Le travail porte sur la lecture de Madame Bovary de Flaubert. Menacée d’être proscrite en 1857, elle devient ensuite progressivement prescrite par les programmes de littérature au lycée et à l’université en France et dans les pays anglo-américains. La chercheuse explore le processus de « classicisation » du roman et l’histoire de la réception de son personnage principal par trois communautés interprétatives : les journalistes et critiques contemporain·e·s de Flaubert, les critiques universitaires français et anglo-américain·e·s des années 1960-1980 et des lycéen·ne·s français·e·s en 2016. Le travail interroge donc la constitution des interprétations dominantes ainsi que la dynamique des phénomènes d’identifications au cœur de ces différentes lectures en relation avec l’esthétique de l’auteur. Des problématiques de légitimation structurent en effet ces discours lectoraux et révèlent dans les valeurs qu’ils convoquent la « valence différentielle des sexes », universelle selon Françoise Héritier, qui fait d’une lecture masculine la référence de toute lecture légitime du roman en invalidant des attitudes lectorales perçues comme féminines. Cette situation a pour conséquence un encadrement pédagogique spécifique des interprétations lectorales dans le cadre scolaire dont la thèse interroge les présupposés et les effets sur les lecteurs et lectrices contemporain·e·s.Diverses méthodologies ont été utilisées pour mener la recherche. Les articles de journaux et les textes judiciaires publiés lors du procès de Madame Bovary ont été analysés. Un corpus de travaux structuralistes et post-structuralistes, des théories de la réception et féministes a également été examiné. La chercheuse a par ailleurs eu recours aux techniques de l’explication de texte pour comprendre l’esthétique de Flaubert et la confronter aux réactions des divers lecter·rice·s. Enfin, la chercheuse a mené une enquête de terrain basée sur un questionnaire, des journaux de lecture et des entretiens avec une classe de lycéen·ne·s français. / This work carries on reading Madame Bovary by Flaubert. Although reading the novel threatened to be prohibited when it was first published in 1857, it progressively became mandatory in French studies in French high schools and at French universities and Anglo-American universities. The thesis explores the « classicisation » process of the novel as well as the reception of its principal character by three interpretive communities: journalists and critics who were Flaubert’s contemporaries, French and Anglo-American academics between the sixties and eighties, and high school French students in 2016. The work thus examines the making of dominant interpretations and the dynamics of identifications at play in relation with the aesthetics of the author. Readers discourses are indeed shaped by self-legitimation purposes and by the universal « differential valency of genders » that Françoise Héritier conceptualized. Masculine reading is thought to be the template of « good » readings of the novel, while all readers’ demeanours perceived as « feminine » are invalidated. This situation results in a specific framing of pedagogical expectations, expectations of which the thesis intents to decipher the assumptions and effects on French high-school readers.To do so, the researcher used a variety of methodologies. She analyzed articles published in newspapers when the book was first published as well as the judiciary speeches and texts written during the trial of Madame Bovary. She also analyzed academic papers and structuralist, post-structuralist, reader-response and feminist theories. She used literary close reading to understand the aesthetics of Flaubert and confront his writing to the reactions of his readers. Finally, she gathered and analyzed empirical data through a survey, reading diaries and interviews with a class of French high school students.This thesis therefore belongs to the field of cultural studies, in the sense that it uses various academic approaches to understand a cultural object and its effects on its readers and because it tries to shift the epistemological viewpoint from which a classic such as Madame Bovary as been examined in Western culture.

Le site d’Ucanal, dans le Petén au Guatemala près de la frontière avec le Bélize, est un site maya avec une très forte occupation et un grand centre cérémoniel actif durant le Classique terminal, une période où de nombreuses autres cités mayas étaient en ébullition politique ou en train d’être abandonnés. Les jeux de balle faisant partie des centres civiques ont très souvent été fouillés dans des optiques reliées aux activités cérémonielles et à l’élite. Ce mémoire propose d’étudier les déchets provenant des dépotoirs situés en périphérie du jeu de balle afin d’étudier les activités pratiquées par les spectateurs et non juste celles des officiants. Pour ce faire, une analyse globale de tous les artefacts (lithiques, céramiques et fauniques) du jeu de balle #1 du groupe A d’Ucanal a été réalisée. Des analyses de la distribution des artefacts entre les différentes zones du terrain de jeu et entre le terrain de jeu et d'autres contextes du site ont été entreprises afin d'identifier l'éventail possible d'activités associées au terrain de jeu d'Ucanal. Les résultats démontrent qu’en plus des activités rituelles généralement documentées en contexte de jeu de balle, le jeu de balle d’Ucanal est associé à des activités de festins qui impliquent une grande consommation de coquillages possiblement accompagnée de musique et de paris. / The archaeological site of Ucanal, located in the Petén region of Guatemala near the border with Belize, is a Maya site with a large population and active ceremonial centre during the Terminal Classic, a period in which other sites were wrought with political turmoil or were in the process of being abandoned. The ballcourts located in civic centers have often been researched from the perspective of formal ceremonial activities and the elite. This thesis proposes to study the debris from middens located on the outskirts of the Ucanal site ballcourt in order to study the activities practiced by spectators instead of focusing solely on the formal activities within the court itself. To do so, a holistic documentation of all the artifacts (lithic, ceramic and fauna) was conducted from excavations of ballcourt #1 of group A of Ucanal. Artifact distribution analyses between different zones of the ballcourt and between the ballcourt and other areas of the site were undertaken to identify the possible range of activities associated with Ucanal’s ballcourt. The results show that in addition to the ritual activities generally documented in the context of ball games, Ucanal's ballcourt was associated with feasting activities which involved freshwater shells and possibly the accompaniment of music and gambling.

Los colaboradores son parte fundamental en el éxito de las organizaciones, por eso los líderes deben identificar cuál es el tipo de liderazgo adecuado para lograr los resultados que esperan en el desempeño organizacional. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido exponer diversas posturas sobre cómo impactan los estilos de liderazgo adoptados por el líder en el comportamiento del seguidor dentro de la organización, esto es, investigar cómo influyen los diferentes tipos de liderazgo en su comportamiento; cuya selección se llevó a cabo al observar la necesidad que tiene una organización de contar con el apoyo de sus colaboradores para lograr incrementar su rentabilidad y mantener su competitividad en el mercado. Para ello se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de estudios donde se abordaron diversas corrientes de liderazgo, conceptos que se discutieron y evidenciaron que el estilo de liderazgo clásico y el liderazgo influyente pueden generar aspectos tanto negativos como positivos en el comportamiento del seguidor. Debido a que se han estudiado pocos estilos —lo que representó una limitación en este trabajo— se espera que esta investigación, desde el punto de vista práctico, ofrezca un marco de referencia que expone diversos tipos de liderazgo aplicables a las organizaciones y su efecto en el logro de los objetivos. / Los colaboradores son parte fundamental en el éxito de las organizaciones, por eso los líderes deben identificar cuál es el tipo de liderazgo adecuado para lograr los resultados que esperan en el desempeño organizacional. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido exponer diversas posturas sobre cómo impactan los estilos de liderazgo adoptados por el líder en el comportamiento del seguidor dentro de la organización, esto es, investigar cómo influyen los diferentes tipos de liderazgo en su comportamiento; cuya selección se llevó a cabo al observar la necesidad que tiene una organización de contar con el apoyo de sus colaboradores para lograr incrementar su rentabilidad y mantener su competitividad en el mercado. Para ello se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de estudios donde se abordaron diversas corrientes de liderazgo, conceptos que se discutieron y evidenciaron que el estilo de liderazgo clásico y el liderazgo influyente pueden generar aspectos tanto negativos como positivos en el comportamiento del seguidor. Debido a que se han estudiado pocos estilos —lo que representó una limitación en este trabajo— se espera que esta investigación, desde el punto de vista práctico, ofrezca un marco de referencia que expone diversos tipos de liderazgo aplicables a las organizaciones y su efecto en el logro de los objetivos. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

No description available.

This study generates a metatheory of interpersonal violence from an initial qualitatively highest scoring academic literature item and theoretically sampling over 200 additional literature items using classic grounded theory methodological analysis and synthesis. Danger emerged as the main concern of those experiencing interpersonal violence. Safetifying from interpersonal violence through the socio-psychophysical process of Phasic Protective Sequencing emerged as the resolution of the main concern. The metatheory of safetifying emerged in four parts: 1. The first was the socio-structural process of endangering with interpersonal violence through the interaction of the people and the elite resulting in endangerment (danger). 2. Danger precipitates the socio-psychological process of safetifying before interpersonal violence which involves awarenessing, setting up, and evaluating. 3. If the person is attacked, it precipitates the psycho-physical process of safetifying during interpersonal violence including resiliencing, finishing, and victoring. 4. The aftermath of an attack or the avoidance of an attack precipitates the psycho-social process of safetifying after interpersonal violence including reclaiming, relinquishing, and achieving. The metatheory of safetifying was shown to contribute uniquely to the field of interpersonal violence, to many related theories, and to have potential for therapeutic application. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Wireless technology has increased in popularity since its invention, being embedded in many devices, such as smartphones, laptops, earphones etcetera. One of those technologies is Bluetooth, which is a short-range technology that is widely used worldwide. While being a popular and important technology, it is not as optimized as it could be, especially the standard Bluetooth 4.2. According to (Bluetooth, 2023)Bluetooth version 5 has four times the range of Bluetooth version 4.2 which is one area of improvement in Bluetooth. While limited Forward Error Correction (FEC)functionality in terms of (15,10) Hamming codes is present in the Bluetooth classic4.2 stack, however, it is not utilized in that version of Bluetooth. This thesis aims to implement a functionality in Bluetooth that uses FEC to increase the range. Before the experiments were conducted, multiple measurements were done in order to check if the hardware, such as the Bluetooth modules, antennas, air sniffer, could provide reliable and valid data. The experiments were conducted by streaming an audio sample of 48 kHz via Bluetooth and increasing the range until a certain percentage of fail rate in data transmission has occurred. FEC was then enabled, and the same experiment was repeated. The results from the experiments show that the range can be increased up to a few meters. Not only that, but the transmission without FEC allows a high level of errors without a connection cut-off. With FEC, the connection does not allow high levels of errors which means that the audio quality would not drop as low as it would have without FEC which means that a certain audio quality is preserved. This also makes the case for the implementation of higher modes of FEC into the Bluetooth stack to potentially increase the range of Bluetooth classic multiple times, but that implementation is beyond the scope of this thesis.

Ce mémoire a pour ambition de comprendre comment et en quel sens l’idée de « classique » est repensée au XIXe siècle. Alors que l’Ancien Régime intégrait le classique dans un système de représentation relativement cohérent, au sein duquel sa fonction, son rôle et sa pertinence étaient clairement établis, la notion devient brusquement problématique aux lendemains de la Révolution. La France révolutionnée est marquée par une expérience du temps inédite et une nouvelle relation à sa mémoire culturelle qui font éprouver aux lettrés la nécessité de redéfinir leurs rapports au classique. Après avoir clarifié le sens général de la notion avant la Révolution, l’étude se penche sur trois grands « moments » de la dynamique de redéfinition du classique au XIXe siècle. Il s’agit d’abord de voir dans quelle mesure l’historicisation du passé dans les premières années du siècle conduit les lettrés à refuser la fonction de modèle à imiter traditionnellement associée au classique, et à l’envisager désormais en vertu d’une rupture entre le présent et l’« avant-soi ». La partie suivante s’attache aux reconfigurations du canon littéraire par la lancée romantique, et montre comment ces métamorphoses de l’horizon culturel amènent les lettrés à déterminer de nouvelles modalités d’appropriation du classique. Une dernière partie tente de voir de quelle manière la pertinence et la portée de la notion sont révisées une fois de plus dans le contexte de l’« institutionnalisation » de la distance critique entraînée par la scientifisation des études littéraires dans le dernier tiers du XIXe siècle. Inspiré à la fois par l’histoire des idées et l’histoire culturelle, ce mémoire se propose de saisir son objet dans une perspective de longue durée. Outre un large corpus secondaire délibérément éclectique, cinq auteurs sont interrogés plus spécifiquement : Ballanche, Stendhal, Sainte-Beuve, Renan, Lanson. / This master’s thesis aims to understand how and in what sense the idea of "classic" was rethought throughout the 19th century. During the historical period of Old Regime in France, the classic was incorporated into a relatively coherent system of representation, within which its function, role and relevance were clearly established. However, the notion suddenly became problematic in the aftermath of the French Revolution. Revolutionized France was marked by an unprecedented experience of time and a new relation to its cultural memory which made literati feel the need to redefine their relation to the classic. After clarifying the general meaning of the concept before the Revolution, the study examines three major "moments" in the dynamics of redefining the classic in the 19th century. First, the analysis intends to determine the extent to which the historicization of the past, in the first years of the century, led the literati to refuse the classic its traditional function of a model to imitate and instead, to consider it in the perspective of a rupture between the present and the past. The following part explores the reconfigurations of the literary canon by the romantic movement and shows how these metamorphoses of the cultural horizon led the literati to determine new modalities of appropriation of the classic. The final part attempts to see how the relevance and scope of the notion are revised in the context of the "institutionalization" of critical distance brought about by the scientification of literary studies in the last third of the 19th century. Inspired by both intellectual history and cultural history, this dissertation sets out to grasp its subject matter from a long-term perspective. In addition to a large, deliberately eclectic secondary corpus, five authors are questioned more specifically: Ballanche, Stendhal, Sainte-Beuve, Renan, Lanson.

<p>Bluetooth is the de facto standard for short-range wireless communications. Besides Bluetooth Classic (BC), Bluetooth also consists of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and Bluetooth Mesh (Mesh), two relatively new protocols, paving the way for its domination in the era of IoT and 5G. Meanwhile, attacks against Bluetooth, such as BlueBorne, BleedingBit, KNOB, BIAS, and BThack, have been booming in the past few years, impacting the security and privacy of billions of devices. These attacks exploit both design issues in the Bluetooth specification and vulnerabilities of its implementations, allowing for privilege escalation, remote code execution, breaking cryptography, spoofing, device tracking, etc.</p> <p><br></p> <p>To secure Bluetooth, researchers have proposed different approaches for both Bluetooth specification (e.g., formal analysis) and implementation (e.g., fuzzing). However, existing analyses of the Bluetooth specification and implementations are either done manually, or the automatic approaches only cover a small part of the targets. As a consequence, current research is far from complete in securing Bluetooth.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Therefore, in this dissertation, we propose the following research to provide missing pieces in prior research toward completing Bluetooth security research in terms of both Bluetooth specification and implementations. (i) For Bluetooth security at the specification level, we start from one protocol in Bluetooth, BLE, and focus on the previously unexplored reconnection procedure of two paired BLE devices. We conduct a formal analysis of this procedure defined in the BLE specification to provide security guarantees and identify new vulnerabilities that allow spoofing attacks. (ii) Besides BLE, we then formally verify other security-critical protocols in all Bluetooth protocols (BC, BLE, and Mesh). We provide a comprehensive formal analysis by covering the aspects that prior research fails to include (i.e., all possible combinations of protocols and protocol configurations) and considering a more realistic attacker model (i.e., semi-compromised device). With this model, we are able to rediscover five known vulnerabilities and reveal two new issues that affect BC/BLE dual-stack devices and Mesh devices, respectively. (iii) In addition to the formal analysis of specification security, we propose and build a comprehensive formal model to analyze Bluetooth privacy (i.e., device untraceability) at the specification level. In this model, we convert device untraceability into a reachability problem so that it can be verified using existing tools without introducing false results. We discover four new issues allowed in the specification that can lead to eight device tracking attacks. We also evaluate these attacks on 13 Bluetooth implementations and find that all of them are affected by at least two issues. (iv) At the implementation level, we improve Bluetooth security by debloating (i.e., removing code) Bluetooth stack implementations, which differs from prior automatic approaches, such as fuzzing. We keep only the code of needed functionality by a user and minimize their Bluetooth attack surface by removing unneeded Bluetooth features in both the host stack code and the firmware. Through debloating, we can remove 20 known CVEs and prevent a wide range of attacks again Bluetooth. With the research presented in this thesis, we improve Bluetooth security and privacy at both the specification and implementation levels.</p>

No description available.

Auf der Basis des Impact-Faktors, entsprechend der Definition Eugene Garfields, werden die Implikationen dieses IF für szientometrische Überlegungen und deren Folgen für das Zeitschriftenwesen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit zeigen: Der Impact-Faktor ist ein Wert, der einen Hinweis auf den durchschnittlichen Bekanntheitsgrad eines Beitrags in einer vom SCI erfassten Zeitschrift gibt. Der Impact-Faktor ist ein Wert, der in hohem Maße vom Umfang des SCI bestimmt ist. Über die dort erfassten Zitationen wird ermittelt, wie oft eine Zeitschrift zitiert worden ist. Der Impact-Faktor ist in hohem Maße davon bestimmt, in wieweit die Quellen zugänglich sind, die zitiert werden. Der lineare Zusammenhang, den R. Rousseau und G.V. Hooydonk (1996) zwischen dem Impact-Faktor von Zeitschriften und der Zahl der darin erschienenen Aufsätze (Produktion) hergestellt haben, gilt nur in dem von ihnen untersuchten Bereich des Impact-Faktors 0,5 – 3. Bei höheren Werten kommt es zu einer Abflachung, bei Werten über 7 sogar zu einer Umkehr der Steigung. Es gibt einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Höhe des Impact-Faktors und seinem jährlichen Zuwachs im SCI. Je höher der IF, desto höher ist auch sein jährlicher Anstieg. Bei genauerer Analyse zeigte sich, dass der Zuwachs, zum Zeitpunkt der vorliegenden Untersuchung, gegen einen Grenzwert von 0,42 ging. Die Impact-Faktoren von Zeitschriften und deren Preise für die Abonnements hängen statistisch nur schwach voneinander ab. Ob Zeitschriften erworben werden müssen ist weitaus stärker von den Zitationen abhängig, die diese Zeitschriften auf sich versammeln. Der IF steigt mit der Auflagenhöhe von Zeitschriften, wenn diese bereits einen höheren IF aufweisen. Für wissenschaftliche Autoren ist der Druck, in Zeitschriften mit einem hohen IF zu publizieren, beobachtsam. Je höher dieser allgemeine Druck ist, desto geringer ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit für einen einzelnen Autor wiederholt in derartigen Zeitschriften publizieren zu können. / The current thesis investigates the Impact Factor (IF) in scientific journals and its consequences for scientometric considerations. The results are: The Impact Factor is a value for Journals listed in the Science Citation Index, which show the average degree of acquaintance in the scientific community. It is much less a sign of quality than often believed. The IF is highly determined by the degree of the extent of the SCI. The Impact Factor is also, to a considerable degree determined by the availability of the cited sources. Methodological the IF depends strongly on the topical adjustment of the SCI. A linear correlation, found by R. Rousseau and G.V. Hooydonk (1996) between the Impact Factor and the number of papers per journal, is only valid in the analysed range of 0.5 - 3 examined by these authors. At higher IF values it comes to a flattening, and for values greater 7 even to a reversal of the curve. There is an annual increase of the Impact Factor in the SCI, in which the annual rate is rising as higher the IF is. More exact analyses have shown that the increase had an upper of 0.42, at the investigated time. Impact factors of Journals and prices for their relations depend only on a weak statistic from each other. Whether Journal is acquired, depends by far more strongly on the citations, which meets these magazines on itself. The IF rises with the number of copies of magazines if these already exhibit a higher IF. A clear separation between a cause and effect cannot be recognized here. It would be both possible that Journals with high IF experience increased demand, so that the copy number thereby rises and that the IF rises, because the Journal enjoys a high interest. Scientific authors are under pressure to publish in journals with Ifs as high as possible. The higher this general pressure is the smaller is the probability for an author to publish in such journals repeatedly. Exceptions are the publishers or editors of these Journals.