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從知識管理觀點探討研究機構研發團隊之衍生創業 / A Study of the Spin-off Process of A Research Institute’s R&D Team from the Perspective of Knowledge Management胡欣怡, Hu, Hsin Yi Unknown Date (has links)
公共研究機構經由商品化過程,可將研發創新的成果擴散至產業,這樣的產研連結被視為是提升產業競爭力的關鍵要素之一,因此,研究機構的衍生創業議題近年來亦逐漸受到重視。然而創業過程牽涉的活動相當複雜,而且,研究機構研發團隊成員主要為技術背景,缺乏商業相關知識,因此,進行創新創業時,面臨到很大的挑戰。本研究從知識管理的觀點出發,將研究機構研發團隊衍生創業過程分為研究開發、商業轉化、新事業、經營維持四階段,深入探討各階段中,關鍵知識的差異與變化。此外,本研究也分析衍生創業各階段之知識管理活動的重點,並探討這些知識管理活動與創業活動的關聯性,期望能發展出研究機構衍生創業的有效知識管理模式,以提生創業的績效。
本研究透過深入的個案研究發現,研究機構研發團隊在衍生創業的四個階段中,各有不同的關鍵知識,也發現這些研發團隊可透過不同的知識管理活動,來降低創業的風險與不確定性,進而提升了衍生創業的績效。本研究進一步得到以下結論:
一、研究機構研發團隊衍生創業各階段皆有不同目標與創業活動,其關鍵知識也各有差異:(1)研究開發期之關鍵知識為「技術知識」;(2)商業轉化期之關鍵知識為「技術知識」與「市場知識」;(3)新事業期之關鍵知識為「技術知識」、「市場知識」與「管理知識」;(4)經營維持期之關鍵知識為「市場知識」與「管理知識」。
二、研究機構研發團隊衍生創業各階段中不同關鍵知識,其複雜度、深度與廣度等性質會隨階段發展而逐漸轉化。
三、研究機構研發團隊在衍生創業的不同階段,會分別著重不同的知識管理活動,以期創業活動的進行更加順利,進而提升創業的績效。(1)研究開發期著重於「技術知識的分享與創造」;(2)商業轉化期著重於「技術知識的創造」與「市場知識的獲取」;(3)新事業期著重於「市場知識獲取」、「管理知識創造」以及「技術知識」與「市場知識」跨領域分享;(4)經營維持期著重於「管理知識創造」以及「技術知識與市場知識跨領域分享」。
四、研究機構研發團隊在衍生創業的過程中,會透過有效的知識管理活動,來促進關鍵創業活動的執行,進而提升創業的績效。
在理論貢獻方面,本研究以知識為焦點,檢視研究機構研發團隊衍生創業過程中,知識管理活動與創業活動的關聯性,並提出以知識管理為基礎的衍生創業管理模型。
在實務應用方面,本研究的成果可以提供研究機構研發團隊之衍生創業有關如何透過適當的知識管理活動來提升創業績效之參考。依據研究發現與結論,本研究針對衍生創業團隊提出了以下的建議:
1. 宜塑造組織內知識分享的環境與氛圍。
2. 宜即早進行市場知識的獲取,增加市場知識內涵的寬度與廣度。
3. 宜在衍生創業之前完成原型產品,以降低風險與不確定性。
4. 宜在衍生創業之前建立量產製程技術,以降低風險與不確定性。
5. 宜加強技術知識之應用性與市場性內涵。
6. 宜重視市場知識與技術知識之連結與相關活動。
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臺北市國民小學知識管理與學校競爭優勢關係之研究 / A study of relationship between knowledge management and school competitive advantage in elementary schools of Taipei City匡秀蘭 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討臺北市國民小學知識管理與學校競爭優勢之現況與兩者間的關係。本研究主要以問卷調查進行研究,以分層取樣方式選取臺北市57所國民小學之877名教師為受試樣本,回收問卷共803份,回收率91.6﹪,有效問卷784份。調查結果以t考驗、單因子變異數分析、積差相關與多元逐步迴歸進行資料分析,所得研究結果如下:
一、臺北市國民小學教師在知識管理各層面中,知覺知識取得最高,知識分享為最低。
二、男性教師在知覺知識分享層面高於女性教師。
三、臺北市國民小學教師在學校競爭優勢各層面中,知覺環境設備優勢最高,學生學習表現優勢最低。
四、男性教師在知覺整體學校競爭優勢及其各層面上的得分,高於女性教師。
五、學校歷史不同的教師在知覺整體學校知識管理及學校競爭優勢確實有差異。
六、整體學校知識管理與學校競爭優勢二者之間呈現高度正相關,意即教師知覺學校知識管理的程度愈高,則學校之競爭優勢愈強。
七、學校知識管理對於整體學校競爭優勢及其各層面的影響均為正向。
最後依據研究結論提出建議,以供教育行政者、學校教師以及後續研究者之參考。 / This study aims at probing the current situations and the relationship between knowledge management and school competitive advantage in elementary schools of Taipei City. Questionnaire was employed to conduct the study. 877 teachers of 57 elementary schools of Taipei City were selected as subjects through stratified sampling method. 803 copies of questionnaires were retrieved. The retrieval rate was 91.6%. There were 784 copies of valid questionnaires which were analyzed by means of t-test, one-way ANOVA, product-moment correlation, and multiple stepwise regression analysis, and the results were as follows:
1.Among all facets of knowledge management, the elementary school teachers of Taipei City scored highest in perceptive knowledge, and lowest in knowledge sharing.
2.Male teachers scored higher in perceptive knowledge sharing than their female counterparts.
3.Among all facets of school competitive advantage, the elementary school teacher of Taipei City scored highest in perceptive environment facilities advantage and lowest in students’ learning performance advantage.
4.Male teachers scored higher in holistic perceptive school competitive advantage and its related facets than their female counterparts.
5.Teachers from schools with different historical backgrounds showed differences in holistic perceptive school knowledge management and school competitive advantage.
6.High positive correlation was shown in holistic perceptive school knowledge management and school competitive advantage, meaning the higher teachers’ degrees in perceptive knowledge management the stronger school’s competitive advantage.
7.The impacts of school knowledge management onto the holistic school competitive advantage and its facets were all positive.
Suggestions made based on the study results are meant for use as reference for administrators, teachers, and future researchers.
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資通訊工程業知識管理策略之探討─以A公司B區交控系統工程專案為例 / Research for the strategy of knowledge management of information and communications engineering industry─the project of the construction of traffic control system in area B by company A李長昇 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文是針對國內交通控制工程產業環境制度現況,因大都屬大型工程專案,故品質不易控管維持,廠商也常發生因專案影響公司營運。知識、資源與經驗皆不易管理與傳承,以及主要客戶的顧客關係管理日益重要的背景,為突破市場的競爭壓力並掌握主要客戶,探討企業必須投入以主要客戶為號召的核心客戶顧客關係管理策略,進而達到整體企業經營績效提升。
本研究是從個案公司的現況及產業結構、發展現況與經營策略等三方向探討知識管理策略,以期益於個案公司的核心客戶顧客關係管理策略的建立與整體營運成長之目的,從整體知識管理策略的擬訂、知識管理資訊系統的發展,以及企業營運知識管理等方面,探討資通訊產業知識管理的掌握與發展,以利我國資通訊產業進行知識管理能力之培養。
大型專案強調團隊協同作業,公司團隊從組織分工、專案資料建立運用、資源管理…等議題,如何利用過往人員的經驗、公司與上下游廠商資料庫,將顯性、隱性知識充分傳遞利用與管理將是決定專案能否依計畫時程控制成本並能順利完工之關鍵。 / Due to the difficulty of controlling and maintaining the quality of large public bid projects, and to the business winning the bid projects that were too weak at project management to impact the operations; as well that the knowledge, resources, and experiences are all hard to be managed and inherited, and the importance of the relationships to major clients is increasing, this paper is discussing the knowledge management for business and the strategy for managing the relationships of core clients; in order to control major clients by breaking through the pressure of market competence and lift the overall operating efficiency for the business.
The keys deciding whether the project will successfully complete within the time schedule and cost control include emphasis at teamwork, the issues of building up company structure including job assignment, information bank, resources management, etc., experiences of manpower, the project information warehouse linking with venders and clients, and fully transmission and usage knowledge.
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知識管理與中學教師專業成長之研究 ─ 以臺北市私立景文高級中學為例 / Study on Teachers' Knowledge Management and Professional Development at High Schools -- A Case study of Taipei Jingwen High School江朝貴, Chiang, Chao-Kuei Unknown Date (has links)
臺灣在2014年生育率為全球第二低國家,部份私立中學也因少子化的嚴重衝擊,近二、三年來造成招生不足,教師面臨超額、資遣、流浪教師等壓力。因此,私立中學教師更應以主動積極的態度,參與各種學習活動,來促進知識管理及專業成長的智能,增進教師及學校競爭力。
本研究旨在瞭解中學教師的知識管理與教師專業成長之間的關係;研究者以私立景文高中的教師為例,透過教育現場的觀察、訪談、質性資料之蒐集和分析,探討中學教師對知識管理與專業成長的知覺與實施現況。
本研究發現:在知識管理方面,1.中學教師知識的取得包括教師個人的自我成長、學校計畫性的規劃學習及資訊科技平台的運用。2.知識儲存可以透過教師專業發展平台、電子資料庫等資訊設備,並規劃教師專業社群。3.知識的分享有大小規模之分,宜透過更多獎勵機制擴散。4.在知識應用方面,依照學生的素質、能力實施不同的教學方法與教學知識;透過觀課及議課活動,給予回饋。5.知識的創新則是引進資訊工具、參加專業社群,開創學校的教學特色等。
在專業成長方面: 1.學校如能規劃「校本教師專業成長計畫」,可以有效提升教師專業成長。2.課程設計與教學的知能包括教師能運用己身優質的教學專業知識和技能,設計活潑的新課程;積極使用各項資訊設備,並運用腦力激盪及團隊工作來創新課程。3.班級經營與輔導包括教師用心培養學生建立優質的常規、學習文化、和諧氣氛及帶著走的基本能力;透過師生互動,了解學生個性、性向、興趣與專長,發揮其潛能、發現其問題,並能予以適當的協助與指導。
知識管理是促進教師專業成長的重要方法,教師如能運用知識管理的方法,有系統地管理知識,充實專業知識內涵,增進教學經驗與智慧,將有助於促進教師專業成長。教師專業成長有助於知識管理的持續推動,一位高度專業成長的教師,對於知識的取得及應用,通常也較為嫻熟且得心應手。因此,知識管理與教師專業成長成為動態的循環關係。
最後建議: 1.建置工作小組以協助所有學校推動知識管理及教師專業成長工作;2.提供教師多元的進修及研習機會,滿足教師專業成長需求;3.透過獎勵或競賽的方式,培養樂於分享的份為氛圍。4.擴大圖書館成為「知識管理資料庫」及「教師專業成長教學資源中心」;5.中學教師應努力提昇個人的知識管理和教師專業成長之知能;運用知識管理的技能,來提昇教師專業成長的素養。 / Taiwan’s birth rate became the second lowest of all countries in the world in 2014. Due to the serious impact on such low birth rate, some private high schools have been facing the number shortage of recruit in the past three years. And thus, the private high school teachers have also suffered the jobless pressure. Therefore, the private high school teachers should more aggressively participate in various learning events to enhance the ability to knowledge management and professional growth, and furthermore to improve the competitiveness of teachers and schools.
The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between the teacher knowledge management and the teacher professional growth in high schools. Cooperating with the teachers in Taipei Jinwen High School, the author explores the current situation of the high school teachers’ ability to knowledge management and professional growth via the observation and interviews in classes and the analyzation of qualitative data.
In the aspect of knowledge management, this study observes that (1) the knowledge acquiring of high school teachers includes teachers’ self-growth, schools’ organized learning plan, and the application of informative technology platform; (2) the knowledge storing can be through informative facilities like teacher professional growth platform, electronic database and teacher professional community; (3) the knowledge sharing has different scales, it’s better to have more award systems to diffuse knowledge; (4) as the aspect of knowledge applying, teachers should use different teaching methods and knowledge according to students different learning quality, and give feedback during class; (5) as the aspect of knowledge innovating, schools can be introduced to informative tools and teachers can participate in professional community to develop great characteristics of schools.
In the aspect of professional growth, this study observes that (1) the teacher professional growth can be highly improved if schools can organize “teacher professional growth plan”; (2) course design and teaching ability include design interesting courses by teachers’ professional expertise and skills and innovate courses by brainstorming and teamwork; (3) class management and counseling include developing students’ learning routine, culture, and environment. Through interactive between teacher and students, teachers should understand each student’s characteristics, interests, and expertise and try to help students do their best. Teachers should also properly guide students when they need help.
The knowledge management is an important method to enhance teacher professional growth. If teachers can apply the knowledge management method, manage their knowledge systematically, increase their professional knowledge, and accumulate teaching experience, their professional growth can be highly enhanced. The teacher professional growth contributes to continuous implementation of knowledge management. Teachers with highly professional growth usually can acquire and apply knowledge more efficiently. Therefore, knowledge management and teacher professional growth are the dynamically interactive circular cycle.
Final suggestions of this study: (1) set work team to assist al schools to implement knowledge management and teacher professional growth; (2) provide teachers multiple various learning opportunities to satisfy the require of teacher professional growth; (3) via encouragement or competitions, create the friendly-sharing environment; (4) expand the school library function as a “knowledge management database” and as a “teacher professional growth resource center”; (5) high school teachers should improve the ability to personal knowledge management and teacher professional growth, and teachers should apply the ability to knowledge management to enhance the level of teacher professional growth.
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建構媒體知識管理架構之研究―以平面媒體為例李雪雯, Lee,Sheue-wen Unknown Date (has links)
企管大師Michael Porter一再強調「差異化」是企業之所以能勝出的主要關鍵,Peter Drucker更宣稱:「知識」將是未來企業唯一,且能夠生產社會與經濟利益的最重要資財。
知識管理可以將知識儲存在組織之內,降低企業的成本,並增加獲利,進而提高企業的競爭力優勢。媒體也是企業的一種經營形態,因此,如何透過知識管理將平面媒體內、外的智慧資本彙整並儲存在組織中,以利組織成員分享與運用,繼而產生獨特的差異性與競爭優勢,已經是媒體越來越關心的重要課題。
但是,知識管理的架構會隨著產業特性與企業需求而有差異。因此,想要幫助平面媒體利用知識管理,來面對未來更激烈的競爭環境,就必須有不同於產業或知識特質的架構與建議。
民國77年的報禁解除,使得國內平面媒體面臨高度競爭的壓力;而科技的日新月益、閱聽人的閱讀習慣與需求的改變,也迫使媒體朝向提供更多元及多樣化的新聞內容服務。
因此,本研究希望透過綜合的分析與探討,找出平面媒體所面臨的問題與困境,試著利用資訊科技的幫助,提出適合平面媒體參考的知識管理整合性系統架構、步驟、作法與建議,以便提升其企業競爭力。
綜合有關知識管理的理論架構,再配合平面媒體產業的特性,本研究試著為傳統平面媒體,規劃出兩種未來可能獲利的經營模式―「新聞來源供應商」與「綜合新聞供應商」,同時為其擬出可行的知識管理架構,以及分4個階段―「認知覺醒與發展策略」、「經營模式與知識確認」、「設計、規劃與導入」,以及「評估與調整」階段,與3大層面―「策略」、「知識」與「科技」的建議。 / Michael Porter, Professor at Harvard Business School and one of the top 50 business intellectuals of our time, claims that “differentiation” is the key to stand out in a highly competitive environment. Peter Drucker, professor of management and the founder of California-based Leader to Leader Foundation, suggests that “knowledge” is the only asset the future businesses could depend on in generating social and economic benefits.
Knowledge management is the one way to preserve the knowledge generated in the process of management for an enterprise. It decreases management cost and generates revenue at the same time. Therefore, knowledge management is also a way to enhance competitive edge. Mass media, like other management entities, could also apply principles of knowledge management to enhance their competitive edge. How to integrate the intellectual capital through mechanisms of knowledge management, how to share the knowledge stored in the mechanism in more efficient ways, and, how could the media differentiate themselves from their competitators to enhance competitive edge, have become critical issue not only for management, but also for survival.
However, the mechanism or infrastructure of knowledge management is varied for different industries due to the nature of different management requirements. What can be applied in a software company may not be suitable at all for mass media.
Two significant changes accelerate and reinforce the innovation of the Press: the law that limits the numbers of content providers and the law that limits the amount of contents were both banned. In the mean time, the overall reading habit change enabled by the innovation of digital technology also facilitates the renovation of Press. News providers are now facing challenges in providing diversified contents for readers of different habits and tastes.
This research aims at proposing appropriate knowledge management infrastructures by synthesizing the dilemma as well as opportunities media confront in a digital era. Classical literature regarding knowledge management infrastructure and media studies, especially the properties of the Press, help me frame and identify two profitable knowledge management infrastructures: News Supplier and News Content Provider. More than providing the possible infrastructures, I also concluded four phases to implement the infrastructure and three perspectives as lenses to examine the infrastructures. The four phrases are (1) awareness and strategic development; (2) management model and knowledge assurance; (3) design, plan and implementation and (4) evaluation and adjustment. The three perspectives are (1) strategy, (2) knowledge and (3) technology.
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業務部門的知識管理活動與其知識管理促動因子之研究 / A Study of Knowledge Management Activities and Enablers of Sales Department林國勝, Lin, Kuo Sheng Unknown Date (has links)
長久以來,台灣產業多半只在意開發新產品或降低成本,但IBM的調查發現,由於全球化風潮,使得商業競爭加劇,「業務模式創新」已成為企業的最新戰場。過去製造業經營思考重在如何用最快、最低的成本,生產出最大量的產品,少有創意想法;現在,則要以「銷售業務與顧客服務」為導向,強調附加價值變為經營者的主要思考方向,如:IBM、台積電和統一皆強調自己為服務導向的公司。
隨著「消費者意識抬頭」,於是了解消費者需求、爭取客戶認同與維護客戶的良好關係成為企業發展的重點。必須認知充分的瞭解客戶需求,才能和客戶間建立互動關係,進行有效的行銷動作,創造訂單及利潤,並針對潛在客戶與顧客往來如買賣、銷售和行銷活動等需要而提供相關管理。然而,產業界急於建立客戶關懷機制,卻苦於人力不足、流動率高、訓練成本昂貴、專業知識不足等問題。若能落實知識管理,可望蓄積組織知識,提供業務人員良好知識,以增加競爭力。因此,要如何透過有效的方式提昇組織的價值,「知識管理」(Knowledge Management;KM)便成為近來最受組織重視的關鍵性議題。因為知識管理不但可以提昇組織的效率與創造性,重要的是能夠維持組織的競爭優勢。
然而以往有關知識管理的相關研究,大部分是探討知識管理活動部分,很少觸及促動因子部分,但是知識管理活動進行中,常受促動因子的影響,如美國生產力與品質中心(American Productivity & Quality Center,2000),簡稱APQC,便指出組織在推動知識管理時需注意兩項重要的關鍵,一為知識管理的流程,另一為知識管理的促動要素,即是「策略與領導」、「組織文化」、「資訊科技」與「績效考評」。因此,除了一般所知的知識管理流程,還必須要有相關促動因子的配套措施,才能順利進行知識管理活動。
因此,本研究結合「知識管理活動」與「知識管理促動因子」建構出研究架構,以多重個案法,探討銷售表現較為良好企業之業務部門,其知識管理活動之作為,以及知識管理促動因子對知識管理活動之影響,以提供有意進行知識管理之企業業務部門參考。
在業務部門知識管理活動的運作情形方面得出以下結論:
(一) 外部知識是業務部門知識吸收的重要來源。
(二) 內隱性知識必須仰賴人員式的知識蓄積方式。
(三) 討論與模擬演練有助於業務部門知識擴散,專案團隊與跨部門合作有助於跨部門知識擴散。
在知識管理促動因子對業務部門的知識管理活動之影響方面得出以下結論:
(一) 公司策略與領導者行動皆有助於知識管理活動的進行。
(二) 組織文化有助於知識管理活動的進行,尤其是合作與分享文化。
(三) 資訊科技是知識管理的有利工具,但非必然成功因子,需其他促動因子配合。
(四) 實質激勵措施並非進行知識管理必備因子,可以其他方式替代,但教育訓練則不可或缺。
關鍵字:知識管理、知識管理促動因子、知識吸收、知識蓄積、知識擴散、知識儲存、知識分享、業務、銷售、行銷
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我國科技公司採用產品生命週期管理(PLM)系統下的研發知識管理活動之探討 / Knowledge management in R&D division under the implementation of PLM system: The case of Taiwanese high-tech companies廖柏侖 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著產業與經濟的全球化的浪潮下,「研發」與「創新」成為我國科技產業對抗全球的競爭壓力與推動組織營運的重要後盾,在新產品不斷推陳出新的帶動下,愈來愈短的產品生命週期,以及愈來愈多變的顧客需求,「速度」成為企業取得競爭優勢的關鍵因素,因此,我國企業紛紛透過導入產品生命週期管理(PLM)系統以縮短產品開發時程,使企業掌握新產品上市的先機。此外,透過PLM系統快速連結與蒐集研發知識,有助於企業實踐知識管理,加速組織與科技的融合與智慧財產的傳承,二十一世紀是知識經濟時代,企業能活用個人與組織內、外部的知識,則可創造價值並提昇企業競爭力。PLM系統使組織內研發之知識可有效的管理,並運用逐漸累積的資源形成的珍貴之研發知識,有效整合與串連成組織重要的知識資產;然而,知識管理之推展除資訊系統外,亦需要組織活動的配合。
本研究同時從組織與資訊科技(PLM)兩構面來探討研發單位的知識管理活動,旨在剖析台灣科技公司採用PLM系統下的知識管理活動,並瞭解影響研發知識管理的關鍵因素。本研究採個案研究法,首先經由文獻回顧導出實證研究的觀念性架構,再以此理論觀念模式為主軸進行個案訪談,實地深入訪談四家科技公司,瞭解其研發知識管理活動及運作模式。
本研究所得到的初步研究發現包括:(1)在研發知識管理推行實務上,企業需同時重視組織與資訊科技兩構面的作為,並將兩者平衡使知識管理達到真正的效益;(2)企業的知識分享文化與高階領導者態度等內部因素,對於研發人員的知識管理活動具關鍵影響力;(3)績效評估制度知識管理目標的配合,有助於知識管理效益的提昇;(4)企業研發創新的程度影響其知識創造的來源;(5)企業透過供應鏈的多元合作關係,形成知識創造的網路關係;因此,品牌廠商與代工廠商兩者的知識管理活動具有相依性;(6)企業透過PLM系統的採用將知識管理結合於作業流程之中,並使研發過程中個人之知識轉化為組織之知識;(7)企業的知識管理策略影響其知識擴散之作為。本研究最後並對企業經理人與後續研究者分別提出實務上與研究上之建議。 / Taiwanese high-tech industry has been emphasized the value of R&D innovation since 2000 in order to survive under the strong competition in globalization environment. The capability of innovation and efficiency of product development have been on the highly priority of companies. Hence, Taiwanese companies implement the product lifecycle management (PLM) system to improve product development schedule. Knowledge is an important intangible asset for companies in the 21th century. Because of PLM system, companies could manage R&D knowledge through collecting and linking R&D project or event. However, the promotion of knowledge management could not exist without the information systems and organization activities.
This article considers the knowledge management activities from organizational and technical aspects. The purpose of the research is to examine the knowledge management of R&D division under the implementation of PLM system, and find out the key factors which influent R&D knowledge management. The research adopts four Taiwanese high-tech companies as Case Studies and has interviews with managers to understand knowledge management in R&D division under the implementation of PLM system. By knowing inside information of knowledge management in the R&D division of companies would make my research more practical and well-organized to give examples and facts to the future implementation of PLM system for Taiwan industries.
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知識密集服務業之知識管理與服務創新之關聯性研究 / The relationships among knowledge management and service innovation in knowledge-intensive business service firms洪鳳儀, Hung, Feng Yi Unknown Date (has links)
全球的經濟發展階段已進入知識經濟與服務經濟時代,在知識經濟與服務經濟的交錯發展下,服務業當中依賴專業知識或是特定技術或特定功能領域,並具有高附加價值之知識密集服務業,成為下一波的經濟成長動力。有鑑於知識是知識密集服務業創新的基本要素,知識密集服務業如何透過有效的知識管理提升組織知識的價值,進而不斷的產生創新性的產品或服務,以形成企業的競爭優勢,為企業在經營管理上的重要課題。
本研究將知識密集服務業之知識管理與服務創新模式相結合,探討當企業將知識管理作為策略性工具來實現服務創新的目標時,兩者之關聯性。同時,本研究並深入分析知識密集服務業之知識管理促動因子、知識管理活動以及服務創新的重要影響因素。本研究之研究對象是以一家在國內已推行知識管理多年,且服務創新相當成功的法律事務所作為代表性個案進行研究,並經由學理驗證得出以下研究結論:
在知識管理促動因子與知識管理之關聯性得出以下結論:
1.領導者的態度與明確的知識管理策略是知識管理成功的關鍵因素。
2.企業的團隊合作文化與信任文化越盛行,知識創造與擴散活動越容易進行。
3.資訊科技的選擇性導入,有助於提升組織知識吸收、蓄積與擴散的速度。
4.企業是否提供員工長期性的獎勵措施,會影響員工對知識吸收、創造與擴散活動的參與意願及貢獻程度。
在知識密集服務業之知識管理活動方面得出以下結論:
1.在知識密集服務業的公司,輸入及吸收外部知識是組織能持續進行知識創造的重要方式。
2.基於知識密集服務業之高專業性、高知識密集性的特性,人員的知識與技能是公司知識蓄積的主要載體。
3.知識密集服務業的公司採取以師徒制度為主,教育訓練為輔的人員訓練方式,對知識擴散活動有正面的影響。
在知識密集服務業之服務創新方面得出以下結論:
1.知識密集服務業的公司會根據市場變化與客戶需求來創新服務概念,以提升核心競爭力。
2.知識密集服務業之新客戶介面的重要創新因素,在於能依據實際及潛在客戶的需求特性,建立具有附加價值的服務平台,以提升顧客滿意度。
3.在知識密集服務業的公司,完善的人員教育訓練與人才培育是新服務傳遞系統的重要創新因素。
4.成功創新的知識密集服務業者,於新服務概念、新客戶介面、新服務傳遞系統三構面間的相互配合程度相當良好。
在知識密集服務業之知識管理與服務創新的關聯性得出以下結論:
1.知識密集服務業之知識吸收與創造活動,有助於加速新服務概念的形成。
2.知識密集服務業與客戶間的知識吸收與創造活動,有助於建構符合客戶需求之新客戶介面,並降低創新過程中不確定的風險。
3.知識密集服務業之知識蓄積與擴散活動,對新服務傳遞系統的進行有顯著的正面影響。
4.知識密集服務業將知識管理作為創新服務的策略性工具時,有助於加速實現服務創新的目標。 / In the 21st century, the world economy has two highly important developments: the rise of the service sectors and the growing role of knowledge. Especially, the service sectors have increased dramatically in recent years and they occupy a large share of the economy of advanced industrial societies. Among the service sectors, knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) is strong momentum of the economic growth. As “knowledge” is a basic element of KIBS’s innovation, how to implement knowledge management effectively to enhance the value of organizational knowledge and make KIBS continually produce innovative products or services as well as create a competitive advantage is an important issue on business management for enterprises.
This research aims to combine knowledge management with service innovation and to analyze when KIBS firms adopt knowledge management as a strategy to achieve the objective of service innovation, the relationships between knowledge management and service innovation. This research also describes the issues of knowledge management enablers, knowledge management activities and service innovation implemented in KIBS firms. Additionally, this research, through a case study conducted on a successful law firm in Taiwan, further explored the relationships between knowledge management and service innovation. The conclusion of this research may include in four aspects:
1.The findings of the research regarding relationships between knowledge management enablers and knowledge management in KIBS are as follows:
(1)Leadership and clear knowledge management strategy are critical success factors in knowledge management.
(2)The more teamwork culture and trust culture existed in KIBS firms, the easier knowledge creation and diffusion activities implemented.
(3)Application of appropriate information technology in KIBS firms can enhance the speed of organizational knowledge absorption, accumulation and diffusion.
(4)Whether enterprises can offer long-tem incentives to employees will affect employees’ participation willingness and contribution degree for knowledge absorption, creation and diffusion activities thereof.
2.The findings of the research regarding knowledge management activities in KIBS are as follows:
(1)In KIBS firms, input and absorb knowledge from external sources is an important manner of continually facilitating knowledge creation.
(2)Based on KIBS’s characteristics of high professional and high knowledge-intensive, personnel’s knowledge and skills are main carriers of knowledge accumulation in KIBS firms.
(3)In KIBS firms, adoption of “mentoring-based, education and training-supplemented” as staff training methods will make positive impact on knowledge diffusion activities.
3.The findings of the research regarding service innovation in KIBS are as follows:
(1)To enhance the core competitiveness, KIBS firms will create “new service concept” in accordance with market changes and customers’ needs.
(2)In KIBS firms, a critical innovation factor of “new client interface” is whether they can build a value-added service platform in accordance with actual and potential customers’ needs so as to enhance customer satisfaction.
(3)Successful education and training on employees is a critical innovation factor of “new services delivery system” in KIBS firms.
(4)In successful KIBS firms, organizational interaction and coordination between “new service concept”, “new customer interface” and “new service delivery system” would be excellent.
4.The findings of the research regarding relationships between knowledge management and service innovation in KIBS are as follows:
(1)In KIBS firms, through knowledge absorption and creation activities, it can speed up the formation of “new service concept”.
(2)Through Knowledge absorption and creation activities between KIBS firms and their clients, it can assist KIBS firms in building “new client interface” and reducing potential risk in the innovation process.
(3)In KIBS firms, knowledge accumulation and diffusion activities may make a significant positive impact on “new service delivery system”.
(4)When KIBS firms adopt knowledge management as a strategy to innovate services, it can speed up to achieve the objective of service innovation.
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知識管理對於服務創新影響之研究 / The impacts of knowledge management on service innovation劉憶蓁 Unknown Date (has links)
根據2011年統計資料,我國服務業生產毛額占整體國內生產毛額(GDP)比重從1981年的49.99%增長至2011年的65.50%(統計資訊網,2012),由此可見服務業已成為台灣未來經濟成長的主要關鍵。隨著各種服務的興起,吾人不能再以製造業的思維來看服務業的經營管理,業者必須強化自己的知識並不斷地進行創新,才能擁有競爭優勢。
創新的基礎在於知識,然而以往有關知識管理和服務創新的論文,大多只單獨研究知識管理或者服務創新的部分,即使有探討兩者的關聯性者又多為量化研究,內容上並無具體作為的論述。基於上述的研究缺口,本研究採取質性多重個案研究法,選擇四家在服務創新方面具有優越成效的服務業者進行深入的研究,探討其知識管理活動和服務創新作為,以及其知識管理活動對服務創新的影響。
本研究所得到的結論如下:
1.服務業者在服務創新相關之知識創造與擴散上會採用電子匯集平台、正式會議、口頭、師徒制、個案分享等多元方式。
2.服務業者進行服務創新時,會以人員、文件和物件等三種方式儲存知識,且會考量知識的品質、完整性和即時性,決定是否成立專職機構來蓄積和整合知識。
3.服務業者在服務創新相關之知識加值上會將累積的知識應用到其他服務上。在知識保護上則會使用權限和密碼的方式,並考量知識的機密性程度來決定是否使用統一監控的方式來管理。
4.服務業者擁有許多創新的來源,其內部會設置創新提案系統,使員工提出創新的想法。此外,也會根據其服務創新的合作網絡需求,決定與外部商業夥伴合作的頻率。
5.服務業者的組織文化會影響其服務創新的作為,且業者會透過會員工訓練和組織結構改變的方式來回應服務創新的內涵。
6.服務業者的知識建構與取得管道具多元性,且這方面對新服務概念的產生有所影響。同時,持續的知識創造與擴散和有效的知識蓄積與整合,都有助於新服務概念的產生以及高服務品質人員的培育。
7.服務業者因知識的高變動性,使得其知識保護程度的高低並不會影響其服務創新產生的頻率。
本論文最後提出本研究的學術貢獻、實務建議與後續研究之建議,使本研究更為完整。 / According to the National Statistics of Taiwan in 2011, Taiwan’s production in service industry was 49.99% in 1981 and rose to 65.50% in 2011, which shows that the service industry plays a decisive role in Taiwan economic growth. Service industry should have its own knowledge management and innovation in order to create its own competitiveness.
Most of the former studies of knowledge management and service innovation focus on single case or High-Tech industry. The past studies of the relationship between two of them are almost quantitative research. Due to the research gap, this research adopts the qualitative method and selects four service companies which are famous for their service innovations. This research explores the knowledge management activities and service innovation in these four companies, and aims to find the relationship between them.The conclusions of this research are listed bellow:
1.The general methods of knowledge creation and diffusion are electronic platform, formal meetings, oral, mentoring, and case sharing.
2.Service companies store knowledge in three way:personnel, documents and objects.
3.The same knowledge of operation can be used in different services. The common way of knowledge protection is password.
4.Customers are important source of innovation. The service companies set up the innovative proposal systems to allow employees to bring up innovative ideas.
5.The companies’ culture has a high degree of support for service innovation. The training of staff and the structure of organization are changed due to the service innovation.
6.The construction and acquisition of knowledge have impacts on new service concepts.
7.The creation, diffusion, accumulation, and integration of knowledge contribute to the generation of new service concepts and new delivery system:Personnel.
8.The extent of protection on knowledge doesn’t affect the generation of new service concepts.
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高級中學知識管理、教師專業成長需求、與組織承諾關係之研究張新堂, Chang,Hsin-Tang Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討高級中學的知識管理、教師專業成長需求、與組織承諾之關係,以了解目前國內高級中學推動知識管理的情形,以及確認教師專業成長需求和組織承諾之高低情形,以作為高級中學行政實務運作的參考,以達成學校革新與發展的目的。
本研究採用調查研究法,並根據研究目的,研究問題及文獻探討結果,編製「高級中學知識管理、教師專業成長需求與組織承諾現況調查問卷」進行預試,並依據因素分析結果編製正式問卷進行調查研究。本研究以臺灣公立普通高中、附設國中班之完全高中以及開設職業課程之綜合高中的教師為母群體,依北、中、南、東四區以分層隨隨機抽樣方法進行抽取樣本,總計抽取1340位高中教師,回收有效樣本計989份,回收率為73.81%。問卷調查結果採用描述性統計、皮爾遜積差相關、t檢定、單因子變異數、多元迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析。
本研究之主要發現如下:
一、高級中學教師之知識管理、專業成長需求與組織承諾的現況,整體而言屬於中上程度。其中在教師專業成長的需求上最高,其次是組織承諾的表現、以知識管理的知覺最低。
二、不同背景變項的教師所知覺之學校知識管理具顯著差異。
三、不同背景變項的教師的專業成長需求沒有顯著差異。
四、不同背景變項之教師其組織承諾具顯著差異。
五、高級中學知識管理、教師專業成長需求、教師組織承諾三者之間具有顯著相關。
六、高級中學知識管理、教師專業成長需求,對於教師組織承諾具有顯著預測力。
依據以上之研究發現,本研究對教育行政主管機關、高級中學與未來研究分別提出以下建議:
一、對教育行政主管機關之建議
(一)建立完善之教育資料及教學媒體系統,以協助推動知識管理工作
(二)消弭不同類型與轄屬的學校間之差異,以提昇教師之組織承諾
(三)提供教師多元的進修研習機會,提高知識之應用創新及滿足專業成長需求
二、對高級中學之建議
(一)建立學校推動知識管理的成效評量指標、獎勵及支援機制度
(二)營造學校信任與合作的組織氣氛、良好的知識分享與創新文化
(三)增加教師擔任學校行政職務機會、研擬行政工作之計劃與執行
(四)協助支持教師參與進修研習、具備第二學科專長與選用教科書的知能
(五)規劃學校知識管理系統時,應兼顧學習程序與組織機制兩大主軸
(六)強化學校在文化建構、領導支持與資訊科技的機制,以提高教師組織承諾
(七)建構有利於激發教師組織承諾的學校知識管理系統與教師專業成長知能
三、對未來研究之建議
(一)研究對象方面,建議擴大研究群體。
(二)研究方法方面,建議兼採質性研究。
(三)研究工具方面,建議再進一步加以改良。
(四)研究變項方面,建議納入其他變項進行分析。
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