Cette thèse présente une étude de la représentation de la race et son rôle dans la formation des discours littéraires et identitaires au Québec. À partir de la phrase célèbre de Félix-Antoine Savard, « une race qui ne sait pas mourir », jusqu’au roman de l’écrivain haïtien Dany Laferrière, Je suis un écrivain japonais, en passant par L’appel de la race de Lionel Groulx, sans oublier les propos sanglants de Michèle Lalonde dans Speak White et ceux de Pierre Vallières dans Nègres blancs d’Amérique, la littérature canadienne-française et québécoise est hantée par la question de la race. C’est précisément à cause de la présence persistante, souvent angoissante, du concept que je me propose d’en analyser les modalités discursives et les significations dans des textes écrits à divers moments clés entre 1839 et 2008: le rapport de Lord Durham (1839); L’appel de la race (1922) de Lionel Groulx; Menaud, maître-draveur (1937) de Félix-Antoine Savard; Ashini (1960) d’Yves Thériault; Speak White (1974) de Michèle Lalonde; Nègres blancs d’Amérique (1972) de Pierre Vallières; Comment faire l’amour avec un Nègre sans se fatiguer (1985) et Je suis un écrivain japonais (2008) de Dany Laferrière; et Quatre mille marches (2004) de Ying Chen. Pour ce faire, cette thèse se situe dans un cadre théorique interdisciplinaire qui intègre la théorie critique de la race, le féminisme et la théorie queer.

This thesis is not structured as a conventional empirical study (theoretical background, method, results, discussion), but instead consists of an iterative series of attempts at making sense of same-race prejudice – hopefully systematically homing in on a richer and more acute understanding of the phenomenon. The chapters are grouped together in pairs or triplets – each grouping addressing different but related perspectives on the problem. Chapters 1 and 2 are contextual, setting the scene historically and conceptually. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 introduce three different perspectives on using phenomenology as a means of approaching the issue of same-race prejudice. Chapters 6 and 7 are dedicated to looking at the themes of same-race prejudice, a critical interrogation of the themes from the interview discussions, the literature and how same-race prejudice is experienced, played out and sustained. Chapter 8 links back to Chapter 1 by casting another look at sensitivity and responsiveness to same-race prejudice by organisations whose work is supposedly on prejudice eradication. The chapter further links with both Chapters 3 and 4 by calling upon a phenomenological understanding to humanity as what can bring a liveable change to humanity regarding same-race prejudice. Chapter 9 serves as a summary of all the chapters, what each individually and collectively hoped to achieve, and the general findings and statements about same-race prejudice from the chapters’ theoretical discussions, research interviews, and critical interrogation of both the mundane and theoretical understanding. / Psychology / D. Phil. (Psychology)

This phenomenological study explored Black male law enforcement officers’ perspectives of how racial profiling shaped their decisions to explore and commit to a law enforcement career. Criterion and snow ball sampling was used to obtain the 17 participants for this study. Super’s (1990) archway model was used as the theoretical framework. The archway model “is designed to bring out the segmented but unified and developmental nature of career development, to highlight the segments, and to make their origin clear” (Super, 1990, p. 201). Interview data were analyzed using inductive, deductive, and comparative analyses. Three themes emerged from the inductive analysis of the data: (a) color and/or race does matter, (b) putting on the badge, and (c) too black to be blue and too blue to be black. The deductive analysis used a priori coding that was based on Super’s (1990) archway model. The deductive analysis revealed the participants’ career exploration was influenced by their knowledge of racial profiling and how others view them. The comparative analysis between the inductive themes and deductive findings found the theme “color and/or race does matter” was present in the relationships between and within all segments of Super’s (1990) model. The comparative analysis also revealed an expanded notion of self-concept for Black males – marginalized and/or oppressed individuals. Self-concepts, “such as self-efficacy, self-esteem, and role self-concepts, being combinations of traits ascribed to oneself” (Super, 1990, p. 202) do not completely address the self-concept of marginalized and/or oppressed individuals. The self-concept of marginalized and/or oppressed individuals is self-efficacy, self-esteem, traits ascribed to oneself expanded by their awareness of how others view them. (DuBois, 1995; Freire, 1970; Sheared, 1990; Super, 1990; Young, 1990). Ultimately, self-concept is utilized to make career and life decisions. Current human resource policies and practices do not take into consideration that negative police contact could be the result of racial profiling. Current human resource hiring guidelines penalize individuals who have had negative police contact. Therefore, racial profiling is a discriminatory act that can effectively circumvent U.S. Equal Employment Opportunities Commission laws and serve as a boundary mechanism to employment (Rocco & Gallagher, 2004).

Ce mémoire vise à analyser les parcours universitaires d’étudiants montréalais d’origine haïtienne, qui représentent un des groupes les plus susceptibles de décrocher. Au moyen d’une posture épistémologique interprétative-critique, nous avons tenté d’identifier les facteurs qui entravent ou qui facilitent les parcours universitaires de ces étudiants. En nous basant sur la théorie raciale critique et de l’approche par les capabilités d’Amartya Sen (2000) et de Martha Nussbaum (2012), nous avons analysé un total de dix entretiens semi-dirigés menés auprès de cinq étudiants, afin de voir si les rapports sociaux de race et les rapports de pouvoir inégaux jouent sur leurs parcours. Ces entretiens sont issus de données secondaires s’inscrivant dans un projet de recherche plus large portant sur les inégalités de parcours dans l’enseignement supérieur et qui s’intéresse aux cas des étudiants racisés. Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes penchées sur le sens que les étudiants montréalais issus de la communauté haïtienne donnent aux situations de racisme, de discrimination en milieu socioscolaire et universitaire, ainsi que sur la manière dont les rapports de pouvoir inégaux influençent leurs parcours. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons analysé la manière dont les facteurs de conversion influencent leurs fonctionnements. On compte trois types de facteurs de conversion : environnementaux (liés à l’environnement géographique ou aux infrastructures), individuels (liés aux caractéristiques, aptitudes et aspirations individuelles) et socioculturels (normes, relations et rapports sociaux). Ils correspondent à ce qui influence un individu à utiliser une ressource ou un bien et peuvent avoir des versants positifs et négatifs. Les résultats vont dans le même sens que la littérature existante au sujet des étudiants issus de groupes racisés et révèlent diverses expériences racisantes, microagressions rencontrées par ces étudiants tout au long de leurs parcours scolaire et académique. Des stratégies comme la création de counterspaces ou le role flexing sont utilisées par les étudiants afin de contrer le sentiment d’aliénation ressenti et afin de mieux naviguer au sein du système. Les facteurs de conversion de type socioculturel se révèlent centraux dans l’analyse des façons d’être et d’agir de ces étudiants. Les recommandations qui émanent de notre analyse se rapportent surtout à l’importance d’un meilleur travail de sensibilisation auprès des acteurs des établissements scolaires et postsecondaires quant aux réalités des communautés racisées, notamment en termes de microagressions et de situations de racisation. / This thesis aims to analyze the postsecondary pathways of Montreal universities’ students of Haitian descent, who represent one of the groups that are most likely to drop out. Using a criticalinterpretative epistemological stance, we tried to identify the factors that may impede or facilitate their pathways. A framework combining the critical race theory and Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum’s capabilities approach allowed the examination of social relations of race and unequal power relations, and their influence on racialized students’ pathways. We first looked at the meaning Montreal students of Haitian descent gave to racializing situations in social and academic environments, as well as the way unequal power relations influence their experience. Then, we analyzed how conversion factors influenced the use of resources put at their disposal. Conversion factors inhibit or encourage the transformation of their characteristics into functionings, and can either be environmental, personal or social. The empirical material analyzed is based on 10 qualitative interviews conducted with five undergraduate students. The analysis of the data demonstrates that racialized students experience many forms of microaggressions and racialization during their pathways in the schools, cegeps and universities they attended. They use different strategies such as role flexing or creation of counterspaces to navigate the system better and to counter the feeling of alienation they sometimes feel. Social conversion factors occupy a central place in the analysis of ways of being and acting of our participants, compared to environmental and personal conversion factors. The recommendations that emanate from our analysis mainly relate to the importance of awareness raising among school and universities stakeholders as to racialized students’ realities, especially in terms of microaggressions and racializing situations.

No description available.

Multiculturalism and the merging of local communities with immigrants demands glocal policies in various sectors—especially in education. In order to successfully integrate immigrants, language acquisition is oftentimes the first initiative educators and politicians regard as one of the most essential attributes for successful and prompt integration. However, language acquisition cannot be separated from the need to bridge communities and their different values, tradition, ideologies, and identities based on their cultural heritages and religious affiliations. In order to properly respond to newly-emerging glocal dynamics in, for instance, classrooms, it is crucial to understand the shifts in racisms from black versus white to East versus West. Therefore, concepts need to consider different dynamics and embrace issues related to gender, sexuality, skin color, habitus, social, financial, and cultural capital, as well as educational achievement (gaps) on an interdisciplinary level. While seeking to find appropriate adaptations of school curricula, it is necessary to not try to run before one can walk—in other words—to not try to let educators teach before they have been taught cross-cultural communication. In addition, racisms cannot be limited to conflicts between immigrants and non-immigrants; racisms also occur among a homogeneous group. The complexity of reuniting and/or integrating various immigrant, non-immigrant, (Middle) Eastern and Western identities and their (intercultural) belonging is critical because of the various circumstances and settings that need to be considered for responding to linguistic, cultural, social, psychological, educational, and financial matters individually. Although there is not one concrete theoretical framework or outcome that can be applied for integration; this dissertation thesis functions as a roadmap for becoming more aware of regional and international struggles. Despite the multifaceted approaches that need to be combined and implemented in terms of second language acquisition, updated teacher training, cross-cultural policies, access to social services and support systems, etc., the education sector remains the foundation for prospective integration: Integrative and multiculturally-aware education provides the glocal society with intercultural and interdisciplinary-applicable assets and capitals. Such abilities help create a politically, socially, financially, culturally, and educationally responsible future embracing transatlantic intermingling instead of oppressing Otherness. Local and global communities benefit from better-adjusted and well-integrated immigrant families and students. The better societies and politics educate, integrate, and value non-locals, the more societies will benefit culturally, socially, politically, and economically from the glocal population. The newly-introduced PIC SAM guidelines provide, in cooperation with key actors and community-centered programs for immigrants and non-immigrants, a roadmap for combining theory and practice in glocal contexts.:Table of Contents vi List of Figures, Tables, and Illustrations x Chapter One 1 Personal Narrative and Relevance: Education as Powerful Integration Tool 1 Rationale, Overview, and Global Integration and Education 7 Theoretical Framework and Methodological Approaches 14 Terminology 17 Steps for Globally-Adjusted Integration and Education 29 Step 1: Understanding Legal Challenges of Turkish Immigrants 29 Step 2: Understanding that Not Every Middle Easterner is a Muslim 33 Step 3: Starting Successful Integration in Kindergarten 33 Step 4: Nurturing Integration Instead of Oppressing Immigration 36 Step 5: Adapting CRT—From Colorblind to Headscarfblind 39 Step 6: Taking the Education Exit for Integration 43 Step 7: Taking the Education Exit to Integration 44 Step 8: Sprucing Up the Headscarf Image 45 Chapter Two 48 Literature Review 48 Chapter Three 103 “Other” Ideologies and Identities—Theoretical Approaches 103 (1) How to Approach Different Ideologies 103 (2) Reasons for Othering and Biased Headscarf Images 103 (3) Disempowering the Exotic Other 104 (4) The Danger of Ill-Ideologies 106 (5) Ideologies as Utopia and Fantasy 108 (6) Capitalization and Mass Economization of Identities and Ideologies 109 (7) Institutionalization of the ISA (aka the School) 110 Chapter Four 113 Individuals are Always-Already Subjects of Ideology 113 Concepts Creating the Multifaceted Constructions of Ideology 114 (1) Ideology as A-Historical 114 (2) Is Ideology “Real” or an Illusion? 115 (3) Individuals are Always-Already Subjects (of Ideology) 116 (4) Subjects within a Mass-Produced Media (Ill)Ideology 117 (5) Shift: From Dominant via Repressed Ideology to State Apparatus 119 (6) Concluding Thoughts on Ideologies 120 Chapter Five 123 Race as Product of Social, Political, and Educational Thought 123 Chapter Six 128 Shifts in Racisms: Whitewashed—From Black to (Middle) East 128 The Wende within Immigration and Globalization 134 (1) History and Its Effect on Pre- and Post-Activism 134 (2) GDR Museums—(False?) Nostalgia in Times of Globalization 141 (3) Cross-Generational Racisms and Racialized White Others 145 Chapter Seven 149 Different Social and Cultural Capitals: East vs. West (German) Habitus 149 Adapting Bourdieu’s Habitus to Different Contexts 151 Comparative Examples: Disadvantaged Groups in the Education Sector 154 Getting to the Nitty-Gritty: The Case of Oscar 156 Concluding the Nitty-Gritty: Political Trust and Progressive Educators 165 Chapter Eight 170 Reverse Activisms: The Importance of Transnational Post-Activism 170 Tear Down that Church! 173 Transferring Activism from the GDR to the 21st Century 177 From “Teaching” Activism to “Doing” Activism 181 East versus West: Striving for Balanced Activisms 184 Activism, Aktivismus, and Activisme—or Negativism? 187 Chapter Nine 190 Adapting and Diversifying CRT 190 Teaching and Learning German and Intercultural Communication 195 Global and Anti-Racist Pedagogies In- and Outside of Schools 200 Roadmap for Changing (the) Dynamics in Germany’s Education 203 (1) Cross-Language Policies: Bilingualism for Everyone 203 (2) Current Challenges in Germany’s Education System 207 (3) Key Actors and Levels in Addressing the Integration Problem(s) 208 (4) Solution Approaches 210 Chapter Ten 212 Glocal Frameworks: Adding “Bi-Religionism” to Bilingualism & Biculturalism 212 Getting to the Nitty-Gritty: The Case of Mo 215 Educational Policy Recommendations 224 Concluding the Nitty-Gritty 230 Chapter Eleven 233 Outlook and Conclusion: Striving for Glocal Awareness and Activist Change 233 References 243 Endnotes 263

Denna uppsats undersöker diskursen kring Linnémonumentet i Humlegården, Stockholm och Louis De Geer-statyn på Gamla Torget, Norrköping, samt diskuterar vilken betydelse skulpturerna fick under Black Lives Matter-demonstrationerna år 2020 i relation till antirasism och historiska företeelser av 'damnatio memoriae'. Med ett postkolonialt och kritiskt rasteoretiskt perspektiv syftar denna uppsats till att framhäva och analysera de resonemang som tog mest plats under debatten, centrerat kring antirasistiska och icke-vitas röster. Genomgående används därav den kritiska diskursanalysen och semiotiken som metoder för att skapa en förståelse kring auktoritet, samt att belysa det svenska samhällets syn på sin koloniala historia och lyfta diskussionen kring bland annat ras, klass, kön och makt i förhållande till den offentliga konsten. Uppsatsen resonerar sålunda hur offentliga och publika platser i samhället kan avkolonialiseras med avsikt att skapa ett hem för oss alla. / This thesis examines the discourse regarding the Linnaeus Monument in Humlegården, Stockholm, and the Louis De Geer statue at The Old Square, Norrköping. It further analyzes the significance that sculptures gained during the Black Lives Matter demonstrations in 2020, in relation to anti-racism and historical phenomena of 'damnatio memoriae'. With a theoretical framework of postcolonialism and critical race theory, this thesis aims to highlight and analyze the reasonings that were central during the debate, focusing on anti-racist and people of color's voices. Thus, critical discourse analysis and semiotics are used as methods to create an understanding of authority and to shed light on Sweden's own view of its colonial history and elevate the discussion concerning race, class, gender, and power, etcetera, in relation to public art. The thesis, hence, argues how public places in society can be decolonized with the intention of creating a home for all of us.

The aim of this thesis is two-fold. Firstly, the aim is to analyze the three aspects institutional racism, double-consciousness and importance of minoritized voices in Angie Thomas’ novel The Hate U Give in connection to the thesis’ theoretical framework, Critical Race Theory. Secondly, the aim is also to argue for the inclusion of The Hate U Give in the Swedish EFL classroom, by investigating potential pedagogical implications in connection to the literary analysis and the thesis’ pedagogical framework, Critical Race Pedagogy. Potentially as a way of hoping for social justice and change for a minoritized group of people, the literary analysis of the three aspects demonstrates that Thomas depicts racial inequality as natural and fixed within many layers of American society such as economic opportunities, law enforcement, education, identities and which voices are heard vs. ignored. Therefore, this thesis argues that Thomas’ counter narrative The Hate U Give, with its portrayal of the racially inequal American society and the effects on the African American characters, could serve as a point of departure for discussions of institutional racism, double-consciousness and the importance of minoritized voices in the Swedish EFL classroom, to raise awareness of the situation for a minoritized group of people in America and connect it to the students’ own experiences and knowledge of these aspects.

This thesis examines the legal case of Inouye Kanao, a second-generation Japanese Canadian who was executed for high treason in August 1947 in Hong Kong. In this thesis, I trace not only Inouye's legal case, but also his early life, the broader political context, diplomatic correspondence, and other war crimes cases. By employing race-thinking and Critical Race Theory as theoretical frameworks, I consider the role of race and racism and aim to better understand its influence on Inouye's legal case. In doing so, this thesis challenges previous narratives and misinformation about Inouye. I conclude that racism was a significant factor that affected all aspects of Inouye's case, resulting in an unjust execution that did not reflect the crimes. Ultimately, Inouye was executed not because of his actions but because he was racialized as a treacherous and cruel Japanese Canadian. / Graduate

No description available.