現代科技產業發達，「消費性耐久財」，也就是所謂的科技產品日新月異，新產品推出後開始其創新擴散與為大眾所接受的過程。在科技產品相同品項中，常存在著代表標準的主流技術或產品，而該主流品牌易成為上下游廠商競相合作的對象，這樣的地位也保證著高度的消費者採用意願。個人自我創新特質可決定是否採用新技術產品，不可忽略的是來自週遭人群採用的網路外部性影響，越多人採用能降低使用上的風險與不確定性，並提高生活與工作上的效率；互補性產品推出亦會因多人採用而越發完善，如此便能更確立其產品或技術在市場中的主流地位。 本研究以2010年初上市的蘋果電腦iPad為主要被接受科技，至今已帶動許多科技大廠投入平板電腦市場，其中不乏電腦與智慧型手機業者，甚或是電信業者亦欲加入此新世代多點觸控風氣盛行的平板電腦產業，蘋果電腦iPad的銷售量居高不下，顯示其儼然已位居主流產品地位。為了能探究其活化已瀕臨死亡的平板電腦市場之因，本研究認為應以創新擴散理論、科技接受模型與網路外部性的組合做為研究探討基礎理論，並採用品牌形象、涉入程度與資訊構面來輔佐加強，以達到與過去國內科技產品創新接受模型的差異化的目的，提供不同方向的切入點。本研究盼能在以問卷量化設計的構面採用中，將蘋果iPad此等消費性耐久財的廠商面與消費面間策略取得平衡探討，提供給平板電腦廠商思考行銷與聯盟策略上的參考依據，而本研究結果發現如下： (一) 個人內在創新特質與兩種外部因素代表的網路外部性，會正面影響採用者對於蘋果iPad的正面創新知覺特質，形成正面的採用態度；在採用者部份負面創新知覺特質上，也有負面效果存在。 (二) 尚未購買者的採用意願較不受負面創新知覺特質影響，正面知覺特質有助於增加已購買者的未來繼續採用意願。 (三) 有形與無形品牌形象中，唯有無形者對於繼續採用意願的增強無效。 (四) 加入對於蘋果iPad產品涉入程度考量後的廠商與消費資訊，並不完全提升對繼續採用意願的影響效果，且對於採用意願無顯著影響。 故整體而言，平板電腦廠商，應能由廠商與消費面切入思考產品研發與行銷策略，由目標市場的需求做基礎考量新產品功能，並善用品牌、銷售與廠商策略聯盟資訊，增強採用者的好印象，才能真正擴散其創新科技以達永續經營。 關鍵字：創新擴散、科技接受、網路外部性、涉入程度、品牌形象 / Global technical industry booms, especially the “consuming durable,” or the so-called “technical products” evolves fast. After new products are launched, the innovation diffusing and generally accepted procedure starts. Among the same technical items, there is always a mainstream technology or product which could play the role as a referred standard. And the mainstream brand would easily become the one that up and downstream manufacturers long to cooperate with. The position will also present the highly consumer accepting intention. Self-innovation could be an important dominant factor deciding whether to accept product with new technology. However the external network effect from the acceptance of people around is indispensible as well. As a rule of thumb, more acceptances could reduce the risk and uncertainty when using the targeted product or technology. Meanwhile, this will also increase the efficiency in daily life or at work. Complementary goods would develop more completely because of mass acceptance and this way it will help ensure the mainstream role of product or technology in the market. The research would take Apple iPad which was launched in the early of 2010 as the main accepted technology. It has encouraged many famous technical firms to join the new generation tablet PC market, including not only the originally computer and cell phone but also telecommunication firms. The highest sales among the tablet PC market showed iPad’s role as the mainstream product and technology. This research would take innovation diffusion theory, technology acceptance model and network externality as the basic theoretical combination to discuss the phenomenon that iPad helped excite tablet PC market. Besides, we add brand image, involvement, and information factors to our research framework so as to distinguish from and hope could provide more perspectives to the past theories discussing consuming durables’ innovation diffusion. And we expect to design ideal questionnaires including all the factors discussed, strike a discussing balance between firm and consumer strategies, and providing the consequence for Tablet PC firms’ considering marketing and cooperation strategies as supporting references. The following points are main conclusions of this research: 1. Internal self innovation and two kinds of network externality have positive effects on consumers’ positive innovative perceptions when accepting iPad; negative effects on negative innovation perceptions. 2. Potential buyers’ accepting intentions are less affected by negative innovative perceptions, but positive innovative perceptions would positively affect buyers’ continuing accepting intentions. 3. Only intangible brand image has no effect on buyers’ continuing accepting intentions. 4. After taking iPad product involvement into consideration, we found that the effects of information on accepting intentions will not be enhanced but will have partial effect on continuing accepting intentions. Considering everything, Tablet PC firms should do the product R&D and marketing plan on the basis of firm and consumer, launch the new function by taking consumer’s demand into consideration, and take full advantage of brand, sales and firm cooperation information to leave good impression on consumers. This way, they could really diffuse innovation and fulfill the goal of eternal operation. Keywords: Innovation Diffusion, Technology Acceptance, Network Externality, Brand Image, Involvement.

本研究之主旨在探討一般新創公司在創業前期及創業後期所面臨的經營管理問題與對策，給有心創業者作為參考，以降低失敗的風險，進而能一舉成功，避免傷及創業之鬥志與勇氣，減少財務的損失。 首先藉由文獻的整理，蒐集專家及學者之菁華，找出與創業有關的學理，再將學理套於個案公司之經營管理，深入暸解創業成敗之關鍵因素，從實務中發掘學理之依據，進而整理出成功的創業模式，得以印證學理之正確性，讓有志於創業者加強對文獻之信心與認同。 本研究之個案雖屬高科技公司，但經過學理之印證後，可發現其經營管理之方法也離不開文獻之範疇，主要是採用Timmons及 Shane之創業模式來加以剖析，雖然研究者將Timmons之模式運用於創業前期，而將Shane之模式運用於創業後期，或許有些牽強，但目的是為了方便敘述，好讓讀者容易理解。 針對本研究之主要問題可區分為下列兩期，將籌備到創業後三年歸納為創業前期，第四到十五年則歸納為創業後期，雖然期間有點太長，但經營者自認為規模還小，仍應秉著創業期之衝勁追求更完美： 一、 新創公司創業前期的管理作法為何? 二、 新創公司創業後期的管理作法為何? 從本研究中可獲得以下之主要結論: 一、 新創公司在創業前期會善用其核心能耐以尋找商機，同時以外部資源取用補足內部資源及能力之不足，並加強創業團隊成員之專長互補與共識，提高創業成功的機會。 二、 新創公司在創業後期之技術管理上會著重利基性及差異性之思維，在行銷管理上會以客戶需求為導向，在組織管理上則會特別重視風險管理並適時網羅人才以增強組織的陣容，並以創新來提高報酬。 / The newly start-up company will face the different management difficulties during the starting period. The study distinguished the start-up period into Earlier Period of the Start-up and the Later Period of the Start-up. The selecting company of the thesis is classified as the high-tech industry. We use the Timmons Model to analyze the Earlier Period of the Start-up, and use the Model of Scott A. Shane to analyze the Later Period of the Start-up. The main research questions of the thesis are : 1. What’s the right management method in the Earlier Period of the Start-up Company? 2. What’s the right management method in the Later Period of the Start-up Company? The conclusions of the research are： 1. In the Earlier Period, the company must (1) make a good use of its core competency to catch the good chance, (2) use the external resources to strengthen the lack of the internal resources or capability, (3) strengthen and increases the complementarity of the abilities of the start-up entrepreneurial team. 2. In the Later Period, the company must (1) focus on the niche market and attach importance to the differentiation on the Technology Management issue, (2) take the customer demand-oriented method as the principal on the Marketing Management issue, (3) pay attention to the risk management, recruit the talented person or team on the Organizational Management issue.

隨著資訊科技的發達，差勤管理已邁向E化。本研究為瞭解對差勤電子表單系統的接受行為，進一步探討影響使用者接受與使用的關鍵因素。在文獻回顧後，選擇以具有整合性質的科技接受與使用整合理論(UTAUT)為理論基礎，加上知覺易用性及知覺有用性模式若干構面，並配合消防局勤務特殊性及目前差勤電子表單系統(Webitr)使用情形建立研究架構。 本研究以臺北市政府消防局全體同仁為研究對象，經由問卷調查蒐集資料，於100年2月下旬發出635份問卷，於2週後收回，有效問卷總計482份。再以結構方程模式進行驗證性因素分析、路徑分析和調節變數分析檢驗模式適用性，並驗證研究假設與理論作對照。 經由資料分析得到結果如下： 一、預期績效對使用差勤電子表單系統的意圖有正向的直接影響，且受到性別和年齡的調節影響，至於勤務性質則無調節作用。又女性及年輕者受到調節作用比男性及年長者顯著。 二、預期付出對使用差勤電子表單系統的意圖有正向的直接影響，且受到年齡的調節影響，惟調節效果不明顯。至於性別和使用經驗則無調節作用。 三、有利條件對使用差勤電子表單系統的意圖有正向的直接影響，且受到勤務性質和使用經驗的調節影響，至於年齡則無調節作用。又外勤與使用經驗多者受到調節作用比內勤及無使用經驗者顯著。 四、工作相關對差勤電子表單系統的預期績效有負向的直接影響。 五、結果明顯性對差勤電子表單系統的預期績效有正向的直接影響。 六、自我效能對差勤電子表單系統的預期付出有正向的直接影響。 七、焦慮對差勤電子表單系統的預期付出有負向的直接影響。 因此本研究建議管理者在實質方面，推行初期加強教育訓練、增加駐點輔導員或是相關輔助，以減少同仁使用該系統發生錯誤機率，有助於減少同仁的疑慮不安和抗拒心理，並致力於提高使用者對系統的熟練度，尤其是對男性及年長者；在心理方面，加強差勤電子表單系統的行銷，使同仁對系統有正面接受度。對於系統設計建議，差勤電子表單系統的介面應簡單易操作，並融入娛樂性互動效果，產製的報表也應力求簡明易懂，使結果易呈現。而最重要也是最基礎的一點，引入系統前應先確認是否具有充分的電腦設備、便利的網路環境等資源，並盡量化解與原先作業環境的衝突因素，尤其是外勤單位。 / Along with the development of information technology, the management of staff’s attendance has electronized. The author tries to figure out what are the determinants of acceptance and use of the electronic form system of staff’s attendance. After reference review, the study proposes a model that bases on Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), and modifies the model by the constructs of Usefulness perception (U) and Ease of Use perception (EOU). Moreover, the model contains several variables according to the specifics of duty in Taipei City Fire Department and the implements of the electronic form system of staff’s attendance. The study is conducted among colleagues in Taipei City Fire Department using the electronic form system of staff’s attendance: Webitr. There are 635 questionnaires provided and reclaimed after 2 weeks on the end of Faburary. There are total 482 questionnaires valid. The result of confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis analysis and other analysis suggests that: (1) Performance expectancy has sifnificant positive influence on use intention, and the influence is moderated by gender and age but not the duty. Such the effect of moderation is stronger for the female and the younger than the male and the elder. (2) Effort expectancy has sifnificant positive influence on use intention, and the influence isn’t moderated by age, gender or experience. (3) Facilitating conditions has sifnificant positive influence on use intention, and the influence is moderated by duty and experience but not the age. Such the effect of moderation is stronger for the outside worker and those with increasing experience. (4) Job relevance has sifnificant negative influence on performance expectancy. (5) Result demonstrability has sifnificant positive influence on performance expectancy. (6) Self-efficacy has sifnificant positive influence on effort expectancy. (7) Anxiety has sifnificant negative influence on effort expectancy. According to the results of the study, the author suggests that the administrator should enhance the education and training and increase instructors or other assistance in the early stage to reduce anxiety and resistance of users; and make users be familied with the system, especially for men and the elder. Meanwhile, the administrator should boost the system to increase the positive attitudes of users. The author also suggests that the system designers should devotes to make ease to use. Moreover, inoder to increase the pleasure, the system designers can intergrate the effects of interaction. The first of all, make sure that there are sufficient facilities and compatible conditions before the induction of the system, especially for outside worker.

全球經濟環境變遷與區域性經濟聯盟的影響下，台灣由過去自產外銷產品的模式，轉而將生產線移往區位條件較佳的國家，以因應複雜多變的產業環境。我國出口貿易持續呈現以科技產業的相關產出佔出口主要部份;科技產業乃為高資本且變化快速的產業，對於企業財務穩健運作及健全管理機制受到高階管理者重視。為達到企業營運績效，培養優秀具遠見之財務人員為現代科技產業集團新生目標，卓越之財務長更是企業永續成長的關鍵因素。 依據本研究結果發現，現今財務人員所應具備專業技能除傳統財務與會計技能;在實務上，軟性技能與個人特質更影響個人與組織績效表現差異。廣泛市場與文化知識、策略規劃與組織能力、良善的溝通協調能力和團隊合作、談判技巧、對於緊急情況的應變能力均成為企業任用選派財務人員基準。而在養成、訓練機制上，國內企業人事管理單位提供財務訓練制度所能帶來成效抱持保守態度。原因大致來自於無法快速適時修正訓練項目服膺金融環境，以及擔心佔用工作時間及主觀性印象促成。相較於中小型企業，大型企業集團擁有完整的企業大學與訓練體制;但與國外相同產業企業比較，明顯對於高階財務人員無相關養成機制，企業高階主管更不涉及內部專業人員訓練課程，使得實際訓練成效停滯於某一管理層級。專任財務長只仰賴由其他企業挖角產生，而非由內部培養而成，遠不及國外企業系統化的財務人員養成結構。 綜觀我國科技產業財務人員訓練機制，雖尚不及外國企業相關規範;但可窺見其逐漸建立相關體制。專業財務人員技能論之，其策略參與、維繫投資人關係、募資籌資方式優劣分析等嶄新技術專業，和結合軟性技能、個人特質的多元多樣能力，使得科技產業財務人員脫離舊有財會人員範疇，以整合型財務專業人員目標邁進。我國科技產業對於財務人員訓練，應適當修正相關機制因應市場環境，建立完整一連串的財務人員養成機制，取得企業專有高階專業的財務人員，為企業在多變競爭環境中注入成功因素。 / Impact of the global economic and environmental trends and under the regional economic union's influence, Taiwan’s economic model from produced for sale abroad product in the past, has transferred and moved the production line toward the better position condition countries, in accordance to complicated and diversified industrial environment. Our country export trade continues to present delivers by tech industry related occupies the export main part; the tech industry is the more capital and fast changing industry, and it receives the higher order superintendent regarding the business finance steady operation and the perfect management mechanism. In order to achieve the enterprise business targets, training of outstanding, foresight for the financial professionals is the modern tech industry groups’ newborn goal, remarkable financial officer is the key aspect that the enterprise continues forever to grow. Discovered based on this study that nowadays the professional skills required for financial professionals, without the traditional finance and accountant the skill, in the practice, the soft skill and individual special characteristic will make the difference performance for individual and the organization achievements. The widespread market and the cultural knowledge, the strategy plan and the organizing faculty, good communication coordinated ability and the team cooperation, the negotiations skill, becomes the enterprise regarding emergency case's strain capacity to assign details the financial professional’s datum. But in the fosters, education and training mechanism, the domestic enterprise human resource management department provides the financial training system is hard to be able to bring the good result. The reason comes from approximately in is unable at the right moment to revise the training project fast to obey the financial environment, as well as worried that takes the operating time and the subjective impression facilitates. Compares to the small and medium-sized enterprise, the large enterprise group with has the complete enterprise university and the training system, however, compares with the overseas same industrial enterprise, not is obviously related regarding the higher order financial professionals fosters mechanism, the enterprise higher management staff does not involve the internal specialists training program, causes the practical training result to stagnate at a management level only. Specially appointed financial director, normally admires by take from other enterprises through offering them a higher pay package, but not from the internal raise, the far inferior to overseas enterprise systematization's financial professionals foster system. Finally, Taiwan’s tech industry financial professionals foster mechanism, although was not good as oversea enterprises related standard, but may sneak a peek at it to establish the related system gradually. For the specialized financial professional skills, its strategy participation, maintains the relationship with investors, to solicit the capital fund raising way fit and unfit quality analysis and so on brand-new technical specialty, and combined with soft skill, individual special characteristic's multi-dimensional diverse ability, causes the tech industry financial professionals to be separated from the old finance and accounting personnel category, makes great strides forward by the conformity finance specialists goal. Our country tech industry fosters regarding the financial professional, still should revise the related mechanism suitably in accordance to the market environment, establishes the complete a succession of financial professional foster mechanism to obtains the enterprise appropriation higher order specialized financial professionals, add the successful factor for the enterprise in the changeable environment of competition.

政府組織導入資訊科技後，帶來進步與改變的契機。過去研究從發展階段論探討此議題，多預設科技會依獨立自主的邏輯發展而對社會造成衝擊，因此主要的管理工作是協助社會大眾適應不可逆轉的科技發展。然而，這些學理上的臆測，在田野真實性是愈往發展後期愈下降，造成理論與實務的脫節。本研究從科技與社會研究（Science, Technology and Society, STS）學術脈絡下手，從實務觀察中，致力於挖掘科技和社會間雙向互動、相互形塑的關係；並主張以契合式纏繞(aligned-entanglement) 觀點，探討科技與政府組織相互形塑呈現出轉型的動態歷程。 本研究援引交引纏繞式（entanglement model）互動的模型，加上科技契合(technology alignment)觀點，應用於電子化政府整合型服務之研究，以解釋為何纏繞產生非預期結果，以致走向轉型。因為資訊科技特性需連結兩個以上組織才可讓資訊跨組織流通，所以科技與組織互動的轉型態樣有別於以往單一組織與科技互動的態樣。本研究在分析架構上的貢獻有三：1. 提出以科技契合的交引纏繞歷程觀點探討轉型，修正及補強以交引纏繞歷程觀點來分析轉型，2.開發出探討跨組織科技契合的分析構面，抽離出田野背後的運作邏輯， 3.重新詮釋公共服務的創新擴散，將以往僅探討科技創新與採用的關係，再行深入，把科技設計者從科技創新分離出，成為探討科技設計者、科技創新以及採用的關係， 由此進一步剖析當科技展演無效而發生轉型現象的論述。 本研究根據此看法，採質性多個案研究法來分析台灣電子化政府發展中兩個整合型公共服務，分別是「農產品產銷履歷系統」以及「G2G2B公文電子交換系統」，探討社會/科技集體從萌生到關係穩定化的歷程，或是位移如何發生，由此探知轉型過程。研究發現四種交引纏繞樣態皆有可能導致社會/科技集體的轉型，分別是「科技誤用，對服務真諦不了解」、「科技挪用，妥協下的次佳選擇」、「科技不適用，未立即傳遞的服務」以及「科技不用/科技調適，端視服務內容可被替代程度而定」四個纏繞軌跡的樣態。其共同特點是剛開始科技與跨組織各要素是契合的，雖偶有不契合也多以微調方式修正即可；但是逐漸在各執行面都有一些偏差，在科技展演無效後，科技設計者在權衡情境後所採取的解決方案，進一步呈現出可能的解釋因素，分別是對「科技精神」的了解程度、設計者對環境變化的認知、或科技特性在特定歷史環境不易充分發揮、或是對服務真諦的了解程度等。 本研究提出契合式纏繞觀點，相信這樣的研究成果會深化電子化政府轉型式發展的分析。本研究建議，在無效科技展演後，要預留迴旋空間(leeway)重新開啟科技的詮釋，允許不僅檢討「進度」達成與否，更要檢討「目標」是否合適，如此該社會/科技集體的纏繞式轉型才較不會走偏。 / The implementation of information technology by government entities brings opportunities for progress and change. The conventional wisdom of technology determinism considers the development of e-government as irreversible and the key objective is to assimilate the users to adopt the technology. However, these theoretical speculations tend to lose their explanation power during the later stages of e-government deployment. In other words, there is a mismatch between theory and practice. This study argues that the adoption of technology in governmental organizations is a result of interactions amongst factors such as strategic alignment, IT alignment, IT-structural and process alignment, business alignment, and service alignment. This study illustrates the dynamic entangled process in offering integrated services for e-government and describes the trajectories of this transformation. The aligned-entanglement perspective is then used to provide a better explanation than the punctuated-equilibrium and situated change perspectives. Three main contributions are made by this thesis. First, it proposes a new model to explore governmental organizational transformation. Second, it develops an analytical framework and makes explicit the operation logics of field practice. Thirdly, it re-interprets the diffusion of innovation in public services by incorporating technology designers, the technology itself, and the adopters as distinct actors in the transformation process. Qualitative case study method is used to analyze the implementation of two integrated public e-services in Taiwan: “Agriculture and Food Traceability System” and “G2G2B Electronic Document Exchange System”. The field studies show how the social/technical collective becomes stabilized overtime or how displacement occurs. This paper finds four patterns of displacement: misuse of technology through lack of understanding, the inappropriation of technology, the inapplicability of technology resulting in non-usage, and resistance or adaptation depending on suitability to the adopter’s tasks at hand. The common theme of these patterns is that, while minor misalignment can be fine-tuned in the beginning, these misalignments tend to accumulate through out the execution phases resulting in ineffective performance outcomes. Furthermore, the choices of technology designers to remedy these issues shed light on issues influencing the outcome; namely, misunderstanding of “technology spirit”, designers’ lack of sensitivity to environment change, the poor fit of technology features given its contemporary government context, and lack of understanding on the essence of services. This study proposes aligned-entanglement perspective and enriches the understanding of transformation in e-government development. This study suggests that, upon ineffective performances in technology, one should make leeway in the calibration of the deployment. By assessing the appropriateness of the initial goals in addition to reviewing progress milestones achievement, the social/technical collective is less likely to go down the wrong path in this (transformation) process.

WMD (weapons of mass destruction) proliferation and nuclear terrorism are the gravest dangers that the world faces. The international society established counter proliferation regimes and export control systems to prevent the proliferators from acquiring WMD and the related commodities that can be used in producing the weapons. However, there are limitations in export control systems. The trade security and facilitation should be both considered, while the proliferators attempt to establish procurement networks to circumvent export control systems and globalization has introduced challenges from the emergence of increasing number of global corpora¬tions and increasing volume of dual-use trade. By using the data mining tool of link analysis, the thesis attempts to develop a methodology to increase the coerciveness and accuracy of detecting problematic shipments from ordinary export activities in order to improve the export control management. From the research, it suggests that data mining is a feasible solution to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of export control. It can be used for discovering entities with not only explicit but also implicit proliferation concerns from a large quantity of datasets and increase the cost and difficulties of circumventing export control so that the proliferation activities are to be contained or hindered. Based on the findings, the thesis established an export control management model with data-mining solutions.

評估探究網路社運的研究結果紛雜，與其說結果歧出，不如重新檢視用以分析的路徑。我認為著眼於技術形式的分析路徑可能有所不足，因此，本研究切換視角，自科技與社會研究中汲取養分，從使用中科技（technology in-use）的角度切入，藉機勾勒數位科技在善於把玩者手中所形成的各色風貌，及其打造有別於傳統社運的抗爭戲碼。文中便整理多樣數位科技在社會運動中快或慢地跳脫原先功能與使用方式的情形，突顯全青盟成員是以長期的網路使用經驗為基礎，才能深具創意地將特定科技依運動階段轉換角色，或是有技巧地應運動階段帶進不同的科技，並在多元的科技間加以協調、組合，或是勝任翻譯者的角色，在運動的聲援者與網路使用者之間快速轉換，將嚴肅的運動資訊應數位平台的特色與文化裁剪為引人共鳴的文本。簡言之，用於加強社交的強勢腳本已在愛用且善用的使用者手中退位，數位科技重新以社會運動科技的姿態登場。事實上，這正反映網路世代對社會運動的想像與行動已難排除長期耽溺的網路經驗，於是，無論是社會對話、群眾串聯、組織形式均深受數位參與文化的潛移默化，開創有別於傳統的社運圖像。 / The findings of cyber activism research that focus on technical forms are diverse and confusing. Thus, I believe it is better to reexamine the way of analysis. The article uses the perspective of technology in-use which draws from Society, Technology, and Science (STS) approach to trace the dynamic of young activists using digital technologies in social movement, as well as the characteristics of contemporary internet-embedded social movements beyond traditional ones. The study shows that digital technologies have departed from original scripts in different degrees. Based on the long-term experiences of using internet, members of National Youth Alliance Against KuoKuang Petrochemical Project creatively changed roles of technologies and tactically composed multiple technologies according to the stages of movement. Moreover, they successfully reedited the campaigns which widely disseminated in digital environment based on their capacity for switching identities between activists and internet users. In short, digital technologies were originally used to strengthen human relations. The skilled users/activists of digital technologies have, however, utilized these technologies to promote social movements. In fact, as mentioned above, it also reveals that the imagination and actions of social movements by net generation cannot exclude their long-term experiences of internet use. Therefore, regardless of social dialogue, mobilization and organization structure which are critical elements of social movement, they all have been deeply influenced by digital participatory culture.

現今智慧型手機之網路通路價值與電腦相比仍較低，也使得現今使用智慧型手機網路交易的比例仍低於使用電腦網路交易的比例。本研究採用付出為結構模型及恆等性分析，研究結果顯示，智慧型手機因其有用性及易用性較電腦低，因此使用者以手機網路交易的傾向也偏低。本研究以科技接受模型發現70%至80%的使用者都是因受社會及同儕影響，而較不傾向使用手機進行網路交易。一般認為，手機的便利性相對也使手機網路交易平台的風險提高。然而，研究結果顯示，以電腦從事網路交易的風險與手機網路交易的風險相當，便利性也幾無差異。因此本研究以社會影響為探討方向，認為其為影響現代人以手機從事網路交易的重要關鍵。 / The net channel value of smartphone driven mobile-commerce measured against the alternative of computer based electronic-commerce is at this point in time still low. In an exploratory effort structural modeling and invariance analysis reveals mobile commerce is viewed with a less positive usability disposition in the light of usefulness and effortlessness. An adaptation of the Technology Acceptance model accounting for 70-80% of usage intention indicates social influences experienced from peers to engage the mobile platform is lower. Convenience and perceived risk are usually considered attributes relatively important for the m-commerce platform. However, the analysis reveals little difference of these attributes' salience compared with e-commerce, absolute scores for convenience are similar, and perceived risk seems to have marginal effects on usage in general. Social influences, experienced as lower for mobile commerce is a especially salient concept in determining usability disposition and ultimately intention to use mobile commerce, as is the salience of the usability disposition larger for mobile commerce than for electronic commerce.

高科技產業是目前台灣繼紡織工業、機械工業後引領台灣近三十年來產業發展的主流產業，其中又以ICT（Information & Communications Technology）產業是台灣高科技產業的代表。但高科技產業特徵是快速的變化，並不斷經過創新技術的發展，加劇其變化的速度，要有能力在高科技產業中持續發展，對市場趨勢、核心能力的掌握、新技術發展、人才養成、垂直整合能力、水平產業整合能力等皆需具備，才有機會在高科技產業中生存及發展。因此如何掌握企業本身的核心能力、檢視整體供應鏈價值，並提出適合之企業經營與競合策略，便是能否在高科技產業中持續發展的關鍵因素了。 觸控面板產業自2007年Apple正式推出iPhone後，觸控面板有了急速成長的開端。其中台灣在觸控面板的供應鏈中佔有超過50%的產值，是台灣在全球的又一個世界第一，值得期待，而本研究的主題”捲揚式真空濺鍍產業”正是觸控面板業中的關鍵材料製造技術。但在台灣創造另一個第一的同時，細部去分析此類產品供應鏈的成本結構，獲利最高的並非台灣廠商而是日本廠商，那麼如何提高台灣廠商在觸控面板產業的價值，答案就在如何洞悉產業及如合運用創新與競合的經營策略了。 / A high-tech industry is a mainstream industry. In Taiwan, the machinery industry is second only to the textile industry as the leading industry over three decades of industrial development. Within the machinery industry, the Information & Communications Technology (ICT) industry is representative of Taiwan's high-tech industry. However, the high-tech industry is characterised by rapid change, which results in the continuous development of innovative technologies. These changes enable companies to sustain technological development, grasp market trends, enhance core competencies, develop talent, gain vertical integration capability, and improve their chances of survival and growth in the high-technology industry. Therefore, the key to sustainable development of the high-tech industry lies in mastering the core competencies of the enterprise itself, considering the value of the overall supply chain, and adopting a suitable competition and cooperation strategy for the business. Since 2007, there has been significant growth in the touch panel industry with the official launch of the Apple iPhone. This study on the“winch vacuum sputtering industry”focuses on the Taiwan based touch panel supply chain, which is a world leader and accounts for 50% of national output value,to assess the key materials in manufacturing technology. However, establishing another successful industry in Taiwan requires additional data to analyse the cost structure of the supply chain of such products and requires assessing Japanese manufacturers in addition to the most profitable Taiwanese companies. Hence, insights from the business strategies of innovating/competing industries is likely to improve the value of Taiwanese touch panel manufacturers.

University of Macau / Faculty of Education