Spatial ability and the skill to visualize objects is necessary for earth scientist, especially structural geologist. For this reason, undergraduate students within earth science needs to learn this skills, and how is the best way to teach this skills. To implement 3D thinking in undergraduate teaching, three strategies are presented. The first one is to separate and combine objects, which includes to see geological differences and categorize them. Secondly, visualize objects, both many and single ones and see which ones who are connected. Third and lastly is still and moving objects which involves geological processes. It is important to give students time to develop their spatial abilities and help them during the learning process. Another aspect to this is the path of information within the human brain when visualizing an object. The result shows that the process starts with the human eye which perceive the object and its attributes, then the geniculate nucleus sorts the information and directs it toward the visual primary cortex located in the occipital lobe. The primary visual cortex then send the information though the ventral- and dorsal steam which produces a visualization. Aspects which can affect the spatial ability may be earlier experiences, age and the way each person perceive the object. These factors effects how hard humans think the process of visualization is. The questionnaire showed that 3D models help students to visualize and should be used more in undergraduate teaching. / Förmågan att visualisera objekt och förstå dem är nödvändig för en geovetare, speciellt inom strukturgeologi. Därför är det viktigt att studenter på kandidatprogram i geovetenskap får tillfälle att lära sig den förmågan. För att implementera 3D-tänkande i undervisningen har tre strategier tagits fram. Den första är att separera och kombinera objekt, vilket inkluderar att se geologiska skillnader och kategorisera dem. Den andra är att visualisera ett eller flera objekt och se vilka som är kopplade till varandra. Den tredje är att se objekt som är i stilla eller i rörelse, vilket involverar geologiska processer. Det är viktigt att ge studenterna tid för att utveckla sin spatiala förmåga och att hjälpa dem under utvecklingen. Arbetet syftar också till att ta reda på hur visuell information bearbetas av den mänskliga hjärnan. Först bearbetas informationen av ögat, sen till geniculate nucleus som sorterar informationen och skickar den till det primära visuella cortex som ligger i occipital-loben. Därefter processas informationen av ventrala och dorsala stammen och det är här som en visualisering produceras. Faktorer så som ålder, tidigare erfarenheter och hur ögat uppfattar objekten påverkar hur visualiseringen blir och hur svårt individen uppfattar processen. Enkätundersökningen visade på att 3D-modeller hjälper studenter att visualisera och borde användas mer i undervisning på kandidatnivå.

Recently, there have been intense discussions about the humanities and their role in society. Internationally, as well as in a Swedish context, the humanities have been regarded to be in a state of crisis. However, these discussions usually demonstrate a lack of historical perspectives based on thorough empirical research. The notion of a crisis needs to be historicized. In this study, a case is being examined where the relationship between science and society was renegotiated. In the context of World War II, a discourse has been identified in a borderland between science and politics through an analysis of Swedish journals and anthologies during the time period 1937-1947. Historical actors were then highlighting that the humanities faced several challenges. The study argues that these discussions should be regarded as parts of a renegotiation of the humanities’ social contract. In the context of the war and fundamental societal changes, there occurred a greater pressure than before to mobilize science socially in order to make science appear as a legitimate undertaking. For the humanities, such demands seemed to conflict with their scientific ethos. During the interwar period this ethos was often based on a norm that demanded the drawing of a strict boundary between science and politics. But if they did not mobilize socially, scholars risked getting blamed for being isolated in the so-called ‘ivory tower’. How the humanities could be effectively mobilized in order to satisfy the needs of society while still maintaining their legitimacy in a scientific context emerged as a fundamental problem with no clear solutions. Part of this problem was the exclusion of the humanities from politically hegemonic narratives of society’s development, in contrast to natural and social sciences. Reactions to specific historical experiences and distinct expectations for the future thus seem – at least on a discursive level – to have put the humanities in a state of marginalization as early as the time period examined in this thesis.

This thesis by the name To create oneself: Carl Peter Thunberg’s persona constructed by means of his travel account draws inspiration from recent studies within the history of science regarding the concept of persona. It seeks to expand the notion of persona to examine how it could be constructed and refined by individuals. In doing so, it offers an alternative approach to persona. Not as intellectual standard types but as a joining together of qualities that through the joining creates unique personae to each individual. Furthermore, the essay looks at change, and how it could function as an aspect of a persona. In order to examine this, I will look at how the persona of Carl Peter Thunberg was constructed in his travel account which was published in four parts and covered his travels in Europe, Africa and Asia in the 1770s. Thunberg was one of Carl von Linné’s students and a natural historian and physician in his own right. His travel account was widely anticipated and offered an opportunity for him to introduce himself to a wider audience. This source is exemplary for this kind of analysis as all four parts of the travel account existed within the same genre and was written for the same public, yet changes occurred in how Thunberg was portrayed. Rather than explaining these changes in how Thunberg was portrayed by changes in his personal circumstances, I will argue that they are best understood by considering the aspect of change as a central strategy in constructing Thunberg’s persona as a evolving scientist and natural historian.

"Understanding what I write" is a study of university-scientists’ work concerning science-information, with the basis in Pedagogical Theory. The empirical material is collected through an inquiry and several interviews with scinentists at the ten universities of Sweden. This inquiry was done within the timeframe of November 2000 to Janurary 2001. The purpose is to find out wich methods scientists use to spread their knowledge to the society and what possibilities there are to improve these. / "Jag skriver begripligt "är en studie av universitetsforskares arbete med forskningsinformation med utgångspunkt i pedagogisk teori. Det empiriska materialet är insamlat i form av en enkät och ett flertal intervjuer med forskare på Sveriges tio universitet, under tidsperioden första november 2000 till sista januari 2001. Syftet med undersökningen är att ta reda på vilka metoder forskare använder för att sprida sin kunskap till det omgivande samhället och vilka möjligheter det finns att förbättra dessa.

Syftet med studien är att ta reda på hur femåriga barn i förskolan förklarar och kommer på lösningar kring ett problemlösande experiment kring det fysikaliska fenomenet flyta-sjunka. Metoden som valts att använda var videoobservation. Studien baseras på en videoobservation under ca 25 minuter med fyra barn i femårsåldern. Aktiviteten delades in i två olika delar, där första delen fokuserar på hypoteser kring om olika föremål skulle antingen flyta eller sjunka och den andra delen fokuserar på ett problemlösande, där barnen skulle få något som tidigare sjönk att kunna flyta. Resultatet i studien visar på att barnen har fokus på tyngd, form och storlek utifrån om ett föremål ska flyta eller sjunka. Barnen visar också stort intresse och initiativtagande till att lösa den problematiserande uppgiften de fick i början av aktiviteten, de konstruerar och formar olika material och de lyckas forma en aluminiumbåt som bär en kotte och tre stenar. / The purpose of the study is to find out how five-year-old children explain and find solutions in relation to a problem-solving experiment around the physical phenomenon float-sink. The method that was opted to use was video observation. The study is based on a video observation that lasted for 25 minutes with four children who were around five years old. The activity was divided into two different parts, the first part focused on hypotheses around the outcome of different objects in water, if they would either float or sink. The other part focused on problem solving, where the children should get something that earlier sank to float. The result of the study shows that the children focused on weight, form and size of the objects, in predicting whether they would sink or float. The children also show a big interest and take initiative to solve the problem that they were given in the beginning of the activity. They construct and shape the different materials and they succeed by creating an aluminium boat that could carry a pinecone and three stones.

In this thesis, we report the findings of designing data export functionality in Uppsala University Psychosocial Care Program (U-CARE) at Uppsala University. The aim of this thesis was to explore the design space for generic data export functionality in data centric clinical research applications for data analysis. This was attained by the construction and evaluation of a prototype for a data-centric clinical research application. For this purpose Action Design Research (ADR) was conducted, situated in the domain of clinical research. The results consist of a set of design principles expressing key aspects needed to address when designing data export functionality. The artifacts derived from the development and evaluation process each one constitutes an example of how to design for data export functionality of this kind.

No description available.

The introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) substantially reduced malaria-related mortality and morbidity during the past decade. Despite the widespread use of ACT, there is still a considerable knowledge gap with regards to safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties of these drugs, particularly in vulnerable populations like children and pregnant women. In addition, there is growing evidence of widespread artemisinin-resistance across the Greater Mekong Subregion. Expedited delivery of novel antimalarial drugs with different mechanisms of action to the clinical setting is still far off; therefore, it is crucial to improve the use of existing antimalarial drugs for optimal outcome in order to prolong their therapeutic life span. This thesis focuses on utilizing pharmacometric tools to support this effort for malaria prevention and treatment. An extensive simulation framework was used to explore alternative malaria chemopreventive dosing regimens of a commonly used ACT, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. Different monthly and weekly dosing regimens were evaluated and this allowed an understanding of the interplay between adherence, loading dose and malaria incidence. A weekly dosing regimen substantially improved the prevention effect and was less impacted by poor adherence. This is also expected to reduce selection pressure for development of resistance to piperaquine. Population pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamic models were developed for artesunate and the active metabolite dihydroartemisinin, effect on parasite clearance, in patients with artemisinin-resistant and -sensitive malaria infections in Southeast Asia. The modeling identified an association between parasite density and drug bioavailability. It predicted the presence of high levels of artemisinin resistant infection among patients in Cambodia and its spread into Myanmar. A nomogram to identify patients with artemisinin resistant infections was developed. Furthermore, the model was used to demonstrate the need for extended treatment duration to treat patients with artemisinin resistant infections. A population pharmacokinetic model developed from data on pregnant women in East Africa allowed further understanding of artemether-lumefantrine exposure in pregnant populations. It also suggested that the lumefantrine exposure in this population is not compromised. In summary, the results presented in this thesis demonstrate the value of pharmacometric approaches for improving antimalarial drug treatment and prevention. This ultimately contributes to overcoming the prevailing challenges to malaria control.

Amyloid PET imaging with [11C]PIB enabled detection of Aβ for the first time in vivo. However, [11C]PIB is a small molecule that binds only the insoluble Aβ plaque. Rather, the soluble Aβ aggregates are considered the cause of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As such, a more sensitive and specific PET tracer is needed for tracking longitudinal AD pathology. Soluble Aβ aggregates likely interact with the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) to cause neurotoxic effects. However, with [11C]ABP688 PET we were unable to detect aberrant mGluR5 binding in AD mouse models, although we find elevated mGluR5 protein levels with immunoblotting. Antibodies are highly specific large molecules that can bind specifically to soluble Aβ aggregates, thus they can be a good marker for AD pathology. Unfortunately, due to their large size they cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, it is possible to shuttle antibodies into the brain by taking advantage of endogenous transporter systems on the BBB. By creating bispecific antibodies binding both to soluble Aβ aggregates and to the transferrin receptor (BBB target), we successfully transported the antibody into the brain and could visually detect soluble Aβ aggregates with PET. Recombinant expression further improved and optimized antibody design, creating smaller bispecific antibody-based constructs that had better pharmacokinetic properties allowing for earlier PET scanning (1 day instead of 3), and more sensitive signal. Lastly, using TCO-tetrazine click chemistry, we indirectly labeled our antibodies with fluorine-18, and could successfully perform PET already 11 h post-injection with a fluorine-18 labeled antibody.

The purpose of the study is to highlight perceptions about data literacy among employees at Luleå University professional services and institutions. The purpose is motivated on the report that the University Library in Luleå wrote in 2018, a report that shows a discrepancy between the national vision of open research data and the actual research data management at Luleå University of Technology. The university employees' perceptions about the issue can be seen as a current situation description at Luleå University of Technology, but also as a starting point for future discussions about educating data literacy at Luleå University of Technology. The theoretical foundat-ion of the study is social constructionist and is within the socio-cultural perspective formation in which Roger Säljö's interpretations of literature and learning are in focus. The study shows that there are perceptions that express the need for education in data literacy, but also that there are intra-institutional problems regarding get-ting time and space for the education and that there is a demand for a greater collaboration between libraries and institutions on the issue. This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.