The purpose of this paper is to investigate, based on a comparative study in Sweden, how vertical hydroponic farms can be implemented in urban environments and to identify the challenges with the implementation. The study examines various companies that work with hydroponic farms in Sweden and how the government can help the companies with the implementation of the innovation. Urban hydroponic farms can be a significant solution for solving the growing global population demand for locally grown fresh food, which includes good quality and nutrients. Previous studies, from a sustainability perspective, show that Sweden would benefit in several different ways if more hydroponic farms were implemented in the urban cities. The theory that the report is based on is the implementation theory. With this in mind, the empirics were analyzed from three different found themes; economy, political priorities & local involvement. Empirical data was collected from previous studies as well as from a qualitative methodological approach. This empirical study was based on multiple interviews with companies in the hydroponic farms industry located in Sweden and observations, to be able to analyze the findings based on our chosen theme. In this study we found that the result indicates that there are both advantages and obstacles to the implementation of hydroponic farms in urban areas. On the other hand, the benefits are predominantly from a sustainable development perspective with new innovative solutions, such as solar systems and upgraded district heating and district cooling systems.

FN:s barnkonvention blev svensk lag januari år 2020, med målsättningen att barnets bästa och barns rättigheter tydligt skulle genomsyra praktiken. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur chefer inom barn- och ungdomsenheten på socialtjänsten beskriver förändringar i verksamheten med anledning av barnkonventionens införande som lag. För att besvara studiens syfte användes en kvalitativ studiedesign i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer, där totalt sju respondenter från sex olika kommuner fick representera empirin. Empirin analyserades med stöd av kvalitativ innehållsanalys och som teoretisk förklaringsmodell användes grunderna i en implementeringsteori. Studiens resultat visade att barnkonventionen implementerats olika mycket och på olika sätt i Sveriges kommuner. Skillnader i arbetssätt var till stor grad beroende av i vilken omfattning verksamheterna hade implementerat barnkonventionen. Den främsta skillnaden var att implementeringen har lett till en större tydlighet i arbetet, samt att barnets rättigheter har fått ett större fokus. Slutsatsen av studien visade på att staten behöver utveckla riktlinjer för hur barnkonventionen ska implementeras, samt säkerställa att samtliga kommuner får samma förutsättningar. Studien visade på ett vidare behov av att forska på vilka förändringar implementeringen har lett till inom socialtjänstens andra områden som inte direkt riktar sig mot barn. / The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child became Swedish law in January 2020, with the aim that the best interests of the child and children's rights should permeate the practice. The purpose of this study was to examine how social services managers within the children and youth unit describe changes in the organization due to the incorporation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child as law. In order to answer the purpose of the study, a qualitative study design was chosen in the form of semi-structured interviews where seven respondents from six different municipalities were allowed to represent the results. The empirical data was analyzed with support from the implementation theory. The results of the study showed that the Convention on the Rights of the Child has been implemented to varying degrees and in different ways in Sweden's municipalities. Differences in working methods were largely dependent on the extent to which the organization had implemented the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The main difference was that the implementation has led to greater clarity in the work, and that children's rights have received a greater focus. The conclusion showed that the state needs to develop guidelines for how the Convention on the Rights of the Child is to be implemented, and that all municipalities receive equal conditions. The study showed a further need to research what changes the implementation has led to in other areas of social services that are not directly aimed at children.

Syftet med denna studie var att beräkna graden av behandlingstrohet för en intervention mot problematisk skolfrånvaro och undersöka dess samband med utfallet, med avseende på skolnärvaro och psykisk ohälsa (ångest och depression). Studien genomfördes som en kvantitativ longitudinell studie baserad på befintliga data. Implementeringsteorin och det konceptuella ramverket Evidens tillämpades. Det visade sig att 73.5 % av behandlingen genomfördes som avsett, vilket indikerar hög behandlingstrohet. Resultaten visade förbättringar i både skolnärvaro och minskad psykisk ohälsa. Däremot observerades en negativ korrelation mellan behandlingstrohet och skolnärvaro, i motsats till studiens hypotes. Sambandet mellan behandlingstrohet och psykisk ohälsa överensstämde dock med förväntningarna, då en ökad behandlingstrohet ledde till minskad psykisk ohälsa. Dessa resultat tyder på behovet av ytterligare forskning om sambandet mellan behandlingstrohet och behandlingsresultat i interventioner mot problematisk skolfrånvaro, samt på behovet av att utvärdera metoder för att mäta behandlingstrohet. / This study aimed to measure treatment fidelity for an intervention targeting problematic school absenteeism and examine its correlation with school attendance and mental health outcomes (anxiety and depression). It was conducted as a quantitative longitudinal study using existing data, and applied implementation theory and the Evidence conceptual framework. It found that 73.5% of the treatment was completed as intended, indicating high fidelity. Results showed improvements in both school attendance and reduced mental health issues. However, a negative correlation was observed between treatment fidelity and school attendance, contrary to the hypothesis. The relationship between treatment fidelity and mental health issues, on the other hand, was in line with expectations, as increased treatment fidelity led to reduced mental health issues. These findings highlight the need for further research on the correlation between treatment fidelity and intervention outcomes for problematic school absenteeism, as well as the need to improve methods for measuring treatment fidelity.

The purpose of this study is to examine and deepen the knowledge of how unit managers are expected to take responsibility for promoting a good work environment by translating the new regulations on organizational and social work environment, in social services in a medium-sized municipality in Southern-Sweden. Method: We have used a qualitative approach as method in this study, with semi-structured interviews as data collection method. To gather empirical material, we chose to interview six unit managers who work in social services. Theory: Our theoretical point have been Implementation theory. We also chose the concepts of learning organizations and competence. Our choice of method and concepts have helped us to examine our-empirical-material. Results: The six different themes, presented in the results of this study, are designed based on the new regulations on organizational and social work environment. The different themes in this study are the following: Competences, goals for the organization and the social work environment, workload, management of working hours, offensive treatment, responsibility and the last theme is competence. Our results indicate that the unit managers are not adequately educated about the new regulations, which in turn leads to the implementation of the regulations as intended. Secondly, our results also show weaknesses in resource allocation.

博士（経済学） / 乙第354号 / 112 p. / Hitotsubashi University

According to the Swedish curriculum for the compulsory school, every teacher has an obligation to differentiate students’ education to promote their development and learning needs. The study carried out in this paper is a qualitative interview study with Swedish teachers that have experience teaching particularly gifted students in mathematics. The study is based on the implementation theory where the aim of the study is to present an overview of different challenges that teachers encounter when trying to implement the decisions made regarding education of gifted students in mathematics. Furthermore, the aim of the study was to see if there were differences, and what those differences were, between the challenges that Swedish teachers mentioned versus the challenges that are acknowledged in previous international research.  A deductive approach is used rooting the analysis in key concepts based on previous research. The key concepts or challenges we found were mathematical competence, student interests and motivations, appropriate challenge for students, inclusion, identification, prioritizing, time, materials, lack of education and collegial cooperation. We found plenty of similarities to the previous research on the area but could however also see tendencies in our study which hasn’t been discussed in the presented previous research. For example, we noticed that teachers in our study mentioned the importance of experience. We also noticed that some of the key challenges from the previous research didn’t seem to be as prominent in this study.

<p>Based on different integration policies, we aim to examine how five municipalities in Stockholm County are working to promote integration at a local level with focus on voter participation and to some extent, representativeness among foreign-born. Statistics provided by SCB shows that foreign-born tends to vote to a lesser extent than those born in Sweden. Further, we aim to examine the implementation of two policy documents established at a national level concerning integration in contrast to policy documents established at a local level in each different municipality. Further, we aim to examine summaries of actions taken in response to the local integration programs, as well as personal interviews. Each municipality will be considered separately, but we thus seek to make a comparative study. The study will be based on a qualitative approach. The implementation process of both central and local policy decisions concerning the promotion of integration will also be discussed in terms of two existing theories of implementation, based on two different perspectives. The result shows that interaction between different participants, such as local officials and politicians, is of importance for the implementation process. All of the studied municipalities have taken some actions in order to implement their goals concerning integration.</p>

Based on different integration policies, we aim to examine how five municipalities in Stockholm County are working to promote integration at a local level with focus on voter participation and to some extent, representativeness among foreign-born. Statistics provided by SCB shows that foreign-born tends to vote to a lesser extent than those born in Sweden. Further, we aim to examine the implementation of two policy documents established at a national level concerning integration in contrast to policy documents established at a local level in each different municipality. Further, we aim to examine summaries of actions taken in response to the local integration programs, as well as personal interviews. Each municipality will be considered separately, but we thus seek to make a comparative study. The study will be based on a qualitative approach. The implementation process of both central and local policy decisions concerning the promotion of integration will also be discussed in terms of two existing theories of implementation, based on two different perspectives. The result shows that interaction between different participants, such as local officials and politicians, is of importance for the implementation process. All of the studied municipalities have taken some actions in order to implement their goals concerning integration.

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