261 |
日本型市場経済システムの変容に関する研究王, 凌 23 March 2022 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第23970号 / 人博第1022号 / 新制||人||241(附属図書館) / 2022||人博||1022(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生文明学専攻 / (主査)教授 大黒 弘慈, 准教授 柴山 桂太, 教授 小畑 史子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM
|
262 |
日本經濟復甦對銀行業影響之探討郭夢慈 Unknown Date (has links)
日本經濟自1990年起,由「日本第一」落入「流動性陷阱」,而陷入長達10多年的不景氣,主因是日本股市及不動產市場重挫,企業向銀行貸款所提供之擔保品價值下滑,卻因在低利率時代已過度借貸,又經營不善面臨虧損,發生償債困難,一旦財務有所改善,只想提前償還貸款,而無增加貸款意願,故稱為「資產負債表的衰退」(Balance Sheet Recession)。整體經濟景氣蕭條,國內需求不振,亦使振興經濟之寬鬆貨幣政策無法達到預期效果。
日本資產泡沫的破滅使銀行體系的逾放問題日益嚴重。日本政府為了加強銀行體系的健全性,實施金融改革(Big Bang)。使原本以傳統存、放款業務為主的銀行,在面臨國際化浪潮時,也能同時經營證券、保險業務,並將新金融商品引進日本。並由隸屬於內閣府的金融廳(Financial Services Agency)來監督日本銀行及證券業務,負責金融檢查及金融法規企劃業務,落實金融與財政分離之原則。但日本金融業務日益多元化,及衍生性金融商品日趨複雜,對金融監理機關之專業能力,形成新的挑戰。以上所述為日本國內的經濟與金融問題。
至於日圓對外幣的匯率方面,由於日圓利率偏低,套利交易(carry trade) 盛行。投資人趁著日本央行維持低利率之際,借入低成本的日圓資金,然後換成利率較高的外幣轉戰國際市場,追逐收益較高的資產,同時賺取利差、匯率及資產升值的價差,使日圓匯率的走勢疲弱,也造成全球金融市場的波動。
本論文的分析包含:
ㄧ、日本經濟不景氣問題剖析:股市及不動產資產泡沫化
二、日本金融危機形成原因:資產價格下跌,影響抵押品價值,企業償債能力變差,故使銀行不良債權增加。
三、日本總體經濟近況(GDP、CPI、失業率的變化)及經濟復甦後日本央行貨幣政策的改變
四、日本金融市場如股市、房地產市場及日本政府債券(JGB)市場的分析及展望。
五、探討日本銀行業獲利能力、不良債權問題、資本適足率以及銀行業股價指數的變化。
六、根據台灣以及日本最近的發展對金融監理單位及銀行業提出應有的改革與建議。 / The Japanese economy fell into a “liquidity trap” in 1990. Due to the stock market and real estate market plunge, the deep recession has lasted for over 10 years. The bursting of asset bubbles caused the balance sheets of enterprises to become weaker and weaker. All companies hoped to reduce their debt to banks if they were profitable. They had no intention to reinvest any more. So it was called - Balance Sheet Recession.
Even though the Bank of Japan adopted an easy monetary policy, the financial system remained vulnerable. With the bad debt of commercial banks increasing, the NPL (non-performing loan) problem has been a major concern for city banks and regional banks.
Japan's "Big Bang" reforms radically altered its financial marketplace. The barriers separating banks, securities, and insurance companies were lowered. The Financial Services Agency replaced Ministry of Finance to oversee banking, securities and exchange and insurance in order to ensure the stability of the financial system. As for financial business diversified and derivative products complicated, there were many great challenges facing the financial regulatory authorities.
During the past decade, the yen carry trade has become a target for many investors or speculators. Traders using this strategy attempt to capture the difference between the interest rates of two currencies. Taking USD/Yen for example, they borrowed the cheaper yen and invested in U.S. Treasuries yielding a higher interest rate. It causes the depreciation of Japanese Yen and increases the volatility of financial markets.
This essay describes Japanese financial crisis, Japanese monetary policy, stock market, and real estate market. Besides, I analyze the profitability, capital adequacy, and non-performing problems of Japanese banks. Finally, I give my personal opinions on Taiwan and Japan’s banking industry.
|
263 |
結構型債券不當銷售爭議與投資人保護之法律問題 / The improper-selling of structured notes and the legal issues for structured notes investors protection.謝巧君, Hsieh, Chiao Chun Unknown Date (has links)
自2008年5月起,國內發生了向銀行購買號稱保本或條件式保本的結構型債券的投資人,因所購買之結構債觸及下限,導致本金大賠,而這些投資人無法承受損失,組成自救會要向銀行討回投資本金的事件;同年9月美國雷曼兄弟公司倒閉,購買連結該公司股票,或購買由該公司及其子公司發行或保證之結構債之受害投資人要求銀行全額買回不當銷售之結構債,另外投資人亦多向銀行主管機關行政院金融監督管理委員會、民意代表等提出陳情,指稱銀行在販售結構債時,並沒有善盡事前告知的義務,加上用詐欺或誘導等方式進行不當行銷勸誘,並對應告知投資人的重要事項僅為選擇性的說明,且更有理專在簽約書面文件中偽造其已告知投資人相關風險及資訊,因此造成銀行不當銷售結構債等金融商品的議題受到重視及討論。
我國傳統上面對金融商品係針對個別商品之架構(例如有價證券或期貨)而採不同的監理規範,惟此種立法係以商品得以明確定性為前提,然在財務工程技術不斷推陳出新,金融創新成為趨勢的現在,混合傳統商品所推出的新型態金融商品就應如何定性及適用法律,即為監理及投資人保護法制上的新課題。
此外,從民眾經由銀行推介而投資結構型債券而生的糾紛可發現,銀行在向民眾推介購買金融商品時,常發生糾紛的類型多可歸類為未推薦符合客戶風險屬性商品的商品適合性(suitability)不符,以及銷售時未確實對於該項商品可能產生的風險完整告知。故有關商品適合性及告知義務在我國法上的規範及內容,及對於違反商品適合性及告知義務時,受害投資人若要提起相關訴訟時,應該如何主張自身的權益,亦為本文研究的重心。
本文於第壹章提出本文研究動機及研究方法,第貳章則介紹結構型債券的種類及風險,並嘗試替結構債進行法律定性,第參章分析銀行辦理財富管理業務時,應遵守之法規範,同時介紹國內銀行受投資人委託投資結構債之規定,並附論主管機關因結構債銷售爭議事件發生,而對結構型商品所增訂的管制規範,以及我國統一管理金融服務業銷售行為規範的金融服務業法。第肆章為分析國內銀行不當銷售結構債予一般投資人之法律爭議,並介紹國外實務案例,以及國外有關違反忠實義務及注意義務的判斷標準;另從我國現行法制下檢討受到銀行不當銷售之投資人可能得主張銀行損害賠償之請求權基礎,並觀察與分析我國目前利用銀行公會評議機制處理投資人申訴之情形;第伍章介紹英國2000年金融服務暨市場法中,關於消費者遇到金融商品服務相關糾紛時得採用的申訴機制,並介紹日本金融商品販賣法及金融商品交易法中對銷售行為管制相關規定;另附論該國實務界對於金融機構不當銷售時,對投資人應負的責任,以及該國實務界調節損害賠償責任的方式;第陸章為結論及建議,將提出我國目前法制對不當銷售之問題面臨的挑戰,尤其是於金融商品交易資訊不對稱的情形下,投資人提起商品適合性與金融機構未盡告知義務訴訟時產生的難題,並提供相關建議。
|
264 |
跳躍擴散模型下固定比例債務債券評價,風險構面及避險分析 / The Pricing, Credit Risk Decomposition and Hedging Analysis of CPDO Under The Jump Diffusion Model王聖元, Wang , Sheng Yuan Unknown Date (has links)
信用衍生性商品在市場上交易漸趨熱絡,創新速度更是一日千里,市場上琳琅滿目的信用衍生性商品,投資人要如何審慎客觀評估風險後再檢視自身能承擔的風險後投資,諸如此類的議題在近幾年備受關注。尤其在2007金融海嘯之後,所有信用衍生性產品也無一倖免,信用評等公司對信用衍生性產品的評價,也備受挑戰,因此,辨識風險以及驅避風險在後金融海嘯時期,已是一刻不容緩之待解決問題。固定比例債務債券(Constant Proportion Debt Obligations; CPDO)亦是金融海嘯前一年所發明的創新信用衍生性商品,由於其高收益特性以及強調極低投資風險,吸引了許多投資人爭相購買,但金融海嘯時期,也是付之一炬。為了使投資人更了解此商品的風險,本研究運用在跳躍擴散模型假設下,存在封閉解的雙出場障礙式選擇權複製此商品的風險因子,並且為了描述此商品具有動態調整槓桿的時間相依(Time Dependent)性質,加入了蒙地卡羅模擬法,捕捉任意時點上,投資人面臨的風險,將風險因子拆解選擇權後,也更能讓投資人能以投資選擇權的知識運用到此商品來操作。最後,為了使投資人趨避諸如金融海嘯時期的風險,本研究也用選擇權的Delta 避險策略,替商品虛擬一現貨市場,並模擬出其避險之績效。 / The increasing trading volumes and innovative structures of credit derivatives have attracted great academic attention in the quantification and analysis of their complex risk characteristics. The pricing and hedging issues of complex credit structuers after the 2009 financial crisis are especially vital, and they present great challegens to both the academic community and industry practitioners. Constant Proportion Debt Obligations (CPDOs) are one of the new credit-innovations that claim to provide risk-adverse investors with fixed-income cash flows and minimal risk-bearing, yet the cash-outs events of such products during the crisis unfolded risk characteristics that had been unseen to investors. This research focuses on the pricing risk quantification, and dynamic hedging issues of CPDOs under a Levy jump diffusion setting. Based on decomposing the product's risk structure, we derive explicit closed-form solutions in the form of time-dependent double digital knock-out barrier options. This enables us to explore, in terms of the associated hedging greeks, the embeded risk characteristics of CPDOs and propose feasible delta-netral strategies that are feasible to hedge such products. Numerical simulations are subsequently performed to provide benchmark measures for the proposed hedging strategies.
|
265 |
二次擔保債權憑證之評價及其風險衡量-條件機率獨立模型 / The Valuation and Risk Measure of CDO-Squared under Conditional Independence陳嘉祺 Unknown Date (has links)
本文的主旨在評價二次擔保債權憑證。在條件獨立機率的假設下,我們使用factor copula的方法去刻劃違約事件間的相關係數,並提供了一個有效率的迴圈演算法去建構損失分配。本方法同時考慮違約數目及違約位置,同時亦可解決重疊性的問題。本文所建構的是Hull and White(2004)的延申模型。我們也對各參數作敏感度分析,以求得其對分券價差的影響。文中亦主張一些風險衝量指標,以量化重疊性的程度等風險議題。 / In this paper we address the pricing issues of CDO of CDOs. Underlying the conditional indepdence assumption we use the factor copula approach to characterize the correlation of defaults events. We provide an efficient recursive algorithm that constructs the loss distribution. Our algorithm accounts for the number of defaults, the location of defaults among inner CDOs, and in addition the degree of overlapping between inner CDOs. Our algorithm is a natural extension of the probability bucketing method of Hull and White (2004). We analyze the sensitivity of different parameters on the tranche spreads of a CDO-squared, and in order to characterize the risk-reward profiles of CDO-squared tranches, we introduces appropriate risk measures that quantify the degree of overlapping among the inner CDOs.
Hull and White (2004) presents a recursive scheme known as probability bucketing approach to construct conditional loss distribution of CDO. However, this approach is insufficient to capture the complexities of CDO².
In the case of the modeling of CDO, we are concerned for the probabilities of different number of defaults upon a time horizon t, e.g., the probabilities of 3 defaults happened within a year. With the mentioned probabilities, we can then calculate the expected loss within the time horizon, which enables us to figure out the spreads of CDO.
However, in the modeling of CDO², an appropriate valuation should be able to overcome two more difficulties: (1) the overlapping structure of the underlying CDOs, and (2) the location where defaults happened, in order to get the fair spreads of CDO².
|
266 |
我國私募公司債之制度評析陳翌欣 Unknown Date (has links)
我國私募公司債法制之引進,可導因於公司法於民國90年增訂私募公司債之法源,及證券交易法於民國91年修法引進私募有價證券制度。由於私募制度及公司債之特性,以私募公司債方式籌資之優點在於,公司除得享有較募集簡便之程序外,因公司債為公司對外之大宗且長期之借款,故可使公司獲得所需之大量資金,而定期支付之利息又可納為費用抵稅。惟在2007年力霸集團以私募公司債作為掏空公司之手段曝光後,無疑地震驚社會大眾,並進而喚起各界對改革現行私募公司債制度之重視。本文重點即係從了解私募公司債相關概念之角度切入,再藉由比較法之研究,以及探討力霸案中所揭示我國法制上之缺失,重新檢視我國私募公司債制度。
美國私募公司債之行為義務規範,除以1933年證券法為本外,證管會尚就私募之要件及轉售之限制頒布安全港規則。美國之轉售規定主要係依據Rule 144安全港規則。而在私募公司債管理制度方面,美國係採受託人制度。又為免信託契約之內容獨厚發行公司,以1939年信託契約法暨1990年修正案為標準,作為發行公司與受託人契約內容之依據,給予公司債債權人適當之保護。日本法就私募公司債之行為義務規範,主要係以公司法及金融商品交易法為本。而在公司債管理制度方面,日本法係兼採受託人制及公司債債權人會議。原則上均以公司法規範之,僅於私募有擔保之公司債時,由於附擔保公司債與無擔保公司債本質上之差異,須另受特別法-附擔保公司債信託法之規範。
就我國現行法制而言,首先,本文以為在形式面上,應整合現行公司法及證券交易法之規定。在實質面上,可考慮廢除公司債總額之限制,而一併就公司所有借款之金額為限制。在非公開發行公司私募公司債法制上,因公司法規範較為簡陋,為保障股東、公司債債權人及投資人權益,應增訂相關配套措施。在公開發行公司私募公司債之法制部分,由於私募普通公司債不涉及股權之稀釋,故為求公司籌資之便利性,建議明定由董事會特別決議為之即可。又為避免發行人以化整為零的方式,規避公開發行應遵守之義務增訂統合計算之規定。再者,我國現行私募之公司債券受有三年轉售限制,相較於外國立法例,顯然過久,不利公司之籌資。
又就私募公司債管理制度方面,應參考日本法制,將無擔保公司債之受託人制度正名為公司債管理人(公司),避免誤認發行公司與管理者間係成立信託契約。更甚者,本文復認為在私募無擔保公司債時,應廢除強制設置公司債管理人(公司)。又為達到受託人制度之目的,確實保護公司債債權人之權益,應修法就我國受託人之選任及義務詳細規範之。
最後,力霸案中所透露之爭議問題有二,其一為是否須限制關係企業間私募公司債,其二則為是否須禁止非公開發行公司私募公司債。本文認為重點應係盡速檢討我國關係企業之法制,建立防堵關係企業間不當控制力行使之法制,而非一概限制關係企業間私募公司債之行為。就第二個爭議,本文從私募及公司債之本質出發,認為應禁止非公開發行公司私募公司債。
|
267 |
歐洲已開發市場之信用違約交換與信用價差動態關係與變化影響因子 / Dynamic relation of credit default swap and bond credit spread on developed European sovereign bonds黃嘉東, Whang, Jia Tung Unknown Date (has links)
本研究探討歐洲已開發市場之主權信用違約交換與主權債券和無風險利率之債券信用價差之間的動態關係以及價格發現現象。此外亦分析可能影響歐洲已開發市場主權信用違約交換與債券信用價差變動之因子。
實證結果發現信用違約交換有較明顯之價格發現功能,且信用違約交換與債券信用價差間之基準差與信用風險呈現正向關係。而歐洲主權債券因其性質特殊,其使用德國政府公債作無風險利率反而較歐元交換利率為佳。此外我們發現利率變化與股市皆為影響歐洲主權信用價差之因子,而波動率之影響不明顯,原因也可能是歐洲主權債券過去低風險而成為資金避險標的之特殊性質。 / The thesis examines the dynamic relation between CDS and bond spread on developed European sovereign bonds. We also investigate which variables will affect the changes of CDS and bond spreads.
We found that price discovery occurs on CDS more often, and the basis between CDS and bond spread has a positive relationship with credit risk. Due to the special characteristic of developed European sovereign bonds, the German sovereign bond yield is a better benchmark for risk-free rate than the Euro swap rate. Also we found that the change of rates and the return on stock market affect the European sovereign credit spread, but the effect of volatility on credit spread is limited. The reason should be the low-risk nature of these bonds in the past, which made them “safe” products for capitals to park.
|
268 |
隨機波動下利率變動型人壽保險之違約風險分析 / Default AnalysisofInterestSensitiveLifeInsurance Policies underStochasticVolatility曾暐筑, Tseng, Wei Chu Unknown Date (has links)
資本市場之系統性風險加劇時,對於利率變動型人壽保險所持有之區隔資產將出現大幅波動,進而影響保險公司之清償能力,本研究透過建立區隔資產負債表之隨機模型,檢視系統性風險下對於人壽保險業違約風險之變化,並透過敏感度分析找出對違約風險影響最大的因子。
本研究依據利率變動型壽險之現金流量建立公司之資產負債模型,預期建立Heston (1993)模型描述標的資產的隨機波動過程,相較於以往Black-Scholes (1973)模型更能反映真實的市場波動。本研究藉由資產與負債的變化,衡量保險公司違約風險,同時分析影響違約風險之各項因子,包含解約、死亡與資產配置策略之關聯性。本研究結果顯示,宣告利率、評價時間長度及資產配置策略等皆會影響保險公司之違約風險及其破產幅度。 / When systemic risk of capital markets exacerbates, the segment assets that held by interest sensitive life insurance policies will fluctuate widely and affect insurer's solvency. This paper considers the problem of valuating the default risk of the life insurers under systematic risk, by constructing a stochastic model of segment balance sheet.
In this paper, we establish insurer's asset-liability model on the basis of interest sensitive life insurance policies' cash flow.In particular, we use Heston(1993) model to simulate stochastic process of assets, which is better reflect market volatility than Black-Scholes(1973) model in reality. And moreover, by means of the variation on asset and liability, this study evaluating the default risk of life insurers and analyze the factors affect default risk, like the correlation between surrender, death and asset allocation. And using the result of sensitivity analysis to determine which factor is more important, like guaranteed rate, time period of valuation and so on.
|
269 |
國際會計準則 IFRS 4 Phase II 對壽險業負債衡量影響之探討 / The Analysis of the effect from liability evaluation for Life Insurance Policies After Adopting IFRS 4 Phase II in Taiwan鍾昀珊, Chung, Yun Shan Unknown Date (has links)
人壽保險業為特許行業,各國基於不同監理目的而有不同會計處理規定,導致各國會計差異問題的浮現。台灣自 2011 年 1 月 1 日起正式 適用國際財務報導準則保險合約第一階段規範與國際接軌,其為過渡性準則,乃說明保險合約之定義、合約之認列與衡量及其揭露等,實施後影響不大。但實施後保險業仍存在對資產採公平價值評價,而對負債 (責任準備金) 採成本法評價之不一致現象。因此,為達資產負債 管理的一致性,將實施 IFRS 4 Phase II,對保險負債採公平價值評價並 規定保險負債須以無風險利率評價。本研究將在 IFRS 4 Phase II 對負債公平價值的規範架構下,以壽險 業商品的準備金為例,評估 IFRS 4 Phase II 實施後其準備金價值及公 司財報損益所會產生的差異。此外,探討 IFRS 4 Phase II 實施後對壽 險業的評價影響,諸如服務邊際、現金價值與風險調整,包含此財務揭露改變是否將對壽險業之商品類型造成影響。 / Life insurance corporation should be granted a franchise by the government in every countries. The purpose of supervision based on different countries have different accounting rules, leading to differences in national accounting problems. Taiwan has officially adopted the framework of International Financial Reporting Standards 4 Phase I since January 1, 2011. IFRS 4 Phase I is a transitional guidelines, which includes some definitions of insurance contracts. The principles of IFRS Phase I doesn’t cause serious effects for life insurance corporations. However, the problem of mismatching between the fair value of assets and the book value of liabilities still exists. Therefore, in order to achieve consistency management in asset and liability, the fair value valuation for liabilities is required under the frame work of IFRS 4 Phase II In our research, we would take a policy for example to evaluate the fair value of liabilities under the framework of IFRS 4 Phase II. Besides, we also analyze the the influences for life insurance companies after applying the IFRS 4 Phase II.
|
270 |
量化寬鬆對信用風險的影響-以歐豬五國為例 / The impact of quantitative easing on credit risk in the Eurozone-take PIIGS for example林顥峰, Lin, Hao Feng Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以事件研究法的方式,研究歐洲央行宣布量化寬鬆(Quantitative Easing, QE)對歐豬五國信用風險的影響,本研究以各國主權信用違約交換的超額報酬顯著性衡量量化寬鬆政策對信用風險的影響。
研究結果為多數的QE政策宣告對歐豬五國信用風險的影響在事件期中有正向有負向,且時常交錯分布,未有一固定的模式,故無法得到一個明確的結論。 / This paper examines the impact of the ECB’s (European Central Bank) quantitative easing program on the credit risk of PIIGS. In this case, we used each underlying countries’ excess return of their sovereign CDSs to identify if their credit risks are decreased significantly.
Our finding was that most QE announcements by the ECB had multiple impacts on the credit risk of PIIGS. They had both positive and negative impacts. Also, the patterns were not the same, so we do not have a clear conclusion on whether the QE policies are good or bad for the credit risk of PIIGS.
|
Page generated in 0.0282 seconds