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Under senare tid har fler och fler forskare betonat det sociala kapitalets betydelse för samhället. Men vilken betydelse har välfärden i denna aspekt? Det finns en stark koppling mellan trygghet och socialt kapital, vissa går så långt som att säga att trygghet är en fundamental faktor för att undvika sociala fällor. Men kan man då skapa socialt kapital genom välfärden? Detta skulle innebära att en generösare välfärd mer är en investering för samhället än en välgörenhet.

EMU-samarbetet är omdiskuterat, och man pratar om vilka de ekonomiska effekterna av ett eventuellt inträde skulle innebära för Sverige. Denna uppsats behandlar tillit på olika nivåer i samhället, och syftar till att undersöka om EMU-samarbetet för med sig positiva effekter på tillit hos de länder som är medlemmar i samarbetet. Det är statistik som analyseras för att undersöka om det finns ett sådant samband. Slutsatsen är inte helt entydig på grund av relativt svaga samband, men dock syns det en tendens till att EMU-samarbetet faktiskt för med sig positiva effekter på tillit i de länder som är medlemmar i samarbetet.

This study involves ten unaccompanied refugees´ experiences of integration in to the swedish society. The main purpose of this study is to understand how the integration process has been for these ten unaccompanied refugees using qualitative methods. The unaccompanied refugees who are involved in this study have fled from Syria and Afghanistan and are eighteen to twenty-two years old. We analyse the respondents’ experiences and thoughts concerning their integration in Sweden. The theoretical framework and interpretation of integration that is used in this study is Alberto Diaz theory about seven different dimensions that measures what is required for a successful integration. In addition, this study applies social capital as a way of understanding why these refugees are in a certain stage and the opportunities and constraints that may exist of mobilizing resources. This study shows the importance of learning the Swedish language, individual motivation and for how long they have been in the country as some of the main results.

The expression “It’s not what you know, it’s who you know” is a core summary of the established knowledge about social capital (Woolcock & Narayan, 2000, s.225).   Since social capital has been shown to provide benefits for both the individual and community, this study aims to examine how young people in Sweden relate to friendships and civic engagement. The study is carried out through quantitative analyses of a survey from 2014, that was published in the book "Unga och religion: Troende, ointresserade eller neutrala" (Klingenberg & Lövheim, 2019, s.203-213). Groups of young people are divided first based on how they describe their upbringing conditions from a social perspective, second based on the young people's approach to religion and religiosity. Furthermore, the study examines possible connections between the respondents’ social background, friendship, social commitment, and non-profit involvement. The theoretical concepts of social capital and religious capital will be described, and then used in order to shed light on the connections that are discovered. The aim of the study is to nuance the knowledge about young people's community involvement and the connections that can be defined with the help of the concepts of social capital and religious capital.   In the results of this study, social capital is revealed in the relationships between young people’s friendships and their descriptions of upbringing conditions from a social perspective. Religious capital is revealed in the relationships between personal approach to religion and non-profit work, as well as between religious commitment and non-profit work. At the same time, there were no statistical connections either between social capital and non-profit work, or between religious capital and developed friendships, which was unexpected based on previous research and is a possible subject for further studies.

Employability is a concept that is highly relevant in relation to the labor market, also more attention is brought to the subject in today's society. How students become employable and the responsibility regarding the employability of the individual has shifted over time. The purpose of this essay was to gain more knowledge regarding the subject, that is what makes students employable. Furthermore, the goal was to achieve more knowledge about which factors the students thought were the most relevant in how they experience their own employability. We also wanted to investigate how they witness how well education matched the labor market's requirements. We choose to study how students from Human Resource program experience their own employability after they graduated. The study will therefore be focusing on students that have graduated within 1-2 years to get the best possible image of how they experience their own employability after graduating. The individuals who participated in this research were from two different universities, one university who had internships included in the study plan and one university that did not. The participants were a total of 6 graduates. The empirical material was built on a qualitative method, using qualitative semi-structures interviews. The result of the study showed how the factors that make students employable are many, but the three most current factors were, personality, education and experience. The results showed a big difference in how the students with internship experience their employability after they graduated, in comparison to the students without an internship in their study plan. Also how an education is mandatory to have a chance in today's competitive labor market.

Sammanfattning Denna studie belyser det upplevda sambandet mellan socialt kapital och chefers hälsa inom svensk offentlig sektor. Studiens frågeställningar är ”Hur ser relationen mellan sociala resurser och friskfaktorer ut för chefer inom svensk offentlig sektor?”, ”Vilken roll har socialt kapital för chefernas självupplevda hälsa?”. Den teoretiska referensramen består av Pierre Bourdieus resonemang kring socialt kapital (1986) och Robert D. Putnams resonemang att socialt kapital påverkar individens omgivning (2006). Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod där empirin har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer.   Resultatet visar att utbildning och yrkeserfarenhet ökar chefernas tillgång till socialt kapital.  Utbildning och yrkeserfarenhet ger individuella fördelar genom att öka chefers tillgång till socialt kapital. Chefer använder sig av sociala nätverk på arbetsplatsen för att skapa ett effektivare arbetsflöde. Chefer utpekar att stödresurser i form av kompetensutveckling, chefsgrupper, HR- och ekonomistöd understödjer ett hållbart ledarskap. Tillit och förtroende för närmaste chef och kollegor anges som en av de viktigaste förutsättningar för att kunna utöva chefsuppdraget. Stödresurser och ledarskap har betydelse för chefers självupplevda hälsa. Chefer med större socialt kapital och organisatoriska stödresurser har i högre utsträckning förmåga att sätta gränser, inte ta med sig arbetet hem och tydliggöra för andra när man är tillgänglig. Stödresurser och organisatoriska förutsättningar motiverar chefer att ta hand om och vårda sin hälsa genom träning, avkoppling eller andra fritidsaktiviteter. Tillgången till socialt kapital ökar chefernas medvetenhet om betydelsen av att vårda hälsan.  Slutsatsen är att socialt kapital har stor betydelse för chefers självupplevda hälsa.   Nyckelord: Chef, Mellanchef, Offentlig sektor, Socialt kapital, Friskfaktorer, Hälsa / Abstract   This study highlights the perceived relationship between social capital and the affects on public sector managers health. The study's questions are "What is the relationship between social resources and health factors for managers in Swedish public sector?”, "What role does social capital play in relation to managers' health?". The theoretical frame of reference consists of Pierre Bourdieu's reasoning about social capital (1986) and Robert Putnam’s reasoning that social capital affects the individual's environment (2006). The study is based on a qualitative method where the empiricism has been gathered in semi-structured interviews.   The result shows that education and work experience increase managers access to social capital. Education and professional experience provide individual benefits by increasing access to social capital. Managers use social networks at workplaces to create a better workflow. The managers point out that support resources in the form of skills development, management groups, human resource management and financial support sustainable leadership. Trust and confidence in the nearest manager and colleagues are stated as one of the most important prerequisites for managing management tasks. Support resources and leadership affect managers self-perceived health. Managers with greater social capital and organizational support resources to a greater extent have the ability to set boundaries, not take work-related stress home and make it clear to others when fortified. Support resources and organizational conditions motivate managers to take care of and nurture their health through exercise, relaxation or other leisure activities. Access to social capital increases manager's awareness of the importance of health care. The conclusion is that social capital is of great importance for the managers' self-perceived health. Keywords: Manager, Middle manager, Public sector, Social capital, Health factors, Health

Syftet med denna studie är att förstå hur handläggarna på Försäkringskassan upplever sin arbetssituation. Undersöka varför hot riktade mot handläggarna på Försäkringskassan förekommer. Förstå vilka konsekvenser hot riktade mot handläggare på Försäkringskassan har på myndighetens verksamhet. Samt ta reda på hur Försäkringskassan hanterar hoten som uppkommer. Vi kommer undersöka Försäkringskassan i två olika städer för att se om hanteringen av hoten skiljer sig åt. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkter är den byråkratiska organisationsformen, teori om närbyråkraten och Lipskys teori om gräsrotsbyråkratier samt Robert D. Putnams teori om medborgaranda. Studien använder sig av en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultat och analys belyser handläggarnas arbetssituation, förekomsten av hot, konsekvenser för verksamheten och hanteringen av hot. Slutsatsen för studien är att handläggarna på Försäkringskassan befinner sig i en klämd sits, får ta emot hot från medborgare på grund av sin tjänstemannaroll, Försäkringskassan påverkas negativt av hoten samt att sammanhållning på kontoret är ett sätt att hantera hoten.

The aim of this master thesis in Library and Information Science is to develop deeper knowledge of what is enabling or limiting the volunteer activities Lending an Uppsalabo. The perspective used is to understand how the volunteers’ involvement in new innovative services can expand the democratic work of the library. Furthermore, the intention is to examine whether the meetings between newly arrived and local residents, according to the volunteers' opinions, strengthen social ties and networks and whether links between newly arrived and Swedish society arise through the volunteers' cooperation with the public library. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight volunteers located in Uppsala. The interviews, together with volunteers’ reports were analysed and the method for analysing was theory driven and discussed with a set of theoretical concepts; bridging social capital, integration, high- and low-intensive meeting places and linguistic competence, which provided opportunities for interpreting the empirical material from different perspectives and accomplishing a theoretical discussion. The results show, according to the analyses of the volunteers' statements, that the meetings between newly arrived and local residents can strengthen social networks and create links between the newly arrived and Swedish society, which favors both communicative and social integration. Furthermore, according to the volunteers' opinions, the volunteers’ desk with its place in the library provides an arena for low-intensity meetings serving as a social meeting place and a place for language development. Additionally, through active citizenship, the volunteers wanted to create a new activity within the society to help newly arrived to integrate into society and this is one of the motive for participation.

The goals of Swedish integration policy consist of equal rights, obligations and opportunities for all, regardless of ethnic and cultural background. However, previous research shows that there is an inequality between native Swedes and refugees in terms of living standards. In addition, it appears that there is frustration over the shortcomings of social work practice in terms of the challenges surrounding integration. From a refugee perspective on integration in Sweden, the study aims to achieve an in-depth understanding from some of those who live in the reality of integration. A thematic analysis has been carried out on secondary data to achieve the purpose of examining Syrian refugees' experiences of what is important and what constitutes an obstacle to integration. The results show that relationships with Swedes appear to be the most significant factor for feeling integrated as a refugee. Stereotypes and prejudices, lack of language skills and settlement location appears to lead to social and spatial isolation for many refugees. Experiences of a randomized system at the Swedish authorities also appears to lead to mistrust of the authorities that are set to cooperate for integration. Finally, it appears that the process of asylum and establishment entails many psychological strains, causing experiences of passivity in the integration process. Finally, the results have been analyzed in relation to previous research and the theoretical concepts of social capital, with focus on Putnam’s distinction between bonding and bridging social capital, stereotypes and prejudices. / De svenska integrationspolitiska målen utgörs av lika rättigheter, skyldigheter och möjlighet för alla oavsett etnisk och kulturell bakgrund. Det framkommer däremot i tidigare forskning att det finns en ojämlikhet mellan infödda svenskar och flyktingar vad gäller levnadsstandard. Därtill framkommer att det råder frustration över det sociala arbetets tillkortakommanden vad gäller utmaningar kring integrationen. I studien intas flyktingars perspektiv på integration i Sverige, med målet att uppnå en fördjupad förståelse från några av dem som lever i integrationens verklighet. En tematisk analys har genomförts på sekundärdata för att uppnå syftet att undersöka syriska flyktingars upplevelser om vad som är betydelsefullt samt utgör hinder i integrationen. Av resultatet framkommer att relationer till svenskar framkommer vara den mest betydande faktorn för att som flykting uppleva sig integrerad. Stereotyper och fördomar, bristande språkkunskaper samt bosättning uppges innebära en social och spatial isolering för många flyktingar. Det framkommer vidare att upplevelser av ett slumpmässigt system hos de svenska myndigheterna föranleder misstro till de myndigheter som är satta att samarbeta för integration. Slutligen framkommer att asyl- och etableringsprocessen medför flertalet psykiska påfrestningar, något som påtalas föranleda upplevelser av passivitet inför den egna integrationsprocessen. Resultatet har slutligen analyserats utifrån tidigare forskning, de teoretiska begreppen socialt kapital, med fokus på Putnams distinktion av sammanlänkande och överbryggande socialt kapital, samt stereotyper och fördomar.