The detailed comparative analysis of four Czech translations of Alexander Blok's poem The twelve is at the crux of this diploma thesis. Concurrently, it sets the assessment of translation mastery of each translation based on criteria of poetry translation as defined by the signifiant Czech theorecian Jiří Levý. Aesthetic interpretaton of the poem and the description of distinctive features of Block's poetry precede the main part of the thesis. The author comes to a conclusion only two of the translations can be called acceptable to present-day readers (Vojtěch Jestřáb's and Václav Daněk's translations). Nevertheless, the translation by Bohumil Mathesius has a certain aesthetic quality, and if it is looked at from a historical perspective it can be appraised as succeful translation work. The very first translation by young Czech poet Jaroslav Seifert satisfies current poetry translation criteria the least. But there is also an another reason for it: both the Seifert's and Mathesius's translations are greatly influenced by the former language standard (the language obsolescence manifests itself at differet levels). Yet, the latest translations differ too. Jestřáb's method focuses upon stressing exotisicm in his translation, whereas Daněk concentrates on naturalisation. Considering the fact that both...

The oeuvre of the Irish poet, novelist, playwright and essayist Eugene Rutherford Watters (later publishing under the name Eoghan Ó Tuairisc), who wrote both in English and Irish, has been mostly neglected by literary criticism. This thesis focuses on Watters' ambitious long modernist poem The Week-End of Dermot and Grace (1964), which has so far received only perfunctory critical treatment. Formally, The Week-End shows clear affinities with the works of high modernism (especially with the poetry of T.S. Eliot), especially in terms of poly- and multivocal qualities of Watters' overtly allusive language and the liberal employment of wide-ranging intertextual references. On the thematic level, the poem centres around Watters' preoccupation with the dropping of the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima on 6th August 1945 by the American forces, a momentous event that impelled the poet to questions about faith, civilisation, technology, and collective guilt in the context of the Irish neutral stance during the Second World War. Reflections on Hiroshima also led him to contemplate the role of the poet and poetry in the modern "atomic age". Given the aforementioned qualities of the work, the method chosen for the analysis consists of a close reading of the poem in the light of the historical, literary, and...

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La littérature persane est surtout connue en Occident par les excellentes traductions en français d'illustres poètes classiques comme Omar Khayyam, Roumi, Hafîz. Genre majeur de la littérature persane, la poésie s'impose pendant des siècles avec ses règles draconiennes de prosodie et de versification. Dans les années 1930, une jeune génération de poètes, sensibles aux transformations sociales, politiques, culturelles et ayant découvert la poésie et la littérature occidentales, s'est engagée dans une lutte systématique contre ces règles intangibles. Le pionnier de ce mouvement est Nimâ Yshij. Il rejette les règles de la poésie classique, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la métrique que la place de la rime. Ahmad Shâmlu, disciple de Nimâ, va plus loin en refusant même la prosodie. En rupture permanente, Shâmlu a marqué la poésie moderne persane, par son œuvre, par ses idées et par ses attitudes. Soucieux des événements de son temps et de sa société, ce poète, traducteur et directeur de revues, a lutté toute sa vie pour ses idéaux humanistes. Une anthologie de ses œuvres traduites en français permettra de faire découvrir aux amateurs ce grand poète persan moderne et contemporain. / Persian literature is best known in the West by the excellent French translations of famous classical poets like Omar Khayyam, Rumi, Hafeez. As a major genre of Persian literature, poetry has for centuries imposed draconian rules of prosody and versification. In the 1930s, younger generation of poets, sensitive to social, political and cultural changes, discovered Western poetry and literature, and engaged in a systamtic struggle against these intangible rules. the pioneer of this movment in Nima Yshij. Her rejected the rules of classical potry, where both versification and rhyme are concerned. Ahmad Shâmlu, a disciple of Nima, goes even further by refusing prosody. Breaking constantly with traditon, Shâmlu has left his mark on modern Persian poetry, in his work, and by his ideas and attitudes. Mindful of the events of his time and of his life for his humanistic ideals. An antthology of his works translatedinto French will enable poetry-lovers to discover this great modern contemporary Persian poet.

Si de nombreuses études ont envisagé l’importance décisive de l’œuvre de Mallarmé dans la modernité littéraire, poétique et artistique, plus rares sont celles qui se sont attachées aux lectures que les poètes ont pu donner d’elle. Or, il apparaît que, pour beaucoup de poètes après 1945, écrire n’a pas lieu sans que Mallarmé n’y soit présent, à titre d’objet de réflexion sur la poésie et le langage et, plus largement, comme un interlocuteur avec lequel l’écriture chemine et s’invente. L’étude s’articule principalement autour de quatre œuvres qui posent, avec acuité et parfois même gravité, la question de la poésie : Yves Bonnefoy, Michel Deguy, Jean-Michel Maulpoix, Henri Meschonnic. Il s’agira de faire dialoguer les points de vue et de parcourir les discours poétiques sur et avec Mallarmé. Et notre but est de montrer que l’œuvre de l’auteur d’un « Tombeau d’Edgar Poe » parle aussi bien pour elle-même que pour notre temps. Nous serons pour cela attentif à l’idée selon laquelle une œuvre est elle-même parce qu’elle est vécue à travers l’expérience de ses lecteurs. / While many studies have considered the decisive importance of Mallarme's work in literary, poetic and artistic modernity, those who have attached themselves to the readings that poets have given of it are rarer. But it appears that, for many poets after 1945, writing is not done without Mallarme being present, as an object of reflection on poetry and language and, more broadly, as an interlocutor with which the act of writing makes its own way and invents itself. The study focuses mainly on four works that pose, with acuity and sometimes even gravity and deepness, the question of poetry: Yves Bonnefoy, Michel Deguy, Jean-Michel Maulpoix, Henri Meschonnic. It is about making dialogue the points of view and going through the poetic discourses on and with Mallarme’s work. And our goal is to show that the work of the author of "Tomb of Edgar Poe" speaks as well for itself as for our present. For that, we will be attentive to the idea that a work is itself because it is lived through the experience of its readers.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-02-23T11:28:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DEUZÉLIA ROSA GOMES DOS SANTOS.pdf: 1327993 bytes, checksum: dfa2bc86bfc7e25c56b4738151465c71 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-23T11:28:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DEUZÉLIA ROSA GOMES DOS SANTOS.pdf: 1327993 bytes, checksum: dfa2bc86bfc7e25c56b4738151465c71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-22 / In this research we analyze and analyze the imaginary through the construction, transformation and or deconstruction of the symbols and myths, as well as analyze the rhythms and images enabling the accomplishment of the aesthetic effect in the narrative poem The History of the Spider Leopoldina by Ana Luísa Amaral and the poetic narrative The Young Lady of Marina Colasanti. For the accomplishment of this dissertation the bibliographic research method was used in an analytic-deductive way. Initially we demonstrate the trajectory, construction and evolution of Literature to the Work of Literary Art. Next we draw an overview of Children's Literature; From its genesis to contemporaneity, questioning its existence as subgenre of literature, genre for a specific reader or subliterature. This subject is treated with theoretical support from the critics Nelly Novaes Coelho, Antonio Candido de Mello e Souza and Regina Zilberman. We also present the works and their authors, the body of this dissertation. Symbols and myths are analyzed in the mitochristic view under the aegis of the imaginary theory of Gilbert Durant and Gaston Bachelard in order to understand the question of mythic actualization and its influence on the aesthetic effect. The rhythms and images, with the theoretical support of Paul Valéry and Octavio Paz, are analyzed as an agent of seduction, as a poetic instrument and as significant resources that accentuate and favor the occurrence of the aesthetic effect. At the end of the research we report three real cases that show the concretization of the aesthetic effect. The Theory of Aesthetic Effect discussed in this paper was founded on Wolfgang Iser. / Nesta pesquisa discorremos e analisamos o imaginário através da construção, transformação e, ou desconstrução dos símbolos e mitos, bem como analisamos os ritmos e imagens possibilitando a realização do efeito estético no poema narrativo A História da Aranha Leopoldina de Ana Luísa Amaral e a narrativa poética A Moça Tecelã de Marina Colasanti. Para realização desta dissertação utilizou-se o método de pesquisa bibliográfico de forma analítico-dedutiva. Inicialmente, demonstramos a trajetória, construção e evolução da Literatura à Obra de Arte Literária. Em seguida, traçamos um panorama da Literatura Infantil da sua gênese à contemporaneidade, questionando sua existência enquanto subgênero da Literatura, gênero para um leitor específico ou subliteratura. Esse assunto foi tratado com suporte teórico dos críticos Nelly Novaes Coelho, Antonio Candido de Mello e Souza e Regina Zilberman. Apresentamos, também, as obras e suas autoras, corpora desta dissertação. Símbolos e mitos foram analisados na visão mitocrítica sob a égide da teoria do imaginário de Gilbert Durant e Gaston Bachelard a fim de compreendermos a questão da atualização mítica e sua influência no efeito estético. Os ritmos e as imagens, com suporte teórico de Paul Valéry e Octavio Paz, foram analisados como agente de sedução, como instrumento poético e como recursos significativos que acentuam e propiciam a ocorrência do efeito estético. Finalizando a pesquisa, relatamos três casos verídicos que evidenciam a concretização do efeito estético. A Teoria do Efeito Estético discutida neste trabalho foi fundamentada em Wolfgang Iser.

A epopeia Os Lusíadas (1572), de Luís de Camões, estrutura-se, historicamente, sobre o achamento da Índia e, miticamente, sobre as mitologias greco-latina e judaico-cristã. A presença dessas mitologias divergentes em Os Lusíadas estimula a elaboração de uma epopeia portuguesa chamada O Oriente (1814), cujo autor é o padre português José Agostinho de Macedo. O Oriente é uma releitura de Os Lusíadas, e seu processo composicional caracteriza-se por negar e remover a sacralidade da representação dos deuses greco-latinos, substituindo-os pelas divindades judaico-cristãs, que Macedo exaltará, e por representar a Vasco da Gama como um herói genuinamente cristão, pois, segundo Macedo, Camões não o fizera. O narrador de O Oriente substitui as divindades representadas por Camões, tais como Júpiter, Baco, Vênus, Marte, Morfeu e Tétis, por figuras tais como Deus, Satanás, o Serafim e São Tomé. O narrador aceita e mantém, no entanto, determinados personagens da mitologia greco-latina em sua epopeia, tais como Luso, Lisa e Ulisses, por exemplo. Nesse sentido, José Agostinho de Macedo alinha-se à representação de Os Lusíadas. O narrador de O Oriente filia seu herói, Vasco da Gama, ao cristianismo, e representa-o como o eleito de Deus para a difusão da fé cristã no Oriente. O narrador, portanto, pretende emendar esses aspectos da representação de Os Lusíadas. / The epic poem Os Lusíadas (1572), by Luís de Camões, is based on the historical discovery of India and on the Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian mythologies. The presence of these divergent mythologies in Os Lusíadas stimulates the elaboration of a Portuguese epic poem entitled O Oriente (1814), by the Portuguese priest José Agostinho de Macedo. O Oriente is a rereading of Os Lusíadas, and its compositional process is characterized by denying and removing the sacredness of the representation of the Greco-Roman gods, who are replaced by the Judeo-Christian deities the autor intends to exalt, and for representing Vasco da Gama as a genuine Christian hero, because, according to Macedo, Camões had not done that. The narrator of O Oriente replaces the deities represented by Camões, such as Jupiter, Bacchus, Venus, Mars, Morpheus and Thetis, with figures such as God, Satan, Seraphim, and St. Thomas. The narrator accepts and maintains, however, certain characters from Greco-Roman mythology in his epic poem, such as Luso, Lisa and Ulysses. In this regard, José Agostinho de Macedo aligns himself with the representation of Camões. The narrator of O Oriente associates his hero, Vasco da Gama, with Christianity and represents him as the chosen of God in order to spread the Christian faith in the East. The narrator, therefore, intends to fix aspects of the representation of Os Lusíadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:31:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HIS - Fernanda R Galve.pdf: 972910 bytes, checksum: 7e449eda90e034b37347339b4180a4d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The thesis deals with relations between History and Literature to reflect the being and Recife as a city. Study about the poet João Cabral de Melo Neto through his book Morte e Vida Severina , written in 1954, which is a dramatic poem that approaches the tough life of the people from the Northeast Brazil and its social and historical aspects. In his literature, João Cabral mixes the historical moment to biographical elements in order to achieve an identity as a poet, he deals with images and facts, and consequently he can t consider poetry without History. Thus, the comprehension of João Cabral poetry depends on the comprehension of the historical moment, since the text dialogs constantly with concepts as culture and space. This research analyzes the connection between History and Literature, in order to show the poetry as a reflection of time and memory. This study uses a literary composition as its main source to investigate the Pernambuco society through the 50 s. Maybe this is the way to contribute to overcoming the ever-growing gap that separates the dream-like landscapes from daily life´s / A presente dissertação faz uma articulação da História com a Literatura, numa reflexão do ser e da cidade do Recife. Tem como objetos de estudo o poeta João Cabral de Melo Neto e sua obra Morte e Vida Severina - Auto de Natal Pernambucano , de 1954, poema dramático que nos conduz ao fluxo do rio da vida severina e nos leva a refletir sobre questões sociais e históricas que procuram levantar um retrato das condições e dos problemas do homem nordestino. Ler a lógica de uma obra literária é um modo de ligar-se a uma realidade histórica e, ao mesmo tempo, reconhecer os processos biográficos e a busca da identidade do poeta João Cabral. Seu trabalho com a palavra se faz na construção das imagens e dos fatos, pois não existe para ele poesia sem os acontecimentos e sem História. Assim, a abordagem do contexto histórico que origina a obra literária se coloca como compreensão da própria obra. Poesia com a qual se estabelece um diálogo constante, na perspectiva de pensar conceitos importantes como espaço e cultura. Analisa-se, ainda, a junção entre história e literatura, evidenciando-se que a palavra poética apresenta tempos e memória. Neste caso, a pesquisa propõe um novo olhar histórico que se utiliza de uma obra poética como fonte. Pondera, também, uma obra literária como percepção crítica e histórica da sociedade de Pernambuco dos anos 50. Talvez este seja um caminho possível de contribuir para a superação do desvão que separa as paisagens de sonho

Inventario (1973-2014) est une chronique de presse de longue haleine, basée sur l’empathie avec le lecteur et sur des formes de démocratisation de la culture, publiée dans le supplément Diorama de la cultura puis dans la revue Proceso de Mexico, et à laquelle le poète José Emilio Pacheco (1939-2014) se consacra jusqu’aux derniers instants de sa vie. La poésie trouve dans ces pages un espace privilégié de publication, de critique et de récits des faits. Notre travail de compilation de 1973 à 1983 embrasse l’époque de consolidation d’Inventario ainsi que le développement d’une écriture où se côtoient poésie et journalisme, histoire et littérature. Le poème de circonstance, abondant dans Inventario parmi d’autres formes expressives, permet une lecture nouvelle et intermédiale de l’oeuvre de l’auteur mexicain ; cette forme poétique loin de se trouver empesée par les événements promeut une pédagogie du passé. De manière complémentaire, Inventario se profle lui-même comme une poétique : en tant que possibilité d’habiter le monde en empathie avec les auteurs, les lecteurs et les textes ; en tant que manière de désacraliser et de démonter les hiérarchies latentes de la littérature ; en tant que versifcation de l’Histoire dans des fragments qui sont à la recherche de l’Autre et qui posent le problème d’un imaginaire multilingue, “expropriateur” de ressources naturelles provenant d’autres langues ; unechronique toujours éphémère et changeante . / Inventario is a long-lasting press chronicle - based on a feeling of empathy with the reader and on many forms of cultural democratization - which was published in the Mexican newspaper supplement Diorama de la cultura, then in Proceso magazine. The poet José Emilio Pacheco (1939-2014) devoted himself to this creation up to the last minutes of his life. Poetry finds in these pages a privileged publication space in which criticism and factual narratives are also involved. Our compilation - from 1973 to 1983 - embraces Inventario's consolidation period and the development of a rich writing in which poetry and journalism stand along with history and literature. Circumstance poems, which are very present in Inventario together with other expressive forms, engage an innovative and intermedial reading of the Mexican poet's legacy. Such poetical form is rarely starched by recent events, but promotes on the contrary an educational method to better apprehend the past. In a complementary manner, Inventario presents itself as a poetics for what it embodies: a possibility of inhabiting the world by following the readers’/ writers’ empathy; a form of desacralization and destruction of inherent and concealed literature hierarchies; a fragmented versification of History which seeks for otherness and questions a multi-linguistic imaginary system - an imaginary “expropriator” of other languages’ natural resources; an ephemeral and ever-changing chronicle. / Inventario (1973-2014) es una crónica empática, democratizante y de largo aliento, publicada en el suplemento Diorama de la cultura y luego en la revista Proceso de México y a la que el poeta José Emilio Pacheco (1939-2014) dedicó hasta los últimos minutos de su vida. La poesía halla, en estas páginas un espacio privilegiado de publicación, de crítica y de relación de los hechos. Nuestro trabajo de recopilación de 1973 a 1983 abarca la época de consolidación de Inventario así como el desarrollo de una escritura donde colindan poesía y periodismo, historia y literatura, hasta alcanzar formas devaluadas e incluso inusitadas. Nunca entorpecido por los acontecimientos sino sobrellevado como una pedagogía del pasado, el poema de circunstancia, abundante en Inventario, permite, entre otras formas expresivas, una lectura nueva e intermedial de la obra del autor mexicano. De manera complementaria, el Inventario se perfla como una posible poética: posibilidad de habitar el mundo en comunión con autores, lectores y textos, forma de desacralizar y desmoronar las jerarquías latentes en la literatura, versifcación de la Historia en fragmentos que buscan al Otro y plantean un imaginario multilingüe, « expropiador » de recursos naturales de otras lenguas, siempre efímero y cambiante.

九世紀中葉，突厥人在中亞建立了喀喇汗王朝，此時中國與阿拉伯的勢力對中亞已不構成威脅，而波斯的薩曼王朝也逐漸沒落，使得突厥人崛起並掌控了中亞。 　　相對於政治上的強勢，突厥人在文化上是處於弱勢的。許多語言和風俗都受到阿拉伯和波斯文化的影響而改變，所幸Kashgari Mahmut編寫了《突厥語大辭典》，保留了許多的突厥語和風俗習慣，因此這部書也就成為研究當時突厥人的語言和社會文化的重要典籍。 　　其中的詩歌和諺語是作者用來解釋字詞時所舉的例子，這些詩歌是傳統的突厥詩歌，諺語則是民族生活的智慧結晶，這兩者所記錄的當時突厥人的社會文化與思想是目前研究這個課題的第一手史料，可見其重要性。 　　本文對詩歌和諺語做了翻譯和分類，並且分析其中的涵意，再從分析所得的訊息來描繪出十一世紀突厥人的社會文化。