Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-01-30T10:43:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Tese - Claudia Santos Goncalves Barreto Bezerra.pdf: 2059173 bytes, checksum: 45f41522691fac0d28d22bbc3d3ec16b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-30T12:49:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Tese - Claudia Santos Goncalves Barreto Bezerra.pdf: 2059173 bytes, checksum: 45f41522691fac0d28d22bbc3d3ec16b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-30T12:49:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Tese - Claudia Santos Goncalves Barreto Bezerra.pdf: 2059173 bytes, checksum: 45f41522691fac0d28d22bbc3d3ec16b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-28 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder provided in the International C lassification of Diseases (ICD) characterizing a continuing pattern of attention deficit and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity with more intense and higher rates than what presented by individuals at the same development level. This dissertation was organized u sing the models of scientific articles analyzing the results from school performance by students of the Colégio de Aplicação (a school maintained by a university) of the Federal University of Goiás, 7 to 14 age group with and without ADHD diagnosis. Initia lly, the prospective observational study to assess comparative effectiveness involved 355 students and investigated the results from school performance by 60 of them before and during Methylphenidate - based treatment (MPH) and psychotherapy compared with th e control group. The students had their school performance and treatment adherence monitored for the first eight months. The literature review on the theme is presented in the first article submitted to the journal “Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva” (Journ al of Science and Collective Health), entitled “ Methylphenidate - based treatment and school performance by students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder : integrative literature review”. The review included scientific articles published from 2006 to 2013. Six hundred and sixteen out of the 629 articles found did not meet the criteria for inclusion and 13 were part of the sample. Most of the studies emphasized that the group of children with ADHD undergoing methylphenidate - based treatment improved the ir performance compared with the group of children with ADHD with no records for the treatment and stimulant - based therapies are more beneficial in the long term. The second article, entitled “Re/Assessment on the diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivi ty disorder in students ” presents the results from the clinical reassessment of 29 children previously diagnosed with ADHD or suspected ADHD. The reassessment confirmed the diagnosis of 74% of the children previously diagnosed and 70% of suspected ADHD. Th e third article, entitled “The use of methylphenidate for students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and poor school performance” presents the major results of this study and proves that the use of methylphenidate - based treatment for students A DHD was associated with improved school records for basic mandatory disciplines . The medication had positive influence on school performance however even undergoing drug - based treatment the students were not able to achieve the levels of performance by stu dents without ADHD with typical school performance. / xii RESUMO O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade é um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento previsto no Código Internacional de Doenças e caracterizado por um quadro persistente de déficit de atenção e/ou de hiperatividade/impulsividade mais acentuado e grave do que o observado em outros indivíduos com o mesmo nível de desenvolvimento. A presente tese foi construída no modelo de artigos científicos que an alisou os resultados do desempenho acadêmico de escolares do Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade Federal de Goiás, de 7 a 14 anos com e sem diagnóstico de TDA/H. O estudo de caráter prospectivo, observacional e comparativo teve a participação inicial de 3 55 estudantes e investigou os resultados de desempenho escolar de 60 deles, antes e durante o tratamento com metilfenidato (MPH) e psicoterapia em comparação com um grupo controle. Os estudantes foram acompanhados em seu desempenho escolar e em adesão supe rvisionada ao tratamento durante o período de oito meses. A revisão de literatura do tema investigado é apresentada no primeiro artigo, submetido à “Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva”, intitulado “Tratamento com Metilfenidato e o desempenho de escolares com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade: revisão integrativa da literatura”. A revisão incluiu artigos científicos publicados no período 2006 a 2013. Dos 629 artigos encontrados, 616 não atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e 13 fizeram parte da am ostra. A maioria dos estudos evidenciou que o grupo de crianças com TDA/H, em tratamento com MPH, mostrou melhor desempenho escolar em relação ao grupo com TDA/H sem histórico de tratamento. E que os tratamentos com estimulantes trazem mais benefícios quan do adotados em longo prazo. O segundo artigo intitulado “Re/Avaliação diagnóstica de Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade em escolares” apresenta os resultados da reavaliação clínica de 29 crianças, anteriormente, diagnosticadas com TDA/H ou cas os suspeitos. A re/avaliação confirmou o diagnóstico de 74% das crianças portadoras de diagnóstico e 70% dos casos suspeitos. Já o terceiro artigo intitulado: “A utilização do Metilfenidato por escolares com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade e baixo desempenho escolar” apresenta os resultados principais desse estudo e constatou que o tratamento com Metilfenidato pelos escolares com TDA/H foi associado ao aumento das médias nos resultados da avaliação escolar das disciplinas elementares. A medi cação influenciou positivamente no desempenho dos estudantes, entretanto, mesmo em tratamento medicamentoso esses estudantes não atingiram o nível de desempenho dos escolares sem TDA/H com desempenho escolar típico.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-26T20:24:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 brunocesardenazarethciribelli.pdf: 1919890 bytes, checksum: 7ad60d16635df11c2618e2edb1642fa5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-02T15:13:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 brunocesardenazarethciribelli.pdf: 1919890 bytes, checksum: 7ad60d16635df11c2618e2edb1642fa5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T15:13:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 brunocesardenazarethciribelli.pdf: 1919890 bytes, checksum: 7ad60d16635df11c2618e2edb1642fa5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-29 / A presente dissertação, fruto da pesquisa realizada no Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação Pública do CAED/UFJF, apresenta como temática a retenção e a evasão escolares no ensino superior, especificamente entre alunos do Bacharelado Interdisciplinar em Ciências Exatas da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF). O termo evasão, para esta pesquisa, é considerado como sendo o desligamento do acadêmico de seu curso, tanto para fora da UFJF – abandono, cancelamento de matrícula, jubilamento, transferência –, quanto para outro curso da instituição – transferência interna ou novo ingresso por processo seletivo. Já em relação à retenção, este estudo a associa às reprovações sofridas pelo acadêmico ao longo de seu curso, ao qual se mantém vinculado, o que implica a ultrapassagem do tempo previsto para a integralização curricular da graduação pelo estudante. A partir da estrutura de pré-requisitos do referido curso, têm sido verificados casos frequentes de baixo rendimento acadêmico, especialmente nas disciplinas iniciais. A retenção nessas disciplinas tem dificultado a evolução do acadêmico dentro do curso, sendo possível, assim, levantar a hipótese de que o fato de o estudante não apresentar essa evolução contribua para os casos de evasão, bem como possibilite a investigação de fatores que tenham favorecido essa situação educacional preocupante. Assim, a realização deste estudo justifica-se por constatar-se que, tanto em nível local quanto nacional, as instituições de ensino superior vêm, ao longo dos anos, enfrentando problemas consideráveis relacionados à evasão e/ou repetência entre seus acadêmicos. Diante desse cenário, esta dissertação buscou analisar a retenção e evasão entre alunos do primeiro ciclo do Bacharelado Interdisciplinar em Ciências Exatas da UFJF, considerando pesquisa documental e referencial teórico sobre o tema, além de realizar entrevistas a professores e gestores da instituição. Por fim, foram propostas duas ações de intervenção – criação de uma atividade de apoio pedagógico e um programa de monitoramento do desempenho acadêmico –, visando à melhoria do desempenho dos alunos, e, como uma possível consequência, permitir que os acadêmicos concluam com êxito e no tempo adequado o seu curso, reduzindo os casos de reprovação e abandono escolar. / This dissertation, result of a research held in Professional Masters in Management and Evaluation of Public Education of CAED/UFJF, presents as its theme the retention and school dropout in higher education, specifically among students of Interdisciplinary Bachelor in Exact Sciences of Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF). The term evasion, for this research is considered to be the shutdown of his academic course, both out of UFJF - abandonment, enrollment cancellation, dismissal, transfer - and for another course of the institution - internal transfer or a new entrance selective process. Regarding retention, this study associates the failures suffered by the academic along his course, which he remains tied, that implies the expected time is exceeded complete curricular graduation by the student. From the above mentioned course prerequisites structure, frequent cases of low academic performance have been checked, especially in the early disciplines. Retention in these disciplines has hindered the development of academic within the courseand it is possible thus raise the hypothesis that the fact that the student does not present such developments contribute to the cases of evasion, and allows the investigation of factors that have favored this worrying educational situation. Thus, this study is justified by noting that both the local and national level, higher education institutions have, over the years, facing considerable problems related to evasion and/or repetition among their academics. Considering this scenario, this thesis seeks to analyze retention and dropout among students of the first cycle of the Interdisciplinary Bachelor of Exact Sciences of UFJF considering documentary research and theoretical framework on the subject, in addition to conducting interviews with teachers and managers of the institution. Finally, two intervention actions were proposed - creation of a pedagogical support activity and a monitoring of academic performance program - aiming the improvement of student performance, and as a possible consequence, allow academics to successfully complete their course and in the appropriate time, reducing cases of failure and dropout.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-04-26T13:29:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 adrianabohdossantos.pdf: 1176661 bytes, checksum: 63046e1334e6d3f00bf8beb583a7d7ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-09T12:16:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 adrianabohdossantos.pdf: 1176661 bytes, checksum: 63046e1334e6d3f00bf8beb583a7d7ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T12:16:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 adrianabohdossantos.pdf: 1176661 bytes, checksum: 63046e1334e6d3f00bf8beb583a7d7ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-13 / A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (CAEd/UFJF). O caso de gestão tem como objetivo identificar os motivos do abandono em duas escolas de Ensino Médio, sendo uma com maior taxa e outra com menor taxa de abandono escolar. da Coordenadoria Distrital de Educação – CDE 05 [Manaus-AM]. Como objetivos específicos, pretendemos: I) Verificar quais os motivos do abandono escolar nas quatro escolas com maior taxa de abandono escolar da CDE 05, na visão de alunos, gestor escolar, assim como do Coordenador da Redução do Abandono Escolar – CRAE - da CDE 05. II) Analisar os motivos mais recorrentes de infrequência e abandono dentre os alunos que abandonaram as escolas em 2016 e que se matricularam nas respectivas escolas selecionadas para esta pesquisa em 2017; III) Propor um plano de ações mais efetivo de combate ao abandono escolar nas duas escolas deste referido estudo. O texto foi organizado em três capítulos que descrevem esta pesquisa. No capítulo I, contextualizamos o abandono escolar no Ensino Médio no Brasil e no Amazonas. No capítulo II, realizamos a análise dos fatores externos e internos à escola que incidem sobre o abandono escolar, sendo maior relevância a análise dos fatores internos que subsidiou a elaboração do plano de ação para prevenção e redução do abandono nas escolas estudadas. A metodologia de pesquisa escolhida foi a qualitativa, por meio do estudo de caso, no qual foram usados instrumentos de coleta como: a aplicação de questionários aos alunos, entrevista semiestruturadas aos gestores escolares e Coordenador da Redução do Abandono Escolar da CDE 05 e uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a temática do abandono escolar no Ensino Médio. E, finalmente, no capítulo III, fazemos a proposição de um plano de ação para a prevenção e redução do abandono escolar nas duas escolas onde foi realizado o estudo de caso. Este trabalho apresenta como fundamentação teórica estudos realizados anteriormente sobre o abandono escolar, em que destacamos: Soares et al (2015), que estudou os “Fatores associados ao abandono escolar no ensino médio público de Minas Gerais”; Castelar (2010), que realizou “Um estudo sobre as causas de abandono escolar nas escolas públicas de Ensino Médio no Estado do Ceará”; Vasconcelos (2013), que pesquisou sobre “Abandono e absenteísmo Escolar no Conselho de Ponta Delgada”; Fritsch e Vitelli (2016), com seus estudos sobre a “Evasão escolar , a escola e o mercado de trabalho: o que dizem jovens do ensino médio de escolas públicas”. A fundamentação teórica desta pesquisa nos demonstrou que vários estudiosos categorizaram os motivos do abandono escolar em 02 grandes grupos: fatores internos e fatores externos à escola. Esta pesquisa se ateve aos fatores internos à escola que incidem sobre o abandono escolar. Dentre esses, o principal motivo destacado é o desinteresse escolar, o que os alunos chamaram de falta de vontade de estudar. / This dissertation was developed within the scope of the Professional Master in Management and Evaluation of Education (PPGP) of the Center for Public Policies and Education Evaluation of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CAEd / UFJF). The case of management aims to identify the reasons for dropping out in two high schools, one with a higher rate and another with a lower dropout rate. of the District Education Coordination - CDE 05 [Manaus-AM]. As specific objectives, we intend to: I) Check the reasons for dropping out in the four schools with the highest dropout rate of CDE 05, in the view of students, school administrators, as well as the CDE Coordinator of the Reduction of School Dropout - CDE 05. II) To analyze the most frequent reasons for infrequency and dropout among students who dropped out of school in 2016 and who enrolled in the respective schools selected for this research in 2017; III) To propose a more effective action plan to combat school dropout in the two schools of this study. The text was organized in three chapters that describe this research. In chapter I, we contextualize the drop out in high school in Brazil and the Amazon. In chapter II, we analyzed the external and internal factors that affect school drop-out, and the internal factors that contributed to the development of the action plan for prevention and reduction of dropout in the schools studied were more relevant. The research methodology chosen was qualitative, through a case study, in which collection instruments were used, such as: the application of questionnaires to students, a semi-structured interview with school administrators and the CDE 05 Abandonment Reduction Coordinator, and a research bibliography on the subject of school dropout in High School. Finally, in Chapter III, we propose a plan of action for the prevention and reduction of school drop-outs in the two schools where the case study was carried out. This study presents as theoretical foundation previous studies about school dropout, in which we highlight: Soares et al. (2015), who studied the "Factors associated with school dropout in Minas Gerais high school"; Castelar (2010), who conducted "A study on the causes of school dropout in public high schools in the state of Ceará"; Vasconcelos (2013), who researched on "School Abandonment and Absenteeism in the Council of Ponta Delgada"; Fritsch and Vitelli (2016) with their studies on "School Evasion, School and the Job Market: What Do High School Youth Say in Public Schools." The theoretical basis of this research has shown that several scholars have categorized the reasons for school dropout in two large groups: internal factors and factors external to school. This research was based on internal factors that affect school drop-out. Among these, the main reason is school disinterest, which the students called lack of will to study.

Submitted by Rafael Oliveira (rborges@fgvmail.br) on 2013-04-17T15:04:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Mestrado_Rafael_Garcia_Borges_de_Oliveira.pdf: 330686 bytes, checksum: 5d389963ae1a2cbb4177b94764202bc0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-04-26T18:53:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Mestrado_Rafael_Garcia_Borges_de_Oliveira.pdf: 330686 bytes, checksum: 5d389963ae1a2cbb4177b94764202bc0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-26T18:53:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Mestrado_Rafael_Garcia_Borges_de_Oliveira.pdf: 330686 bytes, checksum: 5d389963ae1a2cbb4177b94764202bc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-17 / Este estudo avalia o programa Cartão Família Carioca (CFC), do município do Rio de Janeiro. Através de dados administrativos, estimamos o impacto dos incentivos introduzidos pelo CFC sobre a frequência e desempenho dos alunos em testes padronizados. Encontramos efeitos positivos sobre ciências e negativos para português, além de impacto no sentido de reduzir as faltas dos alunos participantes.

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Bakgrund: Den dagliga fysiska aktiviteten hos barn minskar, nya aktiviteter och intressen som utförs framför dator är en bidragande faktor till detta. Ökat stillasittande kan leda till ett flertal konsekvenser. Fysisk aktivitet kan motverka detta och bidrar till förbättrad kondition, muskelstyrka, blodtryck, blodfetter, bentäthet och BMI hos barn och unga i skolåldrarna. Syfte: Att sammanställa hur fysisk aktivitet under skoldagen för elever (åldern 6–19) påverkar skolprestationen. Metod: Denna systematiska litteraturstudie baseras på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar. Studierna har en kvantitativ ansats, och var genomförda med randomiserade kontroll studier RCT). En kvalitetsgranskning av materialet gjordes med hjälp av GRADE. Resultat: I resultatet framkommer inget enhälligt resultat gällande hur fysisk aktivitet påverkar elevers skolprestation. Studierna visar i stället på tre huvudområden som sammanfattas till positivt resultat på skolprestation efter intervention, ingen förändring på skolprestation efter intervention och slutligen andra effekter av intervention. Slutsats: Ingen generell slutsats har kunnat dras gällande ökad fysisk aktivitet och elevers skolprestation. Endast en liten del kan ha påverkats negativ av interventionen ökad fysisk aktivitet under skoldagen. Generellt kan ingen negativ påverkan ses på elevernas skolprestation efter interventionerna. Forskning visar också på att elever som hade fått ta del av dessa insatser utveckla färre problem med ångest, jämfört med barn i en kontrollgrupp. / Background: The daily physical activity of children decreases, new activities and interests performed in front of a computer are a contributing factor to this. Increased sedentary lifestyle can lead to a few consequences. Physical activity can counteract this and contribute to improved fitness, muscle strength, blood pressure, blood fats, bone density and BMI in children and adolescent of school age. Aim: To compile how physical activity during the school day for students (age 6-19) affects school performance. Method: This systematic literature study is based on 13 scientific articles. The studies have a quantitative approach and were conducted with randomized control studies (RCT). A quality review of the material was done with the help of GRADE. Result: The result does not show a unanimous result regarding how physical activity affects students' school performance. Instead, the studies show three main areas that are summarized as a positive result on school performance after intervention, no change in school performance after intervention and finally other effects of intervention. Conclusion: No general conclusion has been drawn regarding increased physical activity and students' school performance. Only a small part may have been negatively affected by the increased physical activity during the school day. In general, no negative impact can be seen on students' school performance after the interventions. Research also shows that students who have taken part in these interventions develop fewer problems with anxiety, compared with children in a control group.

I min SAG (Självständigt Arbete på Grundnivå) undersöktes den fysiska aktivitetens påverkan på elevers motorik, koncentration och skolprestation. Forskningen (Caterino & Polaks 1999; Ekblom 2011; Ericsson 2003; Schmidt, Egger & Conzelmanns 2015; Wrotniak et al. 2006) kom fram till att fysisk aktivitet har en positiv påverkan på alla tre områdena. I detta arbete vill jag undersöka elevernas kunskaper kring detta samt kunskaper om vad som händer i kroppen när de utför fysisk aktivitet. Idag rör sig barn allt mindre och det kan bero på lite olika faktorer, en av faktorerna kan vara deras attityd mot fysisk aktivitet.Syftet med detta arbete är att ta reda på elevers kunskaper i årskurs 2 om vad som händer i kroppen när de utför fysisk aktivitet. Syftet är också att undersöka deras kunskaper om hur fysisk aktivitet kan påverka deras motorik, koncentration och skolprestation. Dessutom vill jag även undersöka elevers attityder kring fysisk aktivitet.I teorin utgår jag dels från kunskapsteori som innefattar Platons teori samt kognitivismen. Det handlar om hur man tillägnat sig kunskaper, om det är sann fakta men även olika sätt att förklara och tolka saker. Kring attityden utgår jag från Nationalencyklopedins (u.å.) definition, att man antingen är för eller emot ett objekt, samt om kunskaper och attityder hänger samman. Detta ligger till grund för analysen av mitt material.I min metod valde jag att genomföra en enkät och fem gruppintervjuer varav en pilotintervju. Enkäten och intervjuerna har genomförts på två skolor i södra Skåne. De intervjuade eleverna valdes ut till intervju baserat på deras enkätsvar. Totalt 41 elever besvarade min enkät och 14 elever intervjuades. Alla intervjuerna har transkriberats och analyserats utifrån mina teorier.Resultatet visar att elever har väldigt liten kunskap om vad som biologiskt händer i kroppen när de utför fysisk aktivitet. Eleverna påvisar inte heller några kunskaper om hur fysisk aktivitet kan förbättra deras motorik eller skolprestation. Dock finns kunskaper kring hur koncentrationen kan påverkas då majoriteten av eleverna känner sig piggare och lugnare när de utövar fysisk aktivitet.

Les recherches antérieures suggèrent que l'activité physique, y compris la participation au sport, est bénéfique pour la santé mentale et l’adaptation à l’école. À l'inverse, ces deux éléments importants de la promotion de la santé pourraient-ils aussi influencer la pratique d'activité physique? À notre connaissance, peu d'études se sont penchées sur cette relation spécifique. De plus, la psychologie développementale moderne conçoit les comportements humains et les changements développementaux comme un résultat de relations dynamiques et réciproques entre l’individu et ses multiples environnements, dont les contextes sportifs. L'objectif de cette thèse doctorale est donc d'évaluer la relation longitudinale et réciproque entre l'activité physique, y compris la participation sportive, et la détresse émotionnelle (Article 1) et l'engagement en classe (Article 2) chez des enfants d’âge scolaire. Les participants proviennent de l'Étude Longitudinale du Développement des Enfants du Québec, une cohorte de naissance prospective longitudinale. Les symptômes de détresse émotionnelle et les comportements d'engagement en classe de 6 à 10 ans ont été évalués par les enseignants. Des trajectoires ont été générées pour différencier des groupes d'enfants. L'activité physique et la participation au sport de la petite enfance jusqu’au début de l'adolescence ont été mesurées par les parents et les enfants eux-mêmes. Diverses analyses statistiques ont été utilisées pour examiner les relations réciproques entre les variables d’intérêt. Les analyses ont été effectuées séparément pour les garçons et les filles et ont contrôlé pour de multiples facteurs individuels et familiaux préexistants. Trois trajectoires de détresse émotionnelle de 6 à 10 ans ont été identifiées : « Faible », « Croissante » et « En déclin ». Pour l’engagement en classe au cours des mêmes années, deux trajectoires ont été identifiées : « Élevée » et « Modérée ». Premièrement, les garçons qui n’ont jamais participé à des sports à 5 ans étaient plus susceptibles d’être dans les trajectoires de détresse « Croissante » ou « En déclin » que les garçons qui ont participé à une activité sportive. De plus, les garçons qui étaient les plus actifs physiquement à 12 ans étaient ceux vivant moins de détresse (i.e. trajectoire « Faible »). Deuxièmement, pour les filles, le fait d'être dans la trajectoire d'engagement en classe « Élevée » a prédit des niveaux plus élevés d'activité physique de loisir à l'âge de 12 ans. Pour les garçons, une participation régulière au sport de 6 à 10 ans a prédit des niveaux d'engagement en classe plus élevés à 12 ans. Les résultats suggèrent donc des associations positives, réciproques et longitudinales entre l'activité physique et deux éléments importants de la promotion de la santé chez les jeunes, soit la santé mentale et l’adaptation à l’école. Ces associations diffèrent pour les garçons et les filles. Cette étude soutient la pertinence de renforcer les efforts actuels de santé publique pour promouvoir l'activité physique, l'ajustement émotionnel et l'engagement scolaire dès la petite enfance afin de favoriser une bonne santé mentale, un rendement scolaire optimal et un mode de vie plus actif à long terme. Les résultats soutiennent également la pertinence d'investir des ressources financières au niveau de l'intervention auprès des jeunes afin qu’ils puissent développer leur plein potentiel à la fois en classe et dans des contextes extrascolaires structurés afin de favoriser un développement optimal. / Past research suggests that physical activity, including sport participation, is beneficial for mental health and school performance. Conversely, could these two important components of health promotion also influence participation in physical activity? To our knowledge, few studies have investigated this specific relationship. In addition, modern developmental psychology views human behaviors and developmental changes as a result of dynamic and reciprocal relationships between the individual and their multiple environments, including sports contexts. Thus, the aim of this doctoral thesis is to assess the reciprocal longitudinal relationship between sport participation and emotional distress (Article 1) and between sport participation and classroom engagement (Article 2) over time for boys and girls in middle childhood. Participants are from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development, a prospective-longitudinal birth cohort born in the late 1990s. Emotional distress symptoms and classroom engagement behavior from ages 6 to 10 years were assessed by teachers. Trajectories were generated to differentiate groups of children. Physical activity and sport participation from preschool to early adolescence were measured by parents and children themselves. Various statistical analyses were used to examine the mutual relationship between physical activity and later emotional distress or classroom engagement. All analyses were stratified by sex and controlled for multiple pre-existing individual and family factors. We identified three emotional distress trajectories from ages 6 to 10 years: ‘Low’, ‘Increasing’, and ‘Declining’. As for classroom engagement during the same years, we identified two trajectories: ‘High’ and ‘Moderate.’ First, boys who never participated in sport at age 5 years were more likely to be in the ‘Increasing’ or ‘Declining’ emotional distress trajectories compared to boys who participated in any sporting activity. Yet boys who participated in sports at age 5 years showed long-term positive benefits. Furthermore, boys who were the most physically active at age 12 years were the least emotionally distressed (i.e. ‘Low’ trajectory). Second, for girls, being in the ‘High’ classroom engagement trajectory predicted higher levels of leisure time physical activity, including sport participation, at age 12 years. For boys, consistent participation in sport from ages 6 to 10 years predicted higher levels of classroom engagement at age 12 years. Our findings suggest positive, bidirectional, and longitudinal associations between physical activity and two important components of health promotion in youth, that is mental health and school performance. These associations show different dynamics for boys and girls. This study supports the relevance of enhancing current public health effort to promote physical activity, emotional adjustment, and school engagement in early childhood in order to achieve better mental health, optimal school performance, and a more active lifestyle in later childhood. Our results also support the pertinence of investing financial resources in youth intervention so that children can develop their full potential both in the classroom and in structured extracurricular contexts in order to foster optimal growth and development.

Cette recherche exploratoire sur l’équité socio-économique de confort pédagogique vise à comprendre la problématique du faible rendement du système scolaire des Seychelles. Elle met l’accent sur l’équité du système en se basant sur la performance scolaire des élèves au sein des écoles primaires et secondaires aux Seychelles. L’objectif est de faire un état de lieu de l’équité socio-économique de confort pédagogique aux Seychelles. Ainsi à partir d’un corpus de 74 textes constitués pour l’essentiel de rapports ministériels nous avons réalisé une analyse documentaire (Cellard, 1997 ; Gauthier, 2009 ; Poupart et al., 1997) qui a permis de dégager quelques caractéristiques de la situation de l’école Seychelloise par rapport à la mise en œuvre de l’équité. Une analyse de la quantité et la qualité des enseignants, des stratégies pédagogiques déployées en salle de classe et l’évaluation des apprentissages montre que le système éducatif Seychellois a encore du chemin à faire pour couvrir convenablement les attentes en matière d’équité socio-économique de confort pédagogique, envisagée sous l’angle de la conceptualisation de Sall et De Ketele (1997). Ce constat majeur d’une faiblesse plus générale du système éducatif Seychellois par rapport à cette forme d’équité nous a amenée à faire diverses recommandations, tant en ce qui concerne les directions d’établissement qui devraient réajuster les politiques en matière d’équité ; mais aussi en direction du personnel enseignant plus large, incluant leurs formateurs, appelés à traduire en actes concrets l’équité en classe et dans les relations avec les élèves. Celui-ci comme on le verra requiert à la fois un travail de différenciation pour soutenir et accompagner les élèves en fonction de leurs besoins d’apprentissage, mais aussi un travail de régulation et d’ajustement continue des stratégies d’enseignement et d’évaluation pour les aligner sur une norme de justice sociale. / This exploratory research on socio-economic equity of educational comfort aims to understand the problem related to the low performance of the Seychelles educational system. It emphasizes the fairness of the system based on the academic performance of students in primary and secondary schools in Seychelles. The aim is to assess the socio-economic equity of educational comfort in the Seychelles. Thus, from a corpus of 74 texts comprised mainly of ministerial reports, we carried out a documentary analysis (Cellard, 1997; Gauthier, 2009; Poupart et al., 1997) which made it possible to identify some characteristics of the situation regarding schools in Seychelles in relation to the implementation of equity. An analysis of the quantity and quality of teachers, of the pedagogical strategies deployed in the classroom and how students are being assessed shows that the Seychelles education system still has a few milestones to cover adequately the expectations in terms of socio-economic equity of pedagogical comfort, considered from the angle of the conceptualization of Sall and De Ketele (1997). This major finding in regards to the general weakness of the Seychelles education system in relation to this form of equity led us to make various recommendations both towards the school administrators who should readjust policies in place based on equity, also the teaching staff, including their education trainer, who are called upon to translate equity in their classrooms and the way they interact with their students. As we will see, this requires applying differentiation techniques to support and accompany the students according to their learning needs, and also it involves that teachers regulate and continuously adjust their teaching and evaluation strategies to align with a standard of social justice.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.