Archaeology is a popular subject that is often depicted in popular media. Archaeology is also an academic field that contributes to national and individual identities. Therefor archaeologists conducting research need to be aware of the political and ethical implications their work may have. This essay presents and discuss previous research done about archaeologists and their communication efforts. Moreover, the essay also presents scientist communication goals and tries to discuss it in relation to Uppsala University’s and the department of Archaeology and Ancient History goals and guidelines. The discussion is based largely on a survey made by the author. Questions discussed are: who should write about archaeology? Would a better communication create a more “correct” use of history? Who has the right to write about archaeology? Is Uppsala University’s goals in line with how the scientist perceive and conduct their communication mission? The essay is based on previous research and a survey conducted by the author. The survey was sent to eight archaeology professors active at Campus Gotland, Uppsala university. Five responded to the survey. The method used in the essay is comparative literature analysis. The result of the survey is discussed in relation to Uppsala university and departments goals. The essay shows that archaeologists need more time to be able to conduct their communication goals more efficient and at a higher volume than present. The essay also states that archaeologists often have other work-related priorities than communication with the adjacent society.

This essay is focused on the questions of and responsibility for where, when, how and why communication and meetings through archaeology should take place. I have critically studied Swedish public archaeology through three diverse archaeological excava­tions, one took place in the end of the 1980s, and two others in 2012. I have asked for under what circum­stances and with which goals the public efforts become possible. I have inter­viewed leaders for the archaeological excavations and/or the public efforts and questi­o­ned how and why they reached out to the public. I also searched for results and effects in order to problematize and value the public activities. Through interpretation of the resear­ched material it becomes clear that economic issues as well as archaeo­logists interests and engagements are of vital importance for public archaeology. Co-operation in the local community and archaeological documentation is crucial for the deve­lopment of archaeology and its role in society. Keywords: Public archaeology, Community archaeology, Heritage, Communication, Manage­ment, Historic environment education, Time Travel, Living history / I denna uppsats ligger fokus på frågor som berör ansvaret för var, när, hur och varför kommunikation och möten genom arkeologin ska utföras. Med ett kritiskt förhållningssätt har jag studerat svensk publik arkeologi genom tre skilda arkeologiska utgrävningar, en utfördes i slutet på 1980-talet, och två andra år 2012. Jag har undersökt under vilka förutsättningar och med vilka mål de publika insatserna blivit möjliga. Jag har intervjuat ledare för de arkeologiska utgrävningarna och/eller publika insatserna och ställt frågor om hur och varför den publika arkeologin nått ut. Jag har även sökt efter resultat och effekter i syfte att problematisera och värdera den publika verksamheten. Genom min analys av det utforskade materialet står det klart att ekonomi så väl som arkeologers intresse och engagemang är avgörande för publik arkeologi. Samarbeten inom det lokala samhället och arkeologisk dokumentation är ytterst viktigt för utvecklingen av arkeologin och dess roll i samhället.

En produktiv ambivalens som lar absurd slapstick forenes med dypt gravalvor i et spill mellom abstrakt og konkret. Gjennom mine arbeider forsøker jeg blande sammen eller sette ulike referanser opp mot hverandre og med dette frammane en følelse av tvetydighet som jeg ofte opplever/A productive ambivalence that allows absurd slapstick to come together with the gravely serious in a play between the abstract and the concrete. Through my works I try to blend or contrast different references and thereby evoke a feeling of ambiguity that I often experience.

In the current field of cooperation in Mixed Reality there is, at the timeof writing, a clear lack of research regarding the cooperation between animmersed Virtual Reality user and a non-immersed audience. Therefore, theimpact of adding audience-controlled cameras to the two parties’ cooperationwas investigated. This was done through a user study where the participantswere cooperating as a Virtual Reality user and an audience to find hiddenobjects. The study was conducted with two prototypes. In the first prototype,the audience was only able to see a mirrored view of the immersed user. Inthe second, independent smartphone-controlled cameras were added to thedisposal of the audience. The results of the user study indicate that the secondprototype was overall less practical than the first in effectiveness, efficiencyand satisfaction. However, in certain scenarios where the number of objectswithin a scene made verbal communication inefficient, the second prototypeprevailed, indicating its potential in more visually complex scenes. / I det nuvarande fältet av samarbete inom Mixed Reality finns det i skrivande stund en tydlig avsaknad av forskning angående samarbete mellan en fördjupad Virtual Reality-användare och en icke-fördjupad publik. Därför undersöktes effekten av att inkludera publikkontrollerade kameror i de två parternas samarbete. Det gjordes genom att utföra en användarstudie där de två parterna samarbetade som Virtual Reality-användare och publik för att hitta gömda objekt. Användarstudien genomfördes med två prototyper. I den första prototypen kunde publiken endast se en speglad bild av den fördjupade användarens synfält. Detta kompletterades av enskilda smartphonekontrollerade kameror avsedda för publiken i den andra prototypen. Användarstudiens resultat indikerar att den andra prototypen generellt presterade sämre än den första inom områdena effektivitet, verkan och tillfredsställelse. Dock, i vissa scenario när antalet objekt i en scen gjorde verbal kommunikation ineffektiv visade sig den andra prototypen vara bättre, vilket indikerar dess potential för mer visuellt komplexa scener.

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Intresset till att studera SM-finalerna på dam- och herrsidan i innebandy växte då båda skribenterna har besökt finalerna sedan innan. I år var det dags att välkomna tillbaka publiken igen efter tre år.  Forskningens syfte var att undersöka iscensättningen av SM-finalerna i innebandy 2022 som event. Mer precist handlade det om att belysa såväl själva genomförandet av arrangemanget som publikupplevelsen av de närvarande åskådarna på plats i Avicii Arena som skapar en ”innebandyfest”. För att göra studien forskningsbar valde vi att använda oss av olika infallsvinklar för att få ett så brett perspektiv som möjligt. Vi valde att använda oss av kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer och observationer på plats på finaldagen. Det utfördes även en enkätundersökning som kvantitativ metod för att få publikens perspektiv på plats. Således sammanställt av metoderna så valdes en metodtriangulering.  Det teoretiska ramverket valdes utifrån upplevelse, relation och marknadsföringsteorier. De valda bestod av upplevelserummet, Word of mouth, sportmarknadsföringsmixen och MEQSS-modellen.  Resultatet mynnade ut i att det är atmosfären på eventet som var det viktiga för publikens upplevelse. Majoriteten som besökte eventet är aktiva på något sätt inom innebandyn själva. De som besöker finalen för första gången blev inbjudna av någon bekant/familjemedlem. Det uppskattades att det enbart är en finalmatch än en finalserie då helhetsupplevelsen med sidoaktiviteter bidrar till så mycket mer än att enbart se matcherna. / Researching about the Swedish floorball championship for women and men grew as both writers have visited the final before. This year it was finally time to welcome back the audience after three years. The purpose of the study was to investigate the staging of the Swedish Floorball championship 2022 as an event. More precisely, it was about highlighting both the actual implementation of the event and the audience experience of the spectators present on site in Avicii Arena, which creates a “floorball party.” In order to make the study researchable, we chose to use different angles to get as broad perspective as possible. We chose to use interviews and on-site observation as qualitative method at the event. A survey was also executed out as a quantitative method to get the audience's perspective.  The theoretical framework was chosen based on experience, relationship and market theories which consisted of: Experience room, Word of mouth, the sports marketing mix, and the MEQSS-model. The result showed that the atmosphere at the event was important for the audience's experience. The majority who visited the event were in some way active in floorball themselves.  Those who visited the final for the first time were invited by an acquaintance/family member. It was appreciated that it is only one game in the final rather than a final series as the overall experience, with side activities contributes to so much more than just watching the games.

Följande studie hanterar ämnet eSport. Med hjälp av uses & gratifications theory kommer eSportpublik studeras och analyseras, med syftet att förstå vilka motivationer som leder till att man vill titta på eSport. Studien kommer med hjälp av kvalitativ metod, det vill säga intervjuer och observationer, med tillämpande mini enkäter i observationerna studera publiken som tittar på eSport. Uses & gratifications är en teori som ofta tillämpas vid kvalitativ metod då de gratifikationer man analyserar är enkelt tillämpbara i intervjufrågor. Studien kom fram till att de viktigaste gratifikationerna för eSportpublik var underhållning samt tidsfördriv. Viktigt är det att notera att dessa faktorer var uppmuntrande för tolkning, där informanter har gett olika definitioner av samma faktorer, samt ger flera förklaringar på samma ord. Det är utifrån denna syn som arbetet har analyserats och ge ett definitivt svar på frågan varför publiken tittar på eSport. / The following essay studies the subject of eSport. The concept audience will be analysed with help of the uses & gratifications theory to create an understanding about the audience in eSport. The study will also with the help of qualitative methods, to be specific interviews and observations, with an applied mini- survey in the observations study the audiences of eSport. Uses & gratifications is a theory that a lot of the time is applicable in qualitative methods because the gratifications that are analyzed very often are easily applicable when writing questions for interviews. The result was that the most important gratifications for the audience of eSport was entertainment and killing time. It’s also important to note that these factors were encouraged for interpretation, and given multiple explanations regarding the same word. It’s based on this view that the study has been analyzed and given a definitive answer on the question why the audience watches eSport.

Det finns ett stort behov av elektrifiering av transportsektorn då en offensiv klimatpolitik ställer höga krav på minskade utsläpp från personbilar. För att lyckas med övergången till en fordonsflotta med lägre koldioxidutsläpp, är utbyggnad av den publika laddningsinfrastrukturen en nyckelfaktor. Den publika laddningsinfrastrukturenär ett komplext system där aktörer måste överväga relationer med flera aktörer, och kan därmed betraktas ur ett affärsekosystemsperspektiv. Studien syftar således till att öka förståelsen för publik laddningsinfrastruktur i Sverige utifrån ett affärsekosystemsperspektiv, och hur tillväxtpotentialen kan förbättras för att möjliggöra en framgångsrik övergång till elfordon. Studien är av explorativ karaktär och har samlat in data för att besvara studiens syfte genom en empirisk fallstudie, semistrukturerade intervjuer och en litteraturöversikt. Resultatet indikerar att de största utmaningarna för utvecklingen av publik laddningsinfrastruktur är att affärsekosystemet är fragmenterat, det finns avsaknad av standarder, och det råder brist på kapacitet i det svenska elnätet. Majoriteten av utmaningarna anses däremot vara möjliga att lösa genom samevolution. Som stöttepelare är det laddstationsoperatörens uppgift är att utforma strategier som gynnar samtliga samarbetspartners, och således samevolution. På grund av systemets framväxande karaktär bör laddstationsoperatörer även eftersträva färre, men starkare sammanlänkade, samarbetspartners. Vidare bör beslutsfattare se över regleringar och lagar som inte är anpassade för samhällets elektrifiering, och förslagsvis bevilja undantag för frågor som berör publik laddningsinfrastruktur. Genom bidrag och stöd kan beslutsfattare även möjliggöra självorganisering, och således utveckling av publik laddningsinfrastruktur. I takt med att marknaden mognar bör beslutsfattarnas involvering minska i syfte att öka affärsekosystemets självorganisering, effektivitet och produktivitet. Denna studie bidrar till teorin genom att utifrån ett affärsekosystemsperspektiv öka förståelsen för hur organisationer som är omslutande av ett sammanlänkat system integrerar i sina gemensamma ansträngningar för att uppnå en framgångsrik övergång till elfordon. / An offensive climate policy places a high demand on reducing emissions from passenger cars. Consequently, there is an urgency for an electrified transport sector. The expansion of the public charging infrastructure is a key success factor for the transition toward a vehicle fleet with lower carbon dioxide emissions. However, the public charging infrastructure is a complex system where organisations must consider relationships with companies from different industries and can advantageously be viewed from a business ecosystem perspective. Hence, the purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of the public charging infrastructure in Sweden from a business ecosystem perspective, and how the growth potential can be improved to enable an increased transition to electric vehicles. To fulfill the purpose, an exploratory study has been conducted, and data has been collected through an extensive empirical case study, semi-structured interviews, and a review of existing literature. The results indicate that the lack of capacity in the Swedish electricity network, the fragmented business ecosystem, and the lack of standards, are the biggest obstacles to the development of the public charging infrastructure. These challenges can partly be managed through coevolution. As a keystone player, the charge point operator has a responsibility to effectively create strategies that benefit all partners. Due to the emerging and agile nature of the system, charge point operators should further strive for fewer, and strongly linked partnerships. Furthermore, decision- and policymakers should review regulations and policies associated with the electrification of society, and grant exceptions concerning the public charging infrastructure. In addition, they can enable the development of public charging infrastructure, through grants and support. However, as the public charging infrastructure matures, decision makers' involvement should decrease to increase the business ecosystem's self-organisation, efficiency, and productivity. This study contributes to theory by increasing the understanding of how organisations integrate their joint efforts, to achieve a transition, from a businessecosystem perspective.

The archaeological communication process can be hard to grasp. There are laws to take into consideration, not to mention the Government structure for culture and arts. This essay explains and simplifies the Swedish organizational communication with focus on archaeology. This study is aiming to clarify all the steps archaeological research needs to pass before reaching the public. The essay will also explore why it is important to communicate archaeological results, and if it reaches out to the extent that is expected. If it is not, the study will present examples of solutions and actions that can be taken to improve the mediation. The essay only investigates the archaeology process in Sweden. There are several Government institutions that are affected by the laws that protect ancient monuments, this study will at first hand observe the ones that have a direct effect on the archaeology communication process. By a survey, interviews and literature studies, the purpose with this study has become clear. The results have been reached by positivism and empiricism as theoretical basis. The literature consisted largely of writings on the subject communication theory, Swedish law and Government structure. The conclusion is that in the archaeology process, there are many factors that effects the outcome of archaeological mediation. Laws, “cultural goals” and several Government institutions has a saying in how, why and where the archaeological research findings are distributed. The PR-model chosen by Government institutions is often “The Public Information model”, but in this case there is no specific common model used by all the institutions that have an influence on the distribution of archaeological results. There is no survey done to show how the public are receiving the results given by “The Public Information model”. According to a small survey done to complete this essay there would be much to gain for all parts if the results of archaeological investigations used another model, or if the stakeholders could agree on the issue of how archaeological results should be communicated to the population. A factor that complicates this kind of work is the attitude in the governing body that considers culture (including archaeology) a non-commercial subject. As a result, archaeology is not seen as a brand that could be marketed. A factor that can affect the popularity for the subject.

Creative spaces, or makerspaces, is an emerging and global phenomenon in libraries. The aim of this study is to examine the objectives that underlie the creative spaces in Australia, expressed by library professionals, as well as the purposes they fulfil in the library context. The material is derived from seven in-depth interviews with staff working with creative spaces at three public and one state library. Additionally, one observation was conducted in the creative space at each of these libraries. “The four spaces model”, created by Danish researchers Henrik Jochumsen, Casper Hvenegaard Rasmussen and Dorte Skot-Hansen, comprises the study's theoretical framework. According to the model, the library's objective is to support the goals: experience, involvement, empowerment and innovation. The library spaces, in which the goals should be supported, are the inspiration space, the learning space, the meeting space and the performative space. The study shows that the most distinct objectives of the creative spaces are experience and empowerment. Involvement and innovation are also present, but not as prominent. Further, the study shows that the purposes fulfilled by the creative spaces places them within the learning space and the meeting space, and to some degree in the inspiration space and the performative space. Findings reveal that creative spaces support STEM-based (science, technology, engineering and maths) learning and digital literacy through both collaborative and individual learning. The learning takes place in informal settings where play is a significant factor. The creative spaces function as “high-intensive” meeting places for the local community, and the library professionals highlight the importance of the social aspects of the creative spaces. This is a two years' master’s thesis in Archive, Library and Museum studies.