The essay's aim was to see which attitudes county council's and municipality representatives had about themes like: collaboration and competence in the work around double diagnosed persons. Its objective was to zero in on the attitudes of the representatives regarding a coallocated collaboration project in Stockholm. Also, it sought to find out what attitudes the representatives had about the other representatives attitudes concerning the above mentioned themes. A number of attitudes were presented during the qualitative interviews with the representatives, highlighting which attitudes seemed strongest. Then the interviews were analyzed using meaning condensation and then set against the theory of social representations. The analysis showed that before work with the target group starts, there’s a need for synchronization of the different representatives involved in the collaboration project. It would help bridge those organisations existing cultural differences, which otherwise, creates conflicts within the personnel group. Lastly, the analysis also indicated that the majority of the county council's representatives were in a weak position vis-à-vis the municipality representatives. However, when it comes to the double diagnosed group, it came to the attention of everyone involved in the project that collaboration is critically important.

Homelessness and homeless people is something that is described and explained in different ways over time. Since the 1950s, two discourses about homelessness and its causes has been competing with each other. One discourse hold the meaning that homelessness is caused by housing shortage and the other focus on individual shortcomings that make homeless to unsuitable tenants. In the media, homelessness and homeless often is associated with crime, addiction and mental illness, this reinforce the public perception of homeless people as deviants, which separates the homeless from society even more.   The purpose of this study is to examine whether media representations of homeless and homelessness in an evening paper and a morning paper, has changed in the 2000s, and if these representations are consistent with those found in the reports of homelessness from The National Board of Wealth and Welfare. In order to achieve the purpose of the study and answer our research questions, the authors have used a discourse analytical approach using some key analytical tools from both critical discourse analysis and discourse theory in the analysis of the empirical material. The material consists of articles from two of the largest newspapers in Sweden, Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet, and the reports from The National Board of Wealth and Welfare.   The result of the study shows that in year 2000 the image of homeless as substance abusers and mentally ill middle-aged men who are roughsleepers is dominating in both Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter and in the report from The National Board of Wealth and Welfare. In year 2012 this representation of homeless remains but is no longer the dominant, when new homeless groups are presented in our material. Our results also indicates that homelessness discourse changed in the 2000s from a antisocial discourse to a discourse that focus on right. The study also shows that the discourse on homeless women has not changed in the 2000s.

The purpose of this essay is to analyse how medial representations in a specific cultural debate expresses thoughts about gender, power and speech. The debate in question took place in Sweden 2010 and was about an inspection of sexual harassments in the Swedish acting area, made by Sveriges Radio, Ekot. This essay examines the made representations of the debate, with a feministic point of view and concludes that a male gaze shapes the form of speech and gives the debate a discourse sort of reasoning about gender. The special discourse formatted in the examined area contains a certain conception of power and the structure of power, which is also explained by the male gaze and the meaning of post-feminism.

Människor har olika förutsättningar för att hitta i sin köksmiljö beroende på vilket hälsotillstånd som ligger till grund för den enskilde individen. Det finns personer som har ett försämrat arbetsminne på grund av att de fått diagnosen lindrig Alzheimers sjukdom. Idag ger många köksluckor ingen information om innehållet, och i varje enskild individs kök finns det olika objekt beroende på vad som används. Denna studie handlar om att hitta olika former av åtgärder i köksmiljöer för att lättare kunna hitta, det finns en förhoppning av att problemen med att inte hitta kan minska. Att använda datainsamlingstekniker som litteratur, intervjuer, workshop och fokusgrupp ska det gå att få reda på vilka åtgärder som kan fungera. Resultaten visar på att det finns problem, och dessa är tänkt att lösa med olika åtgärdsförslag. De förslag som framkommit som kognitiva stöd är bland annat, öppna planlösningar, individuella bilder och transparanta luckor.

In digital-classroom practices, pupils design their learning processes in collaboration with their peers, employing different semiotic resources when representing signs of learning in a constant flow. There still remain differences, however, between learning practices and the way pupils are formally tested. During tests, knowledge is regularly represented individually and often by delimited resources in contrast to digital learning practices where technologies enable redesign with a broader mix of written text, images, colours, graphs etc. In this thesis I investigate the increased access to and the frequent use of digital resources in schools and how these challenges contribute to tensions between and among school practices. In addition I discuss how digitalised learning environments can be studied in educational research. The aim of my thesis is to add to the existing knowledge about how the use of digital resources shapes knowledge representations and also the pupils’ possibilities to represent their knowledge. Knowledge representations are seen partly as an expression of the pupils’ knowledge in school and partly as an expression of products that are designed to be used in education such as digital educational games, two of which I will study in this thesis. My theoretical understanding draws on a design-oriented multimodal perspective on learning. Findings are discussed in relation to didactic design and Learning Design Sequence model (LDS). A developed LDS model is presented that summarises and highlights my findings. In the thesis I also discuss some of the challenges for a researcher when studying learning in a digitalised school with a focus on interaction and communication and how multimodal data can be transcribed, analysed and presented in a publication. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Accepted. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

En majoritet av svenska barn deltar i förskoleaktiviteter, vilket indikerar att förskolemiljön spelar en viktig roll för de erfarenheter barn får i sin vardag. Förskolans verksamhet baserar sig i hög grad på grundläggande värderingar och idéer beträffande bland annat barnuppfostran, förskolans uppdrag och synen på förskolans roll i samhället. Syftet med den här studien är att beskriva och analysera lärarnas konstruktion av mening och vardagskunskap beträffande förskolan som pedagogisk praktik. Fokus för den empiriska studien är hur delad kunskap om förskolan genereras och artikuleras av lärare som arbetar i förskolan. Den teoretiska ramen tar sin utgångspunkt i teorin om sociala representationer. Studien syftar till att svara på frågor om innehåll och teman i lärarnas samtal samt lyfta fram de kommunikativa resurser som används av deltagarna när de skapar en gemensam förståelse av vardagsarbetet i förskolan. Empirin i föreliggande studie utgörs av diskussioner i fokusgrupper. Sju grupper med sammanlagt 45 deltagare deltog i dessa fokusgruppsintervjuer. Resultatet visar att lärares samtal om förskolans yrkespraktik inkluderar underliggande sociala representationer. Ett antagande som är centralt i studien är att representationerna ligger till grund för hur arbetet organiseras och genomförs. Deltagarna i studien var arbetskamrater och deras diskussioner tog sin utgångspunkt i stimulusmaterial som jag tillhandahöll i syfte att stimulera diskussionen. En analys av data visar att lärarna utvecklar delade kunskapssystem vilket inkluderar olika, sinsemellan motsatta idéer och värderingar av förskolan som pedagogisk praktik. Begreppet relationella kategorier bidrar till att lyfta fram och synliggöra dessa motsatta idéer. De skall dock betraktas med utgångspunkt i ett ömsesidigt beroende och i relation till varandra snarare än särskiljande dikotomier. De relationella kategorierna formar kulturella antaganden utifrån vilka människor tänker och talar. Att tala utifrån en position innebär således att vi tar något för givet. Analysen resulterade i ett flertal relationella kategorier vilka tycks ha inverkan på lärares tal om sin praktik. I studien beskrivs även förankringsprocesser och kommunikativa resurser som deltagarna använder för att skapa gemensam förståelse för vardagsarbetet i förskolan. Resultatet visar att lärarna ger uttryck för två, sinsemellan olika, sociala representationer av förskolan som pedagogisk praktik: Förskolan som en plats för alla och Förskolan som en plats för några. Dessa båda representationer innefattar skilda representationer av barn och barns kompetenser, lärarens yrkesroll samt förskolans roll i samhället. Begreppet cognitive polyphasia bidrar tillatt belysa och beskriva relationen mellan stabil och föränderlig kunskap samt hur det kommer sig att lärarnas sociala representationer av förskolan framstår som ambivalenta och i viss mån t.o.m. motsägelsefulla. Studien bidrar till en fördjupad förståelse för den komplexa och dynamiska kunskap som involverar lärarens konstruktion av mening beträffande förskolan som pedagogisk praktik. Teorin om sociala representationer möjliggör analys och beskrivning av denna komplexitet. / A majority of Swedish children take part in preschool activities. This indicates that the pre-school environment plays an important role in children’s everyday experiences. However, what happens in the preschool is largely based on fundamental values and ideas in society as well as those held among teachers. The study aims to describe and analyze teachers’ constructions of meaning and common sense knowledge concerning preschool as a pedagogical practice. It focuses on how shared knowledge of preschool practice is articulated and generated by teachers. The theoretical framework is the theory of social representations. The study investigates the content in teachers’ talk as well as communicative resources used when discussing their everyday work. The empirical data has been obtained from seven focus group discussions with a total of 45 participants. The participants in the groups were colleagues and they were given material to support their discussions. The results indicate that teachers’ discussions about their daily practice include underlying social representations. Analyses of data show that the teachers develop shared knowledge systems. This indicates that teachers have contradictory ideas and values about preschool as a pedagogical practice. The analytical concept of ‘relational categories’ draws attention to these contradictory ideas as mutually interdependent, where one point of view makes sense only in terms of the other. Several relational categories were identified in the teachers’ talk. The study also gives support to the process of anchoring, showing how communicative resources are used by the participants to create a common understanding of everyday work. The results suggest two different social representations of preschool as a pedagogical practice: Preschool as a place for everyone and Preschool as a place for just a few. Hopefully, this study will increase our knowledge of teachers’ constructions of meaning in relation to preschool as a pedagogical practice. The theory of social representations enables analysis and descriptions of this complexity.

Title: How masculine is Donald Trump? – A comparative discourse analysis of how Donald Trumps masculinities are portrayed on The New York Times, The Guardian &amp; Aftonbladets webpages The aim of this essay is to compare how Donald Trumps masculinities are portrayed in the news reporting by The New York Times, The Guardian and Aftonbladets webpages. The time period of the study capture Donald Trump before he was elected as president, after the election and then as the position as incumbent president to grasp one more dimension of his masculine identity throw different time periods and capture his subject position in the news reporting. The method that is used to examine this issue is Laclau and Mouffes discourse theory that work as a combination of discourse analysis as a method of analyzing the news text and locate different discourses. As well as in combination with theories about masculinities and previous studies about former presidents, macho culture and hegemonic masculinities. The result show Donald Trump with different masculine identities through both time and media channel. Donald Trump has first been seen as a masculine joke, a stunt like one of the Jackass-gang would pull in the TV-series. A man that is not afraid to take the challenge and run for president even if the odds are well against him, he represent a masculine crisis. Later on he take the form of a business man that hopefully will ”not” run USA like his worldwide affairs, fast and unpredictable. The latest chapter portray Donald Trump as a fearless president that do whatever he want in policy making and the media is afraid of what will happen to the world order. From a former identity of a ”business rockstar” that does what he wants with females and worldwide affairs to become one of the most fearsome manly leader of the western civilication. Alongside with the theory of masculinities Donald Trump try to defend the hegemonic masculinity of politics and business leders by playing on a possible ”mancard” like Ronald Reagan back in the 80 ́s, by reaching out to the industry workers that mostly are men and defending there chances of labour – when the society evolved form industrial to a more service economic society with women competing alongside men about workplace. The slogan ”America First” would rather be ”Masculinity First”, ”Make America Masculine Again” would be the text on the caps

No description available.

Den här uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka hur barn och föräldrar med olika hudfärg och varierad etnisk tillhörighet representeras i ett urval av läroböcker. Böckerna behandlar olika aspekter av barns utveckling och ingår som kurslitteratur på utbildningar inom socialt arbete, psykologi och pedagogik i Sverige.Undersökningen är genomförd med hjälp av Norman Faircloughs kritiska diskursteori. I analysen undersöker jag vilka budskap om barn och föräldrar som texterna och bilderna förmedlar samt hur dessa budskap förhåller sig till redan existerande diskurser. Förstärker eller utmanar författarna befintliga stereotypa koloniala diskurser? Analysen av materialet visar att författarna medvetet eller omedvetet traderar rasistiska föreställningar om ’den Andre’ och om ’icke vita’ medan ’vita’ får representera det ’normala’ och det normativa. Författarna lägger bland annat ansvaret för ’icke vita’ barn och vuxnas utanförskap på den enskilde individen eftersom författarna inte beaktar strukturella orsaker till att människor blir exkluderade. Analysen visar också att författarna hämtar det som skall exemplifiera ’ickeväst’ från rurala miljöer, ofta från ’stamfolk’, från extremt fattiga slumområden och från andratidsperioder vilket gör jämförelserna ytterst problematiska. Genom detta urvalsförfarande jämförs ofta den mest rurala platsen på exempelvis den afrikanska kontinenten med en urban europeisk miljö, vilket skapar en dikotomi mellan det ’moderna väst’ och det ’omoderna övriga’. Då de undersökta läroböckerna ingår i utbildning för blivande socionomer riskerar författarnas syn på etnicitet och hudfärg att cementera fördomar som försvårar det sociala arbetet, exempelvis mötet med barn och föräldrar med annan bakgrund än ’vit svensk’.Utifrån ett normkritiskt perspektiv är det viktigt att utbildningsinstitutioner uppmärksammar läromedel som saknar ett mångfaldsperspektiv och en bred representation då det kan blinödvändigt att komplettera undervisningen genom att bredda representationen med andra mer inkluderande bilder och beskrivningar. / The aim of this thesis is to investigate how children and parents with different skin color andethnicities are represented in a selection of textbooks. The books deal with various aspects of children's development and are included as course literature in educations in social work, psychology and pedagogy in Sweden. The study is based on a critical discourse theory as described by Norman Fairclough. In the analysis, I investigate how texts and images in the books relate to already existing discourses about race and ethnicity and I further on discuss how such ideas could affect a broader social practice. Do the authors reinforce existing stereotypical images or do they challenge and transcend them? The analysis of the material demonstrate that the authors, consciously or unconsciously, reproduce racist discourses and stereotypical notions about ‘non white’ children and parents. Among other things, the authors place the responsibility for exclusion on the individual, as the authors do not include structural explanations in their answer to why some people are or feel excluded. The authors draw their conclusions about ‘non west’ children and parents belonging to non white groups, on examples collected from rural environments, often from 'tribal peoples' or extremely poor slum areas, and from other time periods. Through this selection procedure, rural places on the African continent, are compared to an urban European environment, which creates a dichotomous image of the world: The 'modern West' and the 'oldfashioned Rest'. As the textbooks examined are included in education for future social workers, the authors' representations of ethnicity and skin color risk reinforcing prejudices that might affect social work in practice. It is important for educational institutions to pay attention to teaching materials that lack a diversity perspective, and it might be necessary to supplement the teaching by broadening the representation with other descriptions and images.

Denna studie var av explorativ karaktär. Syftet var att undersöka digitaliseringens effekter på det psykologiska kontraktet; ett forskningsfokus som tidigare inte har uppmärksammats i litteraturen. En kvalitativ design med utgångspunkt från teorin om sociala representationer valdes (Moscovici, 2000). Femton anställda (11 kvinnliga och fyra manliga) med varierande yrken i olika typer av organisationer deltog. Data samlades in med semistrukturerade intervjuer och analyserades därefter med tematisk analys. Resultaten visade i korthet att digitaliseringen är representerat i det kollektiva medvetandet som positiv förväntan, social distansering, digitalisering som en förmedlande part i det psykologiska kontraktet och dess konsekvenser för ett socialt kontrakt. Dessa förståelser av den pågående digitaliseringsprocessen diskuteras avslutningsvis i rapporten. De har potentiell betydelse för hur olika organisationer och företag implementerar digital teknik. / This study was of an exploratory nature. The purpose was to explore the effects of digitalization on the psychological contract; a focus that has not been noticed in previous research. A qualitative design based on the theory of social representations was chosen (Moscovici, 2000). Fifteen employees (11 female and four male) with varying occupations in different types of organizations participated. Data were collected with semi-structured interviews and then analyzed with thematic analysis. In short summary, the results showed that digitization is represented in the collective consciousness as positive expectations, social distancing, digitization as a mediating party in the psychological contract and its consequences for a social contract. These understandings of the ongoing digitization process are discussed in the report. They have a potential impact on how different organizations and companies implement digital technology.