Hållbar utveckling är utveckling som syftar till att möta nutidens behov utan att riskera attframtida generationer inte ska kunna möta deras egna. Människans snabba resursförbrukningskapar idag bristvaror som riskerar att ta slut. Internationella organisationer kom under 1970-talet fram till att en god miljö måste prioriteras för att nå samhällelig utveckling ochekonomisk tillväxt. För att hållbar utveckling ska bli möjligt att nå blir det därför viktigt attbalansera ekonomiska, sociala och miljömässiga aspekter av hållbar utveckling. Med ettväxande samhällsintresse för hållbar utveckling har ett ökat behov av utbildning för hållbarutveckling uppstått. Ekonomer och redovisare har ett stort ansvar i att implementera ett sådantsynsätt i sitt yrke. Syftet med denna studie är att bidra till ökad förståelse för integrering avhållbar utveckling i svenska universitet och högskolors civilekonomutbildningar medredovisningsinriktning.Vår studie innefattar Sveriges samtliga civilekonomprogram med redovisningsinriktningvilket uppgår till nio universitet och högskolor. För att besvara våra frågeställningar har vivalt att göra en kvantitativ innehållsanalys. En tvärsnittsdesign är ett vanligt inslag iinnehållsanalys och har använts i vår studie då den tar hänsyn till variationen som återfinns ide lärosäten som studeras. Studien har egenskaper av både deduktiva och induktiva inslagvilket resulterar i en abduktiv ansats. En analysmodell har utformats för att säkerställa entydlig definition av hållbar utveckling. Tidigare litteratur och forskning ligger till grund för deoperationaliserade orden som användes för att kategorisera studiens material.Genom att analysera frekvens och fördelning av ekonomisk, social och miljömässig hållbarutveckling bidrar således studien till ökad förståelse för hur svenska civilekonomutbildningarmed redovisningsinriktning integrerat hållbar utveckling. Genomförd studie leder till enslutsats om en obalans mellan de tre aspekterna av hållbar utveckling samt förklarar enharmonisering mellan svenska civilekonomutbildningars innehåll utifrån isomorfismen.Studien påvisar en tonvikt på den sociala aspekten av hållbar utveckling där ekonomiska ochmiljömässiga aspekter integreras mindre. Vi har visat på en relevans för kunskap i ekonomisk,social och miljömässig hållbar utveckling i redovisningsprofessioner. / Sustainable development is a development aiming to meet the needs of today withoutjeopardizing the needs of future generations. The fast consumption creates a lack of resources,risking to completely run out. International organizations discovered during the 1970`s that ahealthy environment needs to be prioritized to reach a societal development and an economicgrowth. To be able to reach sustainable development a balance between economic, social andenvironmental aspects of sustainable development is necessary. With a growing societalinterest for sustainable development a growing need of right education has emerged.Economists and accountants have a great responsibility in the implementation of a sustainableapproach in their professions. The aim of this study is to contribute with a greaterunderstanding for the integration of sustainable development in the Swedish programs ofMaster of Science in Business and Economics with major in accounting.Our study includes all of the nine programs of Master of Science in Business and Economicsof Sweden with major in accounting. To answer our research questions we have chosen toimplement a quantitative content analysis. A cross-sectional design is a common element incontent analysis and has been used to consider the variation of our selection. An abductiveapproach has been applied. An analytical model has been designed to secure a clear definitionof sustainable development. Previous literature and research has developed theoperationalized words of the four categories to be used in the study.By analyzing the frequency and distribution of economic, social and environmentalsustainable development our study contributes to a greater understanding for the integration ofsustainable development in the programs of Master of Science in Business and Economics ofSweden with major in accounting. The accomplished study leads to the conclusion of anunbalance between the three aspects of sustainable development. It also explains aharmonization of the content in the programs of Master of Science in Business andEconomics of Sweden by implementing an isomorphistic perspective. The result of the studyemphasizes the societal aspect of sustainable development where economic andenvironmental aspects of sustainable development are less integrated. We have proven arelevance of knowledge in economic, social and environmental aspects of sustainabledevelopment in the accounting profession.This paper is written in Swedish.

School counsellors have been an occupation in Sweden since the 1940s but despite this, there is very little knowledge and research about school counsellors’ preconditions according to their work. This study aims to examine in what frequencies school counsellors’ use evidence-based methods in their work with students in senior high school. The result is based on a survey with N 215 respondents from all over Sweden and the analysis theoretical perspective is founded on evidence-based practice (EBP) and new institutional theory. The result indicates that school counsellors in Sweden do not use evidence-based methods to such an extent and that there are organisational and structural obstacles for school counsellors to base their work from evidence-based practice. There is a decoupling process where ideals of EBP do not match the reality as different kinds of logic appear and come into conflict with each other over whose legitimacy is the one that should dominate the organizational field. To increase the conditions, a school management that provides support and enables professional guidance and competence development is needed. The research field needs to start looking at the school counsellors’ practice from a bottom-up perspective to see what they do that works and develop EBP and the organizational field based on this. This is one way to give school counsellors’ more legitimacy.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate how professionals working within the Swedish Church and the City Mission in a municipality in southern Sweden describe their work with individuals in financial crisis, as well as whether and, if so, how they perceive themselves as complementing or replacing the responsibilities of the municipal welfare agency. During the ongoing inflation, prices for essentials such as food, rent, and electricity have increased, placing additional strain on the welfare state and the efforts of social workers to meet the needs of individuals in economic hardship. There is a lack of consensus in the research regarding the role that the Swedish Church and the City Mission should play in social work and the extent to which they provide aid. In times of inflation, the question becomes particularly relevant as civil society actors become more relevant when societal resources are insufficient. To address our research questions, we conducted a qualitative interview study involving eight participants from the Swedish Church and the City Mission. We employed neo-institutional theory to interpret our empirical data. Our study revealed that the Swedish Church and the City Mission in a municipality in southern Sweden emphasize their multifaceted function and flexible approach, enabling them to address various forms of needs among individuals experiencing financial crisis. They described themselves as being able to complement certain aspects of the municipal welfare agency's responsibilities, but their resources were too limited to fully replace these functions. Our study demonstrated that they could provide limited amounts of food, financial resources, and create a sense of community and belonging inside their organization.

Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka institutionella förväntningar som finns på blivande förskollärare på Uppsala universitet angående det emotionella arbetet som de ska utföra. Studien använder sig av kurslitteratur från Uppsala universitets förskollärarprogram (2022). Förståelsen för emotionellt arbete grundas i Hochschilds redogörelse för begreppet. Denna definition medför även begreppen känsloarbete och känsloregler. I uppsatsen diskuteras det även huruvida läraryrket kan uppfattas som emotionellt arbete utifrån Hochschilds definition. Uppsala universitet tolkas vara en del av den institutionella kontexten utifrån nyinstitutionella teorins definition av institution i och med det kan Uppsala universitets förväntningar översättas till en institutionell förväntning. Forskning visar att det emotionella arbetet inom förskolläraryrket associeras med negativa psykologiska effekter som känslomässig utmattning. Lärare uppfattas förhålla sig till ett antal regler och förväntningar på känslouttryck i arbetet. Utöver det föreslår ett antal studier att emotionella krav i läraryrket korrelerar med negativa känslor. Denna uppsats undersöker de emotionella krav och förväntningar som kurslitteraturen omfattas av.   Målet med uppsatsen är att undersöka både hur förväntningar på emotionellt arbete framställs och en förklaring av den institutionella kontexten angående kurslitteraturens förväntningar. Genom Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys analyseras dessa framställningar i tre dimensioner. Resultatet för uppsatsen tyder på att kurslitteraturen samspelar med den officiella läroplanen för förskolan angående emotionellt arbete och forskning inom förskola. Kurslitteraturen framställer det emotionella arbetet utifrån olika diskursiva ideal, exempelvis som omsorg, texten tenderar att presentera formuleringar som sanning. Den diskursiva praktiken som framställs har traditionella drag och uppehåller den dominerande diskursordningen. Den sociala praktiken visar att den diskursiva praktiken identifierad i kurslitteraturen är en del av den psykologiska ordningen och föräldrabehandlande ordningen av diskurser. Genom en analys av den icke-diskursiva kontexten visar det sig hur kurslitteraturen rättfärdigar och legitimerar ett antal idéer om emotionellt arbete, eftersom att läroplanen anser dessa som effektiva och önskvärda. Ett antal ideal kan tolkas som rationaliserade myter. Den institutionella kontexten visar hur kurslitteraturen kritiserar skolverket som institution, medan den samtidigt legitimerar och eftersträvar dess förväntningar och ideal.

Bakgrunden till detta examensarbete tar avstamp i automatiseringens utbredning inom välfärdssektorn. En aktiv digitaliseringspolitik bedrivs på nationell nivå där argument som effektivitet och rättssäkerhet motiverar implementeringen av ADM, eller automatiserat beslutsfattande. Dock har denna politik en inverkan på det sociala arbetets handlingsutrymme och hur det bedrivs. Syftet med studien är därmed att undersöka hur automatiserat beslutsfattande påverkar biståndshandläggares handlingsutrymme. Metodansatsen i examensarbetet är en litteraturstudie av kvalitativ karaktär vars empiri utgörs av vetenskapliga artiklar. Dessa artiklar har sedan studeras med hjälp av tematisk analys, där vi utifrån extrakt i datamaterialet ringat in återkommande mönster och generella temana. Resultaten analyseras och diskuteras utifrån nyinstitutionell teori och Lipskys teori om gräsrotsbyråkrati. Våra fynd pekar på att automatiserat beslutsfattande ökar såväl som minskar handlingsutrymmet samt i de flesta fall medfört en organisatorisk uppdelning av försörjningsstödet, där handläggare får antingen mer klienttid eller fler ärenden att övervaka. Vidare visar resultaten att arbetsmarknadsåtgärder i många fall förflyttats från handläggare till jobbcoacher. Utifrån vår teoretiska analys drar vi slutsatsen att automatiserat beslutsfattande utesluter och/eller omdefinierar Lipskys handlingsutrymme. Vi kommer även fram till att det höjer rättssäkerheten samt både kan öka och inskränka möjligheten till relationsskapande. Avslutningsvis kan automatiserat beslutsfattande förstås som en nödvändighet utifrån ett organisationsteoretiskt perspektiv.

This study aims to explore how individuals who are operating Swedish elite football clubs manage the tension between non-profit and commercial logics, and whether organizational form is important when managing them. The respondents in this study are individuals with positions at the very highest organizational level, and predetermined themes that concern the tension within Swedish elite football were used in the design of the interview guide. The results were then analysed from a new institutional perspective. The outcome showed that elite football clubs tend to use similar strategies when managing the logics regardless of organizational form. / Denna studie ämnar undersöka hur individer som är verksamma inom svenska elitfotbollsföreningar hanterar spänningen mellan ideella och kommersiella logiker och om organisationsform har betydelse för hanteringen av dem. Respondenterna i denna studie är individer med befattningar på allra högsta organisatoriska nivå och förutbestämda teman som berör spänningen inom svensk elitfotboll användes vid utformandet av intervjuguiden. Resultaten analyserades sedan ur ett nyinstitutionellt perspektiv. Utfallet visade att elitfotbollsföreningar tenderar att använda likartade strategier vid hanteringen av logikerna oberoende av organisationsform.

Internet är idag en ny arena där alla delar med sig av information till alla. Det nya Internet, Webb 2.0, handlar om interaktivitet, kommunikation och dialog. Medborgare och intressenter vill ha större insikt och bättre möjligheter att påverka. De som bidrar med kunskap och synpunkter vill veta hur bidragen påverkar verksamheten, annars slutar de föra dialog. Regering och riksdag vill även att effektiviteten och tillgängligheten till myndigheternas tjänster ska öka. Tidigare forskning visar att det finns en trend mot ämnesarenor och att det kan föreligga ett paradigmskifte från fokus på tjänsteleverans till nätverkade myndigheter som involverar medborgare och intressenter i sin verksamhet. Detta ställer nya krav på riktlinjer och strategier. För att explorativt undersöka dessa trender och fenomen har representanter för tre svenska myndigheter intervjuats. De empiriska resultaten har sedan belysts med nyinstitutionell teori och analyserats med hjälp av lednings- och kommunikationsstrategiska teorier och koncept. Studien konstaterar att de tre undersökta myndigheterna har tagit små steg för att närma sig de virtuella ämnesarenorna. Vissa medarbetare deltar i sociala medier, men deltagandet är inte formaliserat och insikter och lärdomar aggregeras inte inom organisationerna. Samtidigt som kunskapen om sociala medier är relativt låg verkar det finnas institutionaliserade myter som påverkar beslutssituationen. Myndigheternas ledningsgrupper är åldersmässigt relativt homogena. De träffar varandra inom sektorn regelbundet och avvaktar och följer de andra myndigheternas exempel. Den nya e-logiken utmanar de befintliga maktstrukturerna och myten om expertis genom att externa aktörer får mer makt över verksamhetsutvecklingen än tidigare. För att börja delta fullt ut i dialogen på de virtuella ämnesarenorna krävs sannolikt en förändring i verksamhetskulturen och eventuellt behövs ett generationsskifte. Genom deltagande i några väl utvalda e-projekt kommer lärdomar och insikter som kan ge beslutsunderlag för att gå vidare. Erfarenheterna kan leda till att de institutionaliserade myterna kommer att börja förändras så att det förutspådda paradigmskiftet tar plats. / Internet has been transformed. The new Internet, Web 2.0, is all about interactivity, communication and conversations. Citizens and stakeholders demand transparency and influence. The individuals that contribute their knowledge and views demand insight into how their contribution is used to develop the organization, or they leave the conversation. At the same time the Swedish parliament requires improved efficiency, availability and access to government services. Previous research shows there is a trend towards issue arenas where issues and topics, not organizations, are at the center of communication. The emergence of e-government represents a paradigm shift, from emphasizing standardization and cost-efficiency, to an emphasis on coordinated network building, external collaboration, and customer services. This transformation from bureaucracy to networked governance requires new strategies. To explore these trends and phenomena research interviews have been conducted with representatives for three Swedish government agencies. The empirical findings have then been illuminated with neo-institutional theory and analyzed with governance and communication strategy concepts and theories. The findings show that the three agencies have taken some small steps toward the virtual issue arenas. Some employees participate in social media, but the participation isn’t formalized and knowledge isn’t aggregated within the organizations. The general knowledge of social media is low and there seems to be institutionalized myths affecting the decision environment. Management consists of members of similar age. Top management from different agencies in the sector frequently meets, and the agencies await and follow the other agencies examples. The new e-logic challenges existing power structures, as well as the myth of authority, since external actors gain power over business development. In order to fully participate in the conversation in virtual issue arenas, a change in organizational culture is likely needed, and potentially generational change might be necessary to facilitate the change in culture. Engaging in a few, carefully selected e-projects will enable the agencies to learn and expand the engagement gradually. The accumulated experience may lead to a change in the institutionalized myths, thus enabling the predicted paradigm shift.

As an innovation Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is designed as a tool for clinical problem solving. According to its theory of use EBP will bring a difference for policy makers, for professionals, for researchers and for service users. One question to be asked is whether EBP actually leads to the radical social change it is designed to accomplish. The aim of the study is to describe and analyse the outcome of the effort to establish EBP, with a focus on the case of social work in Sweden. The research questions are: What is EBP? Why are efforts made to establish EBP? What is the outcome of the EBP project? How can the outcome of the EBP project be explained? The case study was conducted on a critical realistic meta-theoretical ground with a focus on explanation of social change with an explicit actor-structure perspective. Methodologically, a narrative synthesis of studies was made. As a complement primary data were collected to fill empirical gaps. The state of things was described before and after the EBP-initiatives. Several helping theories – Kuhn’s theory of paradigm, program theory, neo-institutional theory and theory of diffusion – were used to analyse the empirically mapped outcome of the EBP project. The results show that the import of the original model of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) to social work is a part of a wider social movement in the helping and educational professions. The new model has influenced social work as a discipline, as a field of practice and as a field of policy. There are examples of full-scale implementations of EBP, although EBP has not reached a general status as daily practice. Some obstacles remain. The gradual adaption of EBP corresponds to criteria hold by Kuhn for a paradigm shift. Acceptance of the model has contributed to change the structure and function of social systems. At an organizational level, this change means on-going institutionalization. The innovation is influencing the way institutional actors conduct their work. Although the structural conditions have been optimal, the EBP-model has been debated with heat. The EBP-debate and policy-driven infrastructural efforts have brought a more in-depth examination of the model. So-called coercive, normative, and regulative isomorphisms were used to change organizations. The degree of institutionalization depended on the individuals and the organizations willingness and preparedness to change, to understand, and to put the model into practice. When actors used a less strict version of the original EBP model, the pace of cultural and institutional change slowed down.

As an innovation Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is designed as a tool for clinical problem solving. According to its theory of use EBP will bring a difference for policy makers, for professionals, for researchers and for service users. One question to be asked is whether EBP actually leads to the radical social change it is designed to accomplish. The aim of the study is to describe and analyse the outcome of the effort to establish EBP, with a focus on the case of social work in Sweden. The research questions are: What is EBP? Why are efforts made to establish EBP? What is the outcome of the EBP project? How can the outcome of the EBP project be explained? The case study was conducted on a critical realistic meta-theoretical ground with a focus on explanation of social change with an explicit actor-structure perspective. Methodologically, a narrative synthesis of studies was made. As a complement primary data were collected to fill empirical gaps. The state of things was described before and after the EBP-initiatives. Several helping theories – Kuhn’s theory of paradigm, program theory, neo-institutional theory and theory of diffusion – were used to analyse the empirically mapped outcome of the EBP project. The results show that the import of the original model of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) to social work is a part of a wider social movement in the helping and educational professions. The new model has influenced social work as a discipline, as a field of practice and as a field of policy. There are examples of full-scale implementations of EBP, although EBP has not reached a general status as daily practice. Some obstacles remain. The gradual adaption of EBP corresponds to criteria hold by Kuhn for a paradigm shift. Acceptance of the model has contributed to change the structure and function of social systems. At an organizational level, this change means on-going institutionalization. The innovation is influencing the way institutional actors conduct their work. Although the structural conditions have been optimal, the EBP-model has been debated with heat. The EBP-debate and policy-driven infrastructural efforts have brought a more in-depth examination of the model. So-called coercive, normative, and regulative isomorphisms were used to change organizations. The degree of institutionalization depended on the individuals and the organizations willingness and preparedness to change, to understand, and to put the model into practice. When actors used a less strict version of the original EBP model, the pace of cultural and institutional change slowed down.

For a person who has been diagnosed with a disability at some point in their life, their ability to be an active democratic citizen in our information society changes. This thesis examines what kind of challenges the Swedish public libraries and librarians faces in their day-to-day work connected to the specific group of users with vision-related disabilities and discusses and analyze public librarians' perception of what digital skills means to them.  In the combination of people with visual impairments and their digital needs and competence development and on the actual conditions and challenges existing at the Swedish public libraries regarding digital services for people with visual impairments, the study identifies several challenges for both parties. The study results present an insecurity among librarians regarding the expectations to adjust and help with digital guidance, when they still are feeling insecure about what kind of digital competence expects of them.  During the qualitative interviews, a shared experience of anxiety, uncertainty, and an uneven level among the library staff regarding basic digital competences and where the "boundary" is revealed. The uneven level of digital competence is highlighted as problematic, as the patrons are assumed to be treated differently on repeated visits to the public library. The study identifies several challenges that would further encourage both the individual, the profession, the institution as well as society and research to study further. New knowledge in a library context has been identified and needs to be studied in a broader and more comprehensive research study.