Global ETD Search

41	Measuring the Effects of Environmental Certification on Residential Property Values - Evidence from Green Condominiums in Portland, U.S. Yang, Xi 24 July 2013 (has links) Green building, as an environmentally responsible and resource-efficient product, has emerged in recent decades. Along with the growing interest in green building design and operating practices, a number of green building certification standards and rating systems have been developed by different organizations worldwide. Those rating systems allow government regulators, building professionals, and consumers to embrace green building with confidence. Many recent studies find that LEED and Energy Star certified commercial buildings gain significant rental and sales price premiums and have higher occupancy rates. However, little research has been conducted to measure the market value of certified multi-family residential buildings, for instance, green condominiums. This study investigates the price effects of LEED certification on condominium real estate assets in a local housing market, in this case Portland, Oregon. The overall dataset is developed by combining information from Metro's Regional Land Information System (RLIS) and LEED certifications by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC). A hedonic pricing model is employed to measure the effects of certification levels on sales prices. The model results indicate that, compared to non-certified condominiums in Portland, green certified properties have a 5.8 percent sales price premium on average. The result of this study confirms that LEED condominiums exhibit higher sales prices controlling for location- and property-specific factors. Environmental Design Urban, Community and Regional Planning Urban Studies and Planning
42	Bewertung der Adaptivität von Geschossbauten für den städtischen Raum Stroetmann, Richard, Otto, Jens, Eisele, Johann, Bleicher, Volkmar, Wisnewski, Joachim, Dorn, Charlotte, Trautmann, Benjamin, Bauer, Max 02 March 2023 (has links) Demografische Veränderungen, ein sich wandelnder Arbeitsmarkt und konjunkturelle Schwankungen mit unterschiedlich dominierenden Gewerbezweigen erfordern Gebäude, die sich an verändernde Nutzeranforderungen anpassen können. Zur Erhöhung der Ressourceneffizienz sind Gebäude nicht nur hinsichtlich des Materialeinsatzes und Energieverbrauchs zu optimieren, sondern darüber hinaus für einen langen Nutzungshorizont auszulegen. Um die Anpassungsfähigkeit von Geschossbauten an verschiedene Nutzungsformen bewerten zu können, wurde im Rahmen des Innovationsprogramms „Zukunft Bau“ das Forschungsprojekt „Adaptive Gebäudestrukturen zur Erhöhung der Ressourceneffizienz von Geschossbauten im städtischen Raum“ durchgeführt. Im folgenden Beitrag werden die Motivation zum Forschungsprojekt, eine Übersicht zu wesentlichen Fragestellungen und die Ergebnisse in einer zusammenfassenden Darstellung vorgestellt. / Demographic changes, a transforming labour market and economic volatility with different dominant industries require buildings that can adapt to changing user requirements. In order to increase resource efficiency, buildings must not only be optimised in terms of material use and energy consumption, but also designed for a long horizon of use. In order to be able to evaluate the adaptability of multi-storey buildings to different forms of use, the research project “Adaptive building structures to increase the resource efficiency of multi-storey buildings in urban areas” was carried out within the framework of the „Zukunft Bau“ research initiative. In the following article, the motivation for the research project, an overview of the main aspects and the results are presented in a summarising form. info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/690 ddc:690
43	Bruchpunktschätzung bei der Ratingklassenbildung Tillich, Daniel 09 July 2013 (has links) Ratingsysteme sind ein zentraler Bestandteil der Kreditrisikomodellierung. Neben der Bonitätsbeurteilung auf der Ebene der Kreditnehmer und der Risikoquantifizierung auf der Ebene der Ratingklassen spielt dabei die Bildung der Ratingklassen eine wesentliche Rolle. Die Literatur zur Ratingklassenbildung setzt auf modellfreie, in gewisser Weise willkürliche Optimierungsverfahren. Ein Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, stattdessen ein parametrisches statistisches Modell zur Bildung der Ratingklassen einzuführen. Ein geeignetes Modell ist im Bereich der Bruchpunktschätzung zu finden. Dieses Modell und die in der mathematischen Literatur vorgeschlagenen Parameter- und Intervallschätzer werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit dargestellt und gründlich diskutiert. Dabei wird Wert auf eine anwendungsnahe und anschauliche Formulierung der mathematisch-statistischen Sachverhalte gelegt. Anschließend wird die Methodik der Bruchpunktschätzung auf einen konkreten Datensatz angewendet und mit verschiedenen anderen Kriterien zur Ratingklassenbildung verglichen. Hier erweist sich die Bruchpunktschätzung als vorteilhaft. Aufbauend auf der empirischen Untersuchung wird abschließend weiterer Forschungsbedarf abgeleitet. Dazu werden insbesondere Konzepte für den Mehrklassenfall und für abhängige Daten entworfen.:1. Einleitung 2. Ratingsystem 3. Bruchpunktschätzung 4. Anwendung 5. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick / Rating systems are a key component of credit risk modeling. In addition to scoring at borrowers’ level and risk quantification at the level of rating classes, the formation of the rating classes plays a fundamental role. The literature on rating classification uses in a way arbitrary optimization methods. Therefore, one aim of this contribution is to introduce a parametric statistical model to form the rating classes. A suitable model can be found in the area of split-point estimation. This model and the proposed parameter and interval estimators are presented and thoroughly discussed. Here, emphasis is placed on an application-oriented and intuitive formulation of the mathematical and statistical issues. Subsequently, the methodology of split-point estimation is applied to a specific data set and compared with several other criteria for rating classification. Here, split-point estimation proves to be advantageous. Finally, further research questions are derived on the basis of the empirical study. In particular, concepts for the case of more than two classes and for dependent data are sketched.:1. Einleitung 2. Ratingsystem 3. Bruchpunktschätzung 4. Anwendung 5. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/330 ddc:330
44	Greenhouse gas Reduction in Infrastructure Projects : With a case study of California High-Speed Rail / Klimatgasreducering i infrastrukturprojekt : Med en fallstudie av California High-Speed Rail Balian, Daniel January 2017 (has links) Infrastructure projects are today major contributors to global warming. However, various strategies for reduction of greenhouse gas emission are available, as described in sustainability assessment schemes and performed in infrastructure projects. Beyond the choice of methodology, greenhouse gas reduction represents an important challenge, namely to engage involved actors. The establishment of a common sustainability policy, reflected in procurement requirements could be a solution. However, often in subject of complications such as misunderstandings or increased cost. Impres, a research project aiming to streamline the process of greenhouse gas reduction in the infrastructure sector, conducts case studies around the world in which useful methods and examples are assimilated. In cooperation with Impres, the present report includes the case study of California High-Speed Rail (CHSR). The aim of this report is to compare strategies for greenhouse gas reduction of sustainability assessment schemes for infrastructure projects, and evaluate the feasibility as procurement requirements. Furthermore, to identify corresponding processes of greenhouse gas reduction in the case study of CHSR, as well as revealing important factors towards realization. The course of work involves a study of the schemes Envision, BREEAM Infrastructure, CEEQUAL, IS Rating System as well as the standard PAS 2080. Regarding the case study, the sustainability policy, procurement requirements and project reports are the main used sources. Moreover, qualitative interviews with involved actors have been performed in California. Finally, to create a comparative matrix for greenhouse gas reduction processes, standards ISO and PAS 2080 have been reviewed. The results show that greenhouse gas criteria of the studied schemes not are mandatory to perform in anyone but PAS 2080. Which means that further requisites might be needed in order for the schemes to be useful as procurement requirements. Furthermore, the outlining of processes reveals a weakness in the setting of a greenhouse gas reference point, and while every scheme includes a greenhouse gas quantity assessment, there is a difference in the priority of reduction. Regarding CHSR, an exclaimed policy goal is to perform climate neutral construction. While procurement requirements are limited to quantification of emitted greenhouse gases and the use of effective construction machinery, which is insufficient to meet the goal. Nevertheless, the Authority in charge is performing CO2 compensating measures, such as planting trees. Finally, a variety of driving forces, success factors and challenges for realizing greenhouse gas reduction have been identified. For example, personal motivation and legislation as driving forces. Whereas, sustainability as a core mission, experience and communication are seen as success factors, and resistance to transfer sustainability goals to procurement is an exclaimed challenge. As a conclusion, sustainability assessment schemes do have certain processes for greenhouse gas reduction in common. However, they present criteria with different degrees of obligation, affecting feasibility as procurement requirements. In CHSR, similar processes are found, where further reduction of greenhouse gases can be achieved, especially by an optimized choice of construction materials. In the end, personal motivation seems to be an important factor for introducing and realizing greenhouse gas reduction goals in infrastructure projects. / Impres Carbon management CO2 reduction Greenhouse gases LCA Infrastructure Sustainability Assessment Scheme Rating System Value Chain Actors Stakeholders. Infrastructure Engineering Infrastrukturteknik Climate Research Klimatforskning
45	Development of a Landslide Hazard Rating System for Selected Counties in Northeastern Ohio Dalqamouni, Ahmad Yousef 07 March 2011 (has links) No description available. Geology Geomorphology Geotechnology engineering geology landslides hazard rating system northeastern ohio traffic parameters liquidity index slope geometry cluster analysis glacial geology exponential scale high hazard potential quantitative system
46	An evaluation of building sustainability considerations in South Africa : a case of the SAIAB building Ngwadla, Xolisa January 2007 (has links) The theory of sustainable development has received worldwide acceptance, and is characterised by the protection of environmental quality, social justice and economic development to ensure a quality of life for future generations. The concepts of sustainable development have transcended to all aspects of society, including the built environment through the Habitat Agenda and building sustainability rating tools. The thesis investigates the implications of sustainable development on how it relates to the building construction industry in South Africa. The study sought to evaluate the extent of consideration and motivation for the incorporation of sustainability criteria in building design, using the case of the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity wet collection facility in Grahamstown. The goal of the thesis was achieved by evaluating sustainability considerations and barriers to adoption of sustainability criteria in the design of the SAlAB building, the rating of the building against the LEED ™ criteria, and evaluation of the applicability of the LEED ™ in the South African context. The importance of the research emanates from the fact that, despite the proliferation of sustainable development and sustainability rating tools in the world, there is no widely used building sustainability rating tool in South Africa, even though the country is industrialising with a very active built environment. The study therefore contributes to the body of knowledge necessary for the implementation of a building rating tool in the country, through an understanding of barriers to implementation. The research method used in the study was a case study with the intention of obtaining the design professional's considerations and challenges in the context of designing the SAIAB building. The case study used multiple data collection methods, with primary information obtained from interviews of professionals involved in the design of the building, whilst additional information was from analysis of technical drawings and review of literature on the subject. The findings of the research showed that there is an understanding of sustainability and consideration in the building industry even though there is no targeted intent to meet sustainability goals. The barriers to building sustainability were identified as lack of regulation, incentives, access to land, awareness, availability of professional codes and standards, economic costs and capacity. These barriers translated into a relatively low score, a silver rating for the SAlAB building when using the LEEDTM rating system. The implications of the findings suggests a need for the development of a comprehensive building sustainability rating tool suited for the South African context, with performance standards and a technical manual to support it. This should however be done in an environment where sustainability goals are supported by regulation and incentives have been developed.
47	Authentic Adobe and Off-the-Grid Earthships : Investigating the potential for a green rating system and sustainability-oriented accommodation platform in Taos, New Mexico Elf Donaldson, Evelina January 2021 (has links) In an age where the sharing economy has proliferated as a preferred means of travel in the tourism industry, and the accommodation sharing platform Airbnb has risen to the forefront, there is much criticism and discussion about the need for such nascent platforms to operate in alignment with sustainable development. Currently, economic benefits for the host and guest lie at the core of Airbnb’s sustainability appeal, while few concrete steps have been taken to advance environmental and social values. Many have proposed a green rating system and sustainability-oriented search filters as a means to propagate these values and catalyze a necessary paradigm shift within the sharing economy. Through the lens of green architecture and construction, this study analyzes the extent and manner in which sustainability features and amenities are promoted by hosts on Airbnb in the high-desert mountain town of Taos, New Mexico. This case study approach selects and intriguing destination that is not only characterized by a long history of earthen building traditions by the Tiwa people, but was also the birthplace of the world-renowned, off-the-grid Earthship concept. An analysis of all active Airbnb listings was compared with a more targeted analysis of off-the-grid listings to reveal that hosts more often than not frame their sustainability features and amenities in terms of visitor comfort, convenience, and enjoyment. For instance, the valorization of earthen adobe building for its authenticity and cultural appeal in lieu of its energy efficient and natural qualities. This indicated a high level of unexploited potential, wherein hosts could enhance their listing’s sustainability appeal and educational value through reframing these features to potential guests, and off-the-grid listings could benefit from implementing and promoting sustainable practices and emphasizing the local culture. Most importantly, after quantitively analyzing the features that arose, this study assembled the content basis for a theoretical green rating system and sustainability search filters that could be applied to Taos as a localized system, or merely provide insight to other destinations and the Airbnb platform as a whole. Architecture Arkitektur Construction Management Byggproduktion
48	Understanding beneficiaries’ experiences of quality in early learning centres Van Heerden, Judith Cornelia (Judy) 01 October 2012 (has links) Additional information available on a CD stored at the Merensky Library.The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of quality in early learning centres which could serve as the groundwork for the development of an early learning quality assurance framework in South Africa. The data used reflects different beneficiaries‘ experiences of quality in early learning centres. The unique contexts of, and situations at early learning centres were considered. A theoretical framework, based on Woodhead‘s model on quality development, informed the study. The framework consists of input (structural), process and outcome quality indicators. In this explanatory instrumental case study framed within social constructionism, the researcher partnered with 235 teachers, 235 mothers and 235 teacher students from a middle income group, to generate mixed method data using surveys, as well as interviews and reflective journals in a statistical and thematical analysis. Beneficiaries‘ conceptualisations of quality mirrored accepted norms of quality in early learning centres. Beneficiaries indicated the following as indicative of quality: children‘s social-emotional well-being and holistic development, a normative foundation for values and respect, effective infrastructure and accountable learning. Aspects regarded as quality indicators by beneficiaries were available at early learning centres. In this regard early learning centres provided more indoor than outdoor facilities. The latter were mostly static outdoor structures which could negatively impact on sensory- and motor development. The promovenda developed a draft quality assurance framework based on the following criteria: school climate, infrastructure, curriculum, communication, teacher competence, learning environment, and support services. The findings show that aspects perceived by beneficiaries as quality indicators in an early learning centre are predominantly process indicators and hard to ‗measure‘ in a quantitative way. A quality school climate enables emotional and social well-being. In this regard, the findings suggest that for the beneficiaries quality concerns were not about that which early learning centres have provided in terms of facilities (input indicators), but rather about centres that promote children‘s holistic well-being. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted Quality rating system Quality assurance Parents Teachers Quality assurance frameworks Early childhood education Early learning centres Environmental rating scale Quality in early learning centres Beneficiaries Accreditation UCTD
49	Sveriges första hälsocertifierade kontor : Lärdomar från implementering av certifieringen WELL Building Standard / The first Swedish office achieving WELL certification Pettersson, Josefine, Winninge, Melinda January 2018 (has links) Andelen miljöcertifierade byggnader har under 2000-talet ökat. Inom kommersiella fastigheter är det numera inte lika ovanligt att kontor miljöcertifieras och en ny aspekt har etablerat sig bland certifieringssystemen - människans välbefinnande. WELL Building Standard är ett hälsocertifieringssystem som sätter människan i centrum. Systemet har under 2017 gjort inträde på den svenska marknaden och det första projektet står klart för verifiering under våren 2018. Detta projekt är Castellums huvudkontor i fastigheten Klassföreståndaren 3 i Stockholm, även kallad Flat Iron Building. Syftet med studien är att bidra till större kunskap om WELL Building Standard under svenska förhållanden och underlätta fortsatt etablering av hälsosamma byggnader. Målsättningen med studien är att identifiera lärdomar från certifieringen av projektet enligt WELL Building Standard - New & Existing Interiors - genom att besvara följande frågeställningar: <ol type="1">Hur förhåller sig det slutgiltiga resultatet i Flat Iron Building gentemot intentionerna med att certifiera projektet och syftet med WELL Building Standard? Med avseende på Flat Iron Building i Stockholm, vilka utmaningar finns vid kombination av de sju koncepten i WELL Building Standard samt svenska lagar och regler? Hur arbetar olika aktörer vid införande av hälsocertifieringen WELL Building Standard i Flat Iron Building? För att undersöka implementering av en hälsocertifiering i projektet utfördes en genomgång av litteratur inom svensk lagstiftning och regelverk, miljöcertifieringssystem samt hälsocertifieringar. Litteraturgenomgången innefattar en kartläggning av WELL Building Standard gentemot Arbetsmiljöverkets föreskrifter, Boverkets byggregler, Miljöbyggnad och LEED. I undersökningen utfördes även en fallstudie med kvalitativa intervjuer och platsbesök. Intervjuerna genomfördes med involverade aktörer samt brukare av kontoret. Studien ger unika lärdomar gällande projektets intentioner och utfall, hur implementeringen av indikatorer kan utföras i Sverige samt arbetssätt vid genomförande av en hälsocertifiering. Exempelvis kan WELL, enligt studien, användas som verktyg för att uppnå beställarens målsättning. Studien lyfter fram både utmaningar och vad som underlättats när systemet kombineras med de svenska regleringar som styr byggandet, där utmaningar redogjorts i projektet kopplat till avsaknad av produktinformation gällande VOC-värden i möbler på den svenska marknaden. Arbetssättet vid WELL Building Standard kan enligt fallet likställas med hur aktörer arbetar i ett miljöcertifieringsprojekt. Likt ett sådant projekt krävs samarbete mellan samtliga inblandade parter. Vidare kan ytterligare lärdomar hämtas i studien som kan användas för att underlätta etablering av fler WELL-projekt. Dessa lärdomar är bland annat kopplade till tidsplanering, kommunikation, kunskap och stöd - däribland vikten av att få WELL att genomsyra alla steg av processen från planering till drift av fastigheten. Avslutningsvis kan de lärdomar som presenteras i detta examensarbete vara till nytta för den som innehar en samordnande roll i byggprojekt och vill arbeta med implementering av WELL Building Standard på den svenska marknaden. Studien kan även användas som referens vid fortsatt forskning inom WELL. / The number of certified green buildings has increased during the 21st century. Within commercial properties, such as offices, it is no longer unusual to use green building rating systems. Hence, new types of rating systems have arisen - those that promote human well-being. The WELL Building Standard is one of these new rating systems that puts the people inside the building at the centre. In 2017, the WELL Building Standard accessed the Swedish market and the first project is ready for Performance Verification in spring 2018. The project is Castellum’s Headquarter in Stockholm with property designation Klassföreståndaren 3, also known as the Flat Iron Building. The aim with this study is to contribute to a greater knowledge of how WELL Building Standard can be used in Sweden and thereby facilitate further establishment of buildings that promotes health and well-being of the building’s occupants. The objective with this study is to identify lessons learned from the certification process of the project according to WELL Building Standard - New & Existing Interiors - by answering the following research questions: What is the outcome of the project in Flat Iron Building in relation to the intentions with using the rating system and the purpose of WELL Building Standard? Regarding Flat Iron Building in Stockholm, which challenges exists when combining the seven concepts of WELL Building Standard and Swedish legislation? How does project stakeholders collaborate during the implementation of WELL Building Standard in Flat Iron Building? To investigate the implementation of a wellness-oriented rating system a literature review about Swedish legislation was conducted. The review includes an overview of how WELL Building Standard compares to The Swedish Work Environment Authority’s Statute Book (AFS); National Board of Housing, Building and Planning’s Building Regulations (BBR); Miljöbyggnad and LEED. Within the investigation a case study with qualitative interviews was conducted, as well as an on-site visit at the headquarter. The interviews were held with different stakeholders in the project. The study contributes to unique lessons about the intentions and outcome of the project, how features can be implemented in Sweden and how project stakeholders collaborate during implementation of a wellness-oriented rating system. According to the study WELL can be used as a tool to achieve the property owner’s objectives. Furthermore, the study demonstrates features which are challenging or uncomplicated when combined with Swedish legislation. One of the challenges described in the project is the absence of product information regarding VOC values in furniture available on the Swedish market. The study demonstrates that collaboration between stakeholders in a WELL Building Standard project is similar with a green building project. In both cases it is important with cooperation between all parties involved. Further lessons can be found in the study to facilitate establishment of WELL-projects. These lessons are related to time management, communication, knowledge and support - for instance the importance of incorporating WELL in the entire building process from planning to management. The lessons presented in this master thesis can serve those who hold a coordinating position in construction projects and is interested in implementing WELL Building Standard in Sweden. The study can also be used as a reference in further research within WELL. WELL Building Standard New & Existing Interiors wellness rating system social sustainability office reconstruction well-being work environment building regulations LEED Miljöbyggnad. WELL Building Standard New & Existing Interiors hälsocertifiering social hållbarhet kontorsmiljö ombyggnation välbefinnande Arbetsmiljöverkets föreskrifter Boverkets byggregler LEED Miljöbyggnad. Architectural Engineering Arkitekturteknik
50	”Maten är kass, men lärarna är snälla” : Recensioner av gymnasieskolor - ett beslutsunderlag för gymnasievalet på skolmarknaden / ”The food is crappy, but the teachers are kind” : Reviews of schools – basis for decision-making for upper secondary school election on a school market Barakat, Mohammed, Östergren, Rolf January 2019 (has links) Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med uppsatsen är att få en förståelse för vad det är elever som söker till gymnasieskolan kan tänkas möta då de läser recensionstexter. Syftet är således att kartlägga recensionssystemets omfattning och innehåll kvantitativt; vad som tas upp i recensionstexterna, samt att undersöka hur recensionstexterna är konstruerade. Avslutningsvis syftar uppsatsen till att diskutera recensionssystemet i en större samhällskontext - som ett resultat av och en del i vår samtid. Vilka ämnen och teman förekommer i recensionstexter av gymnasieskolor samt hur frekvent är förekomsten? Hur värderas (positivt, negativt eller neutralt) de olika temana i recensionerna? På vilket sätt är recensionstexterna konstruerade och hur kan det tolkas? På vilket sätt framträder en skolmarknadsdiskurs i recensionstexterna? Metod De kvantitativa frågorna undersöks genom en innehållsanalys av slumpmässigt utvalda recensioner på gymnasieskolor i Stockholms län. De förekomna orden kvantifieras och delas in i teman, kategorieroch subkategorier. En bedömning görs även utifrån om de förekomna orden lyfts i en positiv, negativ eller neutral kontext. Den kvalitativa delen utgörs av en textanalys inspirerad av diskursanalysen. Av ett antal utvalda recensioner, baserat på dess innehållsliga relevans, analyseras dessa semantiskt med diskursanalytiska verktyg. I diskussions- och analysdelen behandlas resultatet utifrån det teoretiska ramverket och tidigare forskning. Resultat Av innehållsanalysen framgår att de vanligast förekommande temana var allmänna värdeomdömen om skolan, att kommentera lärare samt skolans upplägg och utbildningens kvalité. Det är även vanligt att sociala aspekter så som atmosfär och gemenskap lyfts fram i recensionerna. Av den kvalitativa delen framgår det att recensenterna uttrycker sig på ett sätt som speglar skolmarknadsdiskursen. I somliga fall framgår tydligt hur recensenten anammat skolmarknadsdiskursen. Slutsats Resultatet indikerar att recensionssystemet riskerar att generera segregerande effekter. Framförallt utifrån den asymmetriska tillgången av information och att skola och identitet knyts allt närmare varandra. Detta förtydligas och ställs på sin spets i hur recensionerna är konstruerade och kan, i vissa fall, tänkas vara svårare att bearbeta då gemene elev tenderar att se recensenter som objektiva (till skillnad från övrig tillgänglig information). / Aim The aim with this study is to explore what kind of information pupils, searching for upper secondary school, might get from reading reviews of schools. The purpose is thus to quantify the scope and content of the review system quantitatively; what is mentioned in the review texts, and to examine how the review are textually constructed. Finally, the paper aims to discuss the review system in a larger social context - as a result of and a part of our time. What topics occur in reviews of upper secondary schools and how frequent is the occurrence? How are the different themes in the reviews valued (positive, negative or neutral)? In what way are the review texts constructed and how can it be interpreted? In what way does a school market discourse appear in the reviews? Method The quantitative questions are examined through a content analysis on randomly selected reviews of upper secondary schools in Stockholm County. The words in question are quantified and divided into themes, categories and subcategories. An assessment is also made based on whether the existing words are lifted in a positive, negative or neutral context. The qualitative part consists of a text analysis inspired by the discourse analysis. From a number of selected reviews, based on its substantive relevance, these are semantically analyzed with discourse analytics tools. In a merged discussion and analysis section, the result is treated on the basis of the theoretical framework and previous research. Results The content analysis shows that the most common themes were general value reviews of the school, commenting on teachers and the school's structure and the quality of the education. It is also common to mention social aspects such as atmosphere and cohesion. From the qualitative part it appears that the reviewers express themselves in a way that reflects the school market discourse. In some cases, it is clear that the reviewer has adopted the school market discourse. Conclusion The result indicates that the review system risks generating segregating effects. Especially based on the asymmetric availability of information and the fact that school and identity are getting more connected. This is clarified and put on its tip in how the reviews are constructed and, in some cases, may be more difficult to process when the common student tends to see reviewers as objective (in contrast to other available sources of information). School high school secondary school upper secondary school review reviews rating system review texts rating ratings devolution decentralization municipalization independent education reform school reform school choice customer choice systems customer choice models voucher system check system school vouchers freedom of choice discourse market discourse marketization market-oriented education system market school market school marketing school market schools marketing school information school reviews student reviews open house exit voice information society information problems information asymmetry identity identity creation segregation school segregation content analysis discourse analysis Thomas Ziehe Ulrich Beck Zygmunt Bauman liquid modernity the risk society Skola skolan gymnasiet gymnasium gymnasieskola gymnasieskolan gymnasieskolor recension recensioner recensionssystem recensionstext recensionstexter betyg recensionsbetyg omdöme omdömen decentralisering decentraliseringen kommunalisering kommunaliseringen friskolereform friskolereformen skolreformer skolval kundval kundvalssystem kundvalsmodell kundvalsmodellen vouchersystemet vouchersystem voucher checksystem skolpeng valfrihet valfriheten skolval skolvalet gymnasieval gymnasievalet frisökning diskurs marknadsdiskurs marknadisering marknadsanpassad marknadsanpassning marknadsskola marknadsskolan skolmarknad skolmarknaden skolors marknadsföring skolinformation skolrecensioner elevrecensioner öppet hus gymnasiemässa sorti sorti-strategi protest exit voice informationssamhälle informationssamhället informationsproblem informationsproblemet informationsasymmetri identitet identitetsskapande segregation skolsegregation innehållsanalys diskursanalys Thomas Ziehe Ulrich Beck Zygmunt Bauman den flytande moderniteten risksamhället Pedagogical Work Pedagogiskt arbete

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