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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
321

'Si Adam et Eva peccaverunt, quid nos miseri fecimus?' : the reception of Augustine's ontological discourse on the soul in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages

Haverkamp, Simon L. H. January 2013 (has links)
Thesis analyses the reception of Augustine of Hippo's (354-430) ontological discourse on the soul in late antiquity and the early middle ages, more specifically in the sixth and the ninth centuries. Since Augustine never wrote a 'De anima', nor always presented his readers with definite answers to questions, there was room for later authors to interpret and improvise. This thesis focuses on 4 texts: Cassiodorus Senator's 'De anima', Eugippius of Lucculanum's massive florilegium the 'Excerpta ex operibus Sancti Augustini', both from the sixth century, Gottschalk of Orbais' letter 'Quaestiones de anima', and John Scottus Eriugena's apologetic 'De divina praedestinatione liber', both from the ninth century. This thesis establishes that, apart from Cassiodorus, the author's main interest in Augustine's ideas on the ontology of the soul rests on the way it impinges on their contemporary predestination debates. Cassiodorus consciously wanted to produce a Christian De anima in a classical vein. Especially the question of the origin of the soul takes the interest of Eugippius and Gottschalk. This is an important question for predestination debates, since it is supposed to explain technically how original sin came to be universal. Augustine never found a satisfactory answer to this thorny question. Eriugena's genius lies in building an original ontology of the soul on Augustine's own foundations which sidesteps this problem of the origin of the soul entirely.
322

重建赫拉克利特的流變理論 / Reconstruction of Heraclitus' Flux Theory

賴韻如, Lai, Yun Ru Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
323

"Vakna och jubla, ni som ligger i mullen!" : Olika syner på kroppen i samband med uppståndelsen inom judendom och kristendom / "Let those who dwell in the dustwake up and shout of joy" : Different views on the body in connection with the resurrection in Judaism and Christianity

Grunnan, Julia January 2014 (has links)
Alla människor frågar sig någon gång vad som kan komma ske efter att vi dör. Tankar om döden och livet efter detta är alltid ett aktuellt samtalsämne, inte minst inom religionsvetenskapen. Att vara ovetande om framtiden kan vara skrämmande och religioner gör nästan uteslutande alltid försök till att svara på dessa frågor och ge ro till den oroliga människan. Något som fungerat som en lösning på människans rädsla för döden inom den judiska och kristna traditionen är tron på den kroppsliga uppståndelsen.Denna uppsats ger större kunskap om hur judiska och kristna teologer och traditioner sett på kroppen i samband med uppståndelsen inom båda religionerna. För att utkristallisera de olika kroppssyner som figurerar i denna diskussion har en kvalitativ litteraturanalys använts för att analysera utvalda teologers forskning. Ett analysverktyg som består av fyra olika kroppssyner har använts för att skilja de olika kroppssyner åt. I analysen har även en distinktion gjorts mellan holistiska och hellenistiska teologer.Resultatet visar på på att kroppssynerna är religionsöverskridande och bygger mer på om teologen tillhör den holistiska eller hellenistiska traditionen än vilken av religionerna man tillskriver sig. / All people at some point ask themselves what could happen after we die. Thoughts about death and the afterlife is always a current topic, not least within the science of religion. To be uncertain of the future can be intimidating and religions almost exclusively try to answer these questions and give peace to the troubled man. Something that have functioned as a solution to man’s fear of death in the Jewish and Christian tradition is the belief in the bodily resurrection.This paper provides a greater understanding of how Jewish and Christian theologians and traditions look at the body in connection with the bodily resurrection.To crystallize the variety of body visions that appear in this discussion a qualitative literature analysis have been used to analyse research from selected theologians. A tool that have been used for the analysis consist of four different body visions. The analysis also consist of a distinction between holistic and Hellenistic theologians.The result shows that the body views exceeds the boundaries between religions and depends more on if the theologican is part of the holistic or Hellenistic tradition than which religion they ascribe to themselves.
324

文藝復興晚期歐洲關於笑的解釋 / The explanation of laughter in the late renaissance Europe

李佩樺, Li, Pei Hua Unknown Date (has links)
文藝復興時期人文主義學者關心人的課題,無論是宗教、文學、音樂、藝術等生活各個面向都可見其端倪,影響深遠甚至觸及感情和心理層面,這是從天國到塵世一個思想流變的過程。作為基本情緒表達,笑成為當代思想討論不可或缺一部分。由於崇尚古典文明,當時不少著名思想家重新檢視蘇格拉底、柏拉圖和亞里斯多德的作品,進而接觸希臘、羅馬時代重要議題:喜劇笑鬧是否合於禮教,由此他們展開笑的適切性辯證,如維渥斯(Juan Luis Vives , 1492-1540)在《靈魂的情緒》(The Passions of the Soul, 1538)裡面一章〈笑〉(Laughter)談到他對於笑和喜悅的看法,文詞間顯然承襲自古典學派的說法。同一時期,熟讀醫學典籍的醫家卻有其他觀察。像是法蘭西醫生茹貝爾(Laurent Joubert, 1529-1582)於1579 年出版醫學典籍《笑論》(Treatise of Laughter, 1579),內文強調笑對身體療效,敘述人們透過這一行為改變不平衡的精神狀態,保持心智健全。不過,誠如文化史學家揭示般,整體而言,社會普遍存在縱情言笑的限制。綜觀文藝復興時期笑的論述,於古典體系底下,百花齊放,引起各方爭論的癥結點在於:到底引起笑的根本原因是什麼?這一問題影響日後歐洲思想發展,並且形成心理學的理論基礎。那麼,各家說法之間到底有什麼相似和差異?其論述的歷史發展如何?不同時代有關笑的醫學論述,是否存在連續與斷裂面向呢?其次,造成轉變的原因又是何在?本文試圖藉分析當代知識分子對於笑存在不同說法,藉此理清歷史演變的軌跡並回答問題。 本論文共計四章,第一章考察希臘羅馬時期哲學家和文人學者對於笑的態度, 同時介紹古典醫學理論,以了解文藝復興晚期歐洲的知識份子具有的情緒觀念, 以及背後存在的歷史淵源。第二章主要分析維渥斯與茹貝爾對於笑的看法,並且 描述中古時期基督教會系統如何解釋笑,以及中古世紀的醫學發展。第三章闡述 十七世紀有關笑的醫學論述,本文將深入探討十七世紀的醫學文獻,主要說明醫 者如何透過以體液說為主的古代醫學理論,綜合外在因素與身體內部的運行方式, 剖析笑的現象;另一方面,分析他們是怎麼透過解剖學知識來解釋笑發生的原因。 第四章為本文結論,根據前三章的分析,綜觀文藝復興晚期文人學者與醫家的理 論皆源自希臘和羅馬時期,爾後各自發展一套論述,哲學思想與古代醫學兩大理 論系統,共同形塑十六、十七世紀歐洲笑的觀念與情緒表達的方式。 / In the Renaissance, humanists concerned about issues regarding mankind, which is reflected on aspects of life including religion, literature, music, and arts, etc. This far-reaching influence even touches the emotional and psychological facets, representing a transformational process of thoughts from heaven to the mundane world. As a basic emotional expression, laughter has always been indispensable in the discussion on thoughts in the contemporary era. At that time, because of their appreciation for classical culture, many well-known thinkers re-examined the works of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. They then contacted the important issues of ancient Greece and Rome: whether laughter and joy in the comedy conformed to ethics; hence dialectic about the appropriateness of laughter began. For instance, one of the chapters in The Passions of the Soul, namely “Laughter”, Juan Luis Vives talked about his viewpoints of laughter and joy, which, between the lines, apparently followed the classicism. In the same period, a French doctor, Laurent Joubert, published a medical book titled Treatise of Laughter in 1579, emphasizing the curative effect of laughter and suggested that through this behavior people could treat their mental disorders and keep themselves healthy, physically and emotionally. However, as cultural historians revealed, in general, the content of constraints on laughing to one’s heart had commonly existed in the society. Overall, under the classical system, discourses on laughter in the Renaissance flourished, and the principles underlying different arguments lied on the reasons pertaining to the causes of the external behavior of laughter. This question influenced the later development of European thoughts, and formed the theoretical basis of psychology. Thus, what are the similarities and differences among various schools? How had their discourses developed? Are the medical discourses on laughter in the late Renaissance Europe continuous or discontinuous? In addition, what caused the transformation? The thesis tries to analyze the accounts of intellectuals in the late Renaissance Europe to figure out the historical developments and answer the questions above. This thesis has four chapters. The first chapter investigates the attitudes of the philosophers and humanists in ancient Greece and Rome towards laughter, and provides an introduction to the classical medical theory for understanding the historical context behind the emotional concepts of the intellectuals in the late Renaissance Europe. The second chapter focus on analyzing Vives’s and Joubert’s ideas on laughter. In addition, this chapter describes Christian interpretation of laughter and the development of medicine in the Middle Age. Chapter Three expounds the medical discourses on laughter in the seventeenth century, and will give an in-depth discussion on the contemporary medical literature to illustrate how doctors explained the cause of laughter through anatomy and how they, based on the ancient medical theory on Humourism, analyzed laughter by combining the external factors and the internal operation in the body. Chapter Four sums up the thesis. Based on the previous three chapters, all the theories of the humanists and doctors derived from ancient Greece and Rome, and developed into two main theoretical systems, philosophy and medical science, respectively. Together they shaped the concept of laughter and emotional expressions in the sixteenth and seventeenth century Europe.
325

Enjeu anthropologique de l’union de l’âme et du corps chez Bonaventure et Thomas d’Aquin : anima est forma corporis substantialis / Union of soul and body in the anthropological thoughts of Bonaventure and Thomas Aquinas : anima est forma corporis substantialis

Chung, Hyun Sok 12 April 2010 (has links)
Cette thèse vise à mener une étude détaillée sur la manière dont les penseurs du XIIIème siècle ont appréhendé et utilisé le fameux dictum d’Aristote du De anima II : « l’âme est l’acte premier du corps organique qui est potentiellement en vie » En effet, nous examinons les modalités philosophiques qui ont poussé Bonaventure et Thomas d’Aquin à proposer chacun une lecture originale de ce passage tout en admettant tous les deux que l’âme humaine et le corps ne sont pas à prendre comme deux substances distinctes, mais comme deux parties qui constituent l’essence d’une personne humaine. Nous tentons ainsi de décrire, dans leur processus d’élaboration et de mise en œuvre, ces théories qui visent à nous démontrer l’unité naturelle de l’être humain, ce qui constitue au final des solutions aux problèmes issus de la « two substances view », c'est-à-dire celui du dualisme des substances. / The objective of this thesis is to understand how 13th century thinkers have adopted the famous dictum of Aristotle's De anima II that “the soul is the first act of the organic body potentially having life”. In this perspective, this thesis examines the way in which Bonaventure and Thomas Aquinas, each with his own creativity, elaborated to establish the unity of human being that consist in their claim that the human soul and body are not two distinct substances, but two essential parts of the human nature or a human person. In so doing, this thesis analyses the concepts like “substance”, “hoc aliquid”, “intellective soul” “intellect” etc and their meaning in respective contexts where Bonaventure and Thomas Aquinas give us relevant solutions that can deal with problems arising from the "two substances view", or substance dualism.
326

Le "jeu de la constance" et le plus "apparent vice de nostre nature" : constance et inconstance dans les Essais de Michel de Montaigne

Prat, Sébastien 11 1900 (has links)
Thèse de doctorat effectuée en cotutelle au Département de philosophie Faculté des arts et des sciences de l’Université de Montréal et au département de philosophie école doctorale V de l’Université de la Sorbonne – Paris IV. Soutenue à Paris le 8 avril 2010. / Cette thèse vise à mettre en lumière, dans les Essais de Montaigne, un aspect peu connu du débat sur la constance à la fin du seizième siècle. Alors que la vertu de constance devient à cette époque un enjeu philosophique et moral de première importance, servant à la fois des idéaux stoïciens, chrétiens et civils, nous constatons une insistance des Essais à souligner le phénomène contraire, l’inconstance. Il s’agit dans un premier temps de montrer le dialogue que construit l’ouvrage de Montaigne face à la vertu de constance, puis d’établir le statut argumentatif de l’inconstance dans les Essais. Afin de mettre en valeur ce dialogue dissimulé sous les bigarrures des Essais, nous nous proposons de combiner lecture internaliste et intertextualité, afin d’évaluer au mieux les actes d’écrire de cet ouvrage. Dans le but de situer ce débat sur la constance et l’inconstance, nous nous rapportons d’abord à certaines écoles de philosophie hellénistique que pillent les Essais. Nous présentons d’une part l’origine, d’autre part et les déplacements de ce débat. Le scepticisme de Montaigne s’en trouve déstabilisé, le stoïcisme à la fois débattu et repoussé, l’épicurisme instrumentalisé. L’inconstance prend un visage universel qui rend présomptueuse, vaine et même dangereuse toute aspiration à la constance. La deuxième section de la thèse montre la prise en charge méthodologique de l’inconstance dans les Essais, notamment à travers le Distingo, et son effet sur la connaissance historique comme sur les activités prudentielles (politique, jurisprudence, action militaire). Après avoir montré que l’ouvrage de Montaigne présente une critique radicale de la méthode et des objectifs des moralistes, nous posons que la nature de l’essai est de corriger cette erreur et de donner sa juste place à l’inconstance humaine. Nous constatons alors que l’inconstance a le statut d’une condition pré éthique poussant les Essais à déconsidérer toute entreprise humaine dans la sphère publique. Mais ce désaveu jeté sur la sphère publique ne conduit pas à renier toute réflexion éthique. Les Essais n’encouragent pas simplement à se laisser porter par la fortune ou la coutume. Dans la sphère privée, le troisième livre des Essais construit plusieurs règles éthiques étonnantes et hétérodoxes : non repentir, diversion, vanité, expérience…qui toutes prennent pour pierre d’assise le possible (selon qu’on peut) et contribuent à redéfinir la grandeur d’âme (magnitudo animi, megalopsychè), en présentant un nouvel ordre ou une nouvelle conformité de l’action. Par delà l’analyse morale et la peinture du moi, se déploient dans les Essais une éthique qui s’approprie le mouvement imparfait de l’existence, qui s’édifie non plus contre l’inconstance, mais avec elle. Cette « éthique de l’inconstance » ou « éthique de l’indirection » se construit en opposition avec les morales doctrinales avec lesquelles elle discute toutefois sans interruption. / This thesis aims to emphasize in Montaigne’s Essays a little known aspect concerning the debate of constancy towards the end of the 16th. Century. While the virtue of constancy becomes a philosophical and moral issue of great importance, favouring at the same time the stoic, Christian and civil ideals, we observe in Montaigne’s Essays, an insistence to underline a contradictory phenomenon; inconstancy. First, it is essential to demonstrate the dialogue that builds Montaigne’s work concerning the virtue of constancy, to finally establish the proper argumentation on inconstancy in his Essays. In order to highlight this dialogue concealed in the patchwork of the Essays, we are proposing to combine internal and external reading, in order to evaluate thoroughly the act of writing they implicitly propose. With the intent to situate this debate concerning the virtue of constancy and the problem of inconstancy, we will refer primarily to the Hellenistic philosophies plundered by the Essays. We will present in the first part the origin and in the second part, the transfer of the debate. Montaigne’s scepticism happens to be destabilized, his stoicism is at the same time debated and rejected, his Epicureanism becoming a tool determining their truth. The inconstancy as mentioned takes a universal appearance making all references to the virtue of constancy as presumptuous, vain and even dangerous. The second section of the thesis demonstrates that methodology of the Essays takes over the notion of inconstancy, notably through the “Distingo”, and its effects on the historical knowledge relating to prudential activities such as: jurisprudence, political and military life. Now that we have demonstrated that the work of Montaigne presents a radical critic of the method and the objectives of the moralists, we claim that the nature of the essay is to correct this error and thus give the right place to human inconstancy. We acknowledge the fact that inconstancy has a status of a pre-ethic condition which pushes the Essays to disrepute any human enterprise in the public sphere. However, this denial cast upon the public sphere does not lead us to reject any kind of ethical reflection. Therefore, the Essays do not exclusively encourage letting faith or fortune carry us. In the private sphere, the third book of the Essays constructs many ethical regulations that are astonishing and heterodox: non repentance, diversion, vanity, experience...These aspects are all grounded in the ethical mode of the possible, (« Selon qu’on peut ») and at the same time contribute in redefining the magnitude of the soul (magntiudo animi, mégalopsychè) by presenting a new order or a new conformity of action. Beyond the moral analysis and the description of oneself, an ethical process seizes the imperfect movement of existence in the Essays, which erects itself not against inconstancy but in harmony with it. This ethic of inconstancy or ethic of indirection is built in opposition with the moral doctrines even though a constant debate seems to unite them.
327

Les fonctions théoriques de la notion d’acte d’être (actus essendi) chez Thomas d’Aquin

Barrette, Geneviève 08 1900 (has links)
Nous entendons, dans ce mémoire, préciser le sens d'actus essendi par l’analyse de l’emploi du terme par Thomas d’Aquin. Bien que la notion d’acte d’être soit sousjacente à nombre de développements philosophiques et théologiques de l’Aquinate, elle n’est considérée pour elle-même dans aucun texte du corpus thomasien. En exposant le cadre théorique des onze unités textuelles dans lesquelles on retrouve nommément l’expression, nous explicitons les distinctions qu’opère Thomas entre l’acte d’être et les notions ontologiques corrélatives (étant, quiddité, être du jugement prédicatif et être commun). Si « actus essendi » désigne en premier lieu un principe constitutif de l’étant, il peut encore désigner le terme abstrait correspondant à cette perfection de l’étant. L’acte d’être est ainsi ce par quoi l’étant est étant; il est cependant, au plan ontologique, propre à chaque étant singulier tandis que, au plan conceptuel, le même terme exprime ce qui est commun à tous les étants. Une traduction des extraits du Scriptum super Sententiis, des Quæstiones de quolibet, de la Summa Theologiæ, des Quæstiones disputatæ De potentia, de l’Expositio libri De hebdomadibus et de la Expositio libri Metaphysicæ a été produite pour les fins de cette étude. / In this paper, we intend to precise the meaning of actus essendi by analyzing how Thomas Aquinas uses this term. If the notion of the act of being underlies a number of Aquinas’ philosophical and theological developments, it is not treated in itself in any of his writings. By exposing the theoretical framework of the eleven textual units in which the expression namely appears, we explicate how he distinguishes between the act of being and the correlative ontological notions (the being, the essence, the predicamental judgment being and common being). If « actus essendi » first designates a constitutive principle of being, it can also designate the corresponding abstract term of this perfection of being. The act of being is that by which being is being; however, it belongs, at the ontological level, to each particular being whereas at the conceptual level, the same term expresses that which is common to all beings. Extracts of the following texts have been translated in French for this purpose: Scriptum super Sententiis, Quæstiones de quolibet, Summa Theologiæ, Quæstiones disputatæ De potentia, Expositio libri De hebdomadibus and the Sententia libri Metaphysicæ.
328

Le philosophe et ses jeux : étude sur la notion de jeu appliquée aux discours chez Platon

Normandeau, Geneviève January 2008 (has links)
Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.
329

Socrate et Krishnamurti, pour ne pas perdre la Raison

Lachance, Christian 09 1900 (has links)
Socrate et Krishnamurti comptent parmi les personnages importants de l'histoire de la pensée. Le premier fut proclamé le "père" de la philosophie occidentale alors que le second fut considéré comme l'un des cinq grands "saints" du XXème siècle par la prestigieuse revue Time. Le présent mémoire porte sur les rapprochements qu'il est possible de montrer entre ces deux penseurs considérés par la postérité comme "inclassables". Ce qui les réunit d'emblée toutefois, c'est leur préoccupation indéniable pour le thème universel de la connaissance de soi. C'est donc sur cette trame de fond que nous avons abordé l'étude des ressemblances entre eux. Celles-ci apparaissent particulièrement dans leur engagement indéfectible eu égard à la recherche de la vérité en ce qui a trait aux principes de la vie bonne et de la vertu. Nous avons tenté d'établir un certain nombre de faits qui démontrent que leurs discours portaient en substance sur les mérites de la réflexion pour que l'être humain comprenne qu'il avait tout intérêt à se préoccuper de la relation qu'il entretient avec sa pensée afin de mieux se connaître lui-même. / Important figures in the history of thought includes Socrates and Krishnamurti. The former was proclaimed the "father" of western philosophy while the latter was regarded as one of the five great "saints" of the 20th century by the prestigious journal Time. This case focuses on tne connections it is possible to show between these two thinkers regarded by posterity as "unclassifiable". Which brings them together with at the outset however, it is clear concern for the universal theme of self-knowledge. It is therefore on this shading that we have approached the studies of the similarities between them. They appear especially in their unwavering commitment to the search of truth with respect to the principles of virtue. We tried to establish a number of facts which demonstrate that their speeches were in substance on the merits of the reflection for a human to understand that he had any interest to concern itself with the relationship he has with his thinking to better understand itself.
330

THRESHOLD

Finos, Marisa 06 May 2014 (has links)
Are the threshold experiences encountered between waking and sleeping similar to the liminal space between life and death? The sights, sounds, and bodily sensations experienced in the unconscious void blur the lines between the unknown and our conscious existence. Using the figure, I portray how the body might exist in these transitional moments. Through my investigations into sleep paralysis, dream states, and notions of an afterlife and the soul, I explore how we perceive the self in these altered states of consciousness.

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