preschool teachers' work with newly arrived children who are in need of special support. Presently, there is a small amount of research in this subject and therefore I think it is a relevant topic to study. The study is conducted with semi structured interviews as a qualitative method for accessing the preschool teachers’ description of their work with newly arrived children in need of special support due to disabilities. It appears that it is a challenge for preschool staff to know what the need for special support is based on, whether due to disability or of being a refugee and the difficulties it contains. In order for preschool teachers’ to have the opportunity to use appropriate support, they need to have knowledge of the child's background and they also need to have well function communication with the parents. It is usually the staff at the preschool who first notice when a child needs supplementary support. With the preschool teachers' descriptions this study examines what perspective preschool teachers’ have on their work with newly arrived children in need of special support. This is done with help of four different special educational perspectives. This study shows that it is important to have good cooperation between preschool and parents, the parties are then dependent on well-functioning interpretive opportunities for the cooperation to function, which turns out to be varied.