隨著社群網路不斷快發展而使得上社群網站成為使用者每日生活的一部分，而社群商務也因此蓬勃發展。社群商務是社群網站使用者因社交活動而彼此交換分享產品或服務資訊的行為。根據Forrester Research在2011年的報告，預測至2015年時社群商務的產值將達300億美金。因此社群商務將隨社群網站不斷的發展，將越來越重要。 因此，本研究文獻回顧及焦點訪談藉由社群網站行為-參與及瀏覽二種行為、社會資本-結合型社會資本(親密朋友)及橋接型社會資本(普通朋友)來預測社群網站使用者採用社群商務-給予及接受二種意願。 本研究以社群網站臉書的使用者為研究對象，研究以紙本及線上二種方式來搜集使用者問卷。紙本問卷主要以北部某大學生為主要搜集對象，線上問卷則以在電腦教室的大學生、社群網站臉書的線上使用者及BBS-批踢踢實業坊的使用者同時也是社群網站臉書上的使用者為主。有效問卷970份。經由信度分析、效度分析及共同方法變異分析，確認本研究之信效度，並採用偏最小平方法(Partial Least Square,PLS)，來進行結構方程模式(Structural Equation Modeling, SEM)研究模型分析。 總體研究一開始先進行分析社群網站行為、線上社會資本及採用社群商務三者主構面皆為二階構面之間的關係。結果發現社群網站行為對線上社會資本及線上社會資本對採用社群商務三個主構面皆是顯著正向的關係。接著本研究模型整體分析社群網站行為-參與及瀏覽、線上社會資本-結合型(親密朋友)及橋接型(普通朋友)對使用者採用社群商務的意願-給予及接受皆有正向顯著的影響。因此本研究並繼續在就個別研究子構面進行探討。 參與行為和瀏覽行為皆對結合型(親密朋友)社會資本有顯著的正向影響，但瀏覽行為對於結合型(親密朋友)社會資本的正向影響程度大於參與行為對於結合型(親密朋友)社會資本的正向影響程度。參與行為和瀏覽行為皆對橋接型(普通朋友)社會資本有顯著的正向影響，但瀏覽行為對於橋接型(普通朋友)社會資本的正向影響程度大於參與行為對於橋接型(普通朋友)社會資本的正向影響程度。 參與行為對採用社群商務意願（給予）有顯著的正向影響，但瀏覽行為對採用社群商務意願（給予）沒有影響。參與行為和瀏覽行為皆對採用社群商務意願（接受）皆有顯著的正向影響，但參與行為與瀏覽行為二種行為對於採用社群商務意願（接受）沒有顯著的不同。 結合型(親密朋友)及橋接型(普通朋友)社會資本對採用社群商務意願（給予）皆有顯著的正向影響，且橋接型(普通朋友)社會資本對於採用社群商務意願（給予）的正向影響程度大於結合型(親密朋友)社會資本對於採用社群商務意願（給予）的正向影響程度。結合型(親密朋友)及橋接型(普通朋友)社會資本對採用社群商務意願（接受）皆有顯著的正向影響，但結合型(親密朋友)及橋接型(普通朋友)二種社會資本對於採用社群商務意願（接受）沒有顯著的不同。 綜上所述，總體而言，瀏覽行為對於社會資本優於參與行為對於社會資本的影響。參與行為對於採用社群商務意願優於瀏覽行為對於採用社群商務意願。橋接型(普通朋友)社會資本對於採用社群商務意願優於結合型(親密朋友)社會資本對於採用社群商務意願。 此外，在經由量化分析研究，本研究獲得全部研究假設分析的結果，接著本研究並採用事後質性分析(Post Hoc Qualitative Analysis)，利用半結構式深度訪談，對象包括大學部1-4年級的學生及上班族來做事後質性分析。事後質化分析的結果是將量化分析的所支持的假設加以驗証及探究更深一層的說明，並提供解釋量化分析所不支持假設的可能原因。 本研究理論貢獻在於採用社群網站行為-參與及瀏覽及線上社會資本-結合型(親密朋友)及橋接型(普通朋友)來預測採用社群商務-給予及接受之意願。較少研究採用社群網站行為及社會資料理論來解釋社群商務。管理意涵在於社群網站的營運者，應思考如何藉由社群網站來增加對使用者的〞黏性〞及提昇使用者瀏覽網站的流量，並依據使用者之前瀏覽的記錄，來推測並提供使用者所喜好的内容。更進一步來說，為增加使用者的參與行為可依照使用者彼此間的互動來分析使用者社群網站上的行為以推薦使用者加入其有興趣的粉絲團及社團，以增加親密朋友及普通朋友之使用者彼此的互動，同時增加線上結合型及橋接型社會資及使用者採用社群商務的意願。此外，本研究建議社群網站經營者應努力發展線上朋友介紹功能，並藉由大數據的資料分析擴大使用者的交友範圍。對於使用者線下的朋友，希望將其成為本身結合型(親密朋友)或橋接型(普通朋友)的社會資本。對於使用者線上不認識的朋友，希望能其成為橋接型(普通朋友)的社會資本，因為他們可能加入同一粉絲團或社團，以促進社群網站的使用者採用社群商務的意願。 / Following the fast growing of social network sites (SNS) such as Twitter, LinkedIn and Facebook in the cyber world recently, the social commerce has become an important emerging issue in these SNS. According to the Forrester Research (2011) predicted the total value of output for social commerce will reach US$30 billion in 2015. Because the development of social commerce will follow the continueous growing of SNS, the social commerce will play a pivotal role in the e-commerce. According to the literature review and focus group discussions, the study explored and applied SNS behavior including participating and browsing, social capital theory including bonding (close friends) and bridging (ordinary friends) to predict SNS users to adopt giving and receiving social commerce intention (SCI). The study applied an empirical research on SNS users i.e. FB users to be research target samples. The data collection were applied by paper_based and online_based as two way to collect sample data. With regard to sample data from paper_based survey, the study adopted undergraduate students of a university located in northen Taiwan was the research main collection samples for paper_based survey. As to online_based survey, the study utilized undergraduate students, who are the same as paper_ based survey in the same university with computer lab classes, FB users of researchers’ friends and Taiwan largest Bulletin Board System-PTT who are also FB users to collect online users’ data. The total valid samples are 970 from online_based and paper_based survey. After reliability analysis, validity analysis and common method variance testing, the study confirmed that reliability and validity of study samples met the requirement of each statistical testing and were qualified for testing the study whole research model. Then, the study adopted partial least square (PLS) to proceed with structural equation modeling (SEM) research model testing. As to whole model research testing, in the beginning the study was testing the relationship among SNS behavior, online social capital and SCI. The three constructs are second order constructs. The testing results show the effects of SNS behavior on online social capital and the effects of online social capital on SCI are significantly positive. Hence, the research continues to proceed with the research model testing. The research findings of whole research model testing have shown SNS behavior as a second order construct of participating and browsing, online social capital-bonding and bridging are both significantly positive influence to adopt social commerce intention as a second order construct as SCI (giving and receiving). Hence, the study will continue to explore the relationships between each sub-construct in the research. Participating and browsing behavior are both significantly positive on bonding social capital. Moreover, browsing behavior is more significantly positive associated with bonding social capital than participating behavior is associated with bonding social capital. Participating and browsing behavior are both significantly positive on bridging social capital. Browsing behavior is more significantly positive associated with bridging social capital than participating behavior is associated with bridging social capital. Participating behavior is significantly positive on adopting SCI (giving). However, browsing behioavr is no significant influence on adopting SCI (giving). Participaiting behavior and browsing behavior both have significantly positive influences on SCI (receiving). However, there are no significant differences between participating behavior and browsing behavior on adopting SCI (receiving). Bonding and bridging social capital are both significantly positive on SCI (giving). Moreover, bridging social capital is more significantly positive associated with SCI (giving) than bonding social capital is associated with SCI (giving). Bonding and bridging social capital are both significantly positive on SCI (receiving). However, there are no significant differences between bonding and bridging social capital on adopting SCI (receiving). To Sum up, generally speaking, browsing behavior is better on social capital than participating behavior is on social capital. Participating behavior is more suitable on adopting SCI than browsing behavior is on social capital. Bridging social capital is more appropriate on adopting SCI than bonding social capital is on adopting SCI. Besides, after quantitative data analysis, the study proceeds with the post hoc qualitative analysis. Utilizing semi-structured in-depth interviews with undergraduate students and working persons to continue post hoc qualitative analysis. The aim of post hoc qualitative analysis is to validitate and provide insight for the hypotheses which are supported by quantitative analysis. Moreover, it provides the explainations for the hypotheses which ae not supported by the quantitative analysis. The theory contributions of the study are applying SNS behavior including participating and browsing, social capital theory including bonding and bridging to predict SNS users to adopt SCI (giving and receiving). Seldom researches SNS behavior and social capital theory to explain social commerce individually. With regard to managerial implications are for SNS operators to think how to utilize SNS to increase users stickiness and raise users’ browsing quantities - following the users’ accumulated browsing behaivors history to predict and provide the contents which users may have interest. Moreover, regarding the interacting behavior for SNS users of participating behavior is to analyze the behaviors of SNS users and to recommend uers to join the fan pages or clubs that they may be interested in. Doing so is to increase the interactions with close friends and ordinary friends to enhance online bonding and bridging social capital and the users’ intentions to adopt SCI simotenously. In addition, the study recommends SNS operators to adopt friends introducing functions thoroughly and apply big data statistical analysis to enlarge the users’ friends rang to make more SNS friends. For the SNS offline friends, the study wish to let SNS users’ offline friends to become their online bonding or bridging social capital. For the SNS online unknown friends, the study wish to let SNS users’ online unkown friends to become their online bridging social capital because they may join the same fan pages or clubs to enlarge and accelerate SNS users to adopt SCI.

本研究之目的在於探討線上社群協作與其前置因素之關係，並且檢驗社群投入度之中介效果。首先，本研究應用角色內與角色外行為分類，提出角色內與角色外線上社群協作之類型。其次，依據社會認知理論與社會交換理論，本研究提出線上社群協作之前置因素，包括對個人之結果預期、對社群之結果預期、知覺社群信任、知覺社群規範、知覺社群支持與知覺社群認同。最後，本研究基於投入度觀點，檢驗社群投入度對於線上社群協作及其前置因素之中介效果。 本研究之研究情境為玩家公會社群，本研究自一知名大型多人線上遊戲中收集340份有效問卷進行資料分析與假設檢驗，研究結果顯示：(1) 除社群禮貌外，社群投入度對於社群合作行為、助人行為與運動家精神皆有正向影響；(2) 對個人之結果預期與線上社群協作行為之關係，會受到社群投入度所中介；(3) 對社群之結果預期與線上社群協作行為之關係，會受到社群投入度所中介；(4) 知覺社群信任與線上社群協作行為之關係，會受到社群投入度所中介；(5) 知覺社群規範與線上社群協作行為之關係，會受到社群投入度所中介，但社群規範對於運動家精神亦有直接負向效果；(6) 知覺社群認同與線上社群協作行為之關係，會受到社群投入度所中介，但社群認同亦會直接正向影響社群合作與助人行為；(7) 然而，知覺社群支持與線上社群協作行為之關係，並不會受到社群投入度所中介。針對上述之研究結果，本研究進一步闡述其學術研究意涵、實務管理意涵，以及研究限制與未來研究方向。 / The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between online community collaboration and its antecedents by examining the mediating effect of community engagement. First, this study proposes a classification of online community collaboration by following the typology of in-role and extra-role behaviors. Accordingly, this study will further examine some of online community collaboration behaviors, including community cooperation, helping behavior, community courtesy, and sportsmanship. Second, drawing upon social cognitive theory and social exchange theory, this study identifies several antecedents of online community collaboration, including person-relevant outcome expectancy, community-relevant outcome expectancy, perceived community trust, perceived community norms, perceived community support, and perceived community identification. Finally, from the perspective of engagement, this study will examine the mediating effect of community engagement on the proposed model. The research setting of this study is online gaming communities. After collecting 340 valid responses from a famous Massive Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG), our results show that (1) community engagement affects community cooperation, helping behavior and sportsmanship positively, but does not have a significant effect on community courtesy; (2) the relationships between person-relevant outcome expectancy and three online community collaboration behaviors are mediated by community engagement; (3) the relationships between community-relevant outcome expectancy and three online community collaboration behaviors are mediated by community engagement; (4) the relationships between perceived community trust and three online community collaboration behaviors are mediated by community engagement; (5) the relationships between perceived community norms and three online community collaboration behaviors are mediated by community engagement, but perceived community norms also has a direct and negative impact on sportsmanship; (6) the relationships between perceived community identification and three online community collaboration behaviors are mediated by community engagement, but perceived community identification also has direct and positive impacts on community cooperation and helping behavior; (7) the relationships between perceived community support and online community collaboration behaviors are not mediated by community engagement. According to these findings, this study concludes with research implications, managerial implications, research limitations and future research directions.

兩岸關係研究在開放政策的導引下，自過去以共黨體制與理論研究，轉為更務實的經濟和文化研究，兩岸社會和人民透過頻繁交流瞭解彼此，是目前兩岸關係的重要發展，其中一項趨勢即是大陸年輕學生能在台灣停留，並在一段不算短的時間內深入一般民間生活，這些所謂的「陸生」在來台停留4個月以上的時間內，除了在學校上課，騎單車環島、搭「台灣好行」、搭台鐵、坐公車等等方式，在台灣城市和鄉野間體驗與感受，一部分人更在選舉造勢場合，和激動的選民一起喊凍蒜凍蒜。 根據Allport以來學者對於接觸相關研究文獻的瞭解，群際之間的研究必須考慮接觸的內涵、接觸的過程以及制約接觸的條件等對接觸效果的影響。傳統「接觸假說」認為類似文化背景之群體可透過深度交流接觸達到真正理解溝通，消除群際偏見與隔閡，達到族群融合。 本論文即以上述理論為基礎探討兩岸年輕學子交流的樣態及效，透過量化的問卷與深度訪談，探索這個族群接觸內涵與過程，理解到所謂的「接觸」並不能僅限於「接觸的頻率和時間長短」，也不能僅奠基在語言文化具類似性的基礎上，就達到「接觸假說」所預設的「消除類屬」(de-categorization)或進一步「融合類屬」(re-categorization)。因為族群之間各成員心中存在著「自我類屬」(self-categorization)，想要消融彼此的界線，必須先探索成員對自我類屬的定義，此外還須考慮接觸環境上制度面的制約，從制度面的設計增加群際成員的接觸頻率，才能進一步減少成員的「群際偏見」(intergroup bias)及增進「群際情感」(intergroup emotion)。 / In the leading of open policy, the mainstream of cross-strait studies has shifted from Socialism and Communism to Economy and Culture. At the tide of exchange, Chinese exchange students studying in Taiwan are the most propriate targets to learn about, less sensitive and having deep contact with Taiwan society. According to the related studies like Allport’s, scholars should take the content, process, and constrait of contact into consideration while studying the relations between nation groups. Traditional “contact assumption” assumes groups sharing similar culture background will reach mutually understand through exchange in depth, deliminate bias and barriers between groups. This study has examed the impact of the frequency and time length, the language and culture similarity on contact, knowing that those conditions above are not the only factors to de-categorization or further re-categorization. The members of each group have bared self-categorization in mind. Eliminating intergroup bias and enhance intergroup emotion would play an important part of breaking down the walls between groups. Besides, the goal of institutional design is to make the contact more intensive and to avoid the false contact. The less attractions offered by media to the Chinese exchange students, the less political socialization they will have. So the policy design should be delicate enough to allow those students to take the advantages of curriculums、professors, and schools to reach the goal of social contact between the young generations of cross-strait.

本論文的研究目的，乃試圖從中共對社會主義建設道路的爭辯，以分析中共提出「社 會主義初級階段論」的背景及其理論與實踐上的延續性。同時對「初階論」所造成的 影響，作一歸納分析。 本論文共七章十九節，約八萬字，主要內容如下： 第一章：導論。主要分為研究的動機、目的與範圍。 第二章：中國式社會主義道路的探索。主要是探索中共從奪權開始，所採行的蘇聯模 式，而後有毛式社會主義，直到現階段「中國式的社會主義道路」的演變。 第三章：「初階論」提出的背景。本章將針對中共近十年來，由於對毛式社會主義的 反省，所採行的改革措施對「初階論」提出的影響，作一歸納分析。 第四章：「初階論」的理論。本章主要在說明「初階論」的理論根據、內涵及其表現 出來的功能與特點。 第五章：「初階論」的實踐。本章目的，在於「初階論」提出後，對於中共「改革派 」在政治、經濟改革的實踐運作上，所產生的問題，作一深入分析。 第六章：「初階論」的檢證。本章將就「初階論」在經典依據上、理論上、意識形態 上所面臨的困難及其所造成的社會效應作一分析。 第七章：結論。主要是對「初階論」作一評估。

本研究的目的，是希望透過理論的研究與實證的調查，從領導管理層面來瞭解社會褔 利服務機構主管之領導方式與服務人員工作滿足的情形，以提供社會褔利服務機構有 效運用領導方式、提昇服務人員工作滿足及工作績效的參考準則，並作為未來研究者 的參考。 本研究係依權變領導之理論架構，針對台北市社會褔利服務機構之範圍進行實證研究 。利用問卷調查法，經由統計分析，以次數分配、百分比、變異數分析、皮爾遜積差 相關、迴歸分析等統計技術，探討社會褔利服務機構主管之領導方式與其服務人員工 作滿足之間的關係。 研究結果顯示，約有三分之二的服務人員對其目前的工作感到滿意，其主要原因係對 工作本身感興趣；另約有三分之一強的服務人員對目前的工作不滿意，其主要原因係 該工作缺乏昇遷及發展機會。另外，研究支持了領導方式與工作滿足之間具有高度顯 著性差異的存在；組織結構特性與工作滿足之間亦具有顯著性差異；而服務人員之個 人特性與工作滿足之間則無顯著性差異存在。再就工作滿足之解釋力與影響力最大的 是領導方式變項，即主管之領導方式體恤程度高者，部屬之工作滿足程度愈高。 根據研究結果，分別對社會褔利服務機構之主管、機構本身及社會工作專業教育等方 面提出建議，希望對提昇社會服務機構服務人員之工作滿足有所貢獻。

在一社會中，職業常常被視為個人成就地位的表徵。透過對職業流動的研究，不但可 以瞭解台灣社會階層化的情形，更可以看出台灣社會流動的變遷狀況。本研究嚐試利 用台灣兩個不同時點上的資料，分析台灣地區父子職業流動的事實，期望達成以下的 目的： １．以父子兩代職業流動的密度為標準，找出流動的模式；並分別檢視不同的時點上 ，有無明顯變遷的事實。 ２．以職業類別間之距離為流動障礙的指標，找出不同類別間職業流動的障礙，並加 以比較之。 ３．綜述流動模式與流動障礙的關係，並對「台灣社會流動之開放性」問題做一省思 。 本研究分析資料為行政院主計處於民國六十五年及七十五年所做的「家庭收支暨個人 所得分配調查」資料。利用該調查對職業之分類，抽取具有父子兩代特性之樣本，分 別整理成為父子職業流動表。計得可用以分析之樣本數六十五年為二二三九戶，七十 年為二九一二戶。透過對數相乘模型之運作，將流動表中各種不同的效果加以分析。 研究之結果發現：近十年來台灣地區職業傳承的效果並沒有改變。易而之，近十年來 台灣社會流動的變異絕大多數是導因於職業結構的變遷。就整體而言，整個社會職業 之流動是相當開放的。這個結果與Featherman＆Hauser（一九七八）對美國社會所做 研究之結果大致上相類似。

本論文一冊，約八萬言，全文共分五章。第一章為導論：說明本文的研究動機、目的 、範圍及理論基礎，並安排本文的研究架構。 本文的研究理論基礎為西方多元論（Pluralism ）的觀點。在對其中心意義及模型釐 清之後，便對台灣地區社會多元化發展的情形進行討論。第二章為：重要社會勢力和 團體之崛起與發展，探討三項近十年來台灣地區最重要的社會勢力和團體，即消費者 、環保及新黨運動及團體的發展情形。第三章為：其它社會勢力的發展及執政當局的 因應，討論除上述三種以外的社會勢力及團體的發展情形，以及執政黨在社會變遷， 環境改變之後的開放措施。第四章為：檢證，即事實與理論的相互驗證，本章為本文 的研究發明。第五章為：結論，共分成兩大部份，第一部分為研究限制，討論多元模 型用於研究台灣地區社會變遷的情形是否妥當；第二部分為前景評估，預估台灣地區 社會多元化發展的前景。

十八世紀工業革命，二十世紀電腦革命，人類物質文明大進；但精神文明卻不能並肩 齊進，人類的內在心靈和外在環境失調，產生了許多社會問題。同時，自由世界福利 思想大興，社會工作應運而生，福利先進國家已將它發展成達到社會安全的有效工具 。 在台灣，大多數人都承認社會工作的必要性；但是否建立一專業體系，則論點各異， 本文加以比較分析，肯定制度有發展價值。目前台省社工制由官方推動，建制伊始， 未趨健全，尤仍缺一明確總目標，使得社工員角色不清。主管單位，限於職權、法令 、經費、人力和社會認識不足，未能作周詳的設計，本文從各方面探討現制障礙和改 進途徑，從而主張採用混合公務員保障制和教師聘任制的雙軌進用制，建立完整一貫 的遷調、考核、獎懲、保險、撫血、退休、互助的管理系統，規畫有效的反饋制度以 加強溝通和決策參與，組訓並訓練義工，盡速建立周全有效，多元而持續的訓練進修 辦法。 長遠而言，筆者認應教育群眾認識社會工作，激起參與。政府並應加強社會立法，成 立更多的社福機構以配合社會工作的推展。全文共約十萬字，分六章共十八節，先述 研究動機、理論概述，次言現況和他國制度，最後用問卷和訪問探討問題，從而提出 建議。

失能為所有現代國家主要的社會風險之一，但其原因不僅因職業災害而來，普通傷害所導致的失能問題亦使勞工及其家庭陷入經濟不安全的困境之中。由於失能期間沒有工作所得又需支付額外的醫療、設備等花費，故各國所發展出的相關保障制度同時注重該期間的現金給付、實物給付以及助其早日重回生產性工作之醫療照顧、就業促進與職業重建等福利服務。 以當前世界主要國家美國為例，於1935年通過社會安全法案，並在1956年通過失能給付，將絕大多數的勞工納入的老年、遺屬與遺屬保險（Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance；OASDI）體系之中，1983年更將公務員納入其中。除給予失能勞工及其依附者失能現金給付與所需之醫療給付外，並透過就業促進與職業訓練等相關制度，促使獲給付者早日重回生產性工作，為一生生不息的制度。儘管其制度不若德國實施百餘年之制度來得完善與全面，但已具有相當之規模，且符合世界之公約數。 我國則依照公務人員、軍人、勞工與農民等四群體制訂各自之相關保險給付制度及其退休撫卹制度中，而勞工與農民所享有的保障則極度不平等；目前交付三讀中的國民年金法草案將涵蓋其他國民之相關社會風險。我國目前在一次給付、失能之定義、失能之判定機制、職業重建服務、就業促進等眾多機制上皆顯不足或欠缺，在在背離了各國社會保險制度之公約數，無法給予勞工所需之保護，應立即進行改革。 本研究主要採歷史制度比較法，先對美國之歷史、制度與問題進行瞭解後，再依其經驗找尋我國制度改革上所應依循之方向與應避免之問題。期望未來所建立的制度，除能給予失能勞工足夠的現金、實物給付以及福利服務外，並促進其重回職場，為整體社會之再生產繼續貢獻。 / Disability or invalidity is one of the main social risks in modern countries and has been recognized by almost all the countries since 1880’s. This kind of risk was paid much attention from the inclining of cases that labor got job-related impairments and made their families fall into miserable situations. Those bad conditions are not only caused by job-related impairments, but also ordinary ills and impairments in everyday life. For instance, a person who is hit by a car may be unable to work, and it makes his or her family in danger. Accordingly, this dissertation intend to deal with the issue concerning about the proper measurements of disability determining and protecting. For those people who are physically or psychologically impaired and unable to work temporarily or permanently, almost all the countries will provide all kinds of benefits they need through their Social Insurance programs, such as monthly cash benefits, medical care, vocational rehabilitation, job placement, job training programs and so on, and U.S. is one of thos e countries. Related schemes have been practiced in Taiwan since 1950, but there are many problems waiting for us to amend. For example, the unequal treatment between public servants and other people needs to be reformed. Furthermore, the definition of disability remains at the stage of compensations of impairments, the determination of disability is too loose, and the procedure of determination is too simple etc. The purpose of this dissertation is to get closer understanding of the OASDI of U.S., especially DI. Besides, it is expected to learn something from the case reviewed above and to establish a sound Social Security system in Taiwan, thus to prevent the problems that may occur in advance. In this sense, only to pursue the norms that are internationally share, we can make our society more adequate, equal, and safer than before.

本研究探討社會化戰術與主動性人格對社會化結果之影響，研究假設參與較高體制式社會化戰術和主動性人格較高的組織新進成員，其社會化結果 (個人與組織契合度、組織承諾、離職意圖、組織滿意及個人績效) 會較佳。本研究並探討前述關係中的中介機制，假設社會化自我效能及目標設定會中介前述關係。此外，本研究亦假設社會化戰術與主動性人格的交互作用會影響社會化結果。 本研究採類實驗設計進行，以政治大學2008年入學之大一新生為研究樣本，進行四次的資料收集。第一次的施測 (T0) 僅針對參與於2008年九月初舉辦之政大新生定位營的大一新生收集資料，並於其營隊報到時施測；第二次的施測 (T1) 則是在開學一週內 (2008年九月中)，第三次 (T2) 則是入學一個月後 (2008年十月中)，第四次 (T3) 則是開學五個月後 (2009年一月)。 本研究以階層迴歸分析來檢驗所有研究假設。在體制式社會化戰術的效果方面，研究結果顯示T1時，體制式社會化戰術對個人與組織配適度及組織承諾具有預測效果。在T2時，體制式社會化戰術情境的新生除了毅力和適應力及生活技巧外，對所有的社會化結果都有預測效果，且社會化自我效能和目標設定中介前述關係。而在T3時期，體制式社會化戰術只對離校意圖、精通一般原則性知識、適應力及生活技巧有預測效果，但社會化自我效能和目標設定並無中介效果。在主動性人格的效果方面，在T2時期除了離校意圖外，對所有的社會化結果都有預測效果，且社會化自我效能和目標設定在前述關係中大多都有中介效果；但在T3時期主動性人格對社會化結果就都無預測效果。而在體制式社會化戰術和主動性人格的交互作用方面，其僅對T2的學涯定位有影響。研究者並針對本研究之研究結果、理論與實務意涵加以討論。 / In the present study, the researcher examined whether the socialization tactics and proactive personality affected socialization outcomes. This study hypothesized that newcomers who involve in high institutionalized social tactics and with high proactive personalities will have better socialization outcome (P-O fit, organization commitment, intention to quit, organization satisfaction, and job performance).　Additionally, mediators of the above relationships were also examined. This study hypothesized that socializational self-efficacy and goal setting will mediate the relationship mentioned above. In addition, the interaction between socialization tactics and proactive personality will also affect the socialization outcomes. Present study applied quasi-experimental designs, and subjects were freshmen of NCCU in 2008. Four-time data collections were engaged. The first test (T0) was delivered only to the freshmen who joined the orientation camp in the early September of 2008, and the data was collected in the beginning of the camp. The second test (T1) was delivered within the first week of the semester around the mid September of 2008. The third test (T2) was delivered after one month in the mid October of 2008. The last test (T3) was delivered in five months after the beginning of the semester around the January of 2009. Present study used hierarchical multiple regression analysis to exam all hypotheses. For the effects of institutionalized socialization tactics, during T1, the study indicated that the main effect of institutionalized socialization tactics was significant on P-O fit and organizational commitment. During T2, the study indicated that the main effect of institutionalized socialization tactics was significant on all socialization outcomes, except perseverance and adapability and life skills. Additionally, socialization self-efficacy and goal-setting were mediated the above relationship. During T3, the study indicated that the main effect of institutionalized socialization tactics was significant only on intention to quit, knowledge and mastery of general principles, and adapability and life skills, but socialization self-efficacy and goal-setting were not mediated the above relationship. For the effects of proactive personality, during T2, the study indicated that the main effect of proactive personality was significant on all socialization outcomes, except intention to quit. Additionally, socialization self-efficacy and goal-setting were mostly mediated the above relationship. Nonetheless, the main effect of proactive personality on all socialization outcomes was not significant during T3. For the effects of interaction between institutionalized socialization tactics and proactive personality, the main effect of interaction between institutionalized socialization tactics and proactive personality was significant only on career orientation during T2. Finally, practical implications and avenues for future research are discussed.