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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
711

適應性加權損失管制圖之研究 / The Study of Adaptive Weighted Loss Control Charts for Dependent Process Steps

林亮妤, Lin,Liang Yu Unknown Date (has links)
近年來有許多研究發現,適應性管制圖在偵測製程或產品幅度偏移時的速度比傳統的舒華特管制圖來的快,許多文獻也討論到利用適應性管制技術同時監控製程的平均數和變異數。隨著科技的發達,許多產品在製造上更加精密,現今普遍使用的固定參數管制圖並無法有效率的偵測出製程失控,導致巨大的成本損失。為了改善現有管制圖的偵測效率與有效控制製程失控下的損失,我們提出了三種適應性加權損失管制圖,包括變動抽樣間隔(VSI)、變動樣本數與抽樣間隔(VSI)、變動管制參數(VP)來偵測單一製程與兩相依製程的平均數和變異數。採用製程發生變動後到管制圖偵測出異常訊息所需的平均時間(AATS)與所需的總觀測數(ANOS)來衡量管制圖的偵測績效,並利用馬可夫鏈推導計算得之。從數值分析中發現,適應性加權損失管制圖在「偵測小偏移幅度時的偵測效率」與「成本的控制」明顯比傳統管制圖表現的更好,再加上每一個製程僅需採用單一管制圖,對使用者也較為簡便並且容易理解,因此適應性加權損失管制圖在實務上是值得被推薦使用的。 / Recent research has shown that control charts with adaptive features detect process shifts faster than traditional Shewhart charts. In this article, we propose three kinds of adaptive weighted loss (WL) control charts, variable sampling intervals (VSI) WL control charts , variable sample sizes and sampling intervals (VSSI) WL control charts and variable parameters (VP) WL control charts, to monitor the target and variance on a single process step and two dependent process steps simultaneously. These adaptive WL control charts may effectively distinguish which process step is out-of-control. We use the Markov chain approach to calculate the adjusted average time to signal (AATS) and average number of observations to signal (ANOS) in order to measure the performance of the proposed control charts. From the numerical examples and data analyses, we find the adaptive WL control charts have better detection abilities and performance than fixed parameters (FP) WL control charts and FP Z(X-bar)-Z(Sx^2) and Z(e-bar)-Z(Se^2) control charts. We also proposed the optimal adaptive WL control charts using an optimization technique to minimize AATS when users cannot specify the values of the variable parameters. In addition, we discuss the impact of misusing weighted loss of outgoing quality control chart. In conclusion, using a single chart to monitor a process is inherently easier than using two charts. The WL control charts are easy to understand for the users, and have better performance and detection abilities than the other charts, thus, we recommend the use of WL control charts in the real industrial process.
712

從專利法規與國際藥廠實務變革論台灣藥廠之未來競爭策略 / Competition Strategy of Pharmaceutical Industry in Taiwan based on Changes of Patent law and Practice of International Phamaceutical Companies

賴怡臻, Lai,yi chen Unknown Date (has links)
在全球一片經濟不景氣的環境下,IMS 仍預測2009年全球藥品市場將會成長4.5-5.5%達到8200億美金,這顯示醫藥產業是一個值得投入的領域,台灣政府亦透過政策大力扶植醫藥產業發展,但是醫藥產業知識密集度高,投資金額高,開發時程長,失敗風險也高,台灣醫藥企業要如何擬定經營管理策略,將是影響成敗的重要因素。本文的目的是提出適合台灣藥廠的經營管理策略。 目前國際醫藥產業概況為,受到藥品安全事件影響,FDA對新藥審查越趨嚴格,加上研發新藥的投資成本越來越高,在得到明星新藥的速度追不上失去暢銷藥速度的壓力下,國際藥廠開始削減成本,將部分研發工作分工委外,進行企業聯盟與購併,以充實專利技術與產品版圖;由於眾多專利暢銷藥喪失專利,與政府鼓勵使用低價藥,學名藥市場備受看好。台灣醫藥產業多屬中小型企業,資金與研發能量不足,因此發展學名藥是第一項建議的策略。舊藥新用可以降低研發失敗風險與成本,是第二項建議的策略。技術移轉與授權是第三項策略,由外引進技術可以解決研發能力不足的問題,對外授權技術可以解決資金不足以撐完研發全程的問題,順應國際藥廠分工委外的趨勢,在醫藥產業生態鏈中合適的點進場與出場,能避免資金不足,減輕研發失敗的負荷。 學名藥廠如果能夠提早學名藥上市的時間就能增加獲利,熟悉簡易新藥申請程序、專利延長與資料專屬權保護規定對於學名藥上市時程的規劃有很大的幫助。美國最高法院對Merck v. Integra 的判決擴張藥物研發實驗實施免責權,鼓勵使用他人具專利的化合物進行與藥物審查相關的臨床前期試驗,有利於開發既有藥品的新用途,台灣的專利法相關規定亦在研討修法,希望結果對台灣藥廠採取舊藥新用的策略有所幫助。依據公司專長,研發能力強的公司可以將臨床前期獲得的專利技術授權給國際藥廠,而擅長臨床試驗的公司可以由外授權引進專利候選藥物在台灣進行臨床試驗,之後再對外授權,政府亦頒訂生技新藥產業發展條例,幫助企業應用技術移轉與授權找到生存的利基點。熟悉並活用法律知識是發展醫藥產業必備的工具。 / Even though people are worried about global economy recession, IMS still optimistically predicts that global pharmaceutical market will have 4.5 – 5.5 Percent growth in 2009, exceeding $820 billion. It means that pharmaceutical industry is a field worth investigating. The Taiwan government also provides fully support for pharmaceutical industry development through laws and regulations. However pharmaceutical industry is characterized for requiring high technology, lots of money, long developing time, and high risk of failure. The strategies pharmaceutical companies token will influence their fate to success or failure. The goal of this thesis is to propose suitable management strategies for Taiwan pharmaceutical industry. After several drug safety related incidents in recent years, FDA becomes more conservative and blocks new drug approval. More over, it takes more money to investigate a new drug, and the speed of getting new drugs can not catch up the speed of losing patent of blockbuster drugs. Under such huge pressure, international pharmaceutical companies adopt strategies as outsourcing part of drug developing work to achieve cost down. They also conduct strategic alliances and mergers, which can enrich their patents and products portfolio. Generic drug has great market potential because of several blockbuster drugs losing patents and government favoring cheap drugs. Pharmaceutical companies in Taiwan are all small and medium size enterprises. Their research capacity and capital are insufficient. So the first recommended strategy is developing generic drugs. The second strategy is drug repurposing which can minimize the risk of failure. The third strategy is technology transfer and licensing. Complying with the trend of outsourcing, Taiwan companies can adopt technology transfer and licensing strategy and determine proper points to enter and out of the chain of drug development. Licensing-in can resolve the problem of insufficient research capacity. License-out can prevent shortage of money. If a generic drug company can advance the timing to launch generic drug, it can earn more money. Thus well study of Abbreviated New Drug Applications, patent term expansion and data exclusivity can help plan market schedule. The Supreme Court decision in Merck v. Integra expands the protection of Safe Harbor which exempted from infringement all uses of patented compounds "reasonably related" to the process of developing information for submission under any federal law regulating the manufacture, use, or distribution of drugs. Using patented compound in pre-clinical trials is exempted and it encourages drug developer to use patented compound owned by other companies to explore new usage. The patent ruling law experiment exemption in Taiwan needs further discussion and amended. Hope the result of amendment can help drug repurposing strategy in Taiwan. Research oriented company can license out patented result to big pharmaceutical companies, while companies good in clinical trial study can license in patented drug candidate and do clinical trial in Taiwan. Taiwan Government also set rules to encourage pharmaceutical companies to adopt technology transfer and licensing. Having well knowledge relating to drug approval and patent law is a must to run a successful pharmaceutical company.
713

以4C理論制定企業採購決策分析模型評估屬性 / Using 4C theory in establishing appraisal attributes for corporate purchasing decision analysis model

李慰祖, Lee, Wei Chu Unknown Date (has links)
企業的採購活動必須考慮產業及市場的因素,並以企業的策略目標作為指導原則,尋找最佳的供應商與產品或服務。多屬性決策分析技術是企業常用於選擇最佳方案的工具,尤其是SMART簡易多屬性評等技術是最早發展也最常被應用的量化分析工具。但是多屬性的決策分析工具皆是以傳統數學模型發展出來的量化分析工具,對於半結構或多元性的方案選擇,缺乏具有系統性且客觀的評估屬性建立方法,並且欠缺值化屬性的權重設定依據。 策略行銷分析4C理論的四項成本變數,可以作為SMART簡易多屬性評等技術的根本目標,並且可以各項成本變數的因子作為建立評估屬性的根據;4C理論同時也提供了影響各項成本的因素,可以作為權重設定的參考。 本研究嘗試結合策略行銷分析4C理論與SMART簡易多屬性評等技術,以建立4C-SMART企業採購決策分析模型。並且透過兩個簡單但實際的案例演練,以4C-SMART模型產生量化的數據結果,作為採購決策者的分析依據,來推導並且證實4C-SMART應用於企業採購實務的可能性。 / The factors of industry and market are usually taken into account in corporate purchasing activities. Purchasing tends to find the best suppliers as well as best products and services under the guidelines of corporate strategic objectives. Multiple Attribute Decision Analysis, MADA, is the most common tool to select the best solution among options. Simple Multi-Attribute Ranking Technique, SMART, is the earliest developed quantitative tool of MADA and has been widely adopted by corporate purchasing. However, MADA tools are constructed on the basis of traditional mathematic models. When coping with semi-structural and diversified options, the MADA tools lack of systematic and objective methods of constructing attributes and do not provide criteria for setting weights against qualitative attributes. The four cost variables in Strategic Marketing Analysis, also known as 4C theory, can be used for setting the fundamental objectives of SMART model. 4C theory also provides factors under the four cost variables as criteria for setting attributes. The factors which influence the variation of the four costs can be adopted as criteria for setting weights. This research tried to integrate 4C theory and SMART technique to create a 4C-SMART purchasing analysis model. Through the practices of two simple but practical cases, the model helped to generate quantitative results as evidences for purchasing decision maker’s analysis and deduced the possibility of applying the model in practical corporate purchasing.
714

藝術作品中真理作為啟示--在海德格和阿多諾之間 / Truth Of The Artwork As Illumination -- Heidegger and Adorno

吳承澤, Wu, Chen-Tse Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
715

台灣IT廠商研發資本與生產效率之關係

許敬基 Unknown Date (has links)
本文研究目的,在於探討台灣資訊科技(information technology)產業廠商的研發資本存量及產業內(intra-industry)研發資本存量的外溢效果(spillover effect)對於生產技術效率的影響。文中所採用的資料,主要來自於台灣經濟新報資料庫及廠商的財務報表,利用1997-2003年402家於台灣證券交易所上市及上櫃廠商的財務資料,並對Battese and Coelli(1995)所提出隨機邊界生產函數(stochastic frontier production function)與技術無效率效果(technical inefficiency effect)模型,同時進行實證估計。本文主要研究發現為,不論是以整體IT產業的廠商來看,或是分別就電腦硬體產業、半導體產業、通訊產業及光電產業的廠商來看,產業內R&D資本的外溢對於廠商的生產技術效率有正向的影響。但廠商自身的R&D資本存量對於其生產技術效率卻無顯著的影響,而軟體產業的廠商,卻現負面影響。另外,台灣IT產業廠商亦存在著技術進步的情形,但其技術效率則隨著時間而遞減。再則,本文研究也發現,台灣的IT產業中,半導體產業的廠商在生產技術效率方面表現最好,光電產業的廠商則最差。此外,上市廠商的技術效率較上櫃廠商佳。而有在科學園區設立工廠的廠商,除了半導體產業的廠商之外,其他四個產業的在科學工業園區設立工廠的廠商生產技術效率與未於科學園區設立工廠的廠商並無顯著差異。 / This paper aims to investigate the influence of and intra-industry spillovers of R&D spending on firm’s technical efficiency of production in Taiwan’s information technology (IT) industry. Firm-level panel data of 402 firms in IT industry from 1997~2003 provided by Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ) data bank and the stochastic frontier production function and technical inefficiency function proposed by Battese and Coelli (1995) are adopted in this study. The primary finding of this study is that the intra-industry spillovers of R&D spending on firm’s technical efficiency exist in Taiwan’s IT industry. This finding also exists in sub-industries of IT industry: computer hardware industry, semi-conductor industry, software industry, telecom industry, and photoelectric industry. However, influence of R&D capital on firm’s technical efficiency is insignificant in whole IT industry in Taiwan. Besides, in the period, there are technical advancements in firms of whole IT industry. Finally, the performance of the IT firms inside the Science Park is insignificant better than the firms outside in terms of technical efficiency, but excluding semi-conductor firms.
716

國家創新體系下制度與組織互動之研究:以工業技術研究院為例

張銘晃, Chang, Ming-Huang Unknown Date (has links)
從熊彼得(1934)提出創新學說以來,創新理論業已有了相當大的進展。當代學者認為創新是藉由互動中所產生。創新不僅不再是閉門造車,組織與外在環境的關係也引起學者的興趣。國家創新系統取向即是此一當代創新學說的代表。然在審視國家創新系統取向的文獻後,可知雖然國家創新系統取向的研究將組織與組織間的互動及組織及制度間的互動視為研究的焦點,但眾家學者間對於何謂制度並無共識。制度有時是組織,有時是遊戲規則,有時兩者皆是。這也造成了學者間對話與研究上的困擾。事實上,制度與組織兩者在創新的過程中扮演著不同的角色。制度有時提供了組織在創新過程中的誘因,有時則阻滯了創新的發生。組織則扮演實際從事創新的執行者角色。在文獻上,這一方面的討論尚不多見,更僅止於推論之層次。因此,本研究乃意欲透過實際個案的觀察以形成更進一步的認識。本研究的目的為瞭解在創新的過程中,制度環境、組織、組織結構與文化間如何互動。本研究為一探索性的個案研究,並以工業技術研究院為本研究之個案組織。 研究發現在制度環境上,政治系統的各項制度相較於其他類型的制度對公共研發機構的運作提供了更多利於創新的功能。包含了「將資源導向創新活動」、「提供正(負)面誘因」及「管理衝突與合作」等功能之提供,其中以「將資源導向創新活動」之功能最顯著。而在創新的阻礙上,政治系統主要是經由經費的刪減及各項管制制度,文化系統則是透過認知制度阻礙了創新的腳步。而公共研發機構對制度環境的回應上有兩種方式,一是直接與制度環境對話,主要為「管理衝突與合作」、積極爭取「創新的資源」及尋求化解各種「創新的阻礙」。而「管理衝突與合作」及積極爭取「創新的資源」所形成各項制度可視為降低或消除各種「創新的阻礙」的作為;一是經由組織結構的設計及組織文化的形塑以滿足制度環境的要求。在制度的設計上,經由認知制度、管制制度、制定制度及聯合制度提供「提供資訊與降低不確定性」、「管理衝突與合作」、「提供正(負)面誘因」及「將資源導向創新活動」等功能,以促成組織創新的產出。雖然組織試圖經由組織結構的設計及組織文化的形塑以促成創新的產出或增加創新的產出,但執行創新活動的關鍵仍在於「人」。在本研究中,根據分析,工研院的員工較缺乏互動,且對於各項制度的認知往往會有不同的解讀。因此本研究認為個人層次中的文化系統的認知及行為制度是決定組織所形成的各項制度能否發揮作用的關鍵。
717

論歐盟競爭法對技術授權協議集體除外制度之改革

陳信宏 Unknown Date (has links)
2004年4月,歐盟執委會頒佈了新的「技術授權協議集體除外規則」及其「指導原則」,以取代1996年開始實施的舊規則。這個規則係在規範技術授權行為於歐體條約第81條下之合法性。其改革所代表的意義,主要則體現於兩個層面。其一,本次改革顯示了歐盟官方對於智慧財產權與競爭政策之關係的態度。其二,則是涉及到歐體競爭法之集體除外制度,乃至於競爭法本身如何更驅現代化的發展軌跡。以前者而言,歐體競爭法在執法思考上傾向於更加尊重智慧財產權之行使;就後者而言,則不論是在競爭規範或執法上,均更強調經濟導向的思維模式。尤其在集體除外規則中設計了以市占率為門檻之安全區制度,將使主管機關更能專注於真正重大限制競爭之案件,並使事業有更大的彈性空間因應日益複雜化的授權實務。 在現今全球化的商業實務,授權活動不可避免地將更具跨國性。因此本文的目的,即在於剖析歐盟新的集體除外制度,希冀提供各界參酌。除此以外,並藉由對歐盟新制的探討,回頭檢視我國公平法對於授權活動之規範。尤其,係對照分析公平會技術授權處理原則之規範說明。希望藉由探討歐盟新架構下的規範思考,亦能夠帶給我國規範或執法上一些新的啟發。 / On 7 April, 2004, the European Commission adopted a new Block Exemption Regulation with respect to technology transfer agreements (TTBER) along with some detailed Guidelines. The new Regulation, which replaces the Reg. 240/96, addresses the evaluation on licensing activities under Article 81 of the EC Treaty. This reform shows the official attitude toward the interaction between Intellectual Property Rights and the Competition Law. Moreover, it demonstrates the path of the modernization of Block Exemption Regulations, and also the EC Competition Law itself. This article will illustrate the framework of the new TTBER with comparison to the old one and the U.S. approach. Furthermore, it will survey our position on licensing practices, especially focusing on our “Fair Trade Commission Guidelines on Technology Licensing Arrangements”. Based on the research, a proposed revolution for Taiwan FTC’s measures concerning the licensing activities will be provided at the end of this article.
718

台灣國際觀光旅館業生產力與效率分析:隨機邊界距離函數之應用

翁竹君, Weng, Chu-Chun Unknown Date (has links)
本文採用一階段隨機邊界分析方法,建立一多投入多產出之投入距離函數模型,衡量民國81~91年間台灣66家國際觀光旅館經營之相對技術效率,同時探討造成不效率之因素。並利用投入導向Malmquist生產力指數進一步分析國際觀光旅館產業生產力改變的原因與幅度。 整體而言,台灣國際觀光旅館產業之經營效率大致呈現緩慢進步之趨勢。造成整體產業生產力提升之原因,主要為業者對於投入產出配置使用之效率改善,而非生產技術進步。除了整體經濟景氣因素當然影響觀光產業之興衰外,個別國際觀光旅館業者之效率表現仍受到許多因素影響。諸如規模、國際化程度等內部原因,及旅館是否位處風景區、所在地縣市政府對觀光發展投注之資源預算和該地市場競爭程度等外在因素。 從政府政策方面來分析,若以整體國際觀光旅館產業經營效率來衡量我國觀光產業興衰,民國87年隔週休二日政策及民國90年實施之全面週休二日政策,的確有效帶動國人休閒旅遊之風潮,促進國內觀光發展。而各縣市政府觀光相關支出與國際觀光旅館生產力變動之關係,呈現正向相關,則表示政府支出增加有助於觀光產業蓬勃發展,並增加國際觀光旅館之經營效率。由於觀光產業生產具外部性,政府積極利用觀光產業以帶動經濟景氣繁榮成長的政策應當可行。 / In this paper a multi-output, multi-input and input oriented distance function is built by one-stage stochastic frontier approach (Battese and Coelli, 1995) to estimate the relative efficiency of the 66 international tourist hotels in Taiwan in 1992~2002 and to explore the determinants of technical efficiency. In addition, the Malmquist productivity index model is used to analyze the range and the causes of the productivity changed. The results reveal that managerial efficiency of international tourist hotel industry improves gradually. The productivity growth can be attributed to efficiency gains, but not the effects of technical progress. There are significant differences in efficiency due to difference not only in the macroeconomic situation, but also in many other individual factors, such as scale, joining an international chain, located in scenic area, local government other economic service expenditure and competitiveness. Analyzing the government policy, the implementations of two-day-off twice a month policy in 1998 and two-day-off per week policy in 2001 have fostered domestic traveling and expanded tourist hotel industry. The local government other economic service expenditure has positive effect on efficiency of international tourist hotels. That is to say, increasing in local government tourist expenditure will promote tourism market and improve efficiency of a hotel. Because of the production externality in tourism industry the idea that government tries to promote tourism to benefit economic development would be workable.
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對於高維度資料進行特徵選取-應用於分類蛋白質質譜儀資料

黃仁澤 Unknown Date (has links)
傳統的腫瘤指標篩檢方法,往往靈敏度、普及度及特異性有限,無法得到正確、即時的診斷結果。現今癌症的研究,則透過蛋白質體學經由光譜及影像觀察癌症不同時期的蛋白質表現變化,期望未來得以發展較佳之診斷工具。本研究中主要針對兩組攝護腺癌症病人之蛋白質質譜資料,此資料應用蛋白質晶片與表面強化雷射解吸電離飛行質譜技術(SELDI-TOF-MS)收集而來。我們的研究目的在於從大量的蛋白質特徵中篩選出一群有助於分類的蛋白質特徵變數。我們提出以最小分錯率特徵選取法與最小p值( 檢定、Kruskal-Wallis檢定)特徵選取法進行初步特徵辨識度排序以及選取,並進一步發展出k-mean萃取法、最大相關係數萃取法與判定係數萃取法以改善變數間嚴重的共線性問題。我們利用支援向量機(Support Vector Machine)方法進行分類並評估分類效果,在不同的分類目的下萃取有助於辨識的蛋白質特徵,以決定最佳特徵集合。研究發現運用最小分錯率特徵選取法與最小p值分錯率特徵選取法,輔以判定係數萃取法,在各分類目的下皆有良好表現,為較佳的特徵選取方式。
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工業電腦技術支援服務流程之研究---以研華科技公司為例

潘錫生, Pan, Shi-Sheng Unknown Date (has links)
本研究選擇工業電腦產業的領導廠商研華科技公司為個案研究對象,想藉由研究該公司的技術支援服務流程,來瞭解其中可能出現的問題,並進一步提出改善的建議。 在整個研究架構方面,採用Davenport and Short(1990)的企業流程再造的五階段,乃因為此架構既具有完整的流程再造觀念,也稍具執行細節的考量,因此決定以該兩位學者所提的企業流程再造五階段作為本研究架構。 根據本研究,發現其現行的技術支援服務流程有以下的問題: 1. 業務工程師花費過多時間於技術支援服務上,使得他們缺乏時間開發與創造新的商機。 2. 客戶找業務請求技術支援並不會留下記錄。 3. 業務工程師與應用工程師有遺忘客戶需求的可能。 4. 業務無法隨時掌握顧客需求被滿足的狀況。 5. 應用工程師被動等待客戶跟催。 因此本研究提出以下建議: 1. 使用「即時支援軟體」來讓客戶可以輕鬆解決自己的問題,並留下服務需求記錄。 2. 加強公司知識庫的完整性、豐富性及更新速度。 3. 使用新的技術支援服務流程以提升服務效率及反應速度。 4. 建立每日客戶需求未被滿足的清單之電腦自動回報機制。 5. 提供客戶即時查詢其需求處理狀況。 另外在進行技術支援服務流程再造的時候,需要特別注意的是,要有一個流程負責人來統管整個新流程的運作狀況,董事長與總經理應該給予最高的授權支持,而該負責人應請各相關部門派出經理級以上的人參與流程再造,藉此整合各方意見並凝聚共識,如此才可能增加推行的助力,並將可行性納入考量,不然有可能變成難以執行計畫。 除此之外,還要有搭配相對應的誘因機制,讓相關的人員可以配合與適應此一新的技術支援服務流程,因為人們面對改變總是偏向抗拒的,因此一個新流程的推行需要相對應的誘因制度設計,才能讓大家有動力去從事變革。 關鍵字:工業電腦、技術支援、企業流程再造、流程圖、服務管理

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