<p>Syftet med studien var att undersöka ungdomars uttryckta attityder gentemot alkoholrelaterade handlingar samt att ta reda på hur de upplever den subjektiva normen från föräldrarna. Frågeställningarna var: Vilken attityd uttrycker ungdomen gentemot alkoholrelaterade handlingar? Hur uppfattar ungdomen den subjektiva normen från föräldrar och vänner när det gäller alkoholrelaterade handlingar? Finns det något samband mellan ungdomens uttryckta attityd gentemot alkoholrelaterade handlingar och upplevelsen av föräldrarnas attityd gentemot alkoholrelaterade handlingar? Hur skiljer sig de uttryckta attityderna åt mellan ungdomarna beroende på kulturell bakgrund och kön? Den kvantitativa utgångspunkten valdes för studien och Theory of Planned Behaviour användes som teoretisk utgångspunkt. Resultatet visade att respondenterna uttrycker främst negativa attityder gentemot alkoholrelaterade handlingar. Respondenterna upplever en negativ subjektiv norm från föräldrarna. Resultatet visade inga större könspecifika skillnader, dock framkom det skillnader beroende på kulturell bakgrund. Studien visade att både föräldrars och vänners attityder har inflytande över ungdomar samt över hur de formar sina attityder.</p>

<p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om skolungdomar har fördomar mot människor med en annan trosuppfattning/livsåskådning än den egna. Frågeställningarna handlar om ifall det finns en vanligt förekommande attityd mot människor med en annan religiös/kulturell bakgrund bland elever i grundskolans senare år, om det skiljer sig åt mellan pojkar och flickor och om eleverna känner av om det finns fördomar på skolan. Metoderna som använts i den här studien är en enkätundersökning och intervjuer. Studiens resultat visar att majoriteten av eleverna har en positiv attityd mot människor med en annan religiös/kulturell bakgrund än deras egen. Det är endast en minoritet av eleverna som har en negativ attityd. Flickorna är mer toleranta mot människor med annan religiös/kulturell bakgrund än pojkarna. Eleverna känner av att det finns fördomar bland eleverna på skolan och dessa yttrar sig på olika sätt. Det är till exempel mycket prat bakom ryggen på muslimerna om varför de får ha slöja och att de, när de nu bor i Sverige, måste anpassa sig efter det svenska livet.</p>

Syftet med studien var att undersöka ungdomars uttryckta attityder gentemot alkoholrelaterade handlingar samt att ta reda på hur de upplever den subjektiva normen från föräldrarna. Frågeställningarna var: Vilken attityd uttrycker ungdomen gentemot alkoholrelaterade handlingar? Hur uppfattar ungdomen den subjektiva normen från föräldrar och vänner när det gäller alkoholrelaterade handlingar? Finns det något samband mellan ungdomens uttryckta attityd gentemot alkoholrelaterade handlingar och upplevelsen av föräldrarnas attityd gentemot alkoholrelaterade handlingar? Hur skiljer sig de uttryckta attityderna åt mellan ungdomarna beroende på kulturell bakgrund och kön? Den kvantitativa utgångspunkten valdes för studien och Theory of Planned Behaviour användes som teoretisk utgångspunkt. Resultatet visade att respondenterna uttrycker främst negativa attityder gentemot alkoholrelaterade handlingar. Respondenterna upplever en negativ subjektiv norm från föräldrarna. Resultatet visade inga större könspecifika skillnader, dock framkom det skillnader beroende på kulturell bakgrund. Studien visade att både föräldrars och vänners attityder har inflytande över ungdomar samt över hur de formar sina attityder.

Idag går majoriteten av eleverna vidare från grundskolan till gymnasiet. Valalternativen är många och eleverna ställs inför ett beslut som kan vara svårt att ta. Studien handlar om gymnasievalet och beskriver skolan under 1900-talet samt karriärvägledningsteorier och socialpsykologiska teorier som kan appliceras på elevernas beslutsprocess. Syftet är att undersöka faktorer som påverkar eleverna i deras val för att ge ökade kunskaper och insikt till studie och yrkesvägledningens profession. I en undersökning med elever från det naturvetenskapliga programmet på gymnasiet har en kvantitativ metod använts. Parallellt har även en litteraturstudie bidragit med uppgifter från tidigare forskning inom området. Resultaten från studien visar hur eleverna uppfattar faktorer som kan påverka dem. Resultaten pekar på att eleverna anser att de väljer utifrån uppsatta mål som att gå en utbildning som ger bred grund för vidare studier och inte är så beroende av omgivningen. Studien visar också att det finns faktorer i elevens sociala sfär som påverkar dem vilket överensstämmer med tidigare forskning såsom föräldrar med högskoleutbildning eller ett samhällsklimat som idag förutsätter att ungdomar skolar sig längre än tidigare. / Today the majority of pupils proceed from the nine-year compulsory school to upper secondary school. There are several choices available and the pupils face a difficult decision. This study is about the choice of upper secondary school and describes the Swedish school system during the 20th century and the theories of career guidance and social psychology that can be applied to pupils’ decision-making. The aim is to examine factors affecting the pupils in their choices to provide increased knowledge and insight into the counselling profession. A quantitative method has been used in a study with pupils from the science programme in upper secondary school. In parallel, a literature study has contributed with data from previous research in this field. The results of the study show how pupils perceive the factors that may affect them. The results indicate that pupils make their choices on the basis of set targets like choosing an education that provides a broad basis for further studies and are not particularly affected by their social surrounding. The study also shows that there are factors in the pupil’s social sphere affecting them which is consistent with previous research, such as parents with higher education or a social climate that now requires that young people stay in education longer than before.

We have chosen to analyze how four well known sex crimes were presented in the Swedish national daily newspapers in the 2000s. We chose this topic because sex crimes are considered one of the most terrible crimes. Sex crimes involve the media and upset the society. Our purpose was to analyze if we could identify stereotypes and prejudices about sex crimes in the press reports. The four sex crimes were: Rissne case in 2000, Tumba case in 2003, Hagamannen case in 2006 and the Stureplan case in 2007. We have read all the news stories from the Swedish national daily newspapers Svenska dagbladet and Expressen about our four cases. We analyzed a total of 40 articles, five articles from Svenska dagbladet and five articles from Expressen to each case. It was a strategic choice that resulted in ten articles per case from two national daily newspapers. We had three discourses in focus: gender, ethnicity and social background, when we analyzed the sex crimes. The method we used was a qualitative text analysis. Our purpose was to analyze how sex offenders and their victims were presented in the national Swedish daily newspapers. The main question was how gender, ethnicity and social background affect the presentation of the perpetrators and their victims. We have concluded that sex crimes are permeated by myths and that Helen Benedict´s eleven rape myths regarding the reporting about sex crimes in the United States several years ago are constantly reproduced in Swedish newspapers in the 2000s. These prejudices are a problem on an individual, national and global level.

The aim of this thesis is to find out whether or not a guest’s cultural background is being considered when working with service quality management in the Ibis hotels. By doing qualitative interviews with both managers and front-office staff at three different Ibis hotels in the Stockholm area, the thesis analyzes the hotel chain’s way of working with service quality management on several levels of hierarchy within the company. The academic world is just starting to acknowledge the effect of culture on customer’s perceptions on service quality, while the tourism industry is still not paying attention. Our research has shown that the Ibis hotels do not consider the cultural background of their guests when working with service quality management, although they do seem to understand that doing so could help them avoid cultural shocks and lower the risks of service failures.

Numerous studies raise the topic of highly educated immigrants whose education and list of qualifications devalue in the context of the Swedish labour market. However, little is known of those with foreign background who enter into higher education in Sweden. Our study attempts to shed some light onto the value of higher education relative to that of a person’s ethnic background. The background material features nine in-depth interviews of foreign background academics, as well as data extracted from an extensive survey study previously carried out at Växjö University.  Initially, the quantitative data showed that students with foreign background, including Swedish-born children of immigrants, had not managed to find qualified work upon completion of studies to the same extent as their Swedish background counterparts. The individual stories given in interviews support the assumption that social capital, in the form of access to networks or membership thereof, may decide the physical location of individual careers. Those who stayed in the region were either brought up locally or had established themselves through work practice. In some respects, those who left can be considered outsiders, whose chances of finding work largely depended on their establishing themselves elsewhere. Some had managed to find qualified work beyond their own acquaintances, but only through a long period of unemployment or doing unqualified work. When it comes to the ethnic backgrounds of the interviewed, positive and negative aspects were brought up by some, while others did not consider it relevant with respect to their own careers. However, their stories provide examples of how ethnicity works as a deciding factor on the labour market in much the same way as, for instance, class and gender. In turn, this is an indication of underlying mechanisms on the labour market that rest on social ties.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om skolungdomar har fördomar mot människor med en annan trosuppfattning/livsåskådning än den egna. Frågeställningarna handlar om ifall det finns en vanligt förekommande attityd mot människor med en annan religiös/kulturell bakgrund bland elever i grundskolans senare år, om det skiljer sig åt mellan pojkar och flickor och om eleverna känner av om det finns fördomar på skolan. Metoderna som använts i den här studien är en enkätundersökning och intervjuer. Studiens resultat visar att majoriteten av eleverna har en positiv attityd mot människor med en annan religiös/kulturell bakgrund än deras egen. Det är endast en minoritet av eleverna som har en negativ attityd. Flickorna är mer toleranta mot människor med annan religiös/kulturell bakgrund än pojkarna. Eleverna känner av att det finns fördomar bland eleverna på skolan och dessa yttrar sig på olika sätt. Det är till exempel mycket prat bakom ryggen på muslimerna om varför de får ha slöja och att de, när de nu bor i Sverige, måste anpassa sig efter det svenska livet.

The purpose of this study is to examine how school meals are organized in a selection of Stockholm's secondary schools and to examine the relationship between school meals and the different parameters that indicate each school's symbolic capital and educational capital. By looking at the statistics from each school on the basis of the final grade average, percentage of pupils with foreign background and gender, I examine whether it is possible to see a relationship between how schools organize meals and which pupils attend the school.  In my study, I systematically went through each school's website and tried to identify how school meals at each school are organized. To increase the validity of the study, I have also conducted a questionnaire survey by mail addressed to school principals.   In order to analyse and understand my results and put them in relation to my current knowledge about the schools in my sample, I am using Bourdieu's theoretical tools that a given aid, both in methodological and analytical purpose. Based on Bourdieu's theories of symbolic capital, cultural capital and educational capital, I can understand and analyse school meals are organized and focused as part of schools' symbolic assets in competition with other schools.   The first part of the study shows that there are four different organizational models for school meals, fully equipped kitchen and canteen, heating kitchen and canteen, school meals in restaurants and school meal card.    In the second part, I have examined the relationship between the type of organization for school meals used and the symbolic resources available at the school. I can conclude from the results that it is difficult to find a correlation between the symbolic resources and the different categories. But even though it is not possible to see all the schools' symbolic assets equally clear, there are still some very telling examples. In many ways, these examples can be seen as polar opposites to each other based on Mikael Palme’s concepts ”goal rational” and ”education oriented” schools.

<p>Numerous studies raise the topic of highly educated immigrants whose education and list of qualifications devalue in the context of the Swedish labour market. However, little is known of those with foreign background who enter into higher education in Sweden. Our study attempts to shed some light onto the value of higher education relative to that of a person’s ethnic background. The background material features nine in-depth interviews of foreign background academics, as well as data extracted from an extensive survey study previously carried out at Växjö University. </p><p>Initially, the quantitative data showed that students with foreign background, including Swedish-born children of immigrants, had not managed to find qualified work upon completion of studies to the same extent as their Swedish background counterparts. The individual stories given in interviews support the assumption that social capital, in the form of access to networks or membership thereof, may decide the physical location of individual careers. Those who stayed in the region were either brought up locally or had established themselves through work practice. In some respects, those who left can be considered outsiders, whose chances of finding work largely depended on their establishing themselves elsewhere. Some had managed to find qualified work beyond their own acquaintances, but only through a long period of unemployment or doing unqualified work.</p><p>When it comes to the ethnic backgrounds of the interviewed, positive and negative aspects were brought up by some, while others did not consider it relevant with respect to their own careers. However, their stories provide examples of how ethnicity works as a deciding factor on the labour market in much the same way as, for instance, class and gender. In turn, this is an indication of underlying mechanisms on the labour market that rest on social ties.</p>