Global ETD Search

1491	Temporal Variations in the Compliance of Gas Hydrate Formations Roach, Lisa Aretha Nyala 20 March 2014 (has links) Seafloor compliance is a non-intrusive geophysical method sensitive to the shear modulus of the sediments below the seafloor. A compliance analysis requires the computation of the frequency dependent transfer function between the vertical stress, produced at the seafloor by the ultra low frequency passive source-infra-gravity waves, and the resulting displacement, related to velocity through the frequency. The displacement of the ocean floor is dependent on the elastic structure of the sediments and the compliance function is tuned to different depths, i.e., a change in the elastic parameters at a given depth is sensed by the compliance function at a particular frequency. In a gas hydrate system, the magnitude of the stiffness is a measure of the quantity of gas hydrates present. Gas hydrates contain immense stores of greenhouse gases making them relevant to climate change science, and represent an important potential alternative source of energy. Bullseye Vent is a gas hydrate system located in an area that has been intensively studied for over 2 decades and research results suggest that this system is evolving over time. A partnership with NEPTUNE Canada allowed for the investigation of this possible evolution. This thesis describes a compliance experiment configured for NEPTUNE Canada’s seafloor observatory and its failure. It also describes the use of 203 days of simultaneously logged pressure and velocity time-series data, measured by a Scripps differential pressure gauge, and a Güralp CMG-1T broadband seismometer on NEPTUNE Canada’s seismic station, respectively, to evaluate variations in sediment stiffness near Bullseye. The evaluation resulted in a (- 4.49 x10-3± 3.52 x 10-3) % change of the transfer function of 3rd October, 2010 and represents a 2.88% decrease in the stiffness of the sediments over the period. This thesis also outlines a new algorithm for calculating the static compliance of isotropic layered sediments. SEAFLOOR COMPLIANCE GAS HYDRATES BULLSEYE VENT TREND ANALYSIS SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS EIGENPARAMETER ANALYSIS HYDRATE MASS VARIATION LONG TERM TRENDS IN HYDRATE MASS MODIFIED YORK METHOD MARINE GEOPHYISCS MARINE SEDIMENT NEPTUNE CANADA SHEAR MODULUS GAS HYDRATE CONCENTRATIONS CASCADIA MARGIN MARINE GAS HYDRATES INFRA-GRAVITY WAVES SEISMOMETERS SCRIPPS DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE GAUGE SCRIPPS DPG ODP SITE 889 BROADBAND SEISMOMETER gPhone DGP calibration Bottom Pressure Recorder Guralp CGM-1T Coherence transfer function bounds f-test bootstrapping wave propagation matrix static solution ocean bottom seismometer tsunami earthquakes Modified York least squares temporal variations linear trend in gas hydrates Power spectral densities 1D compliance solution 1D compliance algorithm seafloor compliance instrumentation Micro-g gravitimeter triple phase boundary equation ultra-low frequency seismics seafloor pressure spectrum seafloor gravity spectrum pacific ocean off-shore British Columbia seafloor observatory static compliance of layered structures geophysics gas hydrate characterization 0373
1492	Temporal Variations in the Compliance of Gas Hydrate Formations Roach, Lisa Aretha Nyala 20 March 2014 (has links) Seafloor compliance is a non-intrusive geophysical method sensitive to the shear modulus of the sediments below the seafloor. A compliance analysis requires the computation of the frequency dependent transfer function between the vertical stress, produced at the seafloor by the ultra low frequency passive source-infra-gravity waves, and the resulting displacement, related to velocity through the frequency. The displacement of the ocean floor is dependent on the elastic structure of the sediments and the compliance function is tuned to different depths, i.e., a change in the elastic parameters at a given depth is sensed by the compliance function at a particular frequency. In a gas hydrate system, the magnitude of the stiffness is a measure of the quantity of gas hydrates present. Gas hydrates contain immense stores of greenhouse gases making them relevant to climate change science, and represent an important potential alternative source of energy. Bullseye Vent is a gas hydrate system located in an area that has been intensively studied for over 2 decades and research results suggest that this system is evolving over time. A partnership with NEPTUNE Canada allowed for the investigation of this possible evolution. This thesis describes a compliance experiment configured for NEPTUNE Canada’s seafloor observatory and its failure. It also describes the use of 203 days of simultaneously logged pressure and velocity time-series data, measured by a Scripps differential pressure gauge, and a Güralp CMG-1T broadband seismometer on NEPTUNE Canada’s seismic station, respectively, to evaluate variations in sediment stiffness near Bullseye. The evaluation resulted in a (- 4.49 x10-3± 3.52 x 10-3) % change of the transfer function of 3rd October, 2010 and represents a 2.88% decrease in the stiffness of the sediments over the period. This thesis also outlines a new algorithm for calculating the static compliance of isotropic layered sediments. SEAFLOOR COMPLIANCE GAS HYDRATES BULLSEYE VENT TREND ANALYSIS SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS EIGENPARAMETER ANALYSIS HYDRATE MASS VARIATION LONG TERM TRENDS IN HYDRATE MASS MODIFIED YORK METHOD MARINE GEOPHYISCS MARINE SEDIMENT NEPTUNE CANADA SHEAR MODULUS GAS HYDRATE CONCENTRATIONS CASCADIA MARGIN MARINE GAS HYDRATES INFRA-GRAVITY WAVES SEISMOMETERS SCRIPPS DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE GAUGE SCRIPPS DPG ODP SITE 889 BROADBAND SEISMOMETER gPhone DGP calibration Bottom Pressure Recorder Guralp CGM-1T Coherence transfer function bounds f-test bootstrapping wave propagation matrix static solution ocean bottom seismometer tsunami earthquakes Modified York least squares temporal variations linear trend in gas hydrates Power spectral densities 1D compliance solution 1D compliance algorithm seafloor compliance instrumentation Micro-g gravitimeter triple phase boundary equation ultra-low frequency seismics seafloor pressure spectrum seafloor gravity spectrum pacific ocean off-shore British Columbia seafloor observatory static compliance of layered structures geophysics gas hydrate characterization 0373
1493	Two principles of justice in the philosophy of John Rawls and libertarian critique of Robert Nozick Syla, Driton 07 1900 (has links) No description available. La justice comme l’équité La distribution de la justice La théorie de la justice L’utilitarisme Le libertarisme Le libéralisme La théorie politique libérale Les principes de justice Les deux principes de justice Le principe d’utilité moyenne L’ordre lexical Le moins favorisé La règle de dichotomie La position initiale La voile d’ignorance Les principes pour les institutions La distribution des biens L’État L’idée du bien La moralité Les arguments positifs et négatifs La critique de Nozick des principes La durabilité des principes Justice as fairness Distribution of justice Theory of justice Utilitarianism Libertarianism Liberalism Liberal political theory Principles of justice Two principles of justice Principle of the average utility Lexical order Least advantaged Dichotomy rule Original position Veil of ignorance Principles for institutions Distribution of goods State Idea of good Morality Negative and positive arguments Nozick’s critiques of the principles Philosophy / Philosophie (UMI : 0422)
1494	Grundlagen der Elasto-Plastizität in Creo Simulate - Theorie und Anwendung / Basics of Elasto-Plasticity in Creo Simulate - Theory and Application Jakel, Roland 10 May 2012 (has links) Der Vortrag beschreibt die Grundlagen der Elasto-Plastizität sowie die softwaretechnische Anwendung mit dem FEM-Programm Creo Simulate bzw. Pro/MECHANICA von PTC. Der erste Teil des Vortrages beschreibt die Charakteristika plastischen Verhaltens, unterschiedliche plastische Materialgesetze, Fließkriterien bei mehrachsiger Beanspruchung und unterschiedliche Verfestigungsmodelle. Im zweiten Vortragsteil werden Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Berechnung elasto-plastischer Probleme mit der Software dargestellt sowie Anwendungstipps gegeben. Im dritten Vortragsteil schließlich werden verschiedene Beispiele vorgestellt, davon besonders ausführlich das Verhalten einer einachsigen elasto-plastischen Zugprobe vor und nach dem Eintreten der Einschnürdehnung. / This presentation describes the basics of elasto-plasticity and its application with the finite element software Creo Simulate (formerly Pro/MECHANICA) from PTC. The first part describes the characteristics of plastic behavior, different plastic material laws, yield criteria for multiaxial stress states and different hardening models. In the second part, the opportunities and limitations of analyzing elasto-plastic problems with the FEM-code are described and user information is provided. The last part finally presents different examples. Deeply treated is the behavior of a uniaxial tensile test specimen before and after elongation with necking appears. info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/629 ddc:629
1495	Homology modeling and structural analysis of the antipsychotic drugs receptorome López Muñoz, Laura 22 June 2010 (has links) Classically it was assumed that the compounds with therapeutic effect exert their action interacting with a single receptor. Nowadays it is widely recognized that the pharmacological effect of most drugs is more complex and involves a set of receptors, some associated to their positive effects and some others to the side effects and toxicity. Antipsychotic drugs are an example of effective compounds characterized by a complex pharmacological profile binding to several receptors (mainly G protein-coupled-receptors, GPCR). In this work we will present a detailed study of known antipsychotic drugs and the receptors potentially involved in their binding profile, in order to understand the molecular mechanisms of the antipsychotic pharmacologic effects.The study started with obtaining homology models for all the receptors putatively involved in the antipsychotic drugs receptorome, suitable for building consistent drug-receptor complexes. These complexes were structurally analyzed and compared using multivariate statistical methods, which in turn allowed the identification of the relationship between the pharmacological properties of the antipsychotic drugs and the structural differences in the receptor targets. The results can be exploited for the design of safer and more effective antipsychotic drugs with an optimum binding profile. / Tradicionalmente se asumía que los fármacos terapéuticamente efectivos actuaban interaccionando con un único receptor. Actualmente está ampliamente reconocido que el efecto farmacológico de la mayoría de los fármacos es más complejo y abarca a un conjunto de receptores, algunos asociados a los efectos terapéuticos y otros a los secundarios y toxicidad. Los fármacos antipsicóticos son un ejemplo de compuestos eficaces que se caracterizan por unirse a varios receptores simultáneamente (principalmente a receptores unidos a proteína G, GPCR). El trabajo de la presente tesis se ha centrado en el estudio de los mecanismos moleculares que determinan el perfil de afinidad de unión por múltiples receptores de los fármacos antipsicóticos.En primer lugar se construyeron modelos de homología para todos los receptores potencialmente implicados en la actividad farmacológica de dichos fármacos, usando una metodología adecuada para construir complejos fármaco-receptor consistentes. La estructura de estos complejos fue analizada y se llevó a cabo una comparación mediante métodos estadísticos multivariantes, que permitió la identificación de asociaciones entre la actividad farmacológica de los fármacos antipsicóticos y diferencias estructurales de los receptores diana. Los resultados obtenidos tienen interés para ser explotados en el diseño de fármacos antipsicóticos con un perfil farmacológico óptimo, más seguros y eficaces. Receptor 5-HT2A Receptor D3 Receptor D2 Ligando Clozapina Derivados Benzofuranonas Risperidona Olanzapina esquizofrenia métodos de regresión campos de interacción Molecular (MIF) Perfil Multireceptorial modelado por homología Docking sitio de unión interacciones moleculares selectividad afinidad de unión Diana Meta-Diana efectos secundarios fármaco antipsicótico típico fármaco antipsicótico atípico agonista antagonista membrana receptoroma rhodopsina estructura de rayos X descriptores moleculares farmacología análisis multivariante procedimiento integrado Computer-aided drug design Integrated approach Multivariate analysis Pharmacology Molecular descriptors X-ray structure Rhodopsin Receptorome Membrane Antagonist Agonist Atypical antipsychotic drug Typical antipsychotic drug Side effects Off-target Target Selectivity Binding affinity Molecular interactions Binding site Homology modeling Docking Multireceptor profile Molecular interaction Field (MIF) Partial Least Squares (PLS) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Schizophrenia Benzolactam Derivatives Benzofuranone Derivatives Risperidone Olanzapine Clozapine Ligand Adrenergic receptors Muscarinic receptors Histamine receptors Serotonin receptors Dopamine receptors beta2-Adrenergic receptor D2 receptor D3 receptor 5-HT2A receptor G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) 57
1496	Highway Development Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Analysis, Critique and Advancement El-Khatib, Mayar January 2010 (has links) While decision-making under uncertainty is a major universal problem, its implications in the field of transportation systems are especially enormous; where the benefits of right decisions are tremendous, the consequences of wrong ones are potentially disastrous. In the realm of highway systems, decisions related to the highway configuration (number of lanes, right of way, etc.) need to incorporate both the traffic demand and land price uncertainties. In the literature, these uncertainties have generally been modeled using the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process, which has been used extensively in modeling many other real life phenomena. But few scholars, including those who used the GBM in highway configuration decisions, have offered any rigorous justification for the use of this model. This thesis attempts to offer a detailed analysis of various aspects of transportation systems in relation to decision-making. It reveals some general insights as well as a new concept that extends the notion of opportunity cost to situations where wrong decisions could be made. Claiming deficiency of the GBM model, it also introduces a new formulation that utilizes a large and flexible parametric family of jump models (i.e., Lévy processes). To validate this claim, data related to traffic demand and land prices were collected and analyzed to reveal that their distributions, heavy-tailed and asymmetric, do not match well with the GBM model. As a remedy, this research used the Merton, Kou, and negative inverse Gaussian Lévy processes as possible alternatives. Though the results show indifference in relation to final decisions among the models, mathematically, they improve the precision of uncertainty models and the decision-making process. This furthers the quest for optimality in highway projects and beyond. highway development decision making under uncertainty real options jump processes infinitely divisible distributions Lévy processes measure theory characteristic function characteristic exponent Lévy jump measure probability measure cádlág stochastic process Wiener process Poisson process compound Poisson process finite activity models jump diffusion models Merton model Gaussian jump process Kou model double exponential jump process leptokurtic volatility smile infinite activity models pure jumps process generalized hyperbolic model modified Bessel function negative inverse Gaussian model geometric Brownian motion model log-normal distribution model normality assumption heavy-tailed distribution asymmetric distribution quantile-quantile plot Rydberg algorithm parameter calibration moments cummulants sum of squares Monte Carlo simulation least-squares regression backward dynamic programming discrete-time Markov chain land price traffic demand highway service quality index data collection traffic volume Annual Average Daily Traffic Ontario Ministry of Transportation Land Registry Office Freedom of Information Act seasonality value of transportation types of transportation systems importance of highway systems cost of wrong decisions monetary cost private sector cost human cost land expropriation environmental cost irreversibility cost factor time cost factor political cost factor opportunity cost opportunity cost of wrong decisions economic cost of wrong decisions economic cost of mis-estimation economic profit of wrong decisions cost of inaction price of making right decisions scope of decisions rehabilitation decision land acquisition decision expansion decision uncertainty modeling land acquisition cost expropriation cost construction cost material cost Montréal-Mirabel International Airport Pickering Airport 407 Express Toll Route Highway 407 Statistics
1497	Highway Development Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Analysis, Critique and Advancement El-Khatib, Mayar January 2010 (has links) While decision-making under uncertainty is a major universal problem, its implications in the field of transportation systems are especially enormous; where the benefits of right decisions are tremendous, the consequences of wrong ones are potentially disastrous. In the realm of highway systems, decisions related to the highway configuration (number of lanes, right of way, etc.) need to incorporate both the traffic demand and land price uncertainties. In the literature, these uncertainties have generally been modeled using the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process, which has been used extensively in modeling many other real life phenomena. But few scholars, including those who used the GBM in highway configuration decisions, have offered any rigorous justification for the use of this model. This thesis attempts to offer a detailed analysis of various aspects of transportation systems in relation to decision-making. It reveals some general insights as well as a new concept that extends the notion of opportunity cost to situations where wrong decisions could be made. Claiming deficiency of the GBM model, it also introduces a new formulation that utilizes a large and flexible parametric family of jump models (i.e., Lévy processes). To validate this claim, data related to traffic demand and land prices were collected and analyzed to reveal that their distributions, heavy-tailed and asymmetric, do not match well with the GBM model. As a remedy, this research used the Merton, Kou, and negative inverse Gaussian Lévy processes as possible alternatives. Though the results show indifference in relation to final decisions among the models, mathematically, they improve the precision of uncertainty models and the decision-making process. This furthers the quest for optimality in highway projects and beyond. highway development decision making under uncertainty real options jump processes infinitely divisible distributions Lévy processes measure theory characteristic function characteristic exponent Lévy jump measure probability measure cádlág stochastic process Wiener process Poisson process compound Poisson process finite activity models jump diffusion models Merton model Gaussian jump process Kou model double exponential jump process leptokurtic volatility smile infinite activity models pure jumps process generalized hyperbolic model modified Bessel function negative inverse Gaussian model geometric Brownian motion model log-normal distribution model normality assumption heavy-tailed distribution asymmetric distribution quantile-quantile plot Rydberg algorithm parameter calibration moments cummulants sum of squares Monte Carlo simulation least-squares regression backward dynamic programming discrete-time Markov chain land price traffic demand highway service quality index data collection traffic volume Annual Average Daily Traffic Ontario Ministry of Transportation Land Registry Office Freedom of Information Act seasonality value of transportation types of transportation systems importance of highway systems cost of wrong decisions monetary cost private sector cost human cost land expropriation environmental cost irreversibility cost factor time cost factor political cost factor opportunity cost opportunity cost of wrong decisions economic cost of wrong decisions economic cost of mis-estimation economic profit of wrong decisions cost of inaction price of making right decisions scope of decisions rehabilitation decision land acquisition decision expansion decision uncertainty modeling land acquisition cost expropriation cost construction cost material cost Montréal-Mirabel International Airport Pickering Airport 407 Express Toll Route Highway 407 Statistics
1498	Birds, bats and arthropods in tropical agroforestry landscapes: Functional diversity, multitrophic interactions and crop yield Maas, Bea 20 November 2013 (has links) No description available. 630 birds bats arthropods multitrophic interactions agroforestry tropical landscape forest margin landscape functional diversity crop yield exclosure experiments experimental exclusion arthropod suppression avian predation ecosystem services mist netting point counts artificial plasticine caterpillar dummy experiment biological control monitoring mapping Lemon-bellied White-eye Grosbeak Starling Zosterops chloris Scissiostrum dubium Theobroma cacao cacao agroforestry cacao diseases cacao harvest cacao pests flying vertebrates aerial insectivores volant vertebrates logging breeding colony flower herbivory mesopredator release predatory insects ants spiders aphids Lepidoptera Coleoptera Lepidopteran larvae sustainable agriculture sustainable agroforestry management implications management recommendations applied managament extensive land use management landscape management conservation biodiversity-friendly dbh distance to forest forest proximity habitat conversion herbivory Indonesia insectivorous bats insectivorous birds invertebrates Central Sulawesi Napu valley leaf gleaning leaf herbivory pests insects phytophagous insects plant productivity remnant forest trees shade tree managament South-east Asia Paleotropics tropical landscape tree height landscape gradient local shade management Cacao Pod Borer Cherelle Wilt fruit abortion Helopeltis sulawesi deforestation habitat fragmentation land use intensification forest margin species critical decline predation experiment species-specific functions Southeast Asia biodiversity conservation mesopredators food security human welfare human well-being poverty alleviation poverty reduction smallholder cacao smallholder plantation cacao farmers sustainable cacao management landscape perspective landscape scale large scale field experiment long term field experiment human wellbeing economic importance economic value valuation ecosystem services landscape matrix yield quality yield quantity fruit productivity species identity species diversity species richness ecosystem functioning pesticide use chemical compounds complex food web tritrophic interactions wildlife-friendly rural livelihoods endangered bird species endangered bat species endemic endemic birds endemic bats beneficial impact IUCN Lore Lindu National Park bioindicator indicator species forest margin agricultural habitat agroforestry systems population density predation activity species activity cacao flower cacao pod Orthoptera linear mixed effect models Tukey Post Hoc Test AICc model selection generalized least squares restricted maximum likelihood model simplification species richness estimator species accumulation linear mixed-effects models Likelihood Ratio Test Maximum Likelihood nocturnal insects diurnal arthropods nocturnal arthropods diurnal insects landscape context Land- und Forstwirtschaft (PPN621302791)
1499	“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada Kinuthia, Wanyee 13 November 2013 (has links) This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad. natural resources raw materials global extractive industry mining accumulation by dispossession primitive accumulation resource curse free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) consultation free entry Bill C-300 Omnibus Bill self-determination madaraka land grabs governance gap enforcement vacuum regulatory gap landlessness involuntary resettlement displacement liberalization financial markets capitalism International Monetary Fund (IMF) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Impact and Benefits Agreement (IBA) corporate social responsibility (CSR) international political economy (IPE) Washington Consensus Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) sustainable development rare earth oil fossil fuels Whitehorse Mining Initiative (WMI) foreign direct investment (FDI) privatization neoliberal / corporate globalization Northern Gateway pipeline project Ring of Fire centre-periphery metropolitan-hinterland Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Extractive Industries Review (EIR) Sub-Saharan Africa war on terror terrorists false flag terrorism Fisheries Act Navigable Waters Protection Act primary goods aid Third World debt free trade modernization dependency tariffs trade barriers HudBay home country liability state Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) spatio-temporal fix militarism Sudbury Atlantic Canada Crown neo-colonialism industrial revolution imperialism public policy democracy justice Export Development Corporation (EDC) Kimberley Process Mining Association of Canada equity austerity measures Mining Act reforms proletariat aboriginal Least Developed Countries (LDCs) developing country comparative advantage human rights export-led development Tiomin Government of Kenya Government of Canada Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) World Bank Group (WBG) World Trade Organization (WTO) Bill C-38 Bill C-45 Assembly of First Nations (AFN) Idle No More meaningful participation AFRICOM titanium Base Resources Australia House of Commons conditionalities Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs)
1500	“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada Kinuthia, Wanyee January 2013 (has links) This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad. natural resources raw materials global extractive industry mining accumulation by dispossession primitive accumulation resource curse free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) consultation free entry Bill C-300 Omnibus Bill self-determination madaraka land grabs governance gap enforcement vacuum regulatory gap landlessness involuntary resettlement displacement liberalization financial markets capitalism International Monetary Fund (IMF) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Impact and Benefits Agreement (IBA) corporate social responsibility (CSR) international political economy (IPE) Washington Consensus Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) sustainable development rare earth oil fossil fuels Whitehorse Mining Initiative (WMI) foreign direct investment (FDI) privatization neoliberal / corporate globalization Northern Gateway pipeline project Ring of Fire centre-periphery metropolitan-hinterland Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Extractive Industries Review (EIR) Sub-Saharan Africa war on terror terrorists false flag terrorism Fisheries Act Navigable Waters Protection Act primary goods aid Third World debt free trade modernization dependency tariffs trade barriers HudBay home country liability state Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) spatio-temporal fix militarism Sudbury Atlantic Canada Crown neo-colonialism industrial revolution imperialism public policy democracy justice Export Development Corporation (EDC) Kimberley Process Mining Association of Canada equity austerity measures Mining Act reforms proletariat aboriginal Least Developed Countries (LDCs) developing country comparative advantage human rights export-led development Tiomin Government of Kenya Government of Canada Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) World Bank Group (WBG) World Trade Organization (WTO) Bill C-38 Bill C-45 Assembly of First Nations (AFN) Idle No More meaningful participation AFRICOM titanium Base Resources Australia House of Commons conditionalities Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs)

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