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This study explores the relationship between literature and society against the background of the emergence in the 1930s and 1940s in South Africa of a form of Afrikaner nationalism that was spearheaded by members of the Afrikaner petty bourgeoisie and intelligentsia and a subsequent expansion in Afrikaans literary production. It addresses problems of explanation in Afrikaner nationalism by focusing attention on the question of culture, the field of imagination and the domain of everyday life. In particular, the study examines the Keurboslaan series - a series of schoolboy stories aimed at juvenile readers - by Stella Blakemore, and traces the production, circulation and critical reception of the twenty titles in the series. The first title in this series was published in 1941 and the series has been reprinted several times over a number of decades and as recently as 1997. Drawing on the work of Benedict Anderson, this study illuminates the link between the emergence of print capitalism and the production of popular fiction on the one hand and nationalism on the other. Whilst this is a link that is not often explored, an analysis of the Keurboslaan series illustrates that the study of popular fiction can illuminate the practices through which nationalism gains popular support. It is argued that the Keurboslaan series produced a narrative of the Afrikaner ‘nation’ in popular fiction, but that this narrative was not authenticated by the intelligentsia and petty bourgeoisie who were the driving forces behind Afrikaner nationalism and its contents. It is further argued that this ‘narrative of nation’ circulated alongside more official narratives of the ‘nation’ espoused in discourses of religion, science and literature published in Afrikaans. The narrative of ‘nation’ in Keurboslaan – whilst sharing many similarities with official narratives in other discourses – but also differs from those discourses in important respects. It is argued that the popular series was influential precisely because it imagined the Afrikaner ‘nation’ in very different ways and on different terms from those discourses. Moreover, the form in which this narrative was produced, that is popular youth literature, appealed to readers of Afrikaans who were in search of escapist fiction. For these readers, the Keurboslaan series helped to give shape to and created new possibilities for interpreting the world that they inhabited. Reading the school as a corollary of the ‘nation’, it is argued that the narrative of the nation in Keurboslaan series explores the boundaries between the self and the other and posits the self as a danger to the self, resulting in an emphasis on the need to discipline the self. This kind of analysis also creates the space for examining in what ways ideas and identities about ‘race’, gender, sexuality, class and ‘nation’ are constructed in the texts. Yet, the study maintains that whilst the Keurboslaan series contributed to creating a space in which a particular understanding of the self and the world becomes possible, and whereas the reader is not conceived of as a completely free agent that can derive simply any meaning from the text, the study and its theoretical underpinnings do not fully account for individual readers’ engagement with popular texts and the ways in which reading strategies and habits can generate different, ambiguous or inconclusive meanings for readers. It is suggested that a study of popular texts and Afrikaner nationalism employing theories of reading and the reader will complement this analysis. / Thesis (DLitt (Literary Theory))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Afrikaans / unrestricted

Both young adult literature and transnational literature occupy transitional spaces and defy simple classifications. Their commonalities naturally suit the two sets of literature for concurrent study. However, the field is underdeveloped, particularly in the United States. With a concentration on the exchanges taking place between the U.S. and Germany, this thesis addresses the need to assemble primary materials and pertinent critical commentary into a single place available to educators, scholars, and researchers to acquire background on transnational YAL themes. The thesis delineates methods used in conducting and compiling research on U.S.-German YAL exchange and highlights the translation and publication concerns associated with this process. It examines how prizes for translations are granted in each nation, identifying organizations that facilitate the process of exchange and describing transnational trends rising out of these circumstances. The concluding chapter visits concerns and complications raised during the investigation, posing questions for further study of the U.S.-German young adult literature relationship and advocating the pursuit of similar research in other world regions. The appendices provide sites for continued examination. They include lists of award-winning translations available in the U.S., novels by American authors that have been translated and published in Germany, and novels by German-language authors that have been translated and published in the U.S.

The aim for this thesis was to investigate how the rape narratives, where men are raped by women, are portrayed in Swedish youth literature to be able to discover whether the discourse of rape has been subjected to change over time. This is done through a comparative analysis of the male victims, the female perpetrators and how power structures determine the credibility of the victims in Glappet (1998) by Christina Herrström and Sebbe sa nej (2019) by Niclas Christoffer. The investigation is done against the context that shows how female on male rape has been constructed and reproduced as unlikely, based in culturally established norms that depict men as sexually active and women as sexually passive. A model combining Judith Butler’s theory regarding how penetration secures the sexes, with Gayle Rubin’s theory on the sexual value system, is developed and used to detect how the unintelligible rape is made intelligible. In addition to this Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubars’ angel/monster dichotomy is used to explain the construction of the female perpetrator. Through the analysis it becomes visible that the narratives are shaped in certain ways to make the unintelligible rape intelligible. The understanding of sexual perpetrators and victims is deeply connected to the cultural understandings regarding gender norms and sexuality. In many ways female on male rape is constructed as an exception in the novels, and explained in terms that fit within a heteronormative framework. Despite this, the comparison of the narratives shows that the concept of rape has broadened enough to include female on male rape as a type of sexual violence.

[pt] A literatura como suporte e veículo de emoções fundamentais à construção de valores éticos e ao exercício da cidadania, e o papel da narrativa visual como potencializadora dessas emoções e como instrumento de incentivo à pratica de leitura dentro do universo da literatura infantil e juvenil. / [en] Literature as a support and vehicle for emotions fundamental to the construction of ethical values and the exercise of citizenship and the role of the visual narrative as an intensifier of these emotions and as a tool to encourage the habit of reading within the universe of children s and youth literature.

The thesis deals with the use of classical and contemporary literature for the development of reading literacy at primary schools. We focused mainly on the research of popular literature of third to fifth grade primary pupils. We also investigated what extra-curricular reading materials teachers choose to develop their pupils' reading literacy and how they work with them. In the theoretical part, we present a brief insight into the issue of reading literacy, current research results, methods, strategies and factors influencing reading literacy. In the research part, we present the results of a questionnaire survey of pupils' parents, where the main attention was paid to the preferences of titles, authors and genres of their children. In the practical part, we followed up on the results of these surveys and designed worksheets with activities aimed at promoting reading comprehension and developing reading strategies. We focused mainly on their motivational and entertaining character. Worksheets with activities were verified in selected classes of primary schools and supplemented by rich reflection from practice.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T11:07:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tonia Leigh Wind.pdf: 1184142 bytes, checksum: 44a648012c70583d5cd712e731f0b082 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-20 / O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é analisar o segmento denominado literatura infantil sob a perspectiva das tradições culturais decorrentes da prática de leitura no Brasil e nos EUA; da influência desta espécie literária no processo de formação do indivíduo, e dos percalços linguísticos enfrentados na tradução de livros estrangeiros para o mercado nacional. Para tanto, far-se-á uma apresentação do contexto histórico-cultural da espécie literária, de suas raízes nos contos orais indo-europeus até chegar ao que se considera a nascença da literatura infantil brasileira no Século XX. Como complemento ao estudo cultural, avaliar-se-á obras canônicas e textos doutrinários usando como suporte teórico da narrativa e da literatura em geral: Gaston Bachelard, Peter Hunt, Ana Maria Machado, Terry Eagleton, Nelly Novaes Coelho, Regina Zilberman, Marisa Lajolo, entre outros. Um enfoque especial será dado ao conceito norte-americano e brasileiro de cultura de leitura e mediadores de leitura para comparar o processo de formação do indivíduo em ambos os países. Como parte desta abordagem, será mostrada uma análise dos conceitos de multiculturalismo e pluriculturalismo as quais serão apresentadas para apontar sua importância e influência no leitor dentro da sociedade. O último capítulo da pesquisa dar-se-á sobre o tema tradução e suas implicações linguístico-culturais enfrentados pelo tradutor literário, assim como a migração do hábito de leitura dentro das salas de aulas de L2 para fomentar a aquisição de uma segunda língua. Analisar-se-á aspectos do texto original que se perdem numa adaptação ou tradução dando uma ênfase especial aos conceitos de domesticação e estrangeirização para melhor atender às necessidades do leitor final usando como suporte as teorias tradutórias de George Steiner, Lawrence Venuti, Eugene Nida, Jeremy Munday, John Milton, Mona Baker, Zohar Shavit, Susan Bassnett, Riitta Oittinen, entre outros. Como base de análise literária, o corpus desta pesquisa será composto de alguns exemplos de cânones, focando especificamente dois livros norte-americanos e suas traduções brasileiras: Where the Wild Things Are (Onde Vivem os Monstros) de Maurice Sendak e Mr. Peabody´s Apples (As Maçãs do Sr. Peabody) da Madonna.

Des récits de voyage aux romans coloniaux européens, l’Afrique a toujours servi à affirmer les valeurs européennes, davantage qu’à montrer les réalités africaines. Quelles valeurs se dégagent alors du discours sur l’Afrique subsaharienne véhiculé par les romans pour la jeunesse parus en France et en Allemagne entre 1991 – fin de l’apartheid – et 2010 – cinquantième anniversaire des indépendances ? Quels regards portent ces romans sur l’Afrique subsaharienne ? Et quelles auto-images des Européens transparaissent à travers ces images de l’Afrique ? De nombreuses études insistent sur la pérennité de l’imaginaire colonialiste dans les productions culturelles européennes. Ce travail prend le parti de montrer dans quelle mesure il existe, dans bon nombre de romans pour la jeunesse, une volonté de prendre ses distances avec l’héritage colonialiste, voire à le dénoncer, ainsi que de favoriser l’entente interculturelle entre Européens et Africains et de sensibiliser aux problèmes socioéconomiques de l’Afrique. Or, ces « bonnes intentions » se heurtent régulièrement à des limites et à des paradoxes. Cela donne lieu à un écart entre les valeurs explicitement défendues par les textes et celles, moins avouables, que les textes véhiculent involontairement. À travers un corpus de plus de 120 romans pour la jeunesse sur l’Afrique subsaharienne parus en France et en Allemagne, ce travail identifie les manifestations narratologiques de cet écart et explore des pistes possibles pour le réduire. / From travel writing to colonial European novels, Africa has always been used to affirm European values more than to show African realities. What values emerge then from the discourse on sub-Saharan Africa conveyed by the novels for young people published in France and Germany between 1991 – end of the Apartheid – and 2010 – 50th anniversary of the African Independences? How do these novels portray sub-Saharan Africa? And what self-images of Europeans appear through these images of Africa? Many studies insist on the persistence of the colonialist imagination in European cultural productions. This work looks at the extent to which many novels for young people try to distance themselves from the colonial heritage, or to criticize it, and to encourage intercultural understanding between Europeans and Africans and raise awareness of African socio-economic problems. These “good intentions” regularly run into limits and paradoxes. This gives rise to a gap between the values explicitly defended by the texts and those, less praiseworthy, that the texts convey involuntarily. Through a corpus of more than 120 novels for young people about sub-Saharan Africa published in France and Germany, this work identifies the narratological manifestations of this gap and explores ways to reduce it. / Angefangen von historischen Reiseberichten bis hin zu den Kolonialromanen steht Afrika in der europäischen Literatur eher als Sinnbild für europäische Werte als für afrikanische Realitäten. Welche Werte wurden zwischen 1991 (dem Ende der Apartheid) und 2010 (dem fünfzigsten Jubiläum der Dekolonisation) im Afrikadiskurs der Kinder- und Jugendromane in Frankreich und Deutschland vermittelt? Welche Afrikabilder überliefern diese Romane? Und vor allem: welches Selbstbildnis der Europäer offenbart sich durch diese Afrikabilder? Viele Studien haben gezeigt, dass der Einfluss des kolonialistischen Erbes in den kulturellen Produktionen Europas immer noch nicht gänzlich verschwunden ist. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass viele der Kinder- und Jugendromane sich einerseits von genau diesem kolonialistischen Erbe distanzieren wollen oder es sogar anprangern, und versuchen damit interkulturelle Arbeit zu leisten. Diese Absicht entwickelt andererseits jedoch häufig ihre eigenen Paradoxe und stößt somit an ihre Grenzen. Das führt zu einer Abweichung zwischen den Werten die explizit, und jenen, die unwillkürlich von den Texten vermittelt werden. Anhand eines Korpus von mehr als 120 Kinder- und Jugendromanen aus Frankreich und Deutschland analysiert diese Arbeit die erzähltheoretischen Merkmale dieser Abweichung und erforscht Möglichkeiten, diese auf narratologischer Ebene zu beheben.

Bien qu’arabophones, c’est en français que les enfants lisent principalement, langue qui est également, pour la majorité d’entre eux, celle de l’enseignement. Les éditeurs libanais francophones ne proposant qu’une production extrêmement réduite, les enfants vont devoir se tourner vers des romans français dont ils ne sont pas les destinataires premiers. Pour eux, se pose alors la question de la réception de ces romans où il leur sera difficile de se retrouver sachant que ces livres tournés vers la contemporanéité, donnent à voir la réalité sociale d’un monde qui n’est pas le leur.Aménagée en trois parties, la thèse apporte d’abord un éclairage sur certains particularismes culturels, linguistiques et éducatifs constitutifs de l’identité libanaise. Pour mieux comprendre le rapport des enfants avec la lecture, les productions des éditeurs francophones de jeunesse sont présentées ainsi que les structures publiques, privées ou associatives qui permettront la rencontre avec les livres. La seconde partie se concentre sur la réception par les enfants libanais du paratexte et de l’incipit d’un corpus de romans français destinés aux 8/11 ans. Cette analyse explicite les stratégies de séduction privilégiées par les éditeurs et les auteurs français. La troisième partie présente la production éditoriale des fictions francophones destinées au marché scolaire ainsi que les particularités de leur forme d’écriture. Le traitement fictionnel de certaines représentations sociales dans des titres français et libanais francophones est ensuite abordé comme les rôles parentaux, l’éducation, la mort et la guerre, dans les romans ayant le Liban comme thématique. / Despite speaking Arabic as their mother tongue, it is French that children mostly read, obviously because French is - for the majority of them - the medium of instruction. However, Lebanese publishers of French-speaking books offer a very narrow selection, hence the children’s turning to French novels whom they are not the first recipients. But how do these children receive such novels? It would be difficult for them to identify with these modernity-oriented-books that portray the social reality of a world that is not theirs. This threefold-thesis first provides insight into a number of specific cultural, linguistic and educational constituents of the Lebanese identity. And to better understand the relationship between children and reading, the first part presents the productions of French-speaking publishers of youth novels, along with public, private and other community facilities that organize “book encounters”.The second part studies the Lebanese children’s reception of the paratext and the incipit of a corpus of French novels written for the 8/11 year olds. This analysis explains the strategies of appeal favored by French publishers and authors.The third part describes the editorial production and specific writing style of Lebanese French-speaking fiction intended for the school market. The fictional approach of some social representations in French and Lebanese French-speaking books is then tackled, such as parenting, education, death and war in Lebanon- themed novels.

Le rappel du récit est l’une des manières les plus efficaces d’évaluer la compréhension en lecture (Denhière, 1979). Pourtant, au 2e cycle du primaire (entre 8 et 10 ans), il s’agit d’une pratique peu favorisée. Il en va de même pour l’utilisation de la littérature jeunesse, qui est de faible importance en contexte d’évaluation de la compréhension en lecture (Lépine, 2017). La présente recherche a pour objectif de créer un dispositif didactique visant à enseigner et à évaluer la compréhension en lecture par l’entremise de tâches de rappel de texte à partir d’albums jeunesse diversifiés. Pour ce faire, les étapes de la recherche-développement du modèle ADDIE (Peterson, 2003) ont été appliquées Il s’agit, dans un premier temps, de l’analyse et de l’identification des besoins. Dans ce cas, il fallait d’abord décrire les recherches relatives au rappel du récit et à la compréhension en lecture par l’utilisation des albums jeunesse. Puis, les tâches proposées aux élèves dans les manuels scolaires ainsi que les pratiques déclarées des enseignants en ce qui a trait à l’enseignement et à l’évaluation en lecture ont été analysées. Ensuite, la conceptualisation du dispositif a été réalisée en établissant les critères de sélection des œuvres les plus pertinentes pour faire partie du dispositif didactique. La grille qui en a résulté a d’ailleurs été évaluée par une experte en littérature jeunesse. Puis, le développement du dispositif didactique a consisté en l’élaboration du contenu du dispositif, de son organisation et du choix des albums. Enfin, la phase de mise à l’essai a eu lieu dans deux classes du 2e cycle du primaire durant l’année scolaire 2020-2021, pendant la pandémie mondiale de Covid-19. Les résultats démontrent que le rappel du récit est une tâche complexe à évaluer, mais qu’elle permet aux enseignants de bien cibler les forces et les défis de leurs élèves. De plus, l’utilisation de la littérature jeunesse, dans ce contexte, a été fort apprécié, car les albums ouvrent la porte à diverses avenues pédagogiques, telles que les situations d’écriture et l’interdisciplinarité. Les retombées envisagées de cette recherche sont de mettre à la disposition des enseignants des pratiques d’enseignement et d’évaluation plus diversifiées qui rendent compte de la compréhension en lecture des élèves ainsi que l’avancement des connaissances liées aux pratiques des enseignants du primaire. / Retelling is one of the most effective methods to teach and evaluate reading comprehension (Denhière, 1979). However, it is not commonly used in 2nd cycle elementary school classes (between 8 and 10 years old). Furthermore, picture books are seldom used to assessreading comprehension (Lépine, 2017). The purpose of this study is to create a didactic device for teaching and evaluating reading comprehension through retelling tasks and different types of picture books. To do this, the ADDIE (Peterson, 2003) model has been chosen to guide and assess every step of this design experiment research. The first step wasto analyze and identify needs by describing the most relevant studies that have been released about retelling and reading comprehension through the use of picture books. Student tasks and teaching habits of elementary teachers have also been described. Then, the design of the device has been elaborate by establishing the criteria for the selection of the picture books that will be relevant for the didactic device. These criteria has been validated by an expert in youth literature. Subsequently, the content and organization of the device has been completed and the picture books had been chosen. Finally, the didacticdevice has been tested in two 2 nd cycle elementary classrooms during 2020-2021 pandemicschool year. The results show that retelling is a complex task to assess, but that it allows teachers to properly target the strengths and challenges of their students. In addition, the use of youth literature in this context was greatly appreciated because the picture books open the door to various pedagogical avenues, such as different writing situations and interdisciplinarity. Expected benefits of this research are to provide teachers with more diversified teaching and evaluation practices, which reflect the real reading comprehensionof students as well as the advancement of knowledge related to the practices of teachers inelementary school.