Global ETD Search

11	Book of Mormon Stories Diglot Reader on Computer Harmon, Neal S. 01 January 2002 (has links) (PDF) This report describes the design, development, and evaluation of a computer-based diglot reader of the Book of Mormon Stories of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Di means two and glot means language, thus a diglot reader combines two languages into one reader in order to teach a person to read in a new language. The program, which runs on both Macintosh and Windows computer platforms, contains fifteen chapters of the Book of Mormon Stories and introduces about four hundred Spanish words. This report includes a literature review on the diglot method and related materials, a description of the program and its features, and an evaluation of the program including eight one-to-one evaluations and a small-group evaluation. The small-group evaluation volunteers completed a pretest, studied the reader, completed a posttest, and filled out a questionnaire for their evaluation of the product. Finally, the report examines the strengths and weaknesses of the program and suggests some general guidelines for future diglot reader computer programs in general. Book of Mormon stories History criticism Polyglot readers Primary Electronic books First and Second Language Acquisition Mormon Studies
12	Vocabulary development in a grade 7 class using dictionary skills: an action research project Wells, Stephanie Alice January 2011 (has links) As I was involved as a voluntary, part-time teacher in a local, semi-rural school in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, I became increasingly aware of the learners' lack of English literacy. I therefore decided to do a practical research on vocabulary development, focusing on dictionary skills. In this thesis I describe how I implemented a vocabulary development programme as an Action Research project. My research group was a grade 7 class of English First Additional Language learners who had minimal exposure to English at school and in their communities. The class was a mixture of Afrikaans and isiXhosa home language speakers and the medium of instruction was Afrikaans. The school served a low-income community and was poorly resourced. As dictionary skills is a requirement of the national curriculum, I used 10 time-tabled lessons over a 5 week period to introduce the learners to dictionaries. My data sources were a journal detailing my reflections on each lesson; a video-recording of the lessons; small group interviews after each lesson which were audio-recorded; tasksheets on the work covered in class and questionnaires asking the learners for written responses to the lessons. The class teacher who filmed the lessons was also asked for feedback during and after the programme. My goals were to assess my teaching approach in these circumstances and to what extent the outcomes were positive for the learners. As I had come from a background of English Home Language teaching in good, well-resourced schools I found I had to question many of my assumptions. Although I was an experienced, qualified and confident teacher, I was continually having to reassess my teaching methods which were being challenged by very different classroom conditions. The outcomes of the research show why I was not able to achieve what I had thought I could in the time given.
13	Supporting multiple data stores based applications in cloud environments / Soutenir les applications utilisant des bases de données multiples dans un environnement Cloud Computing Sellami, Rami 05 February 2016 (has links) Avec l’avènement du cloud computing et des big data, de nouveaux systèmes de gestion de bases de données sont apparus, connus en général sous le vocable systèmes NoSQL. Par rapport aux systèmes relationnels, ces systèmes se distinguent par leur absence de schéma, une spécialisation pour des types de données particuliers (documents, graphes, clé/valeur et colonne) et l’absence de langages de requêtes déclaratifs. L’offre est assez pléthorique et il n’y a pas de standard aujourd’hui comme peut l’être SQL pour les systèmes relationnels. De nombreuses applications peuvent avoir besoin de manipuler en même temps des données stockées dans des systèmes relationnels et dans des systèmes NoSQL. Le programmeur doit alors gérer deux (au moins) modèles de données différents et deux (au moins) langages de requêtes différents pour pouvoir écrire son application. De plus, il doit gérer explicitement tout son cycle de vie. En effet, il a à (1) coder son application, (2) découvrir les services de base de données déployés dans chaque environnement Cloud et choisir son environnement de déploiement, (3) déployer son application, (4) exécuter des requêtes multi-sources en les programmant explicitement dans son application, et enfin le cas échéant (5) migrer son application d’un environnement Cloud à un autre. Toutes ces tâches sont lourdes et fastidieuses et le programmeur risque d’être perdu dans ce haut niveau d’hétérogénéité. Afin de pallier ces problèmes et aider le programmeur tout au long du cycle de vie des applications utilisant des bases de données multiples, nous proposons un ensemble cohérent de modèles, d’algorithmes et d’outils. En effet, notre travail dans ce manuscrit de thèse se présente sous forme de quatre contributions. Tout d’abord, nous proposons un modèle de données unifié pour couvrir l’hétérogénéité entre les modèles de données relationnelles et NoSQL. Ce modèle de données est enrichi avec un ensemble de règles de raffinement. En se basant sur ce modèle, nous avons défini notre algèbre de requêtes. Ensuite, nous proposons une interface de programmation appelée ODBAPI basée sur notre modèle de données unifié, qui nous permet de manipuler de manière uniforme n’importe quelle source de données qu’elle soit relationnelle ou NoSQL. ODBAPI permet de programmer des applications indépendamment des bases de données utilisées et d’exprimer des requêtes simples et complexes multi-sources. Puis, nous définissons la notion de bases de données virtuelles qui interviennent comme des médiateurs et interagissent avec les bases de données intégrées via ODBAPI. Ce dernier joue alors le rôle d’adaptateur. Les bases de données virtuelles assurent l’exécution des requêtes d’une façon optimale grâce à un modèle de coût et un algorithme de génération de plan d’exécution optimal que nous définis. Enfin, nous proposons une approche automatique de découverte de bases de données dans des environnements Cloud. En effet, les programmeurs peuvent décrire leurs exigences en termes de bases de données dans des manifestes, et grâce à notre algorithme d’appariement, nous sélectionnons l’environnement le plus adéquat à notre application pour la déployer. Ainsi, nous déployons l’application en utilisant une API générique de déploiement appelée COAPS. Nous avons étendue cette dernière pour pouvoir déployer les applications utilisant plusieurs sources de données. Un prototype de la solution proposée a été développé et mis en œuvre dans des cas d'utilisation du projet OpenPaaS. Nous avons également effectué diverses expériences pour tester l'efficacité et la précision de nos contributions / The production of huge amount of data and the emergence of Cloud computing have introduced new requirements for data management. Many applications need to interact with several heterogeneous data stores depending on the type of data they have to manage: traditional data types, documents, graph data from social networks, simple key-value data, etc. Interacting with heterogeneous data models via different APIs, and multiple data stores based applications imposes challenging tasks to their developers. Indeed, programmers have to be familiar with different APIs. In addition, the execution of complex queries over heterogeneous data models cannot, currently, be achieved in a declarative way as it is used to be with mono-data store application, and therefore requires extra implementation efforts. Moreover, developers need to master and deal with the complex processes of Cloud discovery, and application deployment and execution. In this manuscript, we propose an integrated set of models, algorithms and tools aiming at alleviating developers task for developing, deploying and migrating multiple data stores applications in cloud environments. Our approach focuses mainly on three points. First, we provide a unified data model used by applications developers to interact with heterogeneous relational and NoSQL data stores. This model is enriched by a set of refinement rules. Based on that, we define our query algebra. Developers express queries using OPEN-PaaS-DataBase API (ODBAPI), a unique REST API allowing programmers to write their applications code independently of the target data stores. Second, we propose virtual data stores, which act as a mediator and interact with integrated data stores wrapped by ODBAPI. This run-time component supports the execution of single and complex queries over heterogeneous data stores. It implements a cost model to optimally execute queries and a dynamic programming based algorithm to generate an optimal query execution plan. Finally, we present a declarative approach that enables to lighten the burden of the tedious and non-standard tasks of (1) discovering relevant Cloud environments and (2) deploying applications on them while letting developers to simply focus on specifying their storage and computing requirements. A prototype of the proposed solution has been developed and implemented use cases from the OpenPaaS project. We also performed different experiments to test the efficiency and accuracy of our proposals Cloud computing Données volumineuses Persistence polyglote NoSQL Bases de données relationnelles Requêtes de jointure Cloud computing Big data Polyglot persistence NoSQL Rdbms Join queries
14	Automatic Storage Optimization of Arrays Affine Loop Nests Bhaskaracharya, Somashekaracharya G January 2016 (has links) (PDF) Efficient memory usage is crucial for data-intensive applications as a smaller memory footprint ensures better cache performance and allows one to run a larger problem size given a axed amount of main memory. The solutions found by existing techniques for automatic storage optimization for arrays in a new loop-nests, which minimize the storage requirements for the arrays, are often far from good or optimal and could even miss nearly all storage optimization potential. In this work, we present a new automatic storage optimization framework and techniques that can be used to achieve intra-array as well as inter-array storage reuse within a new loop-nests with a pre-determined schedule. Over the last two decades, several heuristics have been developed for achieving complex transformations of a new loop-nests using the polyhedral model. However, there are no comparably strong heuristics for tackling the problem of automatic memory footprint optimization. We tackle the problem of storage optimization for arrays by formulating it as one of ending the right storage partitioning hyperplanes: each storage partition corresponds to a single storage location. Statement-wise storage partitioning hyperplanes are determined that partition a unit end global array space so that values with overlapping live ranges are not mapped to the same partition. Our integrated heuristic for exploiting intra-array as well as inter-array reuse opportunities is driven by a fourfold objective function that not only minimizes the dimensionality and storage requirements of arrays required for each high-level statement, but also maximizes inter-statement storage reuse. We built an automatic polyhedral storage optimizer called SMO using our storage partitioning approach. Storage reduction factors and other results we report from SMO demon-strate the e activeness of our approach on several benchmarks drawn from the domains of image processing, stencil computations, high-performance computing, and the class of tiled codes in general. The reductions in storage requirement over previous approaches range from a constant factor to asymptotic in the loop blocking factor or array extents { the latter being a dramatic improvement for practical purposes. As an incidental and related topic, we also studied the problem of polyhedral compilation of graphical data programs. While polyhedral techniques for program transformation are now used in several proprietary and open source compilers, most of the research on poly-herald compilation has focused on imperative languages such as C, where the computation is species in terms of statements with zero or more nested loops and other control structures around them. Graphical data ow languages, where there is no notion of statements or a schedule specifying their relative execution order, have so far not been studied using a powerful transformation or optimization approach. The execution semantics and ref-eventual transparency of data ow languages impose a di errant set of challenges. In this work, we attempt to bridge this gap by presenting techniques that can be used to extract polyhedral representation from data ow programs and to synthesize them from their equivalent polyhedral representation. We then describe Polyglot, a framework for automatic transformation of data ow programs that we built using our techniques and other popular research tools such as Clan and Pluto. For the purpose of experimental evaluation, we used our tools to compile LabVIEW, one of the most widely used data ow programming languages. Results show that data ow programs transformed using our framework are able to outperform those compiled otherwise by up to a factor of seventeen, with a mean speed-up of 2.30 while running on an 8-core Intel system. Automatic Storage Optimization Dataflow Programs Affine Loop Nests Lattice-Boltzmann Method Diamond Tiling Blur Filter - Interleaved Schedule Blur filter - Tiled Execution Affine Hyperplane Polyhedral Model Polyhedral Storage Optimizer Polyhedral Compilation PolyGLoT Polyhedral Loop Transformation Graphical Dataflow Language Intra-Array Sorage Optimization Arrays Storage Optimization Computer Science
15	Les imbroglios d'une communication exolingue comme véhicule humoristique. Une recherche-création performative Chamberland, Marie-Claude 03 1900 (has links) Mémoire en recherche-création / Cette recherche-création est consacrée à l’humour plurilingue, c’est-à-dire de l’humour généré par la juxtaposition de deux (ou de plusieurs) langues. Elle comporte deux œuvres originales relevant de cette thématique, consistant en un enchevêtrement d’allemand, d’anglais et de français. Chacune d’elles est analysée par le biais des concepts élaborés par le chercheur Dirk Delabastita pour catégoriser les jeux de mots polyglottes, ainsi que selon les principes de comédie et de jeux de langage élaborés par Henri Bergson et Pierre Guiraud. Il s’agit ainsi de comprendre quels sont les mécanismes susceptibles de générer le rire dans une performance scénique exolingue (lorsque la maîtrise d’une langue est inégale entre un artiste et son public), et, par le fait même, de les mettre en application dans les œuvres créées dans le cadre du présent mémoire. Marie-Claude Chamberland, autrice de cette recherche-création, est une comédienne, artiste de cirque, clown et chanteuse d’opéra performant ses numéros de comédie clownesque sur plusieurs scènes internationales, notamment dans des cabarets circassiens en Allemagne, en Autriche et en Suisse. La première œuvre de cette recherche-création, intitulée Poème, a déjà été présentée devant public au Palazzo Colombino de Bâle, en Suisse, en 2022 et 2023. Elle consiste en un numéro clownesque dans lequel un personnage récite un poème en anglais et demande à son partenaire (qui éprouve des difficultés en allemand) de le traduire phrase par phrase en allemand pour le public germanophone. Il va sans dire que l’humour issu de cette scène tient du fait que les traductions sont des plus malhabiles. Ainsi, dans le sillage de Delabastita, Marie-Claude s’intéresse ici, non pas à la traduction de l’humour comme telle, mais bien à la traduction en tant que véhicule humoristique. La deuxième œuvre, Tisch, consiste en une réflexion tenue en allemand sur la très grande variété de « tables » existant dans le lexique allemand. Le mot Tisch signifie certes « table », mais cette syllabe se retrouvant également à la fin de nombreux adjectifs allemands (« enthusiastisch »), l’humour naît ici de la décortication des termes, en faisant fi de la sémantique, et de ce jeu de langage émanent des types de tables dont aucun germanophone ne pouvait suspecter l’existence. / This research-creation is devoted to plurilingual humor, i.e. humor generated by the juxtaposition of two (or more) languages. It includes two original works on this theme, consisting of a jumble of German, English and French. Each is analyzed using concepts developed by researcher Dirk Delabastita to categorize polyglot puns, as well as the principles of comedy and language play developed by Henri Bergson and Pierre Guiraud. The aim is to understand the mechanisms likely to generate laughter in an exolingual stage performance (when the mastery of a language is unequal between a performer and his audience), and, by the same token, to apply them to the works created in this context. Marie-Claude Chamberland, author of this research-creation, is an actress, circus artist, clown and opera singer who performs her clownish comedy acts on several international stages, notably in circus cabarets in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The first work of this research-creation, entitled Poème, has already been presented to the public at the Palazzo Colombino in Basel, Switzerland, in 2022 and 2023. It consists of a clown act in which one character recites a poem in English and asks his partner (who has difficulty in German) to translate it sentence by sentence into German for the German-speaking audience. Needless to say, the humor in this scene stems from the fact that the translations are extremely clumsy. So, following on from Delabastita, Marie-Claude's interest here is not in the translation of humor as such, but in translation as a vehicle for humor. The second work, Tisch, is a German-language reflection on the wide variety of “tables” in the German lexicon. Tisch does indeed mean “table”, but this syllable is also found at the end of many German adjectives (“enthusiastisch”), so the humor here comes from deconstructing the terms, disregarding semantics, and from this play on language emanates types of tables that no German speaker could have suspected existed. / Diese kreative Forschungsarbeit ist dem mehrsprachigen Humor gewidmet, d. h. dem Humor, der durch das Nebeneinander von zwei (oder mehreren) Sprachen entsteht. Sie umfasst zwei Originalwerke zu diesem Thema, die aus einer Mischung von Deutsch, Englisch und Französisch bestehen. Jedes dieser Werke wird anhand von Konzepten analysiert, die der Forscher Dirk Delabastita zur Kategorisierung polyglotter Wortspiele entwickelt hat, sowie anhand der von Henri Bergson und Pierre Guiraud entwickelten Prinzipien der Komik und der Sprachspiele. Es geht also darum, die Mechanismen zu verstehen, die in einer exolingualen Bühnenperformance (wenn die Beherrschung einer Sprache zwischen einem Künstler und seinem Publikum ungleich ist) Lachen erzeugen können, und sie dadurch in den in diesem Rahmen geschaffenen Werken anzuwenden. Marie-Claude Chamberland, die Autorin dieses kreativen Forschungsprojekts, ist Schauspielerin, Zirkusartistin, Clownin und Opernsängerin, die ihre clownesken Komödiennummern auf mehreren internationalen Bühnen aufführt, insbesondere in Zirkuskabaretts in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Das erste Werk dieser kreativen Forschungsarbeit mit dem Titel Poème wurde bereits 2022 und 2023 im Palazzo Colombino in Basel, Schweiz, vor Publikum präsentiert. Es besteht aus einer Clown-Nummer, in der eine Figur ein Gedicht auf Englisch vorträgt und ihren Partner (der Schwierigkeiten mit der deutschen Sprache hat) bittet, es Satz für Satz für das deutschsprachige Publikum ins Deutsche zu übersetzen. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass der Humor, der sich aus dieser Szene ergibt, auf die Tatsache zurückzuführen ist, dass die Übersetzungen höchst ungeschickt sind. In Anlehnung an Delabastita befasst sich Marie-Claude hier also nicht mit der Übersetzung von Humor als solcher, sondern mit der Übersetzung als humoristisches Vehikel. Das zweite Werk, Tisch, beruht auf einer auf Deutsch gehaltenen Reflexion über die sehr große Vielfalt an ‘Tischen’, die es im deutschen Vokabular gibt. Das Wort Tisch beschreibt zwar den Gegenstand ‘Tisch’, da diese Silbe aber auch am Ende vieler deutscher Adjektive vorkommt (‘enthusiastisch’), entsteht der Humor hier aus der Zerlegung der Begriffe unter Vernachlässigung der Semantik. Aus diesem Sprachspiel ergeben sich Tischtypen, von denen kein Deutschsprachiger je etwas ahnen würde. humour jeux de mots jeux de mots polyglottes plurilinguisme exolinguisme traduction allemand-anglais-français performance scénique numéro de cirque art clownesque humor wordplay polyglot pun plurilingualism exolingualism German-English-French translation stage performance circus act clown art Plurilingualismus Wortspiele mehrsprachige Wortspiele Mehrsprachigkeit Exolingualismus Übersetzung Bühnenperformance Zirkusnummer Clownskunst
16	Bambine e ragazzi bilingui nelle classi multietniche di Torino / Il sistema scolastico a confronto con opportunità, complessità e sfide del plurilinguismo Ritucci, Raffaella 24 October 2018 (has links) Das Schulregister des Kultusministeriums MIUR verzeichnet, dass mehr als jede/r zehnte aller Schüler/innen in Italien keine italienische Staatsbürgerschaft hat, obwohl sie mehrheitlich dort geboren wurden. Zahlreiche Erhebungen weisen für sie im Vergleich zu den italienischen Mitschülern/innen geringere Italienischkenntnisse und weniger schulischen Erfolg auf. Innerhalb dieser explorativen Feldforschung haben Einzelinterviews mit 121 Schülern/innen (5.-8. Klasse) in Turiner Schulen und mit 26 Eltern, sowie die Auswertung von 141 an 27 Italienisch- und Herkunftsprachlehrer/innen verteilten Fragebögen ergeben, dass viele Schüler/innen "zweisprachige Natives" sind, da sie mit Italienisch und einer anderen Sprache aufwachsen. Dieser Polyglottismus, den die Interviewten sehr positiv bewerteten, findet jedoch in der Schulpraxis keine Entsprechung: Gezielte Förderung im Italienischen und der Unterricht der Familiensprache sind meist Wunschdenken. In der Kohorte haben die Schüler/innen mit den besten Italienischkenntnissen einen italophonen Elternteil bzw. kamen im Vorschulalter nach Italien und besuchten dort den Kindergarten. Dagegen sind, wie auch bei den INVALSI-Tests, die in Italien geborenen und die dann die Krippe besuchten, leicht benachteiligt. Was die Familiensprache angeht, verbessert ihr Erlernen die Kompetenzen darin, ohne dem Italienischen zu schaden: Im Gegenteil. Diese Ergebnisse bestätigen die wichtige Rolle der "anderen" Sprache für einen gelungen Spracherwerb. Das MIUR sollte also sein Schulregister mit Sprachdaten ergänzen, um die Curricula im Sinn der EU-Vorgaben umzuschreiben und den sprachlich heterogenen Klassen gezielte Ressourcen und definierte Vorgehensweisen zur Verfügung zu stellen. Mit geringeren Mitteln, im Vergleich zu den jetzigen Kosten für Herunterstufung, Klassenwiederholung und Schulabbruch würde man Schulerfolg, Chancengerechtigkeit und Mehrsprachigkeit fördern, mit positiven Folgen für den Einzelnen sowie für die Volkswirtschaft. / L'anagrafe studenti del MIUR registra come oggi in Italia più di uno studente su dieci non è cittadino italiano, pur essendo la maggioranza di loro nata in questo paese. Numerose indagini statistiche mostrano come gli allievi "stranieri" presentino, rispetto a quelli italiani, ridotte competenze in italiano e minore successo scolastico. Questa ricerca esplorativa svolta in alcune scuole di Torino (V elementare-III media) ha analizzato dati ottenuti tramite interviste semi-strutturate a 121 studenti e 26 genitori e 141 questionari compilati da 27 insegnanti di italiano e di lingua di famiglia. Da essa è emerso che molti studenti sono "nativi bilingui", poiché crescono usando l'italiano e un'altra lingua. Questo poliglottismo, valutato dagli intervistati assai positivamente, non si rispecchia però nella prassi scolastica: un supporto mirato in italiano e l'insegnamento della lingua di famiglia sono di regola una chimera. All'interno del campione le più ampie competenze in italiano si trovano fra chi ha un genitore italofono e chi è arrivato in Italia in età prescolare frequentandovi la scuola materna; come constatato anche nei test INVALSI, chi è nato in Italia e vi ha frequentato l'asilo nido è leggermente svantaggiato. Rispetto alla lingua di famiglia risulta che il suo studio porta a migliori competenze in essa, senza nuocere all'italiano: anzi. Emerge quindi il ruolo significativo della lingua "altra" per un'educazione linguistica efficace. L'invito al MIUR è quindi di integrare la propria anagrafe con dati linguistici, così da ridefinire i propri curricula secondo le Linee Guida Comunitarie, individuando procedure e risorse specifiche per le classi multilingui. Con un investimento ridotto, paragonato con il costo attuale dato da retrocessioni, ripetenze e abbandono scolastico, si riuscirebbe a sostenere il successo scolastico, le pari opportunità e il plurilinguismo, con conseguenze positive per i singoli e per l'economia nazionale. / The Italian Ministry of Education (MIUR) student register records that today in Italy more than one out of ten students is not an Italian citizen, although the majority of them were born there. Several statistical surveys indicate that "foreign" students, when compared to native students, show a poorer performance in Italian and in academic achievement. This exploratory fieldwork carried out in schools in Turin (5th to 8th grade) analyzed data obtained through semi-structured interviews with 121 students and 26 parents as well as 141 questionnaires filled in by 27 teachers of Italian and family language. It showed that many students are "bilingual natives", as they grow up acquiring both Italian and another language; however, despite the fact that the interviewees rate polyglottism positively, schools don't usually offer targeted support in either language. Within the cohort the broadest range of competences in Italian are found first among those with an Italian-speaking parent, then among those who arrived in Italy at pre-school age attending kindergarten there; this latter group shows higher competences than those born in Italy attending nursery there, as also in the INVALSI tests. As far as family language is concerned, data illustrate that its teaching increases its competences without affecting those in Italian: quite the opposite in fact. These results confirm the remarkable role played by the "other" language in successful language education. MIUR is therefore called upon to include also linguistic data in its student register, so as to redefine its curricula according to EU Guidelines, and to identify specific procedures and resources for multilingual classes. This new policy would reduce the current cost of placing students in a lower grade, grade retention and drop-outs, and would promote school success, equal opportunities and multilingualism, with positive consequences both for the individuals and for the national economy. istruzione svantaggio bilingue bilinguismo didattica ricerca sul campo lingua di famiglia promozione lingua di origine integrazione INVALSI Italia bocciatura ripetenza classi costi Ministero dell'Istruzione multilingue multietnico sistema scolastico migranti migrazione MIUR multiculturale allievi studenti multilinguismo ingua madre poliglotta abbandono curricula scuola alunni scolarizzazione successo rendimento prassi insegnamento diversità linguistico varietà acquisizione uso competenze cittadinanza Torino italiano "nativi bilingui" seconda lingua prima lingua anagrafe retrocessione opportunità economia nazionale stranieri supporto L1 L2 parlante nativo linee guida plurilingue plurilinguismo sociolinguistica linguistica di contatto contatto linguistico Bildung Bildungsbenachteiligung Bildungserfolg bilingual Bilinguismus Didaktik Studie Feldforschung Familiensprache Förderung Herkunftssprache Integration INVALSI Italien Klassenwiederholung Klassen Kosten Kultusministerium mehrsprachig Mehrsprachigkeit Migrantenkinder Migration MIUR multiethnisch multikulturell Multilinguismus Muttersprache Erstsprache polyglott Schulabbruch Schulcurricula Schule Schüler Schulsprache Schulerfolg Schulpraxis Schulunterricht Sitzenbleiben Sprachenvielfalt Spracherwerb Sprachgebrauch Sprachkenntnisse Staatsbürgerschaft Turin Italienienisch Unterricht Schulsystem zweisprachig "zweisprachige Natives" Zweisprachigkeit Zweitsprache Zweitspracherwerb Schulregister Herunterstufung Chancengerechtigkeit Volkswirtschaft Ausländer Sprecher Schulleistung Vorgabe Richtlinie Soziolinguistik Kontaktlinguistik Sprachenkontakt education educational success disadvantage bilingual bilingualism didactics study field research family language support language of origin heritage language integration INVALSI Italy grade retention classes costs Ministry of Education MIUR multilingual multilingualism migrant migration multiethnic multicultural mother tongue polyglot dropout school curricula school pupils students children school language success performance practice teaching diversity acquisition use skills competences citizenship Turin school system "bilingual natives" second language school register downgrading equal opportunities national economy foreign student register native academic achievement first language speaker Italian guidelines sociolinguistics contact linguistics language contact 370 Bildung und Erziehung 375 Curricula 379 Bildungspolitik 400 Sprache 410 Linguistik 372 Primarbildung 373 Sekundarbildung 408 Personengruppen ER 930 ddc:370 ddc:375 ddc:379 ddc:400 ddc:410 ddc:450 ddc:325 ddc:363 ddc:371 ddc:372 ddc:373 ddc:408 ddc:409 ddc:418 ddc:457 ddc:458

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