Martin Lindstrom (2005a) 指出除了視覺，嗅覺其實才是人類五官中最重要的，然而目前國內嗅覺相關之研究仍相當稀少。本研究由消費者之觀點出發，主要探討嗅覺線索與標的產品之一致性與否對消費者態度與購買意願的影響，並分析在「涉入程度」及「品牌概念」的調節作用下，對上述關係有何影響。 本研究經由前測，選擇手錶與運動鞋兩產品類別進入正式實驗，手錶產品類別中，以Swatch為象徵型品牌，CASIO為功能型品牌；運動鞋產品類別則以Puma為象徵型品牌，New Balance為功能型品牌。並以模擬的8張彩色平面廣告，施測於530位政大大學部之學生，進行2 (產品類別：手錶/運動鞋) x 2 (嗅覺線索：一致/不一致) x 2 (涉入程度：高/低) x 2 (品牌概念：象徵型品牌/功能型品牌) 的正式實驗。 研究結果顯示：一、就嗅覺線索主效果而言，與標的產品不一致的嗅覺線索比一致性之嗅覺線索更能提高消費者對產品的評價。二、在品牌概念的調節作用下，與標的產品不一致的嗅覺線索比一致性的嗅覺線索更能提升消費者對產品的評價，此情況在消費者面對功能型品牌時比象徵型品牌還要明顯。 整體而言，嗅覺線索的確會影響消費者對產品之評價。本研究提供行銷人員未來在採用嗅覺線索時，可考量的更多因素，以選擇合適的嗅覺線索加以應用。 / Martin Lindstrom (2005a) pointed out that other than sight, smell is the most important sense in the human anatomy. However, research on smell is still rare. This research sets out from the consumer perspective to discuss the effects that consistency between olfactory cues and target products have on purchase intention. Moderating effects of involvement and brand concept are also studied for their effects on the study. Watches and sport shoes were selected as the target products for this study. The symbolic brand in the watch category is Swatch, whereas the functional brand is CASIO; in terms of sport shoes, the symbolic brand is Puma, while the functional brand is New Balance. A2 (product category: watch / sport shoes) x 2 (olfactory cues: congruity / incongruity)x 2 (involvement: high / low) x 2 (brand concept: symbolic brand /functional brand) experimental design collected data from 530 Chengchi university students through 8 color printed advertisements. Research findings indicate the following. (1) In terms of the main olfactory cue effect, olfactory cues that are incongruent with the target product can better increase consumers’ evaluation of the product than congruent olfactory cues. (2) In terms of the brand concept moderating effect, olfactory cues that are incongruent with the target product can better increase consumers’ evaluation of the product than congruent olfactory cues. This is more evident when consumers deal with functional brands than when dealing with symbolic brands. To sum up, olfactory cues do in fact influence consumers’ evaluations of products. This study provides marketers with numerous factors that should be considered when selecting the adequate olfactory cues.

行動時代的到來為社群媒體帶來了發展的春天，原生廣告也隨之應運而生，成為備受社群媒體青睞的新興廣告形式。而在中國市場，WeChat與Weibo這兩大社群媒體自2012年起相繼推出了資訊流廣告服務，並不斷試水新的技術和表現形式。兩者的資訊流廣告在運作機制和表現形式上雖有所雷同，但仍各有特點，其中最主要的差異體現在廣告訊息的按讃者和按讃數量上。 因此，本研究以WeChat和Weibo為研究對象，援引推敲可能性模式理論，希望探究消費者在觀看WeChat和Weibo資訊流廣告時，是否會因為廣告訊息按讚者或按讚數量的不同，在品牌態度和購買意願上產生差異。 本研究採用實驗室實驗法，招募60名國立政治大學非傳播相關科系的大陸籍學生進行實驗。研究結果發現WeChat和Weibo的資訊流廣告訊息接收者在品牌態度和購買意願的形塑歷程上確實存在差異：就WeChat而言，廣告訊息可信度更能正向影響消費者的品牌態度和購買意願；就Weibo而言，感知按讃數量更能正向影響消費者的購買意願，但對品牌態度不構成顯著影響。 / Native advertising has emerged both as an exciting new way for digital marketers to engage with the consumer, and as a new source of advertising revenue for social media. In the China market, news feed ad, a major type of native advertising, has been very popular in WeChat and Weibo since 2012. Visually the native advertisement in these two social media seem pretty similar, but they have enough differences to make them different, particularly in the differences of likers and the number of likes on advertisement. Using the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) adopted by Harkins and Petty, this study focus on WeChat and Weibo and try to clarify the differences of consumer’s information processing, brand attitude and purchase intention between these two social media, which has various social tie strength. Adopting an laboratory experimentation, a total of 60 samples, participated in this study during January, 2017. Finding of this study show the differences of brand attitude and purchase intention towards news feed ad when subjects are exposed to WeChat between Weibo. In WeChat, message credibility indicate more significant influence on the brand attitude and purchase intention towards native advertisement rather than perceived number of likes. Oppositely perceived number of likes positively influence on purchase intention towards native advertisement in Weibo.

本研究的目的主要在於探討消費者在初進入陌生環境，不具備決策所需的相關資訊時，口耳相傳資訊的搜尋行為在消費者決策的過程中所扮演的角色，以及口耳相傳資訊在最終決策時發揮有效性的影響因素。 本研究以選課決策、參加社團選擇決策、學校附近飲料購買地點選擇決策等消費者會展現出不同涉入程度的三類決策為實驗標的，並以較不具備環境知識的大學新鮮人為受測對象，以實驗方法來探討涉入程度不同的決策類型與口耳相傳資訊搜尋行為、社會關係強度之關聯。 由實證結果可知，消費者在進行涉入程度較高的決策類型時，對於口耳相傳資訊的搜尋將愈趨積極，並愈傾向於向與本身具有較強社會關係的口耳相傳資訊提供者探詢意見。此外，當消費者對於口耳相傳資訊的搜尋愈趨主動時，也會愈傾向於向與本身具有較強社會關係的口耳相傳資訊提供者探詢意見，且由口耳相傳資訊搜尋活動中所獲致的助益也愈高。 在消費者個人的特質方面，本研究引入消費者國籍此一變數，受限於樣本的數目，本研究對於國籍議題所作成的初步結論為：來自不同國家的消費者，當其面對涉入程度不同的決策類型時，其對口耳相傳資訊的搜尋數量是有所差異的。

本研究主要是探討消費者對「無形服務」的外部資訊搜尋行為。根據文獻回顧，將影響外部資訊搜尋的決定因素分為四類：成本效益因素（預期搜尋利益、時間壓力及財務壓力）、消費者心理層面因素（涉入程度及知覺風險）、中介層面因素（消費者知識經驗）以及人口統計變項（性別、年齡、教育程度及所得水準）來分析與外部資訊搜尋行為之間的關係。而研究標的則選擇婚紗攝影業，乃因婚紗攝影在每個人的一生中具有其重要含意，加上產品屬較高價位，故消費者在決定選購之前，會有較明顯的資訊搜尋行為。 本研究採郵寄問卷的方式來搜集樣本，並以複迴歸分析、因徑分析、雙因子變異數分析、及對比檢定來進行統計分析。盼能藉此研究一方面提供服務業一個消費者行為的分析架構，以助其擬定較佳的行銷策略；另一方面希望將「有形產品」的消費者資訊搜尋行為研究延伸至「無形服務」，並與過去在「有形產品」方面的研究結果做一比較，以供未來學術研究參考。 而實證結果發現，心理層面的因素包括消費者涉入程度及消費者知覺風險對外部資訊搜尋行為的解釋力最高。且各層面外部資訊搜尋決定因素與「主觀」的資訊搜尋行為之間的關連性與解釋能力較「客觀」的資訊搜尋行為來得強。此外，雖然以往文獻中所提的資訊搜尋決定因素在本研究中各層面逐一檢定時顯著性多半獲得支持，但合併檢驗時，在客觀資訊搜尋行為方面，只有預期利益、消費者涉入程度兩者呈顯著；在主觀資訊搜尋行為方面則僅有涉入程度及知識經驗呈顯著，可見決定消費者對無形服務的資訊搜尋行為決定因素只有關鍵的幾項，並非所有變數均為決定因素。 在中介層面變項－消費者知識經驗的檢定方面，本研究結果支持了「消費者知識經驗」是其涉入程度與主觀外部資訊搜尋努力程度的中介變項，亦即消費者的涉入程度是透過其消費者知識經驗來影響其主觀外部資訊搜尋努力程度之高低。 而在自變數間交互作用的分析方面，消費者涉入程度與知覺風險具加乘效果，亦即涉入程度高且知覺風險高的消費者其外部資訊搜尋行為會較其他消費者來得多。此外，本研究亦證明了高涉入的消費者其主觀外部搜尋行為與其知識經驗之間的關係為倒Ｕ型。 / This thesis examines the determinants of consumer information search forintangible goods.The emperical model includes such factors that influence the consumer external search behavior: perceiced benefits, time cost, financial cost, invlovement, perceiced risk, knowledge, age, gender,and income. The results find that the main determinant factor are involvement and perceived benefit.

廣告訴求的方式可分為理性及感性，所造成的說服及溝通效果也有不同。一則好的廣告必須針對產品特性及消費者特徵，設計正確的訴求，以達最佳的溝通效果。為能設計有效的廣告，必須對廣告訴求的效果進行釐清，本文主要的目的有三。其一，探討理性訴求、感性訴求及兼具訴求的廣告效果；其二，產品之涉入程度、購買決策程度與廣告訴求之關連；其三，消費者之腦側化、產品知識與廣告訴求之關連。 本文在實證分析方面，採用實驗法進行，探討訴求在平面廣告上的運用。主要的操弄變數有廣告訴求型態、產品的涉入程度、產品的購買決策、受測者的側腦偏向、受測者的產品知識等五個。希望透由變數的操弄，瞭解廣告訴求適用的時機，並對學術上及實務上提供一些建議， 經由實證分析後，結論如下： (1)理性訴求可以增加產品對消費者的說服效果，感性訴求可以增加產品對消費者的情感效果，兼具訴求融合了說服效果及情感效果。 (2)在資訊處理過程中，注意過程的來源為圖案，理解、接受、保留過程為文案所支配。 (3)複雜購買決策的產品應該使用理性訴求，簡單購買決策的產品較適合使用感性訴求及兼具訴求。 (4)高度涉入的產品宜使用理性訴求的廣告，低度涉入的產品宜使用兼具訴求或感性訴求的廣告。 (5)複雜決策購買可使用理性訴求，降低失調購買及尋求多樣購買可使用兼具訴求，習慣性購買可使用感性訴求。 (6)兼具訴求較能同時滿足左腦側化及右腦側化消費者的偏好。 (7)對產品知識低的消費者可使用感性訴求的廣告。

現代科技產業發達，「消費性耐久財」，也就是所謂的科技產品日新月異，新產品推出後開始其創新擴散與為大眾所接受的過程。在科技產品相同品項中，常存在著代表標準的主流技術或產品，而該主流品牌易成為上下游廠商競相合作的對象，這樣的地位也保證著高度的消費者採用意願。個人自我創新特質可決定是否採用新技術產品，不可忽略的是來自週遭人群採用的網路外部性影響，越多人採用能降低使用上的風險與不確定性，並提高生活與工作上的效率；互補性產品推出亦會因多人採用而越發完善，如此便能更確立其產品或技術在市場中的主流地位。 本研究以2010年初上市的蘋果電腦iPad為主要被接受科技，至今已帶動許多科技大廠投入平板電腦市場，其中不乏電腦與智慧型手機業者，甚或是電信業者亦欲加入此新世代多點觸控風氣盛行的平板電腦產業，蘋果電腦iPad的銷售量居高不下，顯示其儼然已位居主流產品地位。為了能探究其活化已瀕臨死亡的平板電腦市場之因，本研究認為應以創新擴散理論、科技接受模型與網路外部性的組合做為研究探討基礎理論，並採用品牌形象、涉入程度與資訊構面來輔佐加強，以達到與過去國內科技產品創新接受模型的差異化的目的，提供不同方向的切入點。本研究盼能在以問卷量化設計的構面採用中，將蘋果iPad此等消費性耐久財的廠商面與消費面間策略取得平衡探討，提供給平板電腦廠商思考行銷與聯盟策略上的參考依據，而本研究結果發現如下： (一) 個人內在創新特質與兩種外部因素代表的網路外部性，會正面影響採用者對於蘋果iPad的正面創新知覺特質，形成正面的採用態度；在採用者部份負面創新知覺特質上，也有負面效果存在。 (二) 尚未購買者的採用意願較不受負面創新知覺特質影響，正面知覺特質有助於增加已購買者的未來繼續採用意願。 (三) 有形與無形品牌形象中，唯有無形者對於繼續採用意願的增強無效。 (四) 加入對於蘋果iPad產品涉入程度考量後的廠商與消費資訊，並不完全提升對繼續採用意願的影響效果，且對於採用意願無顯著影響。 故整體而言，平板電腦廠商，應能由廠商與消費面切入思考產品研發與行銷策略，由目標市場的需求做基礎考量新產品功能，並善用品牌、銷售與廠商策略聯盟資訊，增強採用者的好印象，才能真正擴散其創新科技以達永續經營。 關鍵字：創新擴散、科技接受、網路外部性、涉入程度、品牌形象 / Global technical industry booms, especially the “consuming durable,” or the so-called “technical products” evolves fast. After new products are launched, the innovation diffusing and generally accepted procedure starts. Among the same technical items, there is always a mainstream technology or product which could play the role as a referred standard. And the mainstream brand would easily become the one that up and downstream manufacturers long to cooperate with. The position will also present the highly consumer accepting intention. Self-innovation could be an important dominant factor deciding whether to accept product with new technology. However the external network effect from the acceptance of people around is indispensible as well. As a rule of thumb, more acceptances could reduce the risk and uncertainty when using the targeted product or technology. Meanwhile, this will also increase the efficiency in daily life or at work. Complementary goods would develop more completely because of mass acceptance and this way it will help ensure the mainstream role of product or technology in the market. The research would take Apple iPad which was launched in the early of 2010 as the main accepted technology. It has encouraged many famous technical firms to join the new generation tablet PC market, including not only the originally computer and cell phone but also telecommunication firms. The highest sales among the tablet PC market showed iPad’s role as the mainstream product and technology. This research would take innovation diffusion theory, technology acceptance model and network externality as the basic theoretical combination to discuss the phenomenon that iPad helped excite tablet PC market. Besides, we add brand image, involvement, and information factors to our research framework so as to distinguish from and hope could provide more perspectives to the past theories discussing consuming durables’ innovation diffusion. And we expect to design ideal questionnaires including all the factors discussed, strike a discussing balance between firm and consumer strategies, and providing the consequence for Tablet PC firms’ considering marketing and cooperation strategies as supporting references. The following points are main conclusions of this research: 1. Internal self innovation and two kinds of network externality have positive effects on consumers’ positive innovative perceptions when accepting iPad; negative effects on negative innovation perceptions. 2. Potential buyers’ accepting intentions are less affected by negative innovative perceptions, but positive innovative perceptions would positively affect buyers’ continuing accepting intentions. 3. Only intangible brand image has no effect on buyers’ continuing accepting intentions. 4. After taking iPad product involvement into consideration, we found that the effects of information on accepting intentions will not be enhanced but will have partial effect on continuing accepting intentions. Considering everything, Tablet PC firms should do the product R&D and marketing plan on the basis of firm and consumer, launch the new function by taking consumer’s demand into consideration, and take full advantage of brand, sales and firm cooperation information to leave good impression on consumers. This way, they could really diffuse innovation and fulfill the goal of eternal operation. Keywords: Innovation Diffusion, Technology Acceptance, Network Externality, Brand Image, Involvement.

近年來網路購物市場的發展蓬勃，其營業成長狀況每年有近兩位數字的成長。由於不少研究顯示，網路購物由於本身通路性質，使得網路購物有一定的侷限性，因此，認為網路比較合適像是搜尋品類產品的販賣，而經驗品類的產品較不合適在在網路上販售。然而，實際網路銷售狀況卻有不同的結果。根據許多調查發現，網路消費者購買的品類排名中，以服裝和配件居冠，美容保健產品居次。而十大台灣人氣賣家中，就有三家服飾類賣家和一家美妝美保養類賣家。屬於體驗型產品的服裝類銷售，在網路購物市場中表現十分傑出。 本研究欲針對這樣理論與實際狀況的不同加以研究，探討促成消費者網購服裝的行為原因。本研究把網購行為分為「網路購買服裝頻次」、「平均網購服裝金額」和「平均網購服裝件數」；而影響的因素則從「網路使用經驗」、「網路知覺風險」、「購物導向」、「流行涉入程度」及認知中的「服裝屬性」等五大方面著手。 本研究以問卷方式獲取初級資料，收獲有效問卷共354份，經過統計回歸分析後發現，「節省力氣之便利型購物導向」、「體驗型購物導向」和「流行涉入程度」此三項，最顯著影響消費者網路購買服裝行為。節省力氣之便利型購物導向消費者，傾向具高度方便性的網際網路上購物，其網購頻次高，平均購買件數也高。若是又具備高流行涉入程度，則會增加其在網路上購買服裝的金額。此外，網路使用經驗越久、平常上網時間越長、對服裝有情感性利益及功能性利益的人，都有網路購買服裝的傾向。而還有其他顯著影響因素待於研究中一一闡述。

電視新聞置入性行銷雖是新興現象，但在新聞界蔓延已成為普遍現象，成為影響新聞產製的重要力量。電視新聞置入性行銷，以較為迂迴、精心設計，與新聞內容融合一體，使消費者難以區辨到底是新聞，還是為商品廣告的行銷訊息。國內目前研究，多是探討此種行銷方式，對新聞專業與新聞工作者的影響，尚未見對閱聽人接收與影響面向的研究。是故，本研究欲探究閱聽人對於產品置入性新聞之接收評價，在溝通效果中扮演的角色。 本研究以實驗法進行，採取三因子實驗設計，為2(置入型態：顯性/隱性)*2(論點品質：強論點/弱論點)*2(產品涉入度：高涉入/低涉入)*2=8個產品置入策略組合，為避免受試者觀看不同產品的效果差異，故讓每位受試者觀看分別看高低二種產品涉入度的實驗影片，形成4個實驗組別，共邀集185位受測者參與，回收有效問卷164份，有效回收率為88.65%。　 研究結果發現，「產品置入型態」對置入性新聞溝通效果未有顯著影響。「訊息論點品質」是影響產品置入性新聞的關鍵因素，對產品置入性新聞之溝通效果影響最為顯著；採取強論點訊息，能引發閱聽人較正向的接收評價，不論是訊息接受度、可信度與資訊性皆有較佳的評價，進而影響消費者對品牌的態度，對訊息的記憶程度亦有相對較佳的表現。閱聽人對「置入性行銷的既存態度」影響閱聽人接收不同論點品質的溝通效果：即置入性行銷持以高既存態度者，暴露於強論點品質之產品置入性新聞，比暴露於弱論點品質時產生更多支持性的想法、較高的記憶效果與較佳的訊息態度。 / Although being an emerging phenomenon, the product placement on TV News has spread into an universal phenomenon in the News circles, and become an important force influencing News production. With relatively roundabout and meticulous design, the Product Placement on TV News is well integrated with the News content, making consumers difficult to distinguish it from News and Marketing message of product. Present domestic researches are mainly investigating the impact of such marketing method on journalism and the News workers, but still haven’t focused on the reception and the influence of the audience. Therefore, this study is to investigate the audience’s reception comments on the Product Placemen on TV News and their roles in communication effect. This study adopts the experimentation of three-factor experimental design, which are 2 Placement Types (prominent/subtle) *2 Argument Qualities (strong /weak) *2 Product involvements (High /Low). A total of 185 participants were invited and all of them were randomized to watch the experimental films, and required to fill out the questionnaires after watching. A total of 164 effective questionnaires were returned, with a valid return rate of 88.65%. The results of this study show that the “Type of PPL” has no significant impact on the communication effect of the Product Placement on TV News. The “Message Argument Quality” is the key factor influencing the Product Placement on TV News. Using strong argument messages can trigger the audience’s relatively positive reception comments in message acceptability, News credibility and message informativeness and then impact the consumers’ attitudes towards brands. Also, it has relatively better performance on the recall degree towards messages.The audience’s existing attitudes towards the Placement Marketing impact their communication effects in receiving different argument qualities. The Placement Marketing with high existing attitudes will produce more supportive thoughts, higher recall effect and better message attitude when exposed in Product Placement on TV News of strong argument quality than that exposed in product placement news of weak argument quality.

本論文主要探討愉悅的嗅覺刺激對產品評價與資訊處理的影響。透過兩個子研究分別瞭解產品嗅覺刺激與情境嗅覺刺激各自的影響，以推敲可能性模型做為貫穿全文的主要理論模型，並從多元角色觀點與享樂權宜觀點建構整合模型。產品嗅覺刺激指與產品本身直接有關的氣味，過去在此議題上的研究缺口有二，分別為未考量區辨氣味與產品搭配適合性所需具備之動機，以及不同產品類型之調節效果，例如，氣味對於家用清潔品及保養品的診斷性及攸關性皆較高，但對於筆記型電腦、手機、手錶或隨身碟等產品之診斷價值較低。情境嗅覺刺激指存在於情境中但與被評估之標的產品無關的氣味，過去缺乏探討情境嗅覺刺激影響資訊處理模式之相關研究，但此議題無論對學術或實務都相當重要，因為許多研究人員皆不斷地想探索那些因素會影響人們的資訊處理模式。而且，行銷人員總是希望能藉由產品資訊說服消費者，尤其當不知名品牌的新產品問世時，更仰賴消費者對產品資訊的仔細處理而被說服，進而產生較佳評價。因此，若能進一步瞭解情境嗅覺刺激對資訊處理的影響，對行銷人員在氣味氛圍的營造與操作上，將可提供可參考的方向。 本論文透過兩個子研究並採用實驗法，分別瞭解產品嗅覺刺激與情境嗅覺刺激的影響。研究一又可分為兩個主題，主題一採3 (產品嗅覺刺激：無vs.適合性vs.不適合) * 2 (嗅覺刺激診斷性：高vs.低) *2 (涉入程度：高vs.低)之12組受測者間實驗設計。主題二為情境嗅覺刺激之前導研究，採3 (情境嗅覺刺激：無vs.適合性vs.不適合)之3組受測者間實驗設計。研究二採2 (情境嗅覺刺激的提供：有vs.無) * 2 (廣告訴求：享樂vs.功利) *2 (產品論點品質：強vs.弱)之8組受測者間實驗設計。 關於產品嗅覺刺激有三點重要發現，分別為：(1) 對低資訊處理涉入者來說，無論嗅覺刺激是否具診斷性，氣味愉悅性都是主要的影響因素，此時，產品嗅覺刺激乃為情感性角色，因任務結果對低資訊處理涉入者並不攸關且不感興趣，在這種情況下，其易採取週邊說服路徑，視產品嗅覺刺激為週邊線索，只要氣味具愉悅性，雖適合性不高，仍可提升產品評價。(2) 對高資訊處理涉入者來說，嗅覺刺激具診斷性時，產品嗅覺刺激主要扮演認知性角色，因任務結果對高涉入者為攸關且感興趣，在此情況下，其易採取中央說服路徑，視該氣味為攸關判斷的產品論點，所以會仔細推敲該嗅覺刺激與產品的關係，以決定搭配適合性，對於適合的嗅覺刺激評價會比不適合的佳，此時，嗅覺刺激適合性就類似於強弱產品論點的角色。(3) 當嗅覺刺激不具診斷性時，其認知性角色就會消失，此時，高資訊處理涉入者仍然採取中央說服路徑，但氣味已被視為與判斷無關的週邊線索，所以高涉入者並不會再仔細推敲該嗅覺刺激與產品的關係，適合與否也就不會產生差異，甚至高涉入者還會啟動修正機制，排除氣味愉悅性的影響。 在情境嗅覺刺激部份亦有四點重要發現，分別為：(1) 當愉悅的情境嗅覺刺激存在時，會有助於增加知覺者的正向心情，進而增加消費者對情境標的產品之資訊處理程度並促進其採取中央資訊處理路徑，對於強勢論點品質之產品評價會優於弱勢論點。(2) 愉悅的情境嗅覺刺激也會改變消費者對不同產品資訊類型的偏重，即在資訊處理或編碼階段會對享樂資訊特別關注，因此，在事後對於享樂資訊的提取比率較高，上述效果在享樂廣告訴求下更為明顯。(3) 有愉悅的情境嗅覺刺激存在時，會讓消費者對享樂訴求廣告之產品評價優於功利訴求。(4) 本研究進一步建構情境嗅覺刺激影響產品評價之多元關係，結果發現當產品類型較偏功利性時，則情境嗅覺刺激會先經由引發好心情再增加資訊處理程度，最後才影響產品評價，其中正向心情與資訊處理程度在模式中都是部份中介的角色，當產品類型較偏享樂性時，則情境嗅覺刺激影響產品評價就完全經由心情機制。 / This study adopts a multiple-role view from the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and hedonic contingency model to explore the influences of product scents and ambient scents. The product scents are scents that consumers smell directly from products. In the literature on product scents, there are no research studies considering the moderate role of product types and the motivation to recognize scents appropriately. Ambient scents are scents smelled that are unconnected to products. In the literature on ambient scents, there are no research studies considering how ambient scents can influence information processes. However, many scholars want to explore the factors that can influence information processes. Furthermore, a new product launch by an unknown brand can convince consumers depending on consumers’ careful processing of product information. Thus, this issue is very important to academic study and practice. This study adopts two experiments that realize the effects of product scents and ambient scents separately. Study One can be divided into two parts. Part A adopts a 3 (product scents: none, fit, unfit) * 2 (involvement: high vs. low) * 2 (diagnostic of scents: high vs. low) between-subjects design. Part B is a pilot study of ambient scents that adopts a between-subjects design with 3 factors (ambient scents: none, fit, unfit). The Study Two adopts a 2 (ambient scents: yes vs. no) * 2 (advertisement appeal: hedonic vs. utilitarian) * 2 (argument quality: strong vs. weak) between-subjects design. The results of Study One have three points: (1) for consumers with low involvement in tasks, whether scents are diagnostic for products or not, pleasant scents have significant effects. Because people who are involved in tasks at a low level and are not concerned or interested in outcomes, they are almost persuaded by peripheral routes and regard product scents as peripheral cues. Even though the scents do not fit with the products, they still can cause positive product evaluation depending on the nature of the pleasure. For people with low involvement in tasks, product scents mainly play an emotional role. (2) For people who are highly involved in tasks and really concerned or interested in outcomes, they are almost persuaded by central routes and regard product scents as arguments, especially when scents are diagnostic for products. For them, product scents not only play an emotional role but also a cognitive role. They will evaluate the similarities or differences between products and scents. A scent that fits with a product will cause a more positive product evaluation than a scent that does not fit a product. (3) For consumers who are highly involved in tasks, as scents are not diagnostic for products, the cognitive role will disappear. The scents are regarded irrelevant to product evaluation, so consumers do not evaluate the similarities or differences between products and scents. Whether a scent fits a product or does not is unimportant for them; furthermore, they will correct for and eliminate the effects of pleasant scents in product evaluation. The results of Study Two have four points: (1) when pleasant ambient scents can be provided by marketers, they can cause a positive mood among perceivers and enhance the level of information processing toward the focal product within the context. Furthermore, pleasant ambient scents can encourage consumers to adopt central routes to process information. People will evaluate products with strong argument quality more positively than products with weak argument quality. (2) Pleasant ambient scents also draw people’s attention toward different information types. People will attend more to hedonic product information, especially with hedonic advertisement appeal. (3) A pleasant ambient scent that matches a hedonic advertisement appeal can cause a more positive product evaluation than a pleasant ambient scent that matches a utilitarian advertisement appeal. (4) For a utilitarian product type, the effects of pleasant ambient scents on product evaluation will cause a positive mood and enhance the level of information processing. Mood and cognition play a partial mediation role. For a hedonic product type, the effect of pleasant ambient scents on product evaluation is fully mediated by a positive mood.

關鍵字廣告現已成為搜尋引擎最大的收入來源，全球付費搜尋廣告的年增率被預測有37%，並將在2010將達到330億美金的市場。現今，關鍵字廣告已發展成跨媒體的形式。大眾媒體除了以傳統的形式傳達廣告訊息以外，同時誘使消費者進一步上搜尋引擎搜尋商品資訊。並藉由此形式而發展出新型態的「引導式關鍵字行銷」。因此，本研究採用多元性研究方法（Pluralistic Research Methodologies）以探討此種新型態廣告的效果及如何提升消費者的搜尋意願? 本研究結合質化及量化研究。第一階段透過質化研究的焦點團體訪談法(FGD，Focus Group Discussion)蒐集消費者對整合性關鍵字行銷的意見，以釐清本研究之問題核心，並與業界人士進行深入訪談以了解實務運作模式及成功關鍵。第二階段則採實驗法進行研究，將「關鍵字類型」(分為兩層次:品牌名稱相關、產品屬性相關)以及「產品類型」(分為三層次:低度創新產品、中度創新產品、高度創新產品)設為自變項，並將廣告溝通效果作為應變項，分別為「廣告記憶」與「搜尋意願」。除此之外，並將可能干擾實驗結果的兩項因素視為個人差異變項加以分析，分別為「產品涉入度」與「先前產品知識」。 研究結果顯示，消費者產品涉入度及先前產品知識對搜尋意願有顯著的正向影響。同時，消費者在對產品有需求時會有較高的搜尋意願。而關鍵字類型及產品創新性對消費者的搜尋意願並沒有造成顯著影響。 / Keyword advertising has become the largest source of revenue for search engines. Now, keyword advertising has developing into a new cross-media style. Mass media not only release advertising messages but also orient consumers to search more details of merchandise online. As the result, the study use Pluralistic Research Methodologies to investigate how to Increase consumers’ search intention. The first stage we use Focus Group Discussion to clarify the research questions. And do Depth interview with Industry to understand the Practical operation and the Success Factors. In the second stage, the study proceeded in experiment method. Two factors “Keyword Type” and “Product Type” are used to compose a 2X3 factorial design experiment, and then bring “Product involvement” and “Prior Product Knowledge” in as the Moderator. Furthermore, the study adopted “Memory in Advertising Message” and “Search Intention” as the depend variables. Result shows that, product involvement and prior product knowledge have a significant positive effect to the search intention. In addition, results of keyword type and product type are not remarkable overall. Keywords: Orienting-