本研究旨在探討高等學校組織內部行銷、知識管理與創新經營之相互關係，並依據研究結果提出相關建議。植基於文獻探討，研究建構了三個潛在變項間的影響路徑模式，並提出相關研究工具。研究採問卷調查法，以廣東省702名高校專任教師為研究對象，並分別以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定，單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關以及結構方程模式等統計方法對研究資料進行分析。依據資料分析與討論，本研究獲得如下研究結論： 一、廣東省高校組織內部行銷、知識管理與創新經營之現況大致良好。 二、高校教師對高校組織內部行銷的知覺，會因教師的職稱、學校類型、學校歷史與學校所屬區域之不同而存在顯著差異。 三、高校教師對高校知識管理的知覺，會因教師的年齡、職稱、學校歷史、學校規模與學校所屬區域之不同而存在顯著差異。 四、高校教師對高校創新經營的知覺，會因教師的年齡、學校歷史、學校規模與學校所屬區域之不同而存在顯著差異。 五、高校組織內部行銷、知識管理與創新經營之間兩兩正向相關。 六、高校組織內部行銷、知識管理與創新經營之間具有顯著影響關係。 七、高校組織內部行銷可直接影響創新經營，亦可透過知識管理之中介機制，間接對創新經營產生正向影響。 八、本研究所建構的高校組織內部行銷、知識管理與創新經營結構方程模式具有良好的適配度。 最後，本研究依據研究結果提出相關建議，以供高等教育行政管理部門、高校及未來研究之參酌。 / The main purposes of this study were to explore the interactive relationships of organization internal marketing, knowledge management, and innovation management in higher education institutions in Guangdong province. Based on the literature review, this study constructed a path model among three potential variables, and developed research instruments as well. The participants in this study were 702 full-time teachers at higher education institutions in Guangdong province. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlations analysis , and SEM. The findings were as follows: 1.Teachers' perception of organization internal marketing, knowledge management, and innovation management is positive. 2. Teachers of different job title, and different types, history and location of higher education institutions showed significant differences on teachers’ perception of organization internal marketing. 3. Teachers of different age, job title, and different history and location of the higher education institutions showed significant differences on teachers’ perception of knowledge management. 4. Teachers of different age, and different history, size and location of the higher education institutions showed significant differences on teachers’ perception of innovation management. 5. There were positive correlations among organization internal marketing, knowledge management, and innovation management. 6. Both organization internal marketing and knowledge management showed a positive direct effect on innovation management. 7. Knowledge management partially mediated the effect of organization internal marketing on innovation management. 8. The SEM model of organization internal marketing, knowledge management, and innovation management exhibited good fit. Based on the results, there are suggestions particularly for education authority, leaders of higher education institutions and for further research.

POS端點式收銀機(Point of Sales)產業源自於古老的商業交易行為，廣意的說，從歷史悠久的中國古老的算盤到近代西式的電子計算機，都算是具有簡易計算功能的POS產品，直到數十年前的電子式收銀機(Electronic Cash Register)的問世，促成近期九0年代資訊產業發達後的新產品-端點式收銀機(Point of Sales)的誕生。 台灣POS產業趨隨著台灣近年來資訊產業的蓬勃發展，建構出一個特殊而完整發展的產業市場供應鏈。縱然台灣的資訊產業對全球資訊產業有著顯著的貢獻與不可取代的地位，但也是因為台灣市場過於狹隘，加上國際行銷能力明顯不足的情況之下，造成台灣的資訊產業沉淪為以低毛利的代工族群。相對地透過台灣資訊產業的完整上下游之供應鏈，孕育出一個適合POS產業發展的特殊大環境。全球POS的相關硬體與周邊設備，多數都是台灣的廠商所設計與製造，再以不同的品牌行銷於全球的POS市場。 本論文就台灣工業電腦的產業的現況論述，說明工業電腦諸多不同的應用面，與台灣POS產業的主要經營模式；並以淺顯的方式闡述POS產品間的差異，和台灣POS廠商之所以能於全球POS市場的成功關鍵因素；再進一步論述本論文的研究主旨-台灣POS產業經營模式之比較。從三種完全不同之經營模式(1)代工族群OEM/ODM、(2)白牌/貼牌族群(Private Label)、(3)自我品牌族群(Own Brand)，來剖析因經營模式間的差異，而形成企業的核心競爭力、經營策略與組織架構間顯著的差異。 第二階段以個人十多年歷經三個不同經營模式的台灣POS企業，以企業個案訪談的個案研究方法，分別陳述此三種不同經營模式之企業的經營策略，與其現今所遭遇的營運重大問題；接著運用SWOT的方式嘗試剖析此三家企業內部與外部之優劣勢，另以麥可·波特的五力分析方法，來提出台灣POS企業經營模式轉變的建議。 終章依據個人於台灣POS產業服務十多年之實際經驗，大膽提出對全球POS未來產品的發展新趨勢，提出創新的見解與想法，涵蓋POS的硬體未來發展的趨勢、與未來POS軟體的開發應用新趨勢，到POS通路的創新式-服務新模式等見解。期許個人的論文研究能為台灣POS產業，提供一個專業的建議與實質可行之作法，以降低台灣POS企業於產業發展上經營管理之風險，更期盼個人推估未來POS的研究成果，能實際印證在台灣未來POS產業的發展中。 / Point of sale (POS) is the place where a retail transaction is completed. It is the point at which a customer makes a payment to a merchant in exchange for goods or services. At the point of sale the merchant would use any of a range of possible methods to calculate the amount owing - from the ancient Chinese abacus to the modern calculater. POS products are derived from the ancient commercial transaction with different computing functions. The merchant will usually provide hardware and options for use by the customer to make payment - such as POS terminal. The POS can be customized by the retail industry as different industries have different needs. The modern point of sale will also include advanced functionalities to cater to different verticals, such as inventory, CRM, financials, warehousing, and so on, all built into the POS software. A few decades ago, the invention of the Electronic Cash Register, which contributed to the technology industry and gradually developed a new product - endpoints style cash register (Point of Sales) in 90s. Taiwan POS industry trend with the vigorous development of technology industry in recent years, which constructs a special industrial market supply chain. The POS related hardware and peripherals, most of them designed by Taiwan manufacturers but using different brands selling in the international market. Taiwan's technology industry has a significant contribution to the global information industry in an unreplaceable position. Although the Taiwan IT industry bred a special large and suitable environment for the POS industry development in supply chain, due to the local market is narrow, as well as the international marketing capacity is obviously insufficient, resulting in Taiwan's information industry sinking to the low margin OEM working ethnic groups. This thesis discourses on the current situation of Taiwan’s industrial computer applications, the main business model with the POS industry in Taiwan; and elaborates the difference of the POS products, and factors how Taiwan POS manufacturers can be successful. The further exposition is to analyze Taiwan POS industry business model by comparison from three completely different business model (1)OEM / ODM, (2)Private Label (3)Own Brand. The main theme of research is to analyze the difference among business models, and the formation of the enterprise's core competitiveness, significant differences between business strategy and organizational structure. In chapter four, based on personal working experience form three different POS enterprise business, I use case interviews to observe and analyze the different operating modes for case study. This essay illustrates these three different business models by their business strategy, and the major operating issues encountered today. With using the SWOT analysis method to parse the “Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats” of the three companies internal as well as external level, to reveal both of advantages and disadvantages. The next step is using Michael • Porter's five forces analysis method, proposed recommendations for Taiwan POS business paradigm shift. As to the final chapter, based on over 10 years of personal practical experience in Taiwan POS industry, I boldly propose the development of a new trend in global POS products, insights and ideas to come up with innovative, covering the trend of the future development of POS hardware and software for the future development innovative application. Meanwhile, to explore the insights for the trend of POS channel – a new service mode. My expectation for the thesis is to provide professional advice and substance feasible approaches, so to reduce the risks of operating the POS companies management for the industrial development in Taiwan. I look forward to seeing that the future POS research can actually be confirmed in Taiwan's POS industry future development.

在網路科技與技術科技日新月異的今天，消費者的需求隨著生活習慣的變化而不斷的在改變，企業必須進行服務創新才能在競爭激烈的市場與產業中佔有優勢。因此本文係以飯店業者為研究對象，以服務創新為主軸，針對可能會影響服務創新，或會因服務創新而受到影響的幾個研究構面進行探討，包括組織文化、服務品質與經營績效，分別探討個案公司在這些研究構面中有哪些作為，並分析構面間互相影響的關係。 本研究採用文獻分析法與個案分析法的方式撰寫，以深度訪談的方式進行個案公司的資料收集，並以過去學者提出的理論為基礎，將訪談收集來的資料對個案公司進行研究主題的分析。過程中採用的文獻理論，包括Wallach(1983)對組織文化的分類方式；Hertog(2000)提出的服務創新模型；Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Berry(1988)提出的服務品質五大衡量構面；Kaplan & Norton(1992)提出的平衡計分卡四大領域等。 研究結果發現，不同的組織文化類型會對公司的服務創新策略，甚至是經營策略造成影響，而成功的服務創新包含多個可能影響成敗的因子，包括新服務概念、新顧客介面、新服務傳遞系統與技術選項等；另外，許多企業在衡量經營績效時都認為非財務性的衡量指標比財務指標更重要，對企業經營整體的影響力更大；而經由對個案公司的訪談，本研究也發現，組織文化、服務創新、服務品質與經營績效等各構面間確實存在著互相影響的正向關係。

本論文緣起於本研究者積三十年於醫學教育之教學、研究、服務及醫院臨床經驗之心得，透過近年於國立政治大學商學院EMBA策略管理課程之學習，乃試以北醫大為個案實例，探討大學教學醫院與醫學院資源互惠之最適經營策略，並嘗試提出可能之最適經營模式。 基於管理哲學之建立，首在掌握探討經營目標之界定，運用可能之資源，判別環境之變化，而採取最適經營策略，進而提出最適經營模式。而本研究者，以商學院之理論基礎，檢測台北醫學大學附屬教學醫院之教育目標及使命，深受近年台灣醫學、醫藥之嚴峻挑戰與變遷，以及政府健保政策等之鉅變下，所擁有之有限醫學教育教學資源，必須與現有醫學院系之資源，有所調整與互惠運用之經營策略，故本研究者以近距離觀察，與獨有之醫學教學及臨床實務任務，作此研究，貢獻予台灣各大學教學醫院與醫學院資源互惠之經營策略參考。 關鍵詞：大學教學醫院、醫學院、醫學教育目標及使命、資源互惠、最適經營模式、調整與互惠運用、經營策略 / A study to develop effective cooperation and beneficial collaboration in resources between teaching hospitals and medical schools- a case study of Taipei Medical University Hospital This paper seeks to explore ways through which medical schools and teaching hospitals can better share their medical educational resources. With his thirty odd years of teaching and clinical experience in both Taipei Medical University and the university hospital, coupled with his EMBA structural and management learning, the author plans to develop an effective model drawing on both business management theories and his personal familiarity with the hospital management climate. With a current scarcity in medical education resources, caused by reasons ranging from the government’s recent instatement of the medical care program to the newest wave of changes in medical ethics in Taiwan, the author proposes that Taipei Medical University and its teaching hospital must re-distribute and re-organize the current model with which teaching resources is deployed if it wishes to uphold its vision of educating well-rounded young doctor. To successfully re-invent an effective model, the author proposes to employ a business management approach. According to the basic philosophy of management, a successful model must be established with a firm objective for the institution, an honest evaluation of the institution’s available resources, and careful observation of the current climate of the market. These principles would be the building blocks in the current paper for the development of an efficient model for medical education resource allocation. The following research spans a period of six years, from 2001 to 2007. Done with strict scientific methods, the research aims to provide solutions for medical school and teaching hospitals in Taiwan a better way to allocate medical education resources, and ultimately contribute to the future advancement of medical education and management in Taiwan. Key word：medical school 、teaching hospitals、medical educational resources、effective cooperation and beneficial collaboration in resources、medical education and management、efficient model

根據Morgan Stanley 「The Mobile Internet Report 2009」 提及於2000年開始的Desktop internet世代(以下統一稱為PC Internet），擁有10億以上的單位，將會進展到2010年的Mobile internet世代，並快速成長到 100億以上的單位；同時在行動裝置中最重要的智慧型手機出貨量可能在2011年於北美地區超越功能性手機，達到9,300萬支，亦可能在2012年於全球地區超越個人電腦出貨量，達到5億支。根據Pew研究中心日前公開的調查顯示，目前美國已經有超過40％的成人已開始使用智慧型手機上網來瀏覽網路、收發電子郵件、使用即時訊息等服務。 智慧型手機使用者具備Anytime、Anywhere、Always Online的特性，而且啟動GPS功能，因此可以精準掌握到使用者的個人化資料及地理位置及生活習慣，將會改變人與人之間互動模式，進而影響行銷及品牌溝通的方式。而在智慧型手機上的行動廣告，已成為新焦點。預估在未來2至5年間，將看到行動廣告佔整體廣告比例越來越增加，甚至將取代個人電腦，成為最大的行銷通路。 Google 及Apple 當然都看到這樣的趨勢，二大陣營都不約而同積極展開在行動廣告的布局。本研究將會探討並預測：在全球PC端高達69.7%（Strategy Analytics 2010 Q2）搜尋引擎占有率，而且在全球關鍵字廣告總量占65%的Google，以完全「開放而分享」的態度持續推動Android作業系統，逐漸提高在智慧型手機的市占率，進而達成「Android Everywhere」的目的，並購併最大的行動廣告平台AdMob，將以何種模式來引領行動廣告的發展。 另一方面，在全球已經擁有將近一億支行動終端裝置（含iPod Touch，iPhone，iPad），22萬個應用程式，累積40億次的下載次數的Apple，如何以「only for Apple」而採封閉式模式的iOS作業系統，但已發展出獨樹一格的Apple app經濟體系，以及非常高忠誠度的品牌認同，並於最近推出將Google AdSense、AdMob排除在外的iAd平台，又將會以何種模式來爭奪這一塊日漸成長的行動廣告大餅。 本研究歸納出以下結論：開放式經營模式有不同程度的型態，以及不同的外部合作架構，企業將根據本身的短期策略或是長期的策略，而選擇不同程度的開放式/封閉式經營模式，而達到最大效益。並將會從開放式、封閉式創新、經營模式、合作架構及行動廣告產業眾多構面來探討Google 及Apple二大陣營的差異性，而在這差異性上將以不同的策略而發展出不同的行動廣告經營模式。

臺灣的博物館志願服務從推廣志願服務早期便開始發展，志工補充博物館人力的不足，協助博物館運作。博物館志工經常在展場第一線服務，介於觀眾與博物館之間。志願服務有著自發性投入、以輔助性事務為主的特點，而運用單位則有管理之需，專業能力的要求，兩者在預設上存在著矛盾。一般志願服務中，運用單位若為嚴謹的科層組織，而志工有著較高的自主性雙方則容易產生衝突。博物館為一科層組織，志工參與公共教育性質濃厚的文化事務，也有著較高的自主性，因此本研究選定彩虹博物館作為研究田野，從雙方於志願服務關係的投入動機、期待出發，論述雙方差異性使得志願服務關係存有不穩定的特性。然而志願服務關係中的差異性卻沒有使得博物館志願服務關係瓦解，仍然運作至今，因此欲探討博物館館方和志工的志願服務關係有著什麼特性，這些特性何以維繫博物館的志願服務關係。研究中發現人情經營和制度性規範為維繫博物館志願服務關係的重要方式，人情經營符合志工對於志願服務關係的期待，制度性規範則符合館方的管理需求，雙方均有意無意地使用人情經營和制度性規範維繫博物館志願服務關係。最後，探討博物館中的志工組織，志工隊介於博物館館方和志工之間，協助博物館志願服務的運作。志工隊體現了上述人情管理和制度性規範的特性，從志工隊的幹部選舉、幹部角色可以看見人情經營和制度性規範如何於博物館志願服務關係中運作。人情經營和制度性規範代表著雙方對於志願服務關係的不同想像，雙方取得平衡的結果，也是維繫博物館志願服務的重要方式。 / Volunteer service in museums has developed in early stage in Taiwan. The volunteers have not only provided museums with sufficient human resources, but also have assisted museums to operate successfully. It is the volunteer that offers the front-line service in museums, and interacts with audience and museums. While museums have the demand of administration and profession, volunteer service have the characteristics of voluntary involvement and assistant works. Therefore, there are several contradictions between the volunteers and museums. In general condition, if the museum is a well-organized bureaucracy, and the volunteers have the strong autonomy, the conflicts between both of them would be much higher. This study takes Rainbow Museum as an example, starting from the motivations and expectations of the volunteers and museums when they join museum volunteer service. Second, it illustrates the differences that contribute to the unstable relationship between the volunteers and museums. Despite of these differences, the volunteer service in museums still exists today. In consequence, this study would like to discuss the features of museum volunteer service, and the ways to maintain this relationship. We find out that association development and formal regulation are two important ways to maintain museum voluntary relationship. While association development meets the expectations of volunteers, formal regulation reaches the demand of museum administration. Both museums and the volunteers would use these two ways intentionally or unintentionally to maintain voluntary relationship. In the end, the study moves on to explain the museum volunteer team, which connects with museums and volunteers. Volunteer team has helped museums to operate successfully, and has also presented fully about the characteristics of association development and formal regulation. From member election of volunteer team to roles of members, it all shows the coordinating operation of association development and formal regulation. In short, association development and formal regulation not only represent different images of museum volunteer service, but also are two important ways to maintain balanced relationship between museums and volunteers.

對於台灣本土企業而言，接班風險往往成為一項獨特的經營管理風險。本研究分析某一家未能有效管理接班風險的金控企業，並以另一家係有效管理接班風險的金控企業做為對照標竿，藉以探索金控家族企業因為傳承所面臨的接班風險。透過訪談資深幹部所得之資訊，本研究歸納金控家族企業接班過程的可能問題為潛在接班人的「培訓過程」與「態度問題」。此外，就彙整報章雜誌的額外則發現，接班風險較高的企業有較多因為內控問題而產生的裁罰案件，而若干裁罰案件顯示係因所有權凌駕經營權造成的企業損失，並損及企業的商譽。具體而言，與對照企業相較，接班風險的金控企業有顯著較高的裁罰案件與媒體負面報導，相信本研究所提供的對比分析將可提供台灣本土企業有效降低接班風險的參考。 / Succession risk is a unique risk management for local Taiwanese companies. This study analyzes a financial holding company which fails to effectively manage succession risk, where another benchmark company with effective succession risk management is used as comparison to probe into the succession risk faced by the family-run financial holding company from inheritance. The study applies information acquired from interview with senior managers to conclude that likely problems in the succession process of family-run financial holding companies could lie on the “training progress” and “attitude issue” of the potential successors. Moreover, additional findings from the compilation of newspapers and magazines suggest that companies with higher success risks tend to face with penalty cases due to internal control issues. Several penalty cases would imply corporate loss as a result from ownership overriding management with damage to the corporate reputation. Specifically, compared with controlled company, financial holding companies with succession risk is associated with significantly higher penalty cases and adverse reports from the media. The study is believed to provide a comparative analysis that will provide reference for local Taiwanese companies to effectively reduce succession risk.

本研究主要探討我國上市櫃公司的董監薪酬影響因素，採用新制董監薪酬揭露制度，將董監事兼任經理人、兼任員工的薪酬與分紅排除後，以董監薪酬合計和平均董監薪酬作為研究對象。本研究以2005年至2013年所有上市上櫃(含下市下櫃)的公司為研究樣本，並使用普通最小平方法則和固定效果模型進行檢測影響董監薪酬因子。 研究結果發現我國上市櫃公司的董監薪酬確實受到董事會特性、公司特性以及公司經營績效影響。董事會特性中以董事會規模、董監事持股比例和董事兼任經理人比例具有顯著之影響；公司特性以公司規模、負債比例、股價日報酬波動度和投資機會均對董監薪酬具顯著影響；最後，公司經營績效指標中以Tobin's Q、資產報酬率、營業收入淨額與股利殖利率與董監薪酬呈顯著正向影響。這表示我國公司在制定公司董監薪酬時，確實會考量其董事會特性、公司特性以及公司之經營績效。 最後，本研究使用迴歸式的殘差項由大至小組合投資組合以觀察其績效表現，殘差項最大(小)投資組合表示支付過高(低)董監薪酬的公司，研究發現並無法從投資組合的績效表現看出支付過高(低)董監薪酬對公司股價報酬表現之影響，本研究認為這可能是因為支付過高董監薪酬可能同時包含因為該公司的董監事之能力佳而支付較高的薪酬亦可能該公司的董監事僅為坐領高薪的肥貓。 / This study empirically examines variables that influence director compensation of Taiwanese companies. With new disclosure rule for board compensation, we exclude the salaries and bonus of concurrently serving as managers or employees, and divide board compensation as total director compensation and average director compensation. We collect 2005 to 2013 listed companies on Taiwan Stock Exchange and Taipei Exchange as research samples. In our regression analysis, we distinguish three types of determinants: board characteristics, firm characteristics and corporate performance. Using ordinary least squares estimator method and fixed effect method, our results show that board characteristics, firm characteristics and corporate performance do affect board compensation. We find board size, directors’ equity holding ratio and the ratio of director concurrently serving as manager that significant influence director compensation. From the aspect of firm characteristics, results show that firm size, leverage ratio, daily stock returns volatility and investment opportunity also significant influence director compensation. We also provide evidence that higher Tobin’s Q, ROA, sales and dividend yield, higher director compensation. Finally, we use residuals from the regression to construct portfolios and observe their performance. The portfolio with highest (lowest) residuals considers as companies overpaying (underpaying) their directors. However, from performance of portfolios, we cannot conclude that directors are overpaid or underpaid can reflect companies future performance, since directors are overpaid may because of their extraordinary ability or simply because they are fat cats.

本篇論文，共約六萬字，分為六章，除第一章對研究動機、研究目的、架構、方法及 範圍作概略的介紹外，其餘諸章簡要內容如下： 第二章將評估目前台灣企業的總體經營環境，從儲蓄與投資的差距及台灣民營企業之 勿務狀況觀點來推論，為何台灣企業要進入資本市場？並從社會經濟觀點評估股票市 場對企業集資與社會均富的貢獻。 第三章從企業個體的觀點看進入資本市場前應考慮之因素及如何進入資本市場？並評 估其他已上市公司之上市績效。 第四章調查並探討目前阻礙公司上市之外利因素及鼓勵上市之有利因素是那些？並分 析上市意願不同之公司其主要的差異在那裡？ 第五章從政府之觀點探討應採取那些措施以鼓勵優良公司上市及排除阻礙公司上市之 不利因素。 第六章綜合本研究之結果提出結論與建議。

本論文係運用非計量多元尺度法的技術來探討國內六份商業性雜誌（天下雜誌、管理 雜誌、行銷╱推銷、現代管理月刊、環球經濟及實業世界）的產品空間，並藉由對產 品空間的檢討，以作為六份雜誌進行重定位以及行銷策略制定的參考。本論文進行研 究的對象除了雜誌本身的經營階層以外，在消費者方面，則以企管系所學生（潛在消 費者）及企業經理人員（主要目標顧客）為探討對象。 本論文計分八章。第一章：導論；第二章：研究設計；第三章：消費者聯合空間圖分 析及集群分析；第四章：消費者與雜誌經營者簡單空間圖比較與分析；第五章：屬性 重要性判斷之差異分析；第六章：雜誌╱屬性空間圖分析；第七章：雜誌偏好與實際 偏好一致性分析；第八章：結論與建議。