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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

以價值創造觀點探討台灣工程公司的國際經營策略

林信輝 Unknown Date (has links)
C公司係台灣少數有能力以統包商角色進軍國際工程市場之工程公司,然在國際化經營發展過程中,C公司對本身在這個產業的定位是什麼?C公司的核心價值在哪裡?C公司的競爭策略有何優勢?C公司如何改變體質以迎接新世紀的挑戰?C公司如何為股東創造最大的價值?本研究以企業評價(Valuation)及價值創造(Value Creation)為主軸,檢驗C公司本身體質並探討未來經營策略可行之方案。 本研究針對C公司過去五年的財務資訊分析各項影響企業價值之因子,先評析C公司各項價值因子之優劣勢,判斷C公司目前之價值定位,再採用現金流量折現法評估股價並做敏感度分析,認為影響C公司企業價值之關鍵因子,其重要性依序為營業利潤率、營收成長率、競爭優勢期間、加權平均資金成本、營運資金投資、固定資產投資及現金稅率;根據這些關鍵價值因子,本研究建議C公司未來之營運策略、投資策略及融資策略之擬定應以價值創造為原則,可採行之方向歸納如下: 一、為了創造價值,個案公司之經營策略應朝產品定位與差異化方向發展。 二、短期以改善營業利潤率為首要目標,加強成本控管,改善盈餘品質。 三、把握國際工程景氣循環高點所帶來之商機,適度提升營收成長率。 四、為維繫競爭優勢期間,長期應從成本領導策略轉化為差異化策略,以此衍生創造差異化之購併策略及多角化策略。 五、購併策略以垂直整合優先於水平整合。 六、為降低加權平均資金成本,融資策略在不違反對銀行之財務承諾前提下,適度提高財務槓桿,維持最適資本結構。 七、加強在建工程與固定資產管理、儘量減少固定資產投資、處分非核心事業,並以不失去控制權原則引進外來資本擴張前景看好之關係企業。 八、財務構面的績效衡量指標應以現金流量為主要評量基礎,指標之設計以成長性為重點。
32

RBC制度實施前後,我國壽險公司資本與風險之關係研究

郭馥綺 Unknown Date (has links)
我國監理機關為強化保險公司之財務能力,有效監管保險公司之風險狀況,特於2003年7月9日,正式引進美國風險基礎資本額制度(Risk-Based Capital, RBC),作為監理保險公司清償能力之工具。RBC制度除了改善單一資本額規定的缺失外,亦反映了保險公司之經營風險,對於保險公司面臨風險所需資本有較妥適的規範。讓監理機關得以藉此工具發現體質較弱之保險公司,進而採取適當之行動。 本文檢視我國壽險公司在RBC制度前後,資本與風險間之關係。探討RBC制度實施後,對於我國壽險公司之資本比例、資產風險以及產品風險是否確實造成改變,能使壽險公司之資本提列與公司風險大小有一正向搭配,在保險公司面臨越高的風險狀態時,願意提列更多資本做為緩衝,以保障公司安全。藉此分析觀察RBC是否達到預期之功能,以作為我國監理機關實行RBC制度之參考。 本文使用聯立方程式部分調整模型,以二階段最小平方法進行檢測。實證結果發現,在RBC制度實施後,壽險公司之資本比例對資產風險以及產品風險具有顯著負向關係,顯示資本比例低者所承擔之風險較高,而資本比例高者風險較低。此外,公司規模以及公司型態對於壽險公司之資本與風險具有顯著影響力,外商壽險公司之資產風險較本土壽險公司為低。 / Risk-based capital (RBC) has been implemented as an important regulatory tool for the insurance industry in Taiwan since year 2003, which is used to strengthen the financial capability and to predict the probability of insolvency. It not only improves the shortcomings of single capitalization index but also reflects the business risks. Moreover, it lets the regulator be able to apply this tool to discover the insurance companies with weak financial management and take the suitable actions. This paper explores the changes on the capital ratio, asset risk and product risk in life insurance industry in Taiwan before and after the RBC regulation and verifies if the implementation of RBC had a positive effect on the relationship between capital and risks. To examine this issue, this study uses a simultaneous-equation partial-adjustment model with two-stage least squares method. The results suggest that the life insurers with lower capital ratio take higher asset risk and product risk, while life insurers with higher capital ratio take lower asset risk and product risk. For life insurers, company size and type also have an important impact on their capital and risks. The empirical finding shows that there is lower asset risk in the international insurers than domestic insurers.
33

家族控制,負債與高階經營團隊薪酬 / Family control, debt, and top management compensation

陳昭蓉, Chen,Chao-Jung Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要分別探討家族控制、負債與高階經營團隊薪酬的關係。實證結果發現,根據利益一致效果,家族企業通常會發放較少變動薪酬給高階經營團隊。然而,當家族企業偏離問題較嚴重,且由家族成員擔任高階經理人時,則會支付較高變動薪酬給家族高階經營團隊,此種現象在非電子業中尤為明顯。本文亦探討負債與薪酬的關係,結果發現,負債與高階經營團隊薪酬呈非線性關係,再將負債進一步細分,發現長期銀行負債對薪酬的監督效果高於短期銀行負債及一般公司債。本文也發現相較於非家族企業,負債對高階經營團隊薪酬的監督效果在家族企業中較弱。 / This paper investigates the variable compensation of top management teams. Prior literature suggests that compensation policy can help firms reduce the agency problem between principals and agents. Most of these studies, however, emphasize the agency problem between shareholders and managers, and only a few examine those between controlling and minority shareholders and between shareholders and debtholders. This study investigates the effects of family control and debt on top management compensation, respectively. The empirical results show that, on average, family-controlled firms are associated with a lower proportion of variable compensation, which is consistent with the alignment effect. However, family-controlled firms with greater control divergence and whose CEO is a family member, which gives rise to a central agency problem, pay higher variable compensation to family top management, as evident in the non-electronic industry. Furthermore, the empirical results find a U-shaped relationship between debt and top management compensation. In addition, the monitoring effect of long-term bank debt on top management compensation is greater than that of short-term bank debt and common bond. Finally, the monitoring effect of debt on top management compensation is weaker in family-controlled firms than in non-family-controlled firms.
34

資金成本、資本結構與企業股價報酬關聯性之探討 / On the Association between Cost of Capital, Capital Structure and Stock Returns

陳世崇, Chen, Shi-Chong Unknown Date (has links)
本研究的目的在於探討企業的財務結構決策是否攸關市場價值。根據加權平均資金成本與企業評價模式相關文獻基礎,產生下列三個假設:(1)資本結構與平均資金成本存有關聯性;(2)最適資本結構必須存在,以使平均資金成本達到最低;(3)平均資金成本與企業價值也存有關聯性。故本研究之實證議題探討:(1)平均資金成本與資本結構的關聯性以及最佳資本結構是否存在(2)加權平均資金成本、權益資金成本與企業價值的關聯性(3)資本結構與平均資金成本之關聯性對企業價值的影響。 本研究使用民國80年至88年台灣證交所股票上市公司作為樣本資料,主要的實證結果如下。財務結構與平均資金成本具有顯著的負向關係,故實證結果並不支持M-M 的槓桿無關論。在十八個產業中,大約半數的產業存在最適資本結構。此外,相對於平均資金成本而言,權益資金成本與股價報酬呈現顯著的負向關係,且具有較高的解釋力;這個結果強調了權益資金成本在解釋股價報酬上的重要性。 本研究亦發現,企業經理人無法透過財務結構的調整來極大化企業的價值,經理人應該考量其他方式來極大化公司的價值。 / The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether financial structure decisions of a firm are relevant to its market value. Three assumptions underlie the literature on weighted average cost of capital and firm valuation models. First, the linkage exists between the capital structure and the average cost of capital. Second, in order to minimize the average cost of capital, the presence of optimal capital structure is required. And third, the relationship exists between the average cost of capital and firm values. The empirical issues explored in this thesis therefore include: (1) The relationship between the average cost of capital and the capital structure and the presence of optimal capital structure; (2) The association between weighted average cost of capital, cost of equity capital and firm values; and (3) The influence of capital structure-average cost of capital relationship on firm values. Using the listed companies on Taiwan Stock Exchange over the period of 1991 to 1999 as the sample, major empirical findings are as follows. The empirical evidence indicates that financial structure is significantly negatively associated with the average cost of capital, which in turn may imply the M-M leverage irrelevance proposition is not supported by the sample firms examined. About half of the 18 industries examined in this study suggest the presence of optimal capital structure. Furthermore, compared to the average cost of capital, the cost of equity capital is found to be significantly and negatively associated with stock returns and has better explanatory power. This emphasizes the importance of the cost of equity capital in interpreting the behavior of stock returns. In addition, this thesis also finds that managers’ influence of maximizing firms’values through adjusting their firms’financial structures is limited. Managers may have to find avenues other than financial structure decisions to maximize the values of their firms.
35

臺灣地區上市公司資本結構影響因素之研究 / The Determinants of Capital Structure in Taiwanese Open Company

朱國光, Chu, Kuo Kuang Unknown Date (has links)
近年來,隨著國內產業結構之轉變,以及金融自由化政策之推動,企業經營環境已隨著大幅改變。本研究的目的,主要在於探討這些轉變對於國內上市公司資本結構是否會造成重大的影響。   本研究資料乃取自教育部EPS資料庫與臺灣經濟新報社資料庫,樣本期間為民國78年到82年,共120家上市公司。研究方法主要採用變異成份模型(Variance Component Model)與誤差成份模型(Error Component Model)來研究上市公司資本結構的影響因素。並作共線性檢定、自我相關檢定及異質性檢定,若有異質變異數之現象產生,則以White [1980]之方法加以修正。   變異成份模型實證結果發現在分析資本結構的時候,以個別公司為分析單位較以假設個別公司同質的整個產業為分析單位為適當。   誤差成份模型實證結果發現(一)在全部產業方面:獲利能力、股利支付率與負債比率呈顯著負相關;資產抵押價值、成長機會、規模大小、稅盾利益、金融開放程度與負債比率呈顯著正相關;而營運風險、研究發展費用率、廣告費用率與負債比率雖不顯著,但是為負值。(二)在製造業方面:獲利能力、股利支付率、研究發展費用率與負債比率呈顯著負相關;成長機會、稅盾利益、金融開放程度與負債比率呈顯著正相關;而營運風險、廣告費用率與負債比率皆不顯著,但為負值,而資產抵押價值、規模大小與負債比率亦不顯著,但為正值。(三)在非製造業方面:獲利能力、廣告費用率、股利支付率與負債比率呈顯著負相關;資產抵押價值、規模大小、研究發展費用率、金融開放程度與負債比率呈顯著正相關;而營運風險與負債比率呈不顯著,但為負值,而成長機會、稅盾利益與負債比率呈不顯著,但為正值。
36

三向資料的主成分分析 / 3-way data principal component analysis

趙湘琪, Chao, Hsiang Chi Unknown Date (has links)
傳統的主成分分析(principal component analysis)法,只能分析二式二向的資料(2-mode 2-way data),若是要處裡三向三式的資料(3-mode 3-way data)或是更多維的資料,則必須用其它的方法。例如將某一向資料取平均數,再做分析。此法雖然可行,但卻忽略三向資料間可能潛藏的相關性。且社會科學的研究日趨複雜,三向資料也就更常見到,而我們可能也對三向資料間彼此的關聯感到興趣。因此在1960、1970年代,學者開始研究將主成分分析的模型加以擴展成適合分析三向資料的模型。本文除了介紹三向資料主成分分析所使用的Tucker3模型及其參數估計法外,也以28家股票上市公司為實例,探討資本結構影響因素於五年間(1989~1993年)在不同公司群組間的變化情形。
37

企業國家,國家企業:尼德蘭聯省共和國、英國、日本、中國之現代國家建構 / Corporate state or state incorporated: The modern state-building in Netherlands, Britain, Japan and China

尤怡文, Yu, Yi Wen Unknown Date (has links)
長久以來,政治學慣於將企業畫歸為私領域活動,鮮於對企業組織及權力進行系統性分析。然而,正是這樣的忽視,使我們難以掌握後全球化時代,面對企業權力的崛起,國家政經結構將何去何從。 緣此,本研究回歸歷史,將長期遭政治學忽視的「企業」,重新置放於現代國家形成的歷史過程中,分析企業與政府,如何在競逐有限資金的過程中,建立起合作關係與制度,進而形成現代民族資本主義國家。並藉由先進/後發、東方/西方四個案例)尼德蘭聯省共和國、英國、日本、中國)的交互比較,進一步探問:為何有些國家由企業主導,形成「企業國家」,如尼德蘭、英國?又為何有些國家最終形成由政府主導的「國家企業」,如日本、中國? 經過四個案例分析後,本研究提出了一個新的國家建構過程:先是財務需求促成強制權力及資本權力的法人化,形成「政府」與「企業」組織;而後,由於政府與企業在融資上的競合,促成了政府與企業透過財務機制)持股、債務、董事連結),進一步連結成為「國家法人」。而這個由政府與企業組成的國家法人,因成立動機起始於財務需求,因此首先被建立起來的是金融制度。接著,受國際政治及市場競爭壓力,軍事外交部門開始組織化。再者,為獨佔境內資金,政府與企業聯手建立國內政治/市場的統一/壟斷制度。而後,為消弭因不公平分配所導致的叛亂)抗稅、罷工),出現了公共/公司福利制度。現代國家的政經制度:財政金融、軍事外交、社會福利,於焉建立。且正由於國家法人組建的基礎在於財務,因此導致國家走向「企業國家」或「國家企業」的分殊關鍵,即在於政府與企業兩大法人的相對融資能力(financing capacity)。
38

二篇與公司財務相關之論文:資本結構與經理人薪酬 / Two essays on corporate finance: capital structure and executive compensation

林家帆 Unknown Date (has links)
本論文包含二篇與公司財務相關之文章,第一篇文章嘗試在考量總體經濟條件和公司生產力衝擊下,建構一個簡單結構式模型以探討公司之資本結構決策。特別的是,由該模型可得到公司最適負債比率與總體經濟條件衝擊之報酬波動性呈反向關係,惟公司最適負債比率與公司生產力衝擊之報酬波動性呈正向關係。第二篇文章係利用對稱寡占產業均衡模型,以探討產業內經理人薪酬決策之異質性。即使產業內所有公司皆為同質,在模型均衡下存在有些公司會採取激勵性薪酬,而其他公司則不採取激勵性薪酬。該模型預期當市場競爭性增加時,產業內公司經理人薪酬決策會更具異質性。此外,上述二篇文章皆分別以美國製造業資料進行實證,並且實證結果均符合其模型之預期。 / This dissertation proposes two essays about corporate finance. Essay one develops a simple structural model to investigate a firm’s capital structure choices in consideration of macroeconomic conditions and firm-level productivity shocks. The model particularly generates the implication that the optimal debt ratio is negatively correlated to the return volatility of macroeconomic conditions, but positively correlated to that of firm-level productivity. Essay two is contributed to explore the heterogeneity of the compensation decision within the industry by employing a symmetric oligopoly industry equilibrium model. Within the equilibrium some firms will adopt incentive pay while others will not, even though all firms are ex ante identical. The model predicts that there is more heterogeneity in the compensation decision as the intensity of market competition increases. Both of the two essays further provide empirical evidence of the US manufacturing industry to support the model implications.
39

公司投資理財決策理論 / The Theory of Financial and Investment Decision

李宗培 Unknown Date (has links)
本文建立一公司稅、累進個人稅、非債稅盾和破產可能之不確定經濟模型,探討公司的投資理財決策行為。和以前文獻最大的不同點,在於公司風險債利率水準明顯且完全的內生化處理,此內生化利率不僅受公司舉債額度的財務決策影響,也會反應公司現行投資或資本存量的實質決策,模型中的財務和實質決策具有完全互動之特性。 累進個人稅下,只要存在一組投資人間的邊際稅率結構,能排除套稅資產配置,則市場無套稅價格和競爭均衡便存在。此一結果,使本文模型中的資產評價得以建立於競爭財務市場均衡的基礎。市場均衡下,公司債利率會隨公司舉債額度而同向、投資額度而反向調整,此時股東與債權人間的代理成本問題完全消失、市場具有公平保護債權人的機能。如果公司債利率外生而無法依市場均衡評價,則由於代理成本問題存在,使公司最適投資相對低於、舉債額度則高於利率內生之最適水準。另外,傳統一些稅制分析法的資本結構決定理論,只是本文之特例。 稅盾變化,如投資減免率或定額減免等,對公司最適投資和舉債的影響,除以前文獻之結果外,還包含一利率回饋效果,後者可能改變以前文獻之結論。例如,本文發現獎勵投資之折舊率或投資扣抵的政策美意,可能反而造成抑制投資的結果,本文這部分之結論,或可提供有關公司資本結構決定之實證研究新的詮釋,另外在稅制設計上亦具政策上的含意。
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反資本弱化條款對台灣跨國公司資本結構的影響 / The Impact of Anti-thin Capitalization Rules on the Capital Structure of Taiwanese Multinational Firms

賴家琪, Lai,Chia Chi Unknown Date (has links)
由於許多公司會利用資本弱化來從事跨國利潤移轉,各國政府因而相繼制定反資本弱化條款,在稅務上限縮公司可減除的利息費用,以防堵企業規避稅負。惟多數探討反資本弱化條款有效性的實證文獻,都是以地主國的觀點看外來投資。 不同於之前文獻偏重探討某一特定國家 (大多數是歐美國家) 的反資本弱化條款是否會改變其境內公司之資本結構,本文則是以居住國的觀點,探討 2008 年至 2012 年台灣電子製造業的上市公司與其國內外關係企業的資本結構,是否會受到其所在國的反資本弱化條款影響。另外,基於內部債務和外部債務間的替代性,本文進一步將負債區分為內部債務與外部債務,以期能更細部了解公司的融資行為。 本文共分為四個模型:以模型一、二分析反資本弱化條款對公司內部債務的影響;以模型三、四分析反資本弱化條款對公司外部債務的影響。實證結果發現,處罰方式若為重分類為股利,會造成公司的內部債務比率下降15.45%,外部債務比率上升 27.66%。而安全港比率中的分子若指所有負債,會造成公司的外部債務比率下降 14%。此外,反資本弱化條款的施行對公司外部債務比率的影響取決於處罰方式和安全港比率中負債的定義。最後,若安全港比率的分子僅指關係人間負債,公司仍可透過增加外部債務的方式,繼續享受利息費用的稅盾效果。 / Because many companies shift their profits through debt financing, governments had imposed anti-thin capitalization rules one after another to limit the tax deductibility of interest expenses. However, most empirical researches on the effectiveness of the anti-thin capitalization rules are from host countries perspectives. Different from previous literature focusing on how the anti-thin capitalization rule of one country affects capital structures of companies in that country, this paper is from a home country perspective to analyze the effects of the anti-thin capitalization rules on capital structures of Taiwanese listed companies (Electronics manufacturing industry) and their affiliates over the period 2008-2012. This paper subdivides debt into internal debt and external debt on account of the substitution between them so that it would help us to understand financing behavior of companies in depth. Model 1 and Model 2 are to investigate how anti-thin capitalization rules affect internal debt of companies. Model 3 and Model 4 are to investigate how anti-thin capitalization rules affect external debt of companies. The findings indicate that reclassifying excess interest as dividends reduces a company’s internal debt ratio by 15.45% and increases its external debt ratio by 27.66%. Defining the numerator of the safe haven ratio as total debt reduces a company’s external debt ratio by 14%. Moreover, how the enforcement of the anti-thin capitalization rule affects a company’s external debt ratio depends on the penalty and the definition of the debt measure in the numerator of the safe haven ratio. Finally, if the numerator of the safe haven ratio refers to related-parties debt, a company may still make good use of the tax shields of interest expenses by increasing external debt.

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