本文透過取得資訊的權利和公民參與程度的高低作為指標，討論生活在風險社會中，開放政府在台北市的表現情形。研究者採用世界正義計畫的開放政府指數為問卷作為基礎並且修改，以台北市為範圍。大眾問卷旨在探討不同年齡層對於取得資訊的權利和公民參與之見解是否有不同看法，而專家問卷則探討不同領域的專家對於取得資訊的權利和公民參與之見解是否有不同看法。 根據學者Gwanhoo Lee和Young Hoon Kwak所提出的開放政府程度之檢視以及開放政府的三大準則—透明、公共參與、合作，對照本研究之測量，本研究發現：台北市公民與專家對資訊的準確程度未呈現質疑態度，而資訊品質之評價亦為正面，符合「資料透明」。然而，普遍來說公眾會隨著年齡不同而對於公民參與的認知有所不同，實際參與的次數也不高。綜上所述，本研究認為台北市開放政府的情形有涵蓋資料透明但缺乏「公民參與」。也因為缺乏公民參與，以至於合作的概念目前尚未實踐。至於如何突破現階段的困境，可做為將來研究的方向。 / This paper uses right to information and the level of civic participation as indicators to discuss citizens living in a risk society how the open government performs in Taipei City. The study adopts the World Justice Project(WJP) Open Government Index as the foundation of questionnaires and has done some revision, focusing on the case in Taipei City. The general public questionnaire aims to survey whether citizens in different age ranges hold different opinions toward right to information and civic participation; Expert questionnaire, on the other hand, is to investigate whether experts have different perspectives toward these two indicators. Based on the survey of the level of open government and the three principles proposed by Gwanhoo Lee and Young Hoon Kwak: transparency, public participation, and collaboration in contrast to the assessment of the study, the paper discovers that citizens and experts in Taipei City are undoubting of information accuracy and hold positive feedback to information quality, which corresponds to “information transparency.” However, generally the public varies in the understanding of civic participation as citizens age. The frequency of the actual participation remains low. In sum, the study deems that open government in Taipei City has incorporated information transparency but lack “civic participation.” Because of this, the concept of “collaboration” has not yet achieved. As for how to break through the current difficulties, it can serve as a research direction in the future.

所有的選舉競爭都在既定的環境中進行。競選活動的效果，也就在於候選人是否能正確評估自身在既定環境及個人條件上的優劣勢，從而運用競選策略與戰術來凸顯有利因素、修正或淡化不利因素，以取得規劃中的足夠選票來獲得勝選。於此，本論文以馬英九在1998年台北市長選舉中所運用的競選策略為例，提出一個研究候選人競選策略的分析架構，作為理解選戰中候選人採用各種策略的動機及行為的基礎。在方法上，本論文採取整體資料分析法、文獻分析法、調查研究法、以及深入訪談法等方法配合運用，期能經由對馬英九陣營競選行為的觀察，為當前候選人競選策略研究作進一步驗證，並作為往後競選理論深化發展的基礎。 如何以挑戰者的身份擊敗具優良政績的的在位市長，是馬英九從事選舉競爭的最大問題。在選舉競爭條件的評估方面，國民黨在台北市擁有的三成實力加上新黨約兩成五的政黨實力，共同建構出馬英九的過半潛力，成為馬英九爭勝的有利基礎。在新黨勢弱下，馬英九陣營便將勝選聯盟設定在以國民黨傳統票為基礎，並在預期新黨票源將有效回流下，將本土性票源視為勝選目標群。但在李登輝因素造成新黨票源與本土性票源的矛盾下，馬陣營以中間選民訴求作為一個兼顧此兩種票源的最適位置。在策略抉擇上，馬陣營採取候選人中心策略作為選戰議程，並分別針對不同票源群體取不同策略進行訴求：針對國民黨傳統票源，馬陣營採取政黨中心戰術來進行強化式策略；針對新黨票源，馬陣營則分別以「一路走來、始終如一」的候選人中心戰術及「打造世界級首都」的議題中心戰術來進行甄補式策略；針對本土票源，馬陣營則以「台灣第一、台北第一」的議題中心戰術進行甄補式策略。在選舉戰術的應用方面，無論是自我推銷的訴求策略、阻斷對手策略效果的攻擊策略、或者回應對手攻擊或重大事件發展的回應策略，也都扣緊預定之候選人中心的選戰議程。而在組織動員方面，馬陣營也配合馬英九所具資源設計競選組織並進行基層動員。 就選舉結果來看，新黨支持者的大幅流動所造成的國、新合流，尤其是外省籍選民近乎一面倒地支持馬英九，是馬英九勝選主因。這顯示馬英九的競選策略基本上是成功的，即在國民黨傳統票及新黨票源的爭取上達成目標，但在本土票源的爭取上則不如想像中順利。 第一章 緒論 壹、 研究動機與目的 貳、 研究主題的背景 參、 文獻檢閱 肆、 研究方法 第二章 選區的政治生態 壹、 台北市的人文區位背景 貳、 台北市政治生態環境變遷 參、 小結 第三章 競選初期的策略 壹、 競選初期的主要事件 貳、 競爭條件評估與策略抉擇 參、 競選組織的建立 肆、 策略制定與執行 伍、 小結 第四章 競選中期的策略 壹、 競選中期的主要事件 貳、 主要訴求策略及運用 參、 攻擊策略之應用與調整 肆、 回應策略 伍、 組織與動員 陸、 策略效果 柒、 小結 第五章 競選後期的策略 壹、 主要競選活動 貳、 議題訴求 參、 向對手的攻擊策略 肆、 回應對手攻擊的策略 伍、 造勢活動 陸、 小結 第六章 結論 壹、 研究發現 貳、 檢討與建議 參考書目

本研究擬以博奕理論為主要研究架構,藉由個案研究分析,希望達成以下之目的:(1)探對台北市議會在三黨不過半的議會政治生態下,各政黨之間合縱連橫之運作情形及其影響,並試圖尋求影響三黨互動關係的因素。(2)了解政黨在議會立法過程中所處的地位、所扮演的角色及所發揮的功能。整個研究範圍則限於第七屆議會第一會期內85年度總預算的審查。全文共分六章,茲概述如下: 第一章緒論:說明研究動機與目的、研究範圍與方法以及研究限制。 第二章理論基礎與文獻探討:介紹博奕理論基本概念,並對相關研究文獻予以探討。 第三章現行台北市議會內的政黨政治:首先介紹市議會內的政黨組織,再進一步了解議會立法過程中的政黨運作,最後論及影響政黨互動關係的因素。 第四章及第五章部份:藉由「敬老津貼」及「教師節敬師金」兩項個案的分析,窺 探台北市議會內三黨合縱連橫的過程。 第六章結論:敘述研究發現並提出評議。

全球化的競爭趨勢使得國家行銷發展跨越原有的疆界，轉而成為各國城市間的競爭，城市的經管理與行銷提升城市本身的競爭優勢，城市亦藉由積極參與國際性大型活動或展演拓展城市的知名度與形象，吸引實質的產業投資與引導消費等實質經濟利益，同時也能成為國外人士連結城市的管道。因此，整合城市的各個面向，例如城市品牌，城市形象、特色產業、基礎建設等，以策略性的包裝與行銷大幅提昇城市的競爭力。 臺北市經營城市行銷，首重市場定位與塑造品牌形象，統籌臺北市的政治、經濟、歷史、文化、環境等資源整合，成為城市品牌形象定位的基礎，因此積極透過城市行銷對外發展的臺北市而言，參與如奧林匹克運動會、世界博覽會等國際性大型活動的機會，藉由行銷策略組合建構城市品牌形象以利臺北市推展城市行銷是本研究的主要目的。 文獻回顧部分，探討包括城市行銷的定義與內涵，行銷策略擬定與建構城市品牌印象之相關理論，以及大型活動本質的探討與建構品牌形象之關聯。研究方法則而歸納文獻資料提示的建構城市品牌指標參考，整理歸納「構面組織」、「環境構面」、「目標市場構面」、「行銷構面」、以及「策略構面」等五個面向擬定59項評估指標製作修正式德菲法調查問卷，由10位公共行政、行銷、傳播及媒體領域之專業人士填寫調查問卷，由專家學者群體決策為基礎進行調查，最後經兩回合問卷調查後專家達成意見一致性共識作為本研究分析之基礎。 本研究透過修正式德菲法問卷的五個5個構面共59項以大型活動建構城市品牌形象之評估指標，專家小組認為利用參與大型活動建構城市品牌形象中，「組織構面」的領導者決策、策略規劃及策略執行能力為最主要關鍵，而包括城市的交通建設網絡以及城市風格等，都是影響形塑城市重要因素。而研究結果則建議建構城市品牌形象可採用地區性行銷策略，而在策略實際操作部分則延攬專業的行銷規劃團隊，以規劃主題式行銷活動，並透過新興媒體進行宣傳等方式為臺北市形塑優質的城市品牌形象。 / As a consequence of globalization, the marketing of region has grown in importance as countries, regions compete with one another to attract investment and visitors. To compete effectively, it is essential to identify the critical success factors of image branding and ensure those who are into the strategic planning. City's image branding is largely dependent on the construction, communication and management as well as the style of the city. A city's brand image provides, on one hand, the basis for developing city marketing to pursue economic development and, on the other hand, provides as a conduit for people outside the country. This study examines the effectiveness of the efforts on the image branding of Taipei based on an analysis of image branding strategies through the participation of mega events. The theoretical background from literary reviews of this study covering city marketing, city branding and image, mega events and event marketing topics, which are the conceptual but technical and structural viewpoints included. The primary city brand-driven mega events indicators would be developed by reorganizing these past researches and by dividing them into five aspects: organizational, environmental, target market, marketing, and strategies. All primary indicators are evaluated by 10 marketing, communication, media, and administrative experts to evaluate which have the most criteria toward the image branding of Taipei, and how these factors could be utilized to form the strategic framework. Based on the survey of the modified Delphi method, the result indicated that the most crucial success factor of the image branding of Taipei is organization leadership, which refer to the city governing philosophy of decision-making, strategic planning, and implementation represention the core building block of image branding. This survey points out that the convenient transportation network, unique city style and applied communication channel, such as social media, are also drawing a line determining the effect of the image branding of Taipei. Accordingly, some recommendations can be made for the use of the image branding of Taipei: diversified cultural driven assets can be attractive points; Fesvital and activities also can be applied; new style of promotiation channel such as social media can also be developed. Those are based on a combination and the components of the city's brand management.

由於我國政策與制度關係，直轄市比其他縣市可獲得較豐富的資源，是不爭的事實，以致各縣市紛紛爭取升格為直轄市，希望獲得更大的財政實力，但2010年升格之後的五都，財政收支差短依舊嚴重，皆須仰賴中央補助或舉債，以支應各項政務推動及地方建設。對新北市而言，在資源有限情況下，惟有提升財政自主能力，並落實財政紀律，才能解決其財政缺口。 新北市既已升格直轄市，就要有適時法律得以遵從，希望能儘早修正財政收支劃分法，給予相當的財政自主權，並落實財政自我負責機制。然而在自有財源比例偏低情形之下，支出結構僵化，人事費比重過高，能自行決定的支出相當有限，加上指定用途補助款等問題，都限縮其財政自主性。 本研究以新北市為主要研究對象，選取1982-2011年資料，以一般化最小平方法GLS（generalized least squares)進行迴歸分析，探究對於新北市財政收入或自主財源之影響因素。實證結果發現，家庭平均每戶全年經常性收入、土地增值稅減半徵收及調降稅率政策，對於歲入及自有財源具有正向影響效果；失業率則具有負向影響效果。以上三項影響因素中，失業率對於歲入及自有財源之影響程度不同，對於自有財源則更具顯著性負向響影。 / It is undoubted that the municipality can get more resources than counties and cities. Due to the fact, most of counties and cities try for upgrading to a municipality in Taiwan. After city-county consolidation in 2010, the Fiscal Deficit of five special municipalities is still seriously short, they rely on central government subsidies or loans to cope with the operation and construction funds. Because of the limitation of resources, it is the sole solution of solving the fiscal gap for New Taipei City is to enhance the ability of financial autonomy and implement fiscal discipline. It is necessary for New Taipei City to have the corresponding law to upgrade municipality. We hope that the Act Governing the Allocation of Government Revenues and Expenditures can be revised as soon as possible and the revised law can provide the appropriate financial autonomy and implement fiscal self-responsibility mechanism for New Taipei municipality. However, because of the low proportion of cases under its own financial resources, the fixed expenditure structure and the high proportion of staff costs, the self-decided expenditure is quite limited. In addition, earmarked grants and other issues also narrow its financial autonomy. New Taipei City is the main object of this study. The specific data (1982-2011) and the GLS(generalized Least Squares) are used in this study to find out the impact factors of New Taipei's revenue and its independent revenue sources. The empirical results indicate that Average Current Receipts Per Household, LAT Halved and Tax Reduction policyhave a positive effect on its revenue and independent revenue sources; Also, the unemployment rate has a negative impact on results. Among these three impact factors, the Unemployment Rate has the different influence degree between the revenue and independent revenue sources, especially; it has significant negative impact on the independent revenue sources.

巡邏勤務是警察最常見的勤務方式之一，長久以來被公認是警察的核心勤務，由於巡邏勤務兼具積極打擊犯罪的主動作為及消極防制的被動作為，更加突顯巡邏勤務的重要與特色。而警察巡邏勤務之規劃及執行方式受到許多因素的影響，如何有效發揮巡邏勤務預期效能的議題，也就值得深究。 本研究以立意抽樣，採質化半結構深入訪談方式，針對實際規劃與執行巡邏勤務之派出所所長與協助派出所所長規劃勤務並參與實際執行巡邏勤務基層員警10人進行訪談，旨在探討巡邏勤務之規劃與運作過程，藉此找出其中所存在的問題，並將結果提供相關單位作為警察巡邏勤務規劃與運作之參考，期能有效發揮預防犯罪及達到維護社會治安之功能。 本研究主要研究結果分述如下： 一、巡邏勤務，警察核心勤務：巡邏勤務24小時綿密規劃，勤務時數約佔每日總時數50%-70%，為警察勤務中核心勤務。 二、工作項目，符合主要目的：巡邏勤務工作置重點於犯罪預防、交通順暢及為民服務，符合巡邏的主要目的。 三、攻勢勤務，具有預防效果：巡邏勤務屬攻勢勤務，具迅速、快速、機動等特性，具有預防犯罪的效果。 四、符合原理，有效預防犯罪：巡邏勤務運作符合迅速、機動、彈性、顯見等4項原理，能有效預防犯罪。 五、巡邏勤務，以深夜勤為主：深夜時段為犯罪活動高峰期，應將巡邏勤務加重於該時段，以符合實際需求。 六、因時因地，使用交通工具：巡邏勤務交通工具應因時因地制宜，彈性運用，發揮巡邏勤務之機動性及顯見性。 七、事故處理，影響巡邏成效：巡邏勤務規劃編排常因事故處理導致巡邏勤務落空情事，影響巡邏預期成效。 八、強化措施，落實巡邏勤務：強化勤務指揮中心功能、落實實施勤前教育及採師徒制編組，以利經驗傳承，落實巡邏勤務作為。 九、巡邏裝備，適時因應添購：巡邏勤務配備裝備應適時因應添購，以維執勤安全，提升巡邏勤務效能。 十、落實盤檢，減少巡邏箱數：巡邏勤務應以加強盤查為主，巡簽巡邏簽章表為輔，以發揮巡邏勤務預期之效能。 十一、巡邏勤務，優點缺點並俱：巡邏勤務可有效產生嚇阻犯罪功能，惟因各項因素，常無法落實執行。 本研究並根據研究發現，提出研究建議： 警察機關應採問題導向巡邏勤務策略，實施因地制宜措施以規劃巡邏勤務，落實盤查作為為主，巡簽巡邏簽章表為輔，因應需求適時添購裝備，強化巡邏勤務精進作為；並落實金融超商業自我防護機制，精簡業務提升警力運用，同時面對問題落實檢討規劃。 / Patrol duty is one of the most common duties for the police officers, which has been generally accepted as their core duty for a long time. Moreover, the patrol duty’s importance and characteristics are more highlighted by its active actions like fighting against crime and its passive actions like prevention and control. However, the policy officers’ planning and executive methods of patrol duty are affected by various factors. Therefore, it deserves deeply exploration about how to achieve the expected effect of patrol duty. Taking the purposive sampling and qualitative semi-structured in-depth interview, this study interviewed 10 persons including a police station chief and some grassroots police officers assisting the chief to plan and carry out patrol duty, with the aim to explore the patrol planning and operation process. In this way, it can find out the existing problems and provide the study results to relevant units as reference of planning and operation for the police officers, expecting to effectively achieve the function of crime prevention and social order and security maintenance. The major study results are illustrated as below: 1.Patrol duty is the core duty for the police officers: the duty is 24-hour planned, and accounts for 50%-70% of the work hours every day, so it is the core duty for the police officers. 2.The work. details conform to the primary purpose: Patrol duty focuses on crime prevention, smooth traffic and public service, which conform to the primary purpose of patrol. 3.Offense duty has the preventive effect: Patrol service belongs to offense duty, which is quick and mobile, and has the effect of crime prevention. 4.It conforms to the basic principles and can prevent crime effectively: Patrol operation conforms to the four principles of quickness, mobility, flexibility and conspicuousness, and can prevent crime effectively. 5.Patrol duty is mainly served at late-night: The late-night is the peak period of crime activity, so the patrol duty should be strengthened during that period to meet the practical demands. 6.Use vehicles based on the specific time and place: The vehicles used for patrol service should be flexible based on the specific time and place, so as to achieve the mobility and conspicuousness of patrol service. 7.Accident handling affects the effect of patrol duty: Patrol planning and scheduling is often delayed or vacated due to accident handling, which further affects the expected effect. 8.Strengthen the measures to carry out the patrol duty: Strengthen the function of the command center, carry out the pre-duty education and adopt senior-junior grouping to facilitate teaching experience and achieving the purpose of patrol duty. 9.Procure the patrol equipments in time: Patrol equipments should be procured in time based on the specific demands, so as to ensure secure duty and improve the patrol efficiency. 10.Carry out question to reduce the number of patrol boxes: The patrol duty should strengthen question primarily, together with patrol duty form signing, so as to achieve the expected patrol effect. 11.Patrol service has both advantages and disadvantages: Patrol duty has the function of effective crime prevention. However, it can’t be carried out due to various factors. Based on the study findings, this study proposes the following suggestions: The police institutions should adopt the problem-oriented patrol strategies and make measures based on the specific conditions for patrol duty planning. It should carry out question primarily, together with patrol duty form signing. Moreover, it should procure equipments in time based on the demands to strengthen the patrol practice. Besides, it should also carry out the self-defense mechanism of finance-over-business and simplify the business to improve the manpower application. At the meanwhile, it should implement review and planning for the problems.

近年來，嬰幼兒閱讀的議題在國內逐漸受到重視。2006年2月，信誼基金會與臺中縣政府、臺北市政府共同合作，正式在臺灣推行「閱讀起步走」。為了推動親子共讀，新北市亦於2009年開始實施「閱讀起步走」，除了致贈圖書禮袋外，並搭配親子共讀講座、新生兒故事活動、新生兒借閱證辦理等活動。 本研究目的希望可以透過對於活動執行者與參與者的調查研究，來檢視新北市辦理「閱讀起步走」之具體成效、參與者的滿意情形，以及活動執行者在活動辦理過程中所遭遇的困境，據以歸納相關經驗，提出未來發展建議供其他縣市辦理「閱讀起步走」計畫之參考。 本研究主要以問卷調查法與訪談法進行資料的分析。首先針對參與過「閱讀起步走」的嬰幼兒家長採隨機抽樣的方式進行活動滿意度問卷調查，共計有效樣本為250份；另擇選6位活動承辦人員與3位參與家長進行深度訪談，以得知活動執行者與參與者對於活動本身的實際看法。 研究結果顯示： 一、參與民眾與承辦館員普遍肯定「閱讀起步走」的政策與理念，並認為此活動有助於落實親子共讀觀念。 二、參與民眾對於館員的服務態度、活動內容的滿意度較高，對於活動的時間與場地安排、館舍硬體設備、館藏內容數量等滿意度較低。 三、參與民眾認為目前圖書館所採用的行銷方式在日常生活中並無法明確感受到，因此對於現行的行銷方式滿意度最低。 四、承辦館員在推動「閱讀起步走」時所遭遇最大的問題在於人力與宣傳的不足。 五、承辦館員認為影響活動辦理的因素為人力與空間環境。 六、各館在推動「閱讀起步走」時所需之協助為增加人力及官方統一宣傳。 本研究對於「閱讀起步走」未來的發展建議有： 一、充實嬰幼兒書籍館藏，提升閱讀品質。 二、家長學習課程可以團體型態的工作坊或讀書會進行。 三、整合目前的宣傳策略，由官方力量統一推動。 四、提升圖書禮袋發放的普及率。 五、持續推動相關政策，銜接目前所欠缺之閱讀階段。 / Over the years, reading for infants and toddlers has gained attention from the society. In February 2006, Hsin-Yi Foundation, by means of recruiting cooperative efforts from Taichung County Government and Taipei City Government, initiated Bookstart, a reading activity for parents and kids, in Taiwan. Three year later, New Taipei City started to execute Bookstart, including a good number of funny, inspiring activities such as granting participants with a “Bookstart Pack”, holding parent-kid reading seminars, story-reading for newborns and applying for library cards for newborns. The study aims to conduct a survey among in-charge librarians and participants, and evaluate the actual effects of Bookstart executed in New Taipei City, including to what extent participants are satisfied with the activities, and the problems or predicament encountered by in-charge librarians in the process of implementation. By so doing, the study induces relevant experiences and offer suggestions for other counties or cities that intend to execute the program of Bookstart in the future. The study undertakes the analysis of the data with questionnaire investigation method and interviewing method. To start with, by means of random sampling, a questionnaire over satisfaction is conducted among the parents with young-aged kids who have participated in Bookstart; effective copies were 250. Meanwhile, 6 in-charge librarians and 3 parents were selected to take in-depth interviews, so as to better explore the thoughts and ideas of the aforementioned people. The research results have indicated that: 1.The participating citizens and librarians all give approval for the notions of Bookstart, thinking it beneficial to the promotion of parent-kid reading. 2.The participating citizens have a better satisfaction over the librarians’ attitude of service and the content of the activity, yet their satisfaction for the time and venue of the activity, the hardware facilities of the library and the quality and quantity of the stock is relatively low. 3.Participated citizens do not think the promotion adopted by the library has been well received in everyday life, and hence have the lowest satisfaction for current promotion. 4.The most serious problems facing up to in-charge librarians were short of manpower and insufficient promotion. 5.In-charge librarians regard the factors that affect the quality of activities as manpower and the environment of the library. 6.The assistance needed in promoting Bookstart includes “adding manpower” and “a packaged promotion by the government”. Hence, the study offers suggestions for the future development of Bookstart as follows: 1.Enrich the collection of books for infants and young children to enhance reading quality. 2.Parents learning courses can group types of workshops or study will be conducted. 3.The current promotion strategies shall be incorporated, and the activity should be promoted by the government as a package. 4.To enhance reading the penetration rate paid by the Bookstart packs. 5.Related policies should be publicized in the future, so the new program can be connected with the current one by adding a “reading phase”.

本研究以2014年台北市長選舉，連勝文陣營為個案，探討其電視競選廣告的產製策略。首先根據外在環境因素與內在組織因素，將選戰劃分為三個時期，再分別探討連勝文陣營在這三個時期的競選傳播策略，以及組織動力，如何影響電視競選廣告的產製。研究方法為深度訪談法與參與觀察法。 研究結果顯示，由於連勝文陣營缺乏競選傳播策略，無法產製有效文宣，在選戰早期就該形塑的候選人定位也始終不明。選戰中遭遇危機，無法適時調整策略，競選廣告沒有扣連明確功能，而成為創意的試驗場，甚至造成反效果。 若從組織動力的角度切入，連勝文陣營競選傳播策略不明的問題，與遲遲無法建立領導核心有關。競選陣營的決策機制，往往是多元與效率的拉鋸，但為了因應瞬息萬變的選戰情勢，必要時應以效率為先，只是在組織與內規建立時，也應設下內控機制。 / This research focuses on Sean Lien camp’s strategy on the production of televised campaign communication during the 2014 Taipei city Mayoral election. First, the campaign can be divided into three phrases in terms of external factor and internal factor. This research will further look into the campaign communication strategy, and how televised campaign communication of Lien camp’s organization during the three phrases. The research methods are in-depth interview and observation in person. The research results show that Lien camp lacks campaign communication strategy, so Lien camp cannot produce effective campaign ads during his campaign. Lien camp fails to identify what kind of the candidate will play if elected, and also cannot adjust its campaign strategy to cope with urgent situation. Lien camp’s campaign communication cannot effectively promote candidate, but just to become the experiment of imagination and leads to counter-effect to the campaign. Judging from Lien camp’s organization, Lien camp fails to establish a clear leadership which is related to ineffectiveness of campaign communication. Decision-making mechanism of campaign headquarters is the tug-of-war between diversity and effectiveness. Sometimes, campaign headquarters must set effective measures as top priority in order to deal with changing campaign situation. However, internal control mechanism must be built while the establishment of organization of campaign headquarters and internal rules.

本研究分五章十六節，主要在探討（１）不同年級、性別對自我統整發展的影響。（ ２）學業成敗歸因及人際親和成敗歸因是否因年級、性別之不同而不同。（３）不同 自我統整程度者在學業成敗歸因及人際親和成敗歸因之差異，及是否因性別之不同而 不同。 研究樣本以台北市高中生３９６人（男１９９，女１９７），及政大、東吳學生３４ ８人（男１５６，女１９２）。研究工具包括：（１）學業成敗歸因量表；（２）人 際親和成敗歸因量表；（３）自我統整量表。採多變項變異數分析，變異數分析，事 後考驗，T 考驗等方法分析資料。 研究結果發現：（１）就整體自我統整的發展，不同年級、性別者並無顯著的差異均 以尋求方向者最多，迷失方向者最少。（２）年級、性別在人際親和成敗歸因上有顯 著的交互作用，而學業成敗歸因僅主要效果顯著。（３）不同自我統整程度者其學業 成敗歸因及人際親和成敗歸因有顯著差異，然性別之影響並不顯著。

本研究共壹冊，約七萬字，分成五章十七節。研究的目的有二： （一）探討刺激尋求動機與創造力、偏差行為的關係，以期對青少年問題提供一個合 理的解釋。 （二）根據研究結果，提出結論和建議，以做為今後青少年教育之參考。 研究樣本包括大台北地區（台北市、台北縣）三九八名國中、高中、高職的男性在學 學生以及一一七名台北少年觀護所的男性少年。研究結果發現： （一）一般青少年和犯罪青少年在刺激尋求、創造力及環境支持的分數上有顯著差異 ，犯罪青少年比一般青少年具有較高的刺激尋求動機和創造力，以及具有較少的環境 支持。 （二）高、低刺激尋求者在創造力及偏差行為上有顯著差異。不管是一般青少年或是 犯罪青少年，高刺激尋求者皆比低刺激尋求者具有較多的創造力及偏差行為。 （三）不同環境支持者在偏差行為上有顯著差異。其中以中度環境支持者的偏差行為 最高，並且顯著高於高環境支持者。但在創造力分數上則沒有顯著差異。 根據以上結果，加以討論，並提出建議，以做為今後青少年教育之參考。