在本研究中，研究者選擇讓個體在有限的時間中，處理兩件工作。其中一 件工作是個人工作；另外一件工作，是團體工作。研究的主要目的有二： 第一，膫解個體在資源有限情況下，對於團體工作及個人工作的努力分配 。第二，是想探討「團體人際親疏度」與「團體目標設定方式」二變項， 是否會影響個體在上述情況下的努力分配。本研究的受試為１２６名政大 女學生，三人一組。其中互相熟識（親密組）與互不相識（疏遠組）各佔 一半。在受試來到實驗室之後，研究者將兩組受試隨機分派到無團體目標 組、參與式團體目標設定組或指派式團體目標設定組中。研究採用２ｘ３ （人際親疏：親密、疏遠；目標設定：無目標、參與式、指派式）的二因 子實驗設計，分別計量受試在「五分鐘工作時間」及「各時段」的團體、 個人工作表現各佔所有工作表現的百分比，並以問卷測量受試對於實驗處 理的一些主觀知覺。研究的結果發現：（一）整體受試者對個人工作努力 比率要比團體工作來的高。（二）親密組受試在團體工作的努力比率要比 疏遠組高。（三）參與式團體目標設定組與指派式團體目標組受試者在團 體工作上的努力比率要比無目標組來的高。（四）參與式團體目標設定組 與指派式團體目標設定組受試者在團體工作的努力比率上並無差異。（五 ）團體目標設定與團體人際親疏之間並無交互作用。（六）各組受試者在 實驗過程中整體的反應趨勢及各時段的工作反應，會隨著進行的各階段有 所差異。最後本研究跟據實驗所得結果，討論研究結果的意義及啟示。 In this study, experimenter informed subjects to per- form two tasks at the same time; one was individual task, the other was group task. The purposes of this study were to (1) investigate how subjects distributed their limited effort between group tasks and indivi- dual tasks, and (2) investigate the effects of inter- personal relationship (familiar vs. unfamiliar) and goal setting condition (no group goal vs.assigned group goal vs. participated group goal) on effort distribu- tion between individual tasks and group tasks. It was found that (1) subjects distrubuted more efforts to in- dividual tasks than group tasks , and (2) familiar group subjects distributed more effort to group tasks than unfamiliar group subjects, and (3)assigned group goal and participated group goal subjects distributed more efforts to group tasks than no group goal subjects . The implication of these findings for goal setting theory and interpersonal theory was discussed.

本研究旨在探討大學生自尊、人際關係、復原力及憂鬱行為表現間之關係，乃以大學生558人為研究對象，經運用成人復原力量表、柯氏憂鬱量表、自尊量表及人際關係量表等研究工具，獲得所需資料，再以描述統計、t檢定、皮爾遜績差相關、多元逐步迴歸分析以及階層迴歸分析等方法，進行統計分析。主要研究結果如下： 1. 大學生之整體復原力大致良好；尤其在社會資源、家庭團結、社交能力、未來組織風格以及個人強度等方面的復原力，均有良好的表現。 2. 大學生輕度至中度憂鬱者佔全體大學生的48.10%，且2/3以上的大學生有輕度以上的憂鬱行為表現。 3. 女大學生的「家庭團結」與「社會資源」的復原力表現較男大學生佳。 4. 不同性別、年級的大學生，其自尊與整體復原力之間，均存有顯著中度正相關的關係；而其自尊與憂鬱行為表現之間，均存有顯著中度負相關的關係。 5. 女大學生及大一學生的自尊與「個人強度」復原力之間，存有顯著高度正相關的關係。 6. 不同性別、年級的大學生，其人際關係與整體復原力間，存有顯著中度正相關的關係；而其人際關係與憂鬱行為表現間，存有顯著低度負相關的關係。 7. ｢自尊｣最能有效預測不同性別、年級之大學生的整體復原力及憂鬱行為表現。 8. 人際關係的｢自我揭露度｣，為預測男女大學生及大一學生復原力的第二高變項。 9. 人際關係的「和諧度」能顯著預測大三學生的復原力。 10. 人際關係的｢合作度｣，能預測男大學生與年級不同大學生的憂鬱行為表現。 11. ｢個人強度｣復原力最能預測女大學生及大一學生的憂鬱行為表現。 12. ｢社會資源｣復原力可預測男大學生與大一學生的憂鬱行為表現。 13. 不同性別、年級大學生的復原力，能在其自尊與憂鬱行為表現間，扮演調節的作用。 14. 不同性別、年級大學生的復原力，能在其人際關係與憂鬱行為表現間，扮演調節的作用。 本研究根據上述各項結果加以討論，並提出數點建議，以供後續相關實務工作及研究的參考。 / The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationships between the university students’ self-esteem, interpersonal relationship, resilience and depression. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the university students in Taiwan, and the valid sample size was 558. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The major results of the study are as follows. 1. The university students’ resilience and its factors including social resource resilience, family solidarity resilience, social skill resilience, future organizational style resilience and personal strength resilience were all above the medium level. 2. There were 48.1 percent of university students had mild to moderate depression, and two-thirds of university students had mild depression to severe depression. 3. Female students’ family solidarity resilience and social resource resilience were higher than male students. 4. Significant moderate positive correlations were found between university students’ self-esteem and resilience no matter what gender or grade they were. And there were significant moderate negative correlations between their self-esteem and depression. 5. Significant highly positive correlations were found between both female and freshman students’ self-esteem and personal strength resilience. 6. Significant moderate positive correlations were found between university students’ interpersonal relationship and resilience no matter what gender or grade they were. And there were significant moderate negative correlations between their interpersonal relationship and depression. 7. Self-esteem was the most predictive variable of university students’ resilience and depression. 8. The self-disclosure factor of interpersonal relationship was the second predictive variable of resilience of freshman students and both male and female students. 9. The harmonious factor of interpersonal relationship was the most predictive variable of junior students’ resilience. 10. The cooperation factor of interpersonal relationship was the most predictive variable of depression of male students and both freshman and junior students. 11. The personal strength resilience was the most predictive variable of depression of both female and freshman students. 12. The social resource resilience could valid predict both male and freshman students’ depression. 13. The resilience of university students had moderate effect between their self-esteem and depression no matter what gender or grade they were. 14. The resilience of university students had moderate effect between their interpersonal relationship and depression no matter what gender or grade they were. Both academic and practical implications based on the findings and discussions had been provided for the reference of future studies.

An Exploratory Study on the Interrelationship of Internet Addiction, Internet Usage Motivation, Internet Usage Behavior and User Characteristics for Taiwan High School Students. Chieh-Ju Tung Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the interrelationship among motivation and gratification level, activities, personality and Internet addiction for Taiwan¡¦s high school students based on the Uses and Gratifications Theory. The characteristics of those identified as addicted are investigated along with the factors of demographic data, motivation and gratification, web attitude and personality. Moreover, structural equation modeling was used to verify the Theory. The study was conducted using purposive sampling at two major municipals in Taiwan. Questionnaires including Pathological Internet Use Scale for Taiwan high school student, Diagnoistic Questionnaires, Internet usage Motivation and Gratification Scale, Interpersonal Relationship Scale, Self-Esteem Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Internet Usage Behavior Questionnaire, Perceptions of the Internet Influences and Demographic Data. Of the 1708 qualified samples, 236 were classified as Internet addicted. Major findings of the study are: 1. Entertainment is the major factor for high school students to use Internet, information searching stands as second. Surfing with motivation of social and entertainment has positive correlation with Internet addiction. Those classified as addicted have higher motivation on social and entertainment and have higher satisfaction thereafter. 2. Males who own computer, with grades in lower two-thirds of the class, with more than 4 years Internet usage experience, always using cyber-café or surfing during weekday have higher tendency to become addicted. 3. System and location of school, the grade attended or whether access Internet at home have no relationship with addiction. 4. The average weekly hours on Internet is positive correlated with Internet addiction. 5. Students with personality of dependence, shyness, depression or lower self-esteem have higher tendency to become addicted. 6. The probability of males to become addicted is 2.6 times that of females. Vocational high school students have higher tendency to become addicted than non-vocational high school students. 7. The average weekly hours on Internet for those addicted is 21.2 hours, it¡¦s 1.75 times that of normal ones. 8. Those identified as addicted always surf in cyber-café and favor on-line games, chat room and sex-related activities. 9. Those identified as addicted have lower self-esteem and higher depression. 10. Internet addiction has significant canonical correlation with motivation on social/entertainment and hours on Internet. 11. Internet addiction has significant canonical correlation with shyness, depression emotion, poor interpersonal relationship, negative self-concept and lower self-esteem. 12. The theoretical model constructed in this study could explain the relationship among main variables by Amos. 13. ¡§Internet usage motivation¡¨ has greatest direct effect on addiction. It has greatest total effect when combines with the factor of ¡§Average weekly hours on Internet ¡¨. 14. The predictability for Internet addiction is 62% when six variables were used (Motivation on social, Motivation on entertainment, Average weekly hours on Internet, Interpersonal relationship, Depression and Self-esteem). Finally, suggestions on counseling addicted students are made for government and high school authorities, counselors and parents. Issues for futher study are also discussed.

在龐大且開放的分散式計算環境中，傳統的信賴模型由於缺乏完善的信賴程度更新機制，很容易出現節點間推薦優良服務的效能低落、服務熱點產生、甚至是無法有效排擠詐欺服務的問題，因而導致額外成本的付出。本論文利用社會學行動理論與人際環境關係理論，設計的一個新的信賴模型。在此信賴模型中，發展節點間的 「合作」、 「競爭」 以及 「同業公會」 等橫向關係，提升節點間信賴程度的更新效率，進而增進信賴模型的穩定性。我們設計了一個有視覺化介面的分散式計算環境動態模擬器，以測試信賴模型在面對動態環境中無法預期的計算節點 「上線」、 「離線」、 「無預警當機」 甚至 「出現詐欺服務」 時的應變能力。模擬實驗證實，我們的信賴模型在整體服務滿意度、計算成本等指標上，均有較佳的表現。 / In a large open distributed computing environment, due to the lack of a good mechanism for trust update among computing nodes, traditional trust model often encounters problems such as low quality of service recommendation, occurrence of hot spots, and no effective mechanism to exclude deceptive nodes. In this thesis, we use the action theory and inter-person relation theory in social science to design a new trust model with relations between nodes such as cooperation, competition, and guild to improve the efficiency and stability of trust update. We have designed a dynamic simulator with a visual interface for distributed computing to test the abilities of the trust model under scenarios such as bringing nodes on-line, taking nodes off-line, unexpectedly service outage, and occurrence of deceptive nodes. Our experiments revealed that our trust model has superior performance in various indices such as service satisfaction and computational cost.

[Truncated abstract] This thesis investigates the influence the interpersonal relationship between the venture capitalist and the entrepreneur has upon the performance of the venture capitalist's investment. Its aim was to explore how venture capitalists add value (as opposed to what they do) to their investments in order to arrive at a fuller explanation of investment performance than that offered by agency theory – the current paradigm for the value adding relationship. The qualitative study that underpins this thesis found that in Australia, the quality of the interpersonal relationship between the venture capitalist and the entrepreneur during the value adding phase of the venture capital investment cycle positively predicts the performance of the venture capitalist's investment. The study was prompted by the researcher's personal experiences (as both a venture capitalist and as an entrepreneur in Australia) which suggested that the interpersonal relationship may influence the effectiveness of the venture capitalist's attempts to add value. Whilst the prior research had explored in depth the provision of value adding services (e.g. strategic advice, recruitment of key personnel, board participation), less progress appears to have been made in understanding the role of the interpersonal processes. Although several studies have attempted to fit an established social exchange theory to the value adding process, a published explanation of investment performance (process outcome) that includes interpersonal processes has not been identified. ... The exercise of power was found to be a negative predictor of investment performance. Power was typically exercised as the last resort measure in a failed interpersonal relationship and either precipitated or consolidated inferior investment performance. The failure of the venture capitalists to exercise their formal power in time to arrest underperformance was often due to their fear of the 'hold up' power of (threat of abandonment by) the entrepreneur. Agency theory's contribution to the explanation of investment performance was limited to (adverse) selection, at which point the combined competence of the dyad was determined. In addition to the new explanatory theory, some other insights into value adding were provided, including the key role of mutuality and the lack of explanatory power of the contract, information asymmetry, or goal alignment. The thesis offers contributions to knowledge and practice. Its contributions to knowledge include: the generation of new theory about value adding and investment performance in venture capital deals and some new theoretical concepts, the application of a methodological approach that is new to the area of interest, and a new insight into the Australian venture capital sector. It outlines the implications of the study findings for venture capitalists, entrepreneurs and policy makers, providing some fresh ideas for their consideration. It particularly highlights the need for cultural change in value adding relationships and the influence of heritage on the likelihood of the venture capitalist being successful.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:46:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EuniceFS_DISSERT.pdf: 398866 bytes, checksum: ec3bdb2cafd8ed55b5ee2b576e6d14ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / It is at the work environment where value of the health professional is realized, according to the National Humanization Policy (PNH) from a Pediatric Hospital connected to an institution of higher education. Among the guiding principles of PNH it is highlighted the commitment to the democratization of labor relations and enhancement of health professionals, stimulating the continuing education process. For this research, a qualitative approach was chosen, using a semistructured interview as a tool to collect data. In a perspective of identifying the appreciation and humanization into interpersonal relations between workers, information from the theory of communicative action of Habermas was analyzed, considering cultural values goes beyond the practice in action, where the prospects of moral arguments in the universal truisms of life pervade original cultural moral, cognitive and expressive, imbued on ethics. This reasearch had the collaboration 29 employees with a regular contract labor to a teaching hospital in Natal, Brazil. The data was obtained through interviews which all participants signed a consent term. After data analysis the results shows the existance of a satisfaction of all workers on performing duties. The workers perceive its role valorization through kudos received as a consequence of a work done, others believe that it occurs when the institution or the group itself is concerned to enhance the work. Thus, in general, they feel valued. Regarding the interpersonal relationship, the most highlighted point was the fact that in the employees versus general directors item, respondents indicated the existence of a distance between these two categories, which can affect a participatory management. Therefore, the results of this study showed the necessity to develop actions that provide a healthy work environment. The joint guidelines of the PNH and the Employee Health Care Policy, represent some directions with some similarities in their purpose to the theory of communicative action, where there is a mutual respect, tolerance and coexistence of differences, considering the constructive conflict among health workers within the perspective of communication and interaction among individuals / ? no ambiente de trabalho que se percebe a valoriza??o do profissional da sa?de, de acordo com a Pol?tica Nacional de Humaniza??o (PNH), em um Hospital Pedi?trico vinculado a uma Institui??o de Ensino Superior. Dentre os princ?pios norteadores da PNH destaca-se o compromisso com a democratiza??o das rela??es de trabalho e valoriza??o dos profissionais da sa?de, estimulando processos de educa??o permanente. Para realiza??o da pesquisa, optouse por uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se da entrevista semiestruturada para coleta das informa??es. Numa perspectiva de identificar a valoriza??o e humaniza??o existentes nas rela??es interpessoais entre os servidores, foram analisadas as informa??es a partir da teoria do agir comunicativo de Habermas, considerando que os valores culturais v?o al?m da pr?tica da a??o, onde nas perspectivas de argumenta??es morais no mundo da vida perpassam obviedades culturais de origem moral, cognitiva e expressiva, aparecendo revestidas da eticidade. A pesquisa teve como colaboradores 29 servidores com v?nculo efetivo, de um hospital de ensino em Natal-RN. As informa??es foram obtidas mediante entrevista, com o consentimento de todos que nela participaram. Com a an?lise das informa??es constatou-se uma satisfa??o de todos com as atividades desenvolvidas, n?o demonstrando nenhuma frustra??o no desempenho de suas atribui??es. Eles percebem a valoriza??o atrav?s do reconhecimento pelo trabalho realizado, outros acreditam que ocorre quando a Institui??o ou o pr?prio grupo se preocupa em valorizar o trabalho. Deste modo, no geral, se sentem valorizados. Na rela??o interpessoal o que chamou aten??o foi o fato de que no item servidor versus dire??o geral, os entrevistados revelam uma dist?ncia entre essas duas categorias, o que prejudica uma poss?vel gest?o participativa. Portanto os resultados desta pesquisa mostraram a necessidade de desenvolvimento de a??es que propiciem um ambiente salutar de trabalho. A articula??o das diretrizes da PNH e Pol?tica de Aten??o a sa?de do Servidor, representam alguns direcionamentos que t?m em seu prop?sito algumas semelhan?as com a teoria do agir comunicativo, onde ocorre um respeito m?tuo, toler?ncia e conv?vio pleno com as diferen?as, considerando os conflitos construtivos entre os trabalhadores da sa?de, numa perspectiva de comunica??o e intera??o entre os sujeitos

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-05-18T18:20:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carolina de Fátima Guimarães - 2015.pdf: 1274038 bytes, checksum: 6c6d540e1bd592639767a33f0b2f3f52 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-05-19T13:30:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carolina de Fátima Guimarães - 2015.pdf: 1274038 bytes, checksum: 6c6d540e1bd592639767a33f0b2f3f52 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-19T13:30:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Carolina de Fátima Guimarães - 2015.pdf: 1274038 bytes, checksum: 6c6d540e1bd592639767a33f0b2f3f52 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / For an organization to have satisfactory results it needs to have on satisfied employees and with good performance. Thus, the professional of personnel selection area has sought to investigate aspects related to interpersonal relationship and personality, as these characteristics have relation to job performance and success of the selection process. The personality assessment has been a challenge for psychologists considering that there are different ways to understand and evaluate this construct. In this perspective, the present study aimed to discuss aspects of personality assessment applied in personnel selection and had 108 participants. To this end two studies were conducted. The first aimed to evaluate the circular structure of the Checklist of Interpersonal Transactions – II (CLOIT-II) when applied in the personnel selection. Therefore, an investigation of the adequacy of CLOIT-II data to quasi-circumplex model was made considering the criteria of two-dimensional and constant radius. To test structure was used confirmatory multidimensional scaling (MDS with Proxcal algorithm). Furthermore, the locations of scales have been established in Euclidean space and calculated the Phi de Tucker coefficient and normalized raw stress. In order to evaluate the constant radius criterion was applied Fisher test. The results showed the presence of a two-dimensional model and an appropriate variation the CLOIT-II replicates the quasi-circumplex structure which points to the usefulness of this measure in the context of people management, particularly in the selection process. The second study aimed to (1) map the personality characteristics and interpersonal interactions of successful and failed candidates in the personnel selection; (2) compare the groups of candidates approved and reproved as the interpersonal profile and projected personality; (3) evaluate the perception formulated by the interview about the interpersonal characteristics of the candidates; (4) relate projective and interpersonal self-report methods to assess personality. To achieve these goals we used the Checklist of Interpersonal Transactions – II and Palográfico Test. To estimate interpersonal profiles assumed and perceived by the interview and also projected personality profile were calculated means and standard deviations of the variables. In order to compare the groups approved and reproved wascalculated the U Mann Whitney Test and to verify the relationship between projected measure of personality and self-report was estimated the Spearman correlation coefficient and them there was corrected for attenuation. The results showed that the two groups of candidates had very similar characteristics, therefore differed only in relation to the isolation position. In addition, the selectors were unable to assess the candidates’ interpersonal characteristics during the job interview. Already on the relationship between the two measures of personality, we found that certain characteristics, such as aggression and insecurity, people tend to project them and not take them. / Para que uma organização tenha resultados satisfatórios é preciso que ela conte com funcionários satisfeitos e com bom desempenho. Com isso, os profissionais da área de seleção de pessoal tem buscado investigar aspectos relacionados ao relacionamento interpessoal e à personalidade, pois essas características apresentam relação com desempenho no trabalho e com aprovação nos processos seletivos. A investigação da personalidade tem sido um desafio para os psicólogos tendo em vista que existem diferentes maneiras de se conceber e avaliar a tal constructo. Nessa perspectiva, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo discutir aspectos da avaliação da personalidade para a seleção de pessoal e contou com 108 participantes. Para isto foram realizados dois estudos. O primeiro objetivou avaliar a estrutura circular do Checklist de Relações Interpessoais quando aplicado no âmbito da seleção de pessoal. Logo, foi feita uma investigação da adequação dos dados do CLOIT-II ao modelo quasi-circumplexo, considerando os critérios de bidimensionalidade e raio constante. Para testar a estrutura foi utilizado o Escalonamento multidimensional confirmatório (MDS com algoritmo Proxcal). Além disso, foram estabelecidos os lugares das escalas no espaço euclidiano e calculados o coeficiente Phi de Tucker e o normalized raw stress. Com vistas a avaliar o critério de raio constante foi aplicado o teste de Fisher. Os resultados apontaram para a presença de um modelo bidimensional e uma variação adequada do tamanho dos raios das variáveis. Desse modo, quando aplicado no contexto da seleção de pessoal o CLOIT-II replica a estrutura quasi-circumplexa o que aponta para a utilidade da medida no contexto da gestão de pessoas, em especial nos processos seletivos. O segundo estudo se propôs a (1) mapear as características de personalidade e de interações interpessoais dos candidatos aprovados e reprovados na seleção; (2) comparar os grupos de candidatos aprovados e de reprovados quanto ao perfil interpessoal e de personalidade projetada (3) avaliar a percepção formulada pelo entrevistador acerca das características interpessoais dos candidatos; (5) relacionar método projetivo e de autorrelato interpessoal para avaliar a personalidade. Para atingir tais objetivos foram utilizados o Checklist de Relações Interpessoais II (CLOIT-II) e o Teste Palográfico. Para estimar os perfis interpessoais assumidos e os percebidos pelo entrevistador e também o perfil de personalidade projetada foram calculados as médias e os desvios-padrões das variáveis. Com vistas a comparar os grupos de aprovados e reprovados calculou-se o Teste U de Mann Whitney e para verificar a relação entre medidas de personalidade projetadas e de autorrelato foi estimado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e em seguida houve correção para atenuação. Os resultados mostraram que os dois grupos de candidatos apresentaram características bastante semelhantes, pois se diferenciaram apenas em relação à posição de isolamento. Além disso, os selecionadores não conseguiram avaliar as características interpessoais dos candidatos durante as entrevistas de emprego. Já sobre a relação entre as duas medidas de personalidade, foi possível verificar que certas características, tais como de agressividade e insegurança, os sujeitos tendem a projetá-las e não assumi-las.

Bakgrund: Våld i nära relationer är ett globalt samhällsproblem och drabbar främst kvinnor. Våldet kan ha olika uttryck och är förödande för den utsatte. Som sjuksköterska finns det ett stort ansvar att uppmärksamma dessa kvinnor och erbjuda en hjälpande hand. Dock är mörkertalet stort och många kvinnor får aldrig den hjälp som de behöver. Syfte: Att beskriva kunskapsläget om sjuksköterskors upplevelse och erfarenheter av att möta kvinnor utsatta för våld i nära relationer. Metod: En strukturerad litteraturstudie med inslag av metodologin som används vid systematiska översikter. Litteraturstudien baseras på tolv utvalda artiklar, tio är kvalitativa och två är kvantitativa. Sökningarna gjordes i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Resultat: Dataanalysen resulterade i en huvudkategori med två kategorier samt sju underkategorier. Huvudkategorin Det är personligt har kategorierna Begränsningar i mötet samt Främjande i mötet. Mötet påverkade sjuksköterskorna på ett personligt plan. Något som kunde begränsa sjuksköterskan i mötet var en bristande kunskap, känslomässig börda, tystnadskulturer och normer samt etiska konflikter. Det som kunde främja mötet var erfarenhet och kunskap hos sjuksköterskorna, en välvilja och förståelse samt ett organisatoriskt stöd. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor upplevde att möta kvinnor utsatta för våld i nära relationer påverkade dem personligen och mötet väckte olika känslor. Aspekter i samhället och på arbetsplatsen påverkade sjuksköterskors upplevelse och kunde skapa etiska konflikter. / Background: Intimate partner violence is a social problem globally and mainly affetcs women. The violence can have different expressions and is devastating for the victim. As a nurse, there is a great responsibility to notice these women and offering a helping hand. However, the numbers of unreported cases is large and many women never get the help they need. Aim: To describe the state of knowledge about nurses' experiences of encountering women exposed to intimate partner violence. Method: A structured literature study with elements of the methodology used in systematic reviews. The literature study is based on twelve selected articles, ten are qualitative and two are quantitative. The searches were made in the databases CINAHL and PubMed. Results: The data analysis resulted in a main category with two categories with seven subcategories. The main category It´s personal has the subcategories Restrictions in the meeting and Promotion in the meeting. The meeting affected the nurses on a personal level. Something that could limit the nurse in the meeting was a lack om knowledge, emotional burden, culture of silence and norms as well as ethical conflicts. What could promote the meeting was the experience and knowledge of the nurses, goodwill and understanding as well as organizational support. Conclusions: Nurses felt that meeting women exposed to intimate partner violence affected them personally and the meeting evoked different emotions. Aspects in society and in the workplace influenced nurses´experience and could create ethical conflicts.

Adolescents, like all individuals, have a need to belong. Consequently, during the adolescent period, adolescents battle with the establishment and maintenance of meaningful relationships. Most of them, unfortunately, do not succeed to establish and maintain such relationships because of a lack of skills to do so. It appears, therefore, that If adolescents are to enhance their interpersonal relationships so as to enable themselves to self-actualize, they need to be taught interpersonal skills. One of the skills that they should be taught is the self-disclosure. As such, the first part of the literature study was devoted to the discussion of self disclosure. The study of literature revealed that self-disclosure has many aspects, the main ones being the nature of the self-disclosure content, self-discloser target, and concealment. In the second part of the literature study, attention was paid to the nature of interpersonal relationships with special reference to adolescents' relationships. The malysis of interpersonal relationships revealed that the establishment and maintenance, is well as the collapse of interpersonal relationships follow a particular pattern. Data concerning perceptions, beliefs and attitudes held by adolescents towards selflish closure in their interpersonal relationships was gathered by means of various Techniques. Parents' perceptions, beliefs and attitudes towards their adolescent children's perceptions, beliefs and attitudes towards self-disclosure in interpersonal relationships were also assessed. The results of the empirical study revealed that adolescents hold selfdefeating perceptions, beliefs and attitudes that make it difficult for them to handle selflisclosure in ways that ought to enhance their interpersonal relationships so as to enable themselves to self-actualize. These perceptions, beliefs and attitudes may not change easily as their parents, the most important component of the adolescents' significant others, seem to be modelling self-defeating perceptions, beliefs and attitudes towards self-disclosure. Lastly, a few guidelines to assist adolescents to handle self-disclosure in ways that ought to enhance their interpersonal relationships so as to enable themselves to self-actualize were given. / Thesis (D. Ed.)

Résumé: Au lendemain des élections présidentielles de 2000, le Sénégal tourne la page sur quarante ans de régime socialiste, et traverse pacifiquement les élections les plus redoutées de son histoire politique. La presse privée, nouveau contre-pouvoir, contribue grandement à l’élection de son candidat : Abdoulaye Wade. Toutefois, une fois aux commandes, cet homme « idéal » est loin de faire l’unanimité selon les médias indépendants. Du coup, ceux-ci constituent un obstacle pour lui. S’instaure alors un bras de fer entre les ex-alliés. À un an de la fin de ce mandat, une webradio créée par un émigrant sénégalais, voit le jour (Keurgoumak). Le concepteur de la radio déclare son intention de poser un regard neutre et objectif sur le septennat finissant, à travers des entrevues (Péncum Sénégal) de personnalités politiques. Mais une radio au dispositif technique presque assimilable à du « journalisme citoyen », née dans des conditions sociopolitiques si particulières, peut-elle échapper à la partialité, avec des thèmes hautement controversés et un public cible (la diaspora sénégalaise) à la dimension stratégique indéniable? Notre objectif est de déterminer le véritable positionnement du journaliste (neutralité ou partialité). Notre corpus est une transcription d’émissions radiophoniques qui ont eu lieu de février 2006 à août 2006. Dans le cadre du discours médiatique tel que décrit par Charaudeau (2000 à 2009), nous nous appuyons sur la perspective intégrative des travaux d’Amossy (2000, 2010) en matière d’argumentation. Celle-ci s’ouvre autant à l’interaction qu’à l’analyse du discours. Notre analyse est contrastive et comparative. Nous déterminons le positionnement du journaliste à travers une comparaison des caractéristiques interactionnelles formelles des entrevues, des caractéristiques lexico-interactionnelles de son discours interactif et une analyse lexicale et énonciative de ses propos. Nous analysons la relation interpersonnelle que le journaliste tisse avec les invités dans le cadre spécifique de l’interaction familière du pénc. Mots clefs : discours radiophonique, entrevue médiatique, pénc, interaction familière, énonciation, relation interpersonnelle, argumentation, analyse du discours, subjectivité, partialité, wolof, Sénégal. / Abstract: In the aftermath of the 2000 presidential election, Senegal leaves behind 40 years of socialist rule and peacefully goes through one of the most feared elections of its political history. Abdoulaye Wade is elected with a considerable contribution from independent medias. But once in power, the "ideal" man is far from being what the independent medias had anticipated. This situation creates tension between the former allies. One year prior to the end of Abdoulaye Wade’s first term, an independant webradio (Keurgoumak) created by a Senegalese immigrant decides to have a look at Abdoulaye Wade presidency. The designer of the radio declares its intention to take a neutral and objective stance through interviews (Pencum Senegal) with politicians in power and from the opposition. But can any journalistic institution escape subjectivity or bias? Moreover Péncum Senegal has a constitution similar to that of "citizen journalism" and is born in heavily polarized socio-political conditions. The journalist discusses highly controversial issues and targets an audience (the Senegalese diaspora) that holds an undeniable strategic dimension in the country. Our goal is to determine the true position of the journalist (neutrality or favoritism). Our corpus is a transcript of the radio broadcasts that took place from February 2006 to August 2006. We base our analysis on the media discourse theory as described by Charaudeau (2000-2009). We do so within the frame of the integrative perspective by Amossy (2000, 2010). Based on argumentation, it combines rhetoric, interaction and discourse analysis. Our analysis is comparative and contrastive. We observe the interviews’ formal interactional features. We are also interested in the interpersonal relationships that the journalist builds with the guests, as well as the lexical and denunciative clues of his views on the government.