Läsinlärning är en stor del av undervisningen i ett visst stadium. Lärare arbetar med olika läsinlärningsmetoder i undervisningen för att skapa möjlighet för elever att lära sig läsa. Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på lärares uppfattningar om syntetiska och analytiska metoder för elever i förskoleklass och årskurs 1. Syftet besvaras genom följande frågeställningar: Vilka syntetiska och analytiska metoder använder lärare för att utveckla tidig läsinlärning i förskoleklass och årskurs 1? Hur använder lärare syntetiska och analytiska metoder för att utveckla elevernas tidiga läsinlärning? Hur uppfattar lärare att syntetiska och analytiska metoder kan bidra till en utveckling av elevernas läsinlärning? Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ metod där data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex lärare. Teorin som studien har utgått ifrån är sociokulturellt perspektiv. Resultatet redovisas under fem rubriker som är kopplade till studiens syfte: Lärarnas arbete med läsinlärning, den tidiga läsundervisningen, det fortsatta arbetet med läsinlärning, elevers synliga utveckling och elevers motivation och engagemang mot läsutveckling. Resultatet visar att lärarna uppskattar metoderna för elevernas läsinlärning. Lärarna använder modellerna Bornholm, Fonomix, ASL och dialogisk högläsning för att utveckla elevernas läsinlärning och hur de används redogörs i resultatet. Resultatet visar även att eleverna synligt utvecklas i sin läsinlärning och att lärarna uppfattar att motivation behövs för att elever ska komma vidare i sin läsinlärning. / The learning to read process is a major part of the education at a certain stage. Teachers work with different methods to teach students to read, and to create opportunities for reading development. The purpose with this study is to answer which perceptions teachers’ have on synthetic and analytical methods for students in preschool and grade 1. The purpose is answered through the following questions: Which synthetic and analytical methods do teachers use to develop early learning to read in preschool and grade 1? How do teachers use synthetic and analytical methods to develop students early reading? How do the teachers’ perceptions of synthetic and analytical methods contribute to students’ development in the learning to read process? The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with six teachers. The study is based on the sociocultural perspective. The result is reported through five headings that are linked to the purpose of this study: Teachers work with learning to read, the early reading instruction, the following work with learning to read, students’ visible development and students’ motivation and commitment to reading development. The results show that the teachers approve of the methods for students’ development for learning to read. The teachers use the models Bornholm, Fonomix, ASL and dialogical reading to develop students learning to read and how they use them is explained in the results. The results shows that teachers perceptions are that motivation also is needed for students’ development to read.

Att lära sig läsa är en väsentlig del i dagens skola och samhälle. Därför läggs mycket fokus på just läsundervisning i de tidiga åren. Lärares kunskap och didaktik har stor betydelse för att främja elevernas läsinlärning. Det krävs en förståelse för läsprocessens komplexitet och vilka förmågor hos eleverna som är viktiga att utveckla. Följaktligen är studiens syfte att undersöka hur sex lärare på tre olika skolor uppfattar att en god läsundervisning etableras. Undersökningen vill belysa lärarens syn på vilka förmågor som är viktiga att utveckla i den tidiga läsundervisningen, vilka läsinlärningsmetoder som används och hur. Studien tar ansats i den sociokulturella teorin, där den proximala utvecklingszonen stöttar inlärning. Läraren behöver ha läsinlärningskunskaper för att kunna ta reda på var eleven befinner sig i sin utveckling och för att stötta hen vidare till en högre nivå i kunskapstrappan. Undersökningen genomförs med individuella semistrukturerade intervjuer med samtliga lärare. De semistrukturerade intervjuerna används för att samtalet ska vara någorlunda öppet men ändå följa en struktur. Resultatet visade att läsmotivation, avkodning och språkförståelse behövs för en effektiv läsinlärning. I studien framträder flera läsinlärningsmetoder, tre syntetiska och en analytisk. De tre syntetiska metoderna fokuserar mer på avkodning medan den analytiska metoden börjar i förståelsen. Undersökningen visar att det är givande att arbeta med flera metoder eftersom man dels kan anpassa undervisningen på olika nivåer, dels för att de olika metoderna passar olika elever. Genom varierande arbetssätt och läsinlärningsmetoder gynnas fler elever av läsundervisningen, vilket möjliggör att fler barn lär sig läsa. / Learning to read is an essential part of today`s school and society. Therefore, a lot of focus is placed on reading teaching in the early years. Teachers´ knowledge and didactics are great importance in promoting students´ learning to read. It requires an understanding of the complexity of the reading process and which abilities of the student are important to develop. Consequently, the aim of the study is to investigate how six teachers at three different schools perceive that good reading teaching is established. The survey wants to shed light om the teacher`s view of which abilities are important for pupils to develop in early reading teaching, which reading learning methods are used and how. The study takes an approach in the sociocultural theory, where the proximal development zone supports learning. The teacher needs to have reading learning skills to be able to find out where the student is in his development and support him further to a higher level on the knowledge ladder. The survey is carried out with individual semi-structured interviews with all teachers. The semi-structured interviews are used so that the conversation is reasonably open but still follows a structure. The results showed that reading motivation, decoding and language comprehension are needed for effective reading learning. Several reading learning methods appear in the study, three synthetic and one analytic. The three synthetic methods focus more on decoding while the analytical one begins in understanding. The survey shows that it is rewarding to work with several methods, partly because you can adapt the teaching at different levels, partly because the different methods suit different students. By using more varied working methods and reading learning methods, the teaching of reading benefits more students, which enables more children to learn to read.

Dans cette étude, nous analysons dans quelle mesure l’exploitation d’un chant populaire, pourrait aider les élèves francophones dans la lecture de textes en allemand. L’exercice musical peut-il contribuer à faciliter la prononciation des voyelles de la langue allemande et ainsi permettre de remédier aux nombreuses difficultés mentionnées dans la littérature et repérées en classe ? L’expérimentation décrite ici a été menée dans une classe bilingue de Strasbourg. Vingt élèves d’une même classe ont été répartis en deux groupes. Le premier groupe avait pour objectif l’apprentissage de la chanson « La Belle au Bois Dormant » tandis que le deuxième s’est focalisé sur la lecture et la compréhension du même texte, sans usage du chant. Les sujets ont été enregistrés pendant la lecture du texte en amont (test T1) et en aval (test T2) de l’expérimentation. Nous avons également examiné l’impact d’un support multimédia élaboré en 2008. Cet outil est supposé pouvoir constituer une aide à l’apprentissage de la lecture par le biais d’exercices adaptés et d’une version chantée dite « karaoké ». La spécificité des résultats des tests T1 et T2 dans chacun des groupes (éléments musicaux, accents d’intensité, premiers et seconds formants) ainsi que la comparaison de deux séquences incluant /a/ d’une part et /a:/ d’autre part, confortent les hypothèses issues de la psycholinguistique, des neurosciences, de la sociolinguistique et de la pédagogie ainsi que d’expériences antérieures : la musique a effectivement un impact sur la qualité vocalique d’une langue accentuelle comme l’allemand. / In this research, we try to analyse how a popular lullaby could be helpful for 7 years-old French pupils while reading German texts. Could musical entertainment enhance the abilities to pronounce more successfully the vowels of German and also to avoid many of current difficulties described by many authors and observed at school?The experimentation we describe here was achieved in a bilingual class in Strasbourg. Twenty learners were divided into 2 groups. The 1st group had to learn the song about the story of “The Sleeping Beauty”, whereas the other group had to understand and read the same text, but without singing it. The subjects were recorded while reading the text of the song before the experimentation (test T1) and a few days after the end of the experimentation (test T2). We also examined the role of multimedia material developed in 2008 and containing a karaoke version of the song and exercises meant to facilitate learning to read. The specificity of T1 and T2 in each group (musical features, accentuation, formant frequencies) and the comparison of two similar sequences containing /a/ on the one hand and /a:/ on the other hand, lead us to the conclusion that, as predicted from theories in psycholinguistics, neurosciences, sociolinguistics, pedagogy and previous experiences, music definitely has an effect upon the quality of vowel pronunciation of a specific stress-timed language like German (L2).

O problema que deu origem a essa investigação foi o conflito resultante do descompasso entre opções teóricas conscientes e a prática de ensino que conseguíamos efetivamente implementar, ao assumirmos aulas de Língua Portuguesa para turmas do ciclo II do Ensino Fundamental, em uma escola pública estadual, logo após a conclusão do mestrado em Educação. No intuito de priorizarmos práticas que favorecessem a formação de alunos leitores e produtores de textos, e não apenas copistas e decifradores, verificávamos a interferência de diversos aspectos que repercutiam negativamente em nossa prática. Assim, partindo do pressuposto de que o desenvolvimento dessas capacidades requer um ensino deliberado e contínuo ao longo de toda a escolaridade básica, por professores de diferentes disciplinas, propusemo-nos a buscar respostas para as seguintes questões: qual a natureza das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos professores ao buscarem promover a aprendizagem dos seus alunos? Que contingências relacionadas ao ensino da leitura e da escrita, deliberado ou não, estão presentes no trabalho do professor da escola pública, facilitando ou dificultando os processos de ensino e aprendizagem? Para responder a essas questões, empreendemos um estudo situado no paradigma da pesquisa qualitativa em educação, empregando, em algumas etapas, procedimentos inspirados na etnografia educacional (Ezpeleta e Rockwell, 1986; Fonseca, 1998; Erickson, 1989). A análise dos dados fundamentou-se em um critério essencialmente semântico, à luz de parâmetros da análise do conteúdo (Bardin, 1978). Os trabalhos de Tiramonti (2005), Azanha (1990, 2004), Souza (2002, 2006) e Lapo (2005), entre outros autores, subsidiaram teoricamente a nossa investigação, na medida em que propõem considerar aspectos do contexto mais amplo em que atuam os professores, focalizando situações concretas das quais emergem fontes de mal-estar e de bem-estar docente que intervêm em suas práticas. Os dados indicaram que o contexto da sala de aula não é, muitas vezes, propício ao trabalho cotidiano focado em práticas de leitura e produção de texto, em função de diversos fatores: número elevado de alunos, dificuldade de acompanhamento particularizado desses alunos pelos professores; necessidade de gerir demandas individuais e coletivas do grupo; dificuldades inerentes à manutenção de certa ordem que permita a realização de atividades complexas e significativas na sala de aula; interesses pessoais divergentes e por vezes conflitantes; recursos materiais às vezes escassos ou precários; tempo acelerado para gerir inúmeros procedimentos cotidianos, que acabam ocupando grande parte do tempo das aulas em questões não diretamente relacionadas ao ensino e aprendizagem dos conteúdos, entre uma infinidade de outros fatores. Além de questões de ordem objetiva, interferem também nas situações concretas de sala de aula aspectos de ordem subjetiva, que envolvem conhecimentos e características pessoais dos docentes, seus valores, crenças, necessidades e desejos, os quais determinam maneiras muito peculiares de avaliar o contexto, agir e reagir às contingências cotidianas. Todos esses elementos precisam ser considerados quando se propõem ações de melhoria da educação pública. É preciso, pois, relativizar as expectativas quanto ao papel da escola e dos professores, que parecem superestimadas no conjunto de ações que a sociedade precisa implementar para que a qualidade do ensino melhore de modo significativo. / The problem that gave rise to this investigation was the conflict resulting from the dissonance between theoretical conscious options and the teaching practice that we have actually managed to implement when we took over the Portuguese Language classes for Cycle II groups of Brazilian Middle School at a state public school, soon after completing the Masters Degree in Education. Aimed at prioritizing practices that would favor the education of text readers and producers, not just copyists and decoders, we verified the interference of many aspects that had a negative impact on our practice. Thus, starting from the premise that the development of such skills requires a deliberate and continuous teaching during the whole basic education by teachers of different subjects, we have proposed to look after the answers for the following questions: what is the nature of the difficulties faced by teachers when trying to promote their students learning? Which contingencies related to teach reading and writing, deliberate or not, are present in the work of public school teachers, making the teaching and learning processes easy or difficult? To answer such questions, we undertook a study within the paradigm of the qualitative research in education, using, in some steps, procedures inspired in the educational ethnography (Ezpeleta and Rockwell, 1986; Fonseca, 1998; Erickson, 1989). The data analysis was grounded on essentially semantic criteria, in the light of content analysis parameters (Bardin, 1978). The works of Tiramonti (2005), Azanha (1990, 2004), Souza (2002, 2006) and Lapo (2005), among other authors, gave theoretical support to our investigation, insofar they propose to consider aspects of the broader context where teachers act, focusing on concrete situations from which sources of teachers uneasiness and easiness emerge that intervene in their practices. Data indicated that the classroom context is often not proper for the everyday work focused on the practices of reading and producing texts, in view of many factors: high number of students, difficulty of individualized follow-up of these students by teachers; need of managing the groups individual and collective demands; difficulties inherent to maintaining a certain order that allows performing complex and meaningful activities in classroom; divergent and often conflicting personal interests; sometimes scarce or precarious material resources; having to rush to manage multiple everyday tasks that eventually take large amount of class time in issues not directly related to teaching and learning of contents, among a multitude of other factors. Besides questions of objective order, aspects of subjective order do also interfere with concrete classroom situations, which involve knowledge and personal characteristics of teachers, their values, beliefs, needs and desires, which determine very peculiar ways of evaluating the context, acting and reacting to everyday contingencies. All these elements must be considered when improvement actions in public education are proposed. Thus, it is necessary to frame the expectations as to the role of school and teachers, which seem to be overestimated in the set of actions that the society must implement so that there is significant improvement in the teaching quality.

This is a study of how four teachers work with pupils’ early literacy learning. Interviews were conducted with two teachers who chose to use a specific method, Writing to Read (WTR), for teaching pupils to read, and with two teachers who had not chosen a specific method. The aim of the study was to compare how the teachers worked, their motives for their choice of method, and the ideas the teachers have about early literacy learning. To see whether the teachers’ choice of method was related to the individualization of the teaching and their views of pupils’ learning in interaction, Vygotsky’s theories about children’s learning have been used. The result shows that there are both similarities and differences in the teachers’ reasons for their choice of method. Those who use WTR say that they do so to be able to individualize the teaching, while the teachers who do not use a specific method use the same arguments. There is a difference in whether the teachers aim for structured or unstructured teaching, regardless of the choice of method. Several parallels to Vygotsky’s theories were found, in that all four teachers, irrespective of method, think that their teaching should be characterized by interaction and individualization.

O problema que deu origem a essa investigação foi o conflito resultante do descompasso entre opções teóricas conscientes e a prática de ensino que conseguíamos efetivamente implementar, ao assumirmos aulas de Língua Portuguesa para turmas do ciclo II do Ensino Fundamental, em uma escola pública estadual, logo após a conclusão do mestrado em Educação. No intuito de priorizarmos práticas que favorecessem a formação de alunos leitores e produtores de textos, e não apenas copistas e decifradores, verificávamos a interferência de diversos aspectos que repercutiam negativamente em nossa prática. Assim, partindo do pressuposto de que o desenvolvimento dessas capacidades requer um ensino deliberado e contínuo ao longo de toda a escolaridade básica, por professores de diferentes disciplinas, propusemo-nos a buscar respostas para as seguintes questões: qual a natureza das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos professores ao buscarem promover a aprendizagem dos seus alunos? Que contingências relacionadas ao ensino da leitura e da escrita, deliberado ou não, estão presentes no trabalho do professor da escola pública, facilitando ou dificultando os processos de ensino e aprendizagem? Para responder a essas questões, empreendemos um estudo situado no paradigma da pesquisa qualitativa em educação, empregando, em algumas etapas, procedimentos inspirados na etnografia educacional (Ezpeleta e Rockwell, 1986; Fonseca, 1998; Erickson, 1989). A análise dos dados fundamentou-se em um critério essencialmente semântico, à luz de parâmetros da análise do conteúdo (Bardin, 1978). Os trabalhos de Tiramonti (2005), Azanha (1990, 2004), Souza (2002, 2006) e Lapo (2005), entre outros autores, subsidiaram teoricamente a nossa investigação, na medida em que propõem considerar aspectos do contexto mais amplo em que atuam os professores, focalizando situações concretas das quais emergem fontes de mal-estar e de bem-estar docente que intervêm em suas práticas. Os dados indicaram que o contexto da sala de aula não é, muitas vezes, propício ao trabalho cotidiano focado em práticas de leitura e produção de texto, em função de diversos fatores: número elevado de alunos, dificuldade de acompanhamento particularizado desses alunos pelos professores; necessidade de gerir demandas individuais e coletivas do grupo; dificuldades inerentes à manutenção de certa ordem que permita a realização de atividades complexas e significativas na sala de aula; interesses pessoais divergentes e por vezes conflitantes; recursos materiais às vezes escassos ou precários; tempo acelerado para gerir inúmeros procedimentos cotidianos, que acabam ocupando grande parte do tempo das aulas em questões não diretamente relacionadas ao ensino e aprendizagem dos conteúdos, entre uma infinidade de outros fatores. Além de questões de ordem objetiva, interferem também nas situações concretas de sala de aula aspectos de ordem subjetiva, que envolvem conhecimentos e características pessoais dos docentes, seus valores, crenças, necessidades e desejos, os quais determinam maneiras muito peculiares de avaliar o contexto, agir e reagir às contingências cotidianas. Todos esses elementos precisam ser considerados quando se propõem ações de melhoria da educação pública. É preciso, pois, relativizar as expectativas quanto ao papel da escola e dos professores, que parecem superestimadas no conjunto de ações que a sociedade precisa implementar para que a qualidade do ensino melhore de modo significativo. / The problem that gave rise to this investigation was the conflict resulting from the dissonance between theoretical conscious options and the teaching practice that we have actually managed to implement when we took over the Portuguese Language classes for Cycle II groups of Brazilian Middle School at a state public school, soon after completing the Masters Degree in Education. Aimed at prioritizing practices that would favor the education of text readers and producers, not just copyists and decoders, we verified the interference of many aspects that had a negative impact on our practice. Thus, starting from the premise that the development of such skills requires a deliberate and continuous teaching during the whole basic education by teachers of different subjects, we have proposed to look after the answers for the following questions: what is the nature of the difficulties faced by teachers when trying to promote their students learning? Which contingencies related to teach reading and writing, deliberate or not, are present in the work of public school teachers, making the teaching and learning processes easy or difficult? To answer such questions, we undertook a study within the paradigm of the qualitative research in education, using, in some steps, procedures inspired in the educational ethnography (Ezpeleta and Rockwell, 1986; Fonseca, 1998; Erickson, 1989). The data analysis was grounded on essentially semantic criteria, in the light of content analysis parameters (Bardin, 1978). The works of Tiramonti (2005), Azanha (1990, 2004), Souza (2002, 2006) and Lapo (2005), among other authors, gave theoretical support to our investigation, insofar they propose to consider aspects of the broader context where teachers act, focusing on concrete situations from which sources of teachers uneasiness and easiness emerge that intervene in their practices. Data indicated that the classroom context is often not proper for the everyday work focused on the practices of reading and producing texts, in view of many factors: high number of students, difficulty of individualized follow-up of these students by teachers; need of managing the groups individual and collective demands; difficulties inherent to maintaining a certain order that allows performing complex and meaningful activities in classroom; divergent and often conflicting personal interests; sometimes scarce or precarious material resources; having to rush to manage multiple everyday tasks that eventually take large amount of class time in issues not directly related to teaching and learning of contents, among a multitude of other factors. Besides questions of objective order, aspects of subjective order do also interfere with concrete classroom situations, which involve knowledge and personal characteristics of teachers, their values, beliefs, needs and desires, which determine very peculiar ways of evaluating the context, acting and reacting to everyday contingencies. All these elements must be considered when improvement actions in public education are proposed. Thus, it is necessary to frame the expectations as to the role of school and teachers, which seem to be overestimated in the set of actions that the society must implement so that there is significant improvement in the teaching quality.

This study investigates how four teachers working in preschool class–grade 3 perceive the concept of phonological awareness, how they work to stimulate this awareness and whether they see any change over time. Four teachers were interviewed and turned out to have different perceptions of what phonological awareness is. The interviewed teachers obtained their teaching certificates in different years, which can explain the differences in their knowledge and use of the concept. Half of them worked according to the Bornholm model, which is based on phonological awareness. Those who said that they worked more according to the Whole Language and LTG method nevertheless sometimes used rhymes and chants and language exercises, mostly because they appreciated the playfulness and pleasure of these exercises. Through in-service training and contact with other teachers, the interviewed teachers have become increasingly interested in the concept of phonological awareness.

Syftet med undersökningen är att söka svar på hur yrkesverksamma lärare inom skolans tidi-gare åldrar åk.1–3 arbetar med läsinlärning. Jag vill även undersöka vilka läsinlärningsme-toder lärarna använder i undervisningen samt vilka faktorer som påverkat dessa lärares val av läsinlärningsmetoder.  Min undersökning består av sex semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med lärare, all verksamma inom samma mellansvenska kommun.  Flera intressanta aspekter har framkommit genom undersökningen. Bland annat att ingen av de intervjuade lärarna använder sig av en enda renodlad metod. Istället blandar de och tar ”det bästa” från olika metoder samt anpassar sitt arbetssätt delvis efter den barngrupp de arbe-tar med. Faktorer som påverkat lärarnas val av läsinlärningsmetoder är exempelvis trender, erfarna kollegor och kommunalt inflytande. / The aim of this study has been to find answers as to how primary teachers in the early ages (grades 1–3) help children in the process of learning to read. I also wanted to investigate wich methods teachers use in teaching their students in learning to read. My interest also lies in what has affected the teachers choice of reading methods.  My study is based on six semistructured qualitative interviews with teachers, who all work in the same town, but in different schools.  Several interesting aspects emerged from the interviews. For example, none of the teachers use only one reading method. The mix and match and adapt their teaching according to their class and preconditions. Factors that have influenced their choice of method is, among other things, trends older colleges and municipal influence.

Den digitala tidsåldern förändrar samhället. Ny teknik ger möjligheter att framställa och organisera kunskap på nya sätt. Tekniken som finns i skolan i dag, kan även utnyttjas till att optimera lästräningen till elever med lässvårigheter. Denna avhandling undersöker hur ett digitalt läromedel för läsinlärning för barn med lässvårigheter kan designas och implementeras, och visar att detta är möjligt att genomföra. Ett digitalt läromedel av bra kvalitet måste utgå ifrån en vetenskapligt vedertagen läsinlärningsmetod. Denna avhandling utgår ifrån Gunnel Wendicks modell, som redan används av många specialpedagoger. Modellen används dock i sin ursprungsform, med papperslistor med ord, utan datorer, surfplattor eller liknande. Vi analyserar Wendick-modellen, och tillämpar den på ett kreativt sätt för att designa en digital motsvarighet till det ursprungliga arbetssättet. Vårt mål är att skapa ett digitalt läromedel som implementerar Wendick-modellen, och på så sätt göra det möjligt att modellen används på olika smarta enheter. Med detta hoppas vi kunna underlätta arbetet både för specialpedagoger och barn med lässvårigheter, samt göra rutinerna mer tilltalande och kreativa. I vår studie undersöker vi olika tekniska möjligheter för att implementera Wendick-modellen. Vi väljer att skapa en prototyp av en webbapplikation, med passande funktionalitet för både administratörer, specialpedagoger och elever. Prototypens funktionalitet kan delas upp i två delar, den administrativa delen och övningsdelen. Den administrativa delen omfattar användargränssnitt och funktionalitet för hantering av elever och andra relevanta uppgifter. Övningsdelen omfattar övningsvyer och deras funktionalitet. Övningarnas funktionalitet är tänkt för att träna den auditiva kanalen, den fonologiska avkodningen - med målet att läsa rätt, samt den ortografiska avkodningen - med målet att eleven ska automatisera sin avkodning, d.v.s. att uppfatta orden som en bild. I utvecklandet av det digitala läromedlet används beprövade principer inom mjukvaruteknik och beprövade implementationstekniker. Man sammanställer högnivåkrav, modellerar domänen och definierar passande användningsfall. För att implementera applikationen används Java EE plattform, Web speech API, Primefaces specifikationer, och annat. Vår prototyp är en bra början som inspirerar till vidare utveckling, med förhoppning om att en fullständig webapplikation ska skapas, som ska förändra arbetssättet i våra skolor. / The digital age is changing society. New technology provides opportunities to produce and organize knowledge in new ways. The technology available in schools today can also be used to optimize literacy training for students with reading difficulties. This thesis examines how a digital teaching material for literacy training for children with reading difficulties can be designed and implemented, and shows that this is possible to achieve. A digital learning material of good quality should be based on a scientifically accepted method of literacy training. This thesis uses Gunnel Wendick’s training model which is already used by many special education teachers. The training model is used with word lists, without computers, tablets or the like. We analyze Wendick’s training model and employ it, in a creative way, to design a digital equivalent to the original model. Our goal is to create a digital learning material that implements Wendick’s training model, and thus make it possible to use in various smart devices. With this we hope to facilitate the work of both the special education teachers and children with reading difficulties and to make the procedures more appealing and creative. In our study, we examine various technical possibilities to implement Wendick’s training model. We choose to create a prototype of a web application, with suitable functionality for both administrators, special education teachers and students. The prototype’s functionality can be divided into two parts, the administrative part and the exercise part. The administrative part covers the user interface and functionality for handling students and other relevant data. The exercise part includes training views and their functionality. The functionality of the exercises is intended to train the auditory channel, the phonological awarenesswith the goal of reading accurately, and the orthographic decoding - with the goal that students should automate their decoding, that is, to perceive the words as an image. In the development of the digital teaching material, we used proven principles in software technologies and proven implementation techniques. It compiles high-level requirements, the domain model and defines the appropriate use cases. To implement the application, we used the Java EE platform, Web Speech API, Prime Faces specifications, and more. Our prototype is a good start to inspire further development, with the hope that a full web application will be created, that will transform the practices in our schools.

Den här studien behandlar hur lärare arbetar med olika didaktiska metoder för elevers läsinlärning. Syftet är att utreda vilken eller vilka läsinlärningsmetoder 24 verksamma F-3 lärare i Sverige säger sig använda samt om de upplever sig besitta tillräcklig kunskap om vald metod och hur de har fått kunskap om den eller dem. Frågeställningarna är således: vilken didaktisk metod använder lärare vid läsinlärning i yngre åldrar? Upplever lärarna sig ha tillräcklig kunskap om vald metod/metoder? Vad uppger lärarna om på vilket sätt de har tillägnat sig denna kunskap? Metodansatsen för studien är kvalitativ då tidigare forskning om läsinlärning har satts i kontext med insamlad empiri i form av enkätundersökning och intervjuer. Respondenterna är avidentifierade och anonymiserade för att dessa inte ska spåras. Resultatet av enkätundersökningen och intervjuerna visar att lärarna som deltog kombinerar olika didaktiska metoder för att öka elevers läsinlärningsprogression. Resultatet visar även att lärare säger sig ha kunskaper om metoderna de använder, dock vill majoriteten av respondenterna utveckla sina kunskaper genom kompetensutveckling. En annan faktor är även vikten av att föra reflekterande samtal med kollegor för att öka sina egna kunskaper och professionen i läraryrket. Slutsatsen är således att lärarna i studien gör medvetna val av didaktiska metoder och de besitter kunskaper kring metoderna.