Internettjänsten The Pirate Bay fälldes av Svea hovrätt den 26 november 2010 för medhjälp till brott mot URL med motiveringen att denna tjänst främjat fildelning av upphovsrättsligt skyddat material utan upphovsmännens samtycke. Bestämmelsen i 23 kap 4 § 2 st. BrB lyder, ”ansvar som i denna balk är föreskrivet för viss gärning skall ådömas inte bara den som utfört gärningen utan även annan som främjat denna med råd eller dåd. Detsamma skall gälla beträffande i annan lag eller författning straffbelagd gärning, för vilken fängelse är föreskrivet.” I dagsläget finns ett flertal tjänster av liknande karaktär såsom söktjänsten Google och videotjänsten Youtube. Dessa har inte prövats av svensk rätt men åtnjuter skydd av E-handelslagen trots att de i praktiken kan anses fungera som The Pirate Bay. Skillnaden är att dessa aktivt handlar för att förebygga förekomsten av upphovsrättsligt skyddat material utan upphovsmännens samtycke. Trots detta förekommer en betydande mängd upphovsrättsligt skyddat material som med stor sannolikhet inte gjorts tillgängligt för allmänheten med upphovsmännens samtycke. Dessa aktörer kan teoretiskt sätt upprätta en policy mot spridning av olovligt material som är tillräcklig för att väga upp den skadan som tillförs upphovsmännen, på så sätt åtnjuter de titeln informationssamhällets tjänst, de vill säga samhällsnyttan väger över den tillförda skadan enligt E-handelslagen. Hovrättens deldom i Pirate Bay-målet är nu en milstolpe för dessa aktörer avseende tolkningen av medhjälpsbegreppet i BrB, men det är ändock av vikt att HD samt EU-domstolen klargör den diffusa gränsen mellan definitionen informationssamhällets tjänst och tolkningen av ordalydelsen i 23 kap 4 § 2 st. BrB (medhjälpsbegreppet). / The Pirate Bay was convicted by the Svea Court of Appeals in November 26, 2010 for aiding in crime against Swedish Copyright Law on the grounds that this service promoted the sharing of copyright material without the authors’ consent. The wording in chapter 23, paragraph 4, part 2 of the Swedish Criminal Code reads, "responsibilities in this section are prescribed for a specific act, it shall be imposed not only on those who carried out the deed, but also the one that facilitated this by giving advice or carrying out deeds. The same shall apply in relation to another law or constitutional criminal offense for which imprisonment is prescribed." Nowadays there are several services of similar nature such as the search engine Google and the video streaming service Youtube. These services have not been tested by Swedish law, since they are protected by the Swedish E-Commerce Law. Google and Youtube actively take actions to prevent the occurrence of copyrighted material without the authors' consent. However, there is a considerable amount of copyright material, which most probably has been made available to the public without the authors' consent. These companies can in theory establish a policy against the proliferation of unauthorized materials in an amount sufficient to offset the damage which affects the copyright owners, but still enjoy the title of information society services in the E-Commerce Law, since the social benefits are larger than the caused injury. The Swedish Court of Appeal's judgement is now a landmark for similar services when it comes to the interpretation of aiding crime against the Swedish copyright law. It is nevertheless important that the Supreme Court of Sweden and the EU-court defines the cloudy boundary between the definition information society services and the interpretation of the wording in the 23 chapter 4 § 2 part, Swedish penal code.

The purpose of this essay is to examine and explain how the Swedish mining court of Stora Kopparberget (the Great Copper Mountain) implemented its judicial legislation between 1641-1682. Questions are asked about which counts of indictments the court tried, which sentences they handed out, in what quantities and how these results looks in comparison with other contemporary courts. The index cards of the court judicial protocols are the primary source of information. The methods are those of quantity- and comparative analysis.The results show that theft of copper ore was the most common crime ransacked by the court. Other common crimes were (in order): sin of omission, transgression of work directions, fights, slander and disdain, trade of stolen ore, failing appearance in court etc.Fines were by far the most common sentence followed by shorter imprisonments, gauntlets, loss of right to mine possession, twig beating, loss of work, penal servitude, banishment, “wooden horse riding” and finally military transcription. Even though previous re-search, in the field of Swedish specialized courts, is almost non existent evidence confirms great similarities between the Stora Kopparberget mining court and Sala mining court. This essay will, hopefully, enrich our knowledge of specialized courts, of 17th century mining industry and society and let us reach a broader understanding of the working conditions of the mountain.

This study focus on how two local news papers in the northen part of Sweden reported about the investigation of illegal hunting, called Kalixhärvan, in the years of 1983-1984. The study also adress how this newspapers presented the agents that is mentioned in the newsarticles, who played an importent part during the investigation. The study is based on the analysis of eight articles involving the investigation. The aricales is selected from march 1983 to march 1984. The analys is made using the method of critical linguistics and with the theoretical ground in theories of masculinity and stereotypes. Critical linguistics has five methodological tools which are used in the study. The results of this study showed that the news articles uses stereotypes, language and words to make the news more thrilling. The study also showed that the police goes against the given stereotype in the way that the are portrayed as criminales. The hunters are mostley portrayed as an northern-Swedish stereotype, which are a person who loves the nature, hunting, snowmobiles, weapons and lives in a macho-culture. But they are also portrayed as a criminal group of pepole, who are hunting illegaly with illegal weapones. The study also shows how the witness of the crime are threatened by both hunters and police officers.

A wide range of professions is enjoying the privilege of standardized work, where a document states what operations are the best way to go about any given task. In the work of a digital forensic examiner, standards and guidelines are harder to define given the full range of tasks and continuously developing digital aspect. This study has the goal of mapping out existing digital forensic standards and examining whether or not any digital standards and guidelines are being used in the field of law enforcement. This study is also setting out to explain why, or why not these standards and guidelines are being used. This task is being performed using a literary study, using existing digital forensic standards, and also a set of interviews targeting digital forensics working in law enforcement. The study shows how digital forensic standards are not actively being used, and when guidelines are being used, they are used somewhat vaguely and not firmly enforced. The work of a digital forensic proves to use a more “best practice” approach where experience and competence are key. Standards and guidelines are being used so rarely because, with the extremely different cases, the constant development of technology, and the use of “unrestrained evaluation of evidence”; it simply cannot exist without limiting the digital forensic process.

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Victim offender mediation is practiced to less extent in Sweden despite the method being a statutory municipal obligation. Recommendations from the existing research is to investigate the identified problems of mediation. In the first part of this qualitative study an integrative literature study has been applied to existing research on the experiences of professional mediators. The second part of the study is conducted through interviews with politicians with emphasis on the fact that a statutory municipal method is used to less extent while the nation is calling for crime prevention. The results are subsequently analyzed from organizational theory and new public management theory. The results show that there are uncertainties about the mediator's position in the legal system, indicating a discrepancy between the legislature´s intention and the social regulation and the practical activities, thus indicating existing exclusion processes within the mediation system. The results of the study also show that the legislation needs to be modified as to meet the need of social work with youth offenders. The increased debate regarding juvenile delinquency and the demand of punitive policies has created a polarization in society where the attitudes and knowledge of victim offender mediation as a method are disparate thus creating the paradox of calling out for new methods contrary using existing ones that are evaluated, implemented and legislated, such as victim offender mediation.

Enligt forskning har kvinnor en högre rädsla för brott än män. En förklaring är att kvinnors rädsla för sexuella brott ökar rädslan för alla typer av brott. Andra faktorer som har visat sig påverka rädsla för brott är fysisk och psykisk ohälsa. Dessa faktorer och teorin om att kvinnors rädsla för brott påverkas av rädsla för sexuella brott kan innebära att smärtsjukdomar som vulvodyni och vaginism som innebär svår smärta vid penetration och / eller beröring av slidan gör att kvinnor som lider av det kan uppleva en högre rädsla av brottslighet än andra kvinnor. Studiens syfte var att undersöka om vulvodyni har en inverkan på kvinnors rädsla för brott. Deltagarna bestod av 243 kvinnor (medelålder= 24,58, SD= 5,15) med (n=129) och utan (n=114) vulvodyni. Resultaten av studien indikerar att vulvodyni påverkar rädsla för brott och gör kvinnor som lider av den mer rädda för brott än de utan vulvodyni. Kvinnor med vulvodyni har också en högre rädsla för sexualbrott som våldtäkt och sexuella trakasserier. Vulvodyni visar på en unik association till rädsla för brott vid kontroll över andra variabler som tidigare forskning visat samband med rädsla för brott. Rädsla för sexualbrott visar också associationer med rädsla för andra brott hos kvinnor med och utan vulvodyni. Mer forskning om ämnet behövs för att se hur kvinnor med vulvodyni resonerar om sin rädsla för brott. / According to research, women have a higher fear of crime than men. one explanation is that women's fear of sexual offenses increases the fear of all types of crime. Other factors that have been shown to affect fear of crime are physical and mental health. The factors and the theory that women's fear of crime is affected by fear of sexual offenses could mean that pain diseases such as vulvodynia and vaginism that involve severe pain when penetrating and/or touching the vagina make women who suffer from it to have a higher fear of crime than other women. The purpose of the study was to investigate if vulvodynia has an impact on women's fear of crime. The study sample consisted of 243 women (mean age=24,58, SD= 5,15) with (n= 129) and without (n=114) vulvodynia. The results of the study indicate that vulvodynia affects fear of crime and makes women who suffer from it more afraid of crime than those without. Women with vulvodynia also have a higher fear of sexual offenses such as rape and sexual harassment. Vulvodynia also demonstrates having a unique compound to fear of crime proud control for other variables. Fear of sexual crime also shows associates of fear to other types of crimes for women with and without vulvodynia. More research on the subject is needed to see how women with vulvodynia reason about their fear of crime.

Allmän revisionsplikt avskaffades 1 november 2010 för att förenkla administrationen och kostnaderna för småbolag. Förhoppningen med regelförenklingen var att stärka bolagens konkurrenskraft och skapa tillväxt i ekonomin. Revisionsplikt har debatterats sedan den avskaffades. Förespråkarna inom näringslivet vill höja gränsvärden för revisionsplikt, det vill säga att fler företag skulle få valfrihet om de vill ha revision. Medan myndigheterna upplever nackdelar som ökad ekonomisk brottslighet och vill därför återinföra allmän revisionsplikt. Studiens syfte var att undersöka myndigheternas nuvarande inställning gällande hur revisionsplikten har påverkat den ekonomiska brottsligheten i Sverige. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes som bygger på sekundär- och primärdata. Studiens huvudsakliga fokus är sekundärdata som erhölls genom myndighetsrapporter, medan primärdata erhölls genom intervjuer med Ekobrottsmyndigheten och Skatteverket. För att besvara forskningsfrågan har ett abduktivt angreppssätt använts för att undersöka hur lämplig teorin är för att belysa samband i det empiriska datamaterialet. Studien tar stöd av Fraud Triangle Theory som förklarar orsakerna till ekonomiska brott och Fraud Diamond Theory som lägger till en fjärde dimension och beskriver individens förmåga att utföra brottet. I studien framkom att myndighetens farhågor om ökad ekobrottslighet hade slagit in, men att det inte går att fastställa hur mycket ekobrotten hade ökat sedan revisionsplikten avskaffandes. Vilket beror på att ekonomiska brott är komplexa och beror på ett flertal faktorer. Studien visar även på att det krävs mer än en möjlighet, såsom slopande av allmän revisionsplikt, till brott för att ett brott ska realiseras, vilket ställer överens med Diamond Fraud Theory. Många myndigheter har fortfarande en åsikt om att revisionsplikt bör återinföras, då näringslivet behöver någon form av stöd och kontroll. Allmän revisionsplikt kan troligen inte återinföras med tanke på den internationella konkurrensen. Myndigheterna föreslår därför alternativa åtgärder för att begränsa den ekonomiska brottsligheten. / The general audit obligation was abolished on 1 November 2010 to simplify the administration and costs for small companies. The hope with the simplification of the rules was to strengthen the companies’ competitiveness and create growth in the economy. The audit obligation has been debated since it was abolished. Advocates in the business community want to raise the limit values for auditing obligations, that is more companies would have freedom of choice if they want an audit. While the authorities experience disadvantages such as increased financial crime and therefore want to reintroduce a general audit obligation. The purpose of the study was to examine the authorities’ attitude on how the audit obligation has affected economic crime in Sweden.  A qualitative study was constructed based on secondary and primary data. The main focus of the study is secondary data obtained through government reports, while primary data were obtained through interviews with Ekobrottsmyndigheten and Skattemyndigheten. To answer the research question, an abductive approach has been used to investigate how appropriate the theory is för elucidating connections in the empirical data material. The study is supported by the Fraud Triangle Theory which explains the causes of economic crime and the Fraud Diamond Theory which adds a fourth dimension and describes the individual’s ability to commit crime. The study revealed that the authority’s fears of increased eco-crime had taken hold, but that it was not possible to determine how much the eco-crime had increased since the audit obligation was abolished. Which is because economic crimes are complex and depend on a number of factors. The study also shows that more than one possibility of crime, such as general audit obligation, is required for a crime to be realized, which is in line with Diamond Fraud Theory. Many authorities still have an opinion that the audit obligation should be reintroduced, as the business community needs some form of support and control. The general audit obligation can probably not be reintroduced in view of international competition. The authorities are therefore proposing alternative measures to limit economic crime.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how five individuals ended up in a criminal lifestyle and what other factors may have had an impact on the path to a criminal lifestyle. The study is based on qualitative interviews in combination with a thematic analysis method, to find patterns around the respondents statements. As men are generally overrepresented in terms of criminal groups in crime statistics, we have chosen to limit the study to only examining men who have had a previous criminal lifestyle. The study’s theoretical framework and earlier research show that the environment and social interactions have an effect on however a person develops a criminal lifestyle. Earlier research opined that social ties to society, family, friends and school have a major impact on whether a human becomes a criminal or not. The study’s results show four prominent themes that the respondents have described in their life stories; identity, relationships, sense of community and living environment and financial vulnerability. The study concludes that all themes affect and interact with each other, which affects whether an individual develops a criminal lifestyle. The study shows that an individual ends up in a criminal lifestyle due to external factors and thus does not make an active choice to become a criminal. As this study is based on a very small sample group, further research with a larger sample group is relevant in order to better understand the reasons why an individual ends up in a criminal lifestyle.

The purpose of the study was to examine concern and exposure to crime in relation to the individual’s close relative’s/close friend's exposure to crime. Two binary logistic regressions were used based on data from a crime survey done by the Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention. Previous research and victimological theories indicated that additional factors could be relevant to risk of exposure to crime. The identified factors were gender, age, academic achievements, occupation and whether the respondent was living alone. However the main focus of the study was close relative’s/close friend’s exposure to crime and its effect on the individual's concern and exposure to crime, in relation to the lifestyle and routine activities theory. The logistic regressions were used to analyse the data and the results indicated that risk for concern and exposure to crime was substantially higher if the individual had a close relative/close friend who was exposed to crime. The control variables and their effect on the aforementioned relationship were as previous research suggested it would be, and were used to explain some of the variance. / Studiens syfte var att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan individens oro och utsatthet för brott och individens närståendes utsatthet för brott. För att undersöka det här användes data från Brottsförebyggande rådets nationella trygghetsundersökning och det genomfördes två logistiska regressionsanalyser. En genomgång av tidigare forskning och viktimologiska teorier indikerade att ett flertal faktorer påverkar risken för utsatthet. De faktorerna som identifierades och användes som kontrollvariabler var kön, ålder, utbildningsnivå, sysselsättning och boendesituation. Det primära fokuset i studien var om risken för oro och utsatthet påverkas av en närståendes utsatthet och om det kan förklaras av rutinaktiviteter och livsstil. Resultatet utifrån de logistiska regressionsanalyser visade att risken för att individen var orolig och/eller utsatt för brott ökade om individen hade en närstående som var utsatt för brott. Kontrollvariablernas påverkan stämde överens med förväntningar från tidigare forskning och bidrog till att förklara en del av variansen i respektive beroende variabel.