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In recent years media have reported increasing gun violence in what media call “vulnerable areas” (in Swedish “utsatta områden”). This study aimed to analyse the present discourse regarding “vulnerable areas”, with the purpose of highlighting how media produce information about these areas. In this study, the portrait of “vulnerable areas” through news articles from the Swedish newspapers Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet from the last year were analysed. The primary research question was the selection of spokesperson which thereby forms the discourse. Based on discourse theory, social constructivism and the power of language have been used as theoretical tools for analysis. The results indicate that media predominantly portrays “vulnerable areas” with a negative language use. People with authority are often allowed to express themselves and shape the discourse. The three most frequently themes in the articles were: criminality, insecurity, and distrust in authorities. In our concluding remarks we discuss how underlying structural reasons that leads to social consequences in “vulnerable areas” seldom are mentioned and can be better reported by media. Furthermore, we discuss the need of future research. / I takt med det senaste årets intensiva medierapportering om det ökade skjutvapenvåldet har ”utsatta områden” kommit att bli alltmer omskrivna. Denna studie har undersökt den nuvarande diskursen av ”utsatta områden” i syfte att synliggöra hur media konstruerar och framställer dessa områden. Studien hade för avsikt att analysera hur ”utsatta områden” porträtteras i tjugo nyhetsartiklar och reportage från Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladet det senaste året. En av studiens mest centrala frågor var vilka som får komma till tals och på så sätt forma diskursen. Med utgångspunkt i diskursteori har socialkonstruktivismen och språkets makt utgjort de teoretiska analysverktygen. Resultatet visar att media övervägande porträtterar ”utsatta områden” i samband med ett negativt språkbruk. Det föreligger till viss del en maktasymmetri där personer med auktoritet ofta får uttala sig samt forma diskursen. De tre mest återkommande temana i artiklarna var; kriminalitet, otrygghet och misstro till myndigheter. Avslutningsvis förs en diskussion om huruvida strukturella orsaker som får sociala konsekvenser i ”utsatta områden” sällan lyfts i media samt förslag på framtida forskning.

Coronapandemin tog världen med storm och med den blev vaccination mot viruset ett faktum. I Göteborg påvisades skillnader i statistik på vilka som vaccinerade sig, där en utmärkande grupp som hade lägre vaccinationsgrad än övriga var boende i särskilt utsatta områden som präglas av en socioekonomisk utsatthet. Det är även konstaterat att socioekonomiskt utsatta grupper lider större risk att bli smittade och även dö av covid-19 än övriga samhällsgrupper. Därför gjordes denna kvalitativa studie med fokus på att se vad Västra Götalandsregionen tillsammans med Göteborgs stad har implementerat för åtgärder för att öka vaccineringsgraden i dessa områden. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie blev därmed att identifiera vilka insatser som har gjorts, men även att ta reda på varför insatserna ansågs vara nödvändiga. Vidare är syftet även att ta reda på tjänstepersonernas reflektioner kring arbetet. Det teoretiska perspektivet har varit att se hur region och kommun har arbetat för att stärka tilliten utifrån teorin om socialt kapital och effektiva institutioner. För att ta reda på detta har fyra intervjuer skett med företrädare för regionen och kommunen för att få olika synfallsvinklar. Resultatet visade att insatser som införts för att öka vaccinationsgraden har varit med fokus på information och kommunikation med målgruppen där personer med kultur- och språkkompetenser har varit på plats i dessa områden för att informera och skapa tillit. Både region och kommun har skapat arbetsgrupper som arbetar med dessa frågor för att hjälpas åt i ett samverkansprojekt. Regionen anlitade även mobila vaccinatörer som skulle finnas på plats i dessa områden. Respondenternas reflektioner av arbetet var att de varit nöjda med sina insatser men de har även stött på vissa hinder som till exempel tidsbrist och att de mobila vaccinatörerna upphörde att vaccinera under en viss tid. / The corona pandemic took the world by storm and with it, vaccination against the virus became a fact. In Gothenburg, differences were shown in statistics on who was vaccinated, where a distinct group that had a lower vaccination rate than the others were living in particularly vulnerable areas that are characterized by a socio-economic vulnerability. It has also been established that socio-economically vulnerable groups suffer a greater risk of becoming infected and also dying from covid-19 than other social groups. Therefore, this qualitative study was done with a focus on seeing what the Västra Götaland region is together with the City of Gothenburg has implemented measures to increase the vaccination rate in these areas. The purpose of this qualitative study was thus to identify which efforts have been made, but also to find out why the efforts were considered necessary. Furthermore, the purpose is also to find out the employees' reflections on the work. The theoretical perspective has been to see how the region and municipality have worked to strengthen trust from outside the theory of social capital and effective institutions. To find out, four interviews were conducted with representatives of the region and the municipality to get different points of view. The results showed that efforts introduced to increase the vaccination rate have focused on information and communication with the target group, where people with cultural and language skills have been in place in these areas to inform and create trust. Both the region and the municipality have created working groups that work with these issues to help in a collaborative project. The region also hired mobile vaccinators who would be on site in these areas. The respondents' reflections on the work were that they were satisfied with their efforts, but they have also encountered certain obstacles such as lack of time and that the mobile vaccinators stopped vaccinating for a certain period of time.

Syftet med studien var att skildra hur områdespoliser beskriver sitt kunskapsbaserade brottsförebyggande arbete i särskilt utsatta områden, riskområden samt utsatta områden. Detta har genomförts med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer med områdespoliser stationerade i nämnda områden. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys har tillämpats för att studera datamaterialet. Vidare har materialet analyserats för att skildra om och hur områdespolisers arbetssätt kan kopplas till de kunskapsbaserade brottsförebyggande metoderna community-oriented policing samt problem- oriented policing. En varsam slutledning tyder på att delar av community-oriented policing som förhållningssätt kan kopplas till områdespolisers uppdrag. Utifrån resultatet kan problem- oriented policing som förhållningssätt till viss del utrönas. Däremot saknas essentiella delar från community-oriented policing och problem-oriented policing, följaktligen tyder det på att metoderna inte implementerats fullt ut. / The purpose of the study was to narrate how community police officer ́s describe their evidence-based crime prevention work in particularly-vulnerable-, risk-, and vulnerable areas. This has been accomplished from qualitative interviews with community police  officer ́s stationed in the mentioned areas. A qualitative content analysis has been applied to study the data material. Furthermore, the material has been analyzed to describe whether and how community police officer ́s work can be connected to evidence-based crime prevention methods, community-oriented policing and problem-oriented policing. A cautious conclusion indicates that some parts of community-oriented policing as an approach can be linked to community police officers’ assignments. Based on the results, problem-oriented policing as an approach can to some extent be established. However, essential parts from community-oriented policing and problem-oriented policing are missing, hence, it indicates that the methods are not fully implemented.

Crime prevention and safety measures in socio-economically vulnerable areas are important incentives for creating a socially sustainable city. The topic has been debated in Sweden, and to address the challenges, a new law in Sweden will come into force on June 1, 2023, giving Swedish municipalities greater responsibility for crime prevention. Previous research indicates that crime prevention and safety promotion can be categorized based on physical and social efforts. These efforts are partly about creating better social cohesion between people and partly about changing the physical environment to make it more difficult for people to commit crimes. The master thesis aimed to study crime prevention and safety promotion measures in two socio-economically vulnerable areas in Sweden to find out how the work can be developed through the theories of social sustainability, social disorganization theory, and collective efficacy. The results indicate that both neighborhoods work with social and physical measures, but that their circumstances are different. This is because crime statistics indicate that Gottsunda has significantly more crime rates than Klockaretorpet. Finally, the results show that it is important to implement both social and physical measures in socio-economically vulnerable areas. The study was conducted through qualitative interviews with planners, police, property owners, and one social sustainability consultant. A document analysis of policy documents has also been conducted. Furthermore, crime statistics from the police have been analyzed to visualize the number of reported crimes in the neighborhoods

Studiens syfte är att undersöka högstadielärares beskrivningar av unga i utsatta områden och det förebyggande arbete som bedrivs på skolor i utsatta områden med unga i riskzon som tenderar att hamna i kriminella nätverk. Studien är en kvalitativ ansats med hermeneutik som vetenskapsteoretisk ingång och det insamlade empiriska materialet utgår från semistrukturerade intervjuer med ett målstyrt urval. Studiens analys har gjorts i förhållande till tre teorier om stigmatisering, sociala band och strainteorin. Intervjuerna genomfördes med åtta yrkesverksamma på olika skolor i utsatta områden runtom i Sverige. Resultatet visar att de unga i utsatta områden påverkas av olika faktorer som medför en exkludering och har därför sämre förutsättningar på grund av sin bakgrund. Vidare framkommer det att relationsskapande och samverkan med föräldrar och andra aktörer är en avgörande faktor för att det förebyggande arbetet ska fungera och hålla unga i utsatta områden som är i riskzon borta från det kriminella.

Studien har genomförts efter ett förslag från ÅWL Arkitekter och handlar om hur utformningen av den fysiska miljön kan påverka känslan av trygghet. Studien behandlar ett torg i förorten Husby i norra delen av Stockholms stad där människor upplever otrygghet. Stadsdelen byggdes under det så kallade miljonprogrammet. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka faktorer i den fysiska miljön som har inverkan på människors upplevelser. Målet är att ta fram förslag på hur platsen kan fungera som en mötesplats där invånare känner sig trygga, säkra och välkomna. För att uppnå syftet och målet har undersökningar gjorts via intervjuer och egna observationer. De åtgärder i den fysiska miljön som tycks ha störst inverkan på människors upp-levda trygghet, och som ligger till grund för förslagen, är belysning, mötesplatser, verksamheter och växtlighet. Trygghet är en komplex fråga som innehåller många olika aspekter. För att lösa trygghetsproblemen krävs många olika åtgärder på flera olika områden. Utformning av den fysiska miljön kan vara en bidragande faktor. / This study is conducted on behalf of ÅWL Arkitekter and is about how the configuration and design of the physical environment can influence the perceptions of security. The study is about a square in the suburb Husby, in northern part of Stockholm. Husby is characterized by insecurity. The district was built during the so called “million apartment program”. The purpose with the study is to examine which factors in the physical environment has an influence on people’s experience and perceptions. The goal is to present a design for the square in order to make it to a meeting place, which can contribute to inhabitants’ feelings of security and safety. The study is based on interviews and observations. The actions within the physical environment that has the greatest influence on people’s perceptions of security, seems to be lightning, meeting places, common activities and vegetation. The design and proposals is based on these conceptions. Security is a complex matter and it contains various aspects. It takes a lot of actions in several areas to solve issues regarding security. The design of the physical environment can be a contributory factor among others.

To be creative or innovative is a highly praised trait within the labor market of today. Though it has often been seen as a talent only granted to a chosen few, most evidence imply that it is something that we all possess and can develop. Creativity within education also appears to have positive impacts on school-results, attendance and confidence among students. Yet creativity has a low status within the current education system, making the opportunities to develop our creative ability insufficient.  Architectural projects and development strategies focused around creativity have occurred frequently on the agenda since the release of Richard Floridas book “The Rise of the Creative Class” in 2002. An increase of creative activity has been linked to growth but lately also to gentrification, as if this was an inevitable result. The focus has been on economic growth and increased tourism, instead of what creativity can bring to the individual and the community.  This thesis aims to answer two main questions: First, how can creative places benefit the schools and communities in socio-economically challenged areas? Second, how can these creative places best be designed to achieve these benefits? Creative places refer in this thesis to public spaces that encourages creativity, which can be places for creative production but also places for experiencing creative works of others. The aim is also to implement the learnings into a design proposal, where the area Vivalla in Örebro is chosen as the site for implementation. In order to answer the first question, the paper examines the existing conditions of vulnerable areas in Sweden and some of the available research on creativity in relation to education. To gain knowledge about design aspects four existing projects that aims to be places for creativity are analyzed. The local conditions of Vivalla are mainly researched through qualitative methods of observation, interviews and a workshop with students from the local school. Finally, the ideas and findings are implemented into a design-proposal, which is a vision for a new creative platform. Rather than a finished project, the proposal should be seen as a vision showing the potentials of the site that can be used as a basis for discussion with the local actors, This paper provides some useful arguments to why creative places in socio-economically challenged areas are worth investing in and highlights the importance of an inclusive development process. Finally, it also provides a diverse view of one of Sweden’s most segregated areas.

Våldsbrottsutvecklingen har varit en central fråga i den offentliga debatten desenaste åren och LPO Storgöteborg Nordost har skildrats som ett av Sveriges mestbrottsutsatta områden. Polisen i nordöstra Göteborg har på senare år intensifieratdet proaktiva arbetet med bland annat utökad hot spot-patrullering ochimplementering av kameraövervakning. Samtidigt påträffas brister i polisensanalys- och uppföljningsarbete vilket förorsakar bristande kunskap ombrottsutvecklingen och tillämpade åtgärders brottsförebyggande effekter. Genomatt studera brottsutvecklingen över tid går det att identifiera mönster ochförändringar i brottslighetens omfattning och struktur, vilket kan användas somunderlag för mer problemorienterade analyser. Syftet med föreliggande uppsats ärföljaktligen att redogöra för hur det anmälda gatuvåldet har utvecklat sig ilokalpolisområdet mellan åren 2014-2018. Uppsatsen ämnar även att bidra medkunskap till hur utvecklingen kan förstås i termer av brottsförebyggande åtgärderspotentiella effekter. Det samlade resultatet av analyserna indikerar på naturligafluktuationer av gatuvåldet i nordöstra Göteborg de senaste åren, med undantagför år 2016 då anmälda brott ökade signifikant. Våldet tenderar att vara klustrattill särskilda platser och genom s.k. near repeat analyser kan bland annatkonstateras att risken för upprepade personrån bedöms vara hög. Samtidigtpåträffas en tydlig minskning på några av de särskilt brottsutsatta platser som varitföremål för en rad polisiära insatser de senaste åren, vilket skulle kunna indikerapå att polisens kraftansträngningar har gett resultat. Enligt poliserna själva finnsdet emellertid en antydan om att brottsligheten, istället för att minska, förflyttastill närliggande områden. Sammanfattningsvis konstateras att bidragande faktorertill utvecklingen kan vara många och att fler studier behövs som undersökerbrottsligheten i relation till åtgärdernas preventiva förmåga, för att få en mernyanserad bild av brottsutvecklingen. / The development of violent crime has been a central topic in the public debate ofrecent years and Local Police District of Northeast Gothenburg has beendescribed as one of Sweden’s most exposed areas. Northeast Gothenburg policehave in recent years intensified the proactive work with, among other things,increased hot spot policing and implementation of CCTV cameras. At the sametime, deficiencies are found in the police's analysis and follow-up work, whichcauses a lack of knowledge about crime development and the crime preventioneffects of applied measures. By studying crime development over time it ispossible to identify patterns and changes in the extent and structure of crime,which can be used as a basis for more problem-oriented analyses. The purpose ofthis thesis is to describe how reported street violence has developed in the localpolice area between 2014-2018. This paper also aims to contribute knowledge onhow this development can be understood in terms of the potential effects of crimeprevention measures. The overall result of the analyses indicates naturalfluctuation of street violence in Northeast Gothenburg in recent years, with theexception of 2016 when reported offenses increased significantly. Violence tendsto be clustered in specific places and near-repeat analysis demonstrates a greatrisk of repeated muggings. At the same time, a clear reduction is found in some ofthe particularly crime-exposed locations that have been the subject of a series ofpolice efforts in recent years. This could indicate that police efforts have yieldedresults. However, according to the police themselves, there is a suggestion thatcrime, rather than reducing, is spreading to neighboring areas. In conclusion,contributing factors to the development can be many and more studies are neededto investigate crime in relation to the preventive ability of those measures, in orderto get a more nuanced picture of crime development.

’Inspection-zones’ are political proposals that the Sweden democrats, Christian democrats and the Moderate parties have put on their agendas for the purpose of combating the gang-related crime in Sweden’s so called ‘vulnerable areas’ since 2017. The proposals entail that the police receive extended powers to, within a geographically defined area, stop and frisk people without being required to provide a reasonable suspicion of individuals committing any crimes, which is something that today works as a protection-mechanism against arbitrary interventions. The purpose of this essay is to analyze, using a critical discourse analysis as a method, how the discourse of ‘inspection-zones’ is constructed by the political parties behind the proposals and which discourses are applied to legitimize the proposals. Furthermore, the purpose is to analyze how racist power-relations are implied within the proposals. The essay is delimited to the aforementioned parties’ latest motions in the Swedish parliament and a party leader debate where the proposals were discussed. The theoretical framework consists of a perspective on how racist discourses can change and still be considered a uniform discourse, and a perspective on how white racism can be reproduced through new discursive means. Conclusions observe that the construction of ‘inspection-zones’ as a discourse is primarily articulated by the parties around gang-related crime. The discourse around gang-related crime is articulated through shootings and organized crime, which legitimizes the proposals, since these are problems that reasonable people would like to prevent. However, the conclusions also shows that a racist ‘Swedishness’-discourse by the parties is implied within the discourse of gang-related crime, making the collective basic characteristics for ‘Swedishness’ an assessment-basis by which gang-related criminality can be expected from people. To direct the focus of ‘inspection-zones’ towards ‘vulnerable areas’ that are already rich in immigrant density, combined with the construction of this racist discourse, also seems to raise the risks of racial profiling and discriminatory practices against non-white ethnic minorities – a result that the Danish people have experienced after a similar legislation was introduced in Denmark.