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Ação discursiva do bibliotecário na educação básicaSilva, Simone Alves da 11 September 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-09-11 / O presente trabalho faz uma breve reflexão sobre as atribuições, habilidades e responsabilidades do bibliotecário no âmbito escolar. Apresenta os principais aspectos das teorias do Agir comunicativo, do Discurso e da Reconstrução racional de Jürgen Habermas que se relacionam ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Aborda as principais características da sociedade da informação que demandam o desenvolvimento de habilidades fundamentais à utilização produtiva da informação e da comunicação, e suas implicações para a educação básica no Brasil. Destaca os pressupostos das teorias de Jürgen Habermas para a construção de uma educação emancipatória e libertadora. Mostra, com base na literatura consultada, o imaginário da comunidade escolar sobre o bibliotecário e a biblioteca, o que representam uma barreira para a efetiva inserção deste profissional no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e a transformação da biblioteca como lugar de comunicação e discussão da informação e construção do conhecimento. Faz uma análise da produção científica nas áreas da Ciência da Informação e da Biblioteconomia sobre o bibliotecário escolar que atua em escola pública nas publicações periódicas das áreas com classificação Qualis A1 e A2. Expõe os resultados da pesquisa, que de modo geral revela a necessidade de aprofundar os estudos sobre a atuação, competências e responsabilidades do bibliotecário escolar. Os resultados indicam que 33% dos artigos analisados na pesquisa têm relação com ações de informação voltadas ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O estudo também aponta que 27% dos artigos abordaram, de algum modo, questões relativas à atuação e ao papel do bibliotecário na escola, o que denota o interesse dos pesquisadores em construir um paradigma educacional para o bibliotecário escolar. E por fim, faz uma breve reflexão do papel do bibliotecário na escola pública brasileira, com base na teoria do Agir comunicativo, procurando incentivar o debate sobre a importância de este profissional desenvolver ações com enfoque na interação e na comunicação entre os indivíduos, que são aspectos fundamentais ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem. / This paper makes a brief reflection on the duties, responsibilities and skills of the librarian in the school. Presents the main aspects of the theories of Communicative act, Discourse and Rational reconstruction of Jürgen Habermas that relate to the teaching-learning process. Discusses the main features of the information demand the development of key productive use of information and communication skills society, and its implications for basic education in Brazil. Highlights the assumptions of the theories of Jürgen Habermas to build an emancipatory and liberating education. Shows, based on the literature, the imagery of the school community about the librarian and the library, which represent a barrier to the inclusion of this person in the teaching-learning and the transformation of the library as a place for communication and discussion of information and knowledge construction. An analysis of scientific literature in the areas of Information Science and Library on the school librarian who works in a public school in the periodicals of the areas classification Qualis A1 and A2. Exposes search results, which generally reveals the need for further studies on the role, powers and responsibilities of the school librarian. The results indicate that 33% of the articles analyzed in the study are related to information actions aimed at teaching-learning process. The study also shows that 27% of articles addressed somehow, questions concerning the role and the role of the librarian in the school, which shows the interest of researchers in building an educational paradigm for the school librarian. Finally, a brief reflection on the role of the librarian in Brazilian public schools, based on the theory of communicative act, seeking to encourage debate on the importance of this professional develop activities focused on interaction and communication between individuals who are fundamental to the teaching-learning process aspects.
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La recevabilité des actions devant la Cour pénale internationaleDoëns, Christine 25 November 2011 (has links)
La recevabilité est le cœur de la procédure judiciaire. Elle permet d’étudier la pénalisation de la vie internationale. Elle semble pouvoir rendre compte de la réponse judiciaire à la rancœur internationale au regard des grands faits criminels ; quel qu’en fut le territoire de commission.Cette thèse porte sur la notion de recevabilité devant la Cour pénale internationale. Avec la création de la CPI, la justice pénale internationale prend une dimension nouvelle. La pratique de la Cour est encore récente. L’étude est le prétexte pour examiner le fonctionnement de la Cour pénale internationale. Les Etats ont tenté de limiter la capacité de recevoir de la Cour. Ils l’ont ainsi fondée sur le principe de la complémentarité. Elle supplée l’inaction ou l’action défaillante des Etats, qui ont le devoir de poursuivre les auteurs de crimes internationaux. L’article 17 du Statut de Rome énonce les exceptions permettant de déclarer une affaire recevable devant la CPI. Ainsi, la recevabilité d’une affaire ayant fait l’objet d’une enquête ne sera retenue que s’il est prouvé que les Etats n’ont pas l’intention de mener véritablement à bien les poursuites. Et, que par ailleurs, le seuil de gravité de l’affaire est atteint. Le caractère universel de la compétence de la CPI est battu en brèche par les conditions de recevabilité. On analyse la recevabilité comme une condition de compétence à juste titre, car c’est bien le manquement de l’Etat à assurer l’effectivité des poursuites qui justifie que l’affaire soit déclarée, par la Cour elle-même, recevable. Les conditions requises pour que la Cour puisse agir, force est de constater l’implication du système de recevabilité tant sur l’organisation de la Cour que sur ses rapports avec les Etats. Celles-ci ne sont pas négligeables. De fait, le système de recevabilité est amené à évoluer. Il se caractérise par sa capacité à influencer le droit interne. Ainsi, la décision de recevoir doit amener les Etats à adapter leur droit interne. La viabilité de la Cour, à long terme, dépend du maintien d’une synergie de coopération avec les juridictions nationales, des États parties et d'autres Etats. Le système de recevabilité tend à mettre en évidence des indicateurs émergents dans la pratique de la Cour pénale internationale. C’est notamment le réalignement frappant des rôles des acteurs internationaux et la relation nouvelle qui s’instaure entre les Etats et la Cour. Le système de recevabilité de la Cour tend à éroder le principe de la souveraineté de l'Etat, sans être elle-même balayée par l'opposition catégorique des Etats souverains. / Admissibility is the heart of the judicial process. It studies the criminalization of international life. It seems to account for the judicial response to the international resentment against the great criminal acts, whatever was the territory of commission.This thesis deals with the notion of admissibility before the ICC. With the creation of the ICC, International Criminal Justice is a new dimension. The practice of the Court is still new. The study is an excuse to investigate the operation of the ICC. States have tried to limit the ability to receive from the Court. They did so based on the principle of complementarity. It compensates the action or inaction of failing states, which have a duty to prosecute international crimes. Article 17 RS sets out exceptions to declare a case admissible before the ICC. Thus, the admissibility of a case which is the subject of an investigation will be accepted only, if it is shown that States did not intend genuinely to carry out prosecutions. And that furthermore, the threshold of gravity of a case is reached. The universal nature of the jurisdiction of the ICC is undermined by the conditions of admissibility. Analyzing the admissibility of competence as a condition rightly, for it is the failure of the state to ensure effective prosecution to justify that the case will be declared by the Court itself, admissible. The requirements for the Court to act, it is clear involvement of the system of admissibility as on the organization of the Court that its relationship with the United States. These are not insignificant. In fact, the system will evolve admissibility. It is characterized by its ability to influence the law. Thus, the decision to receive should encourage States to adapt their domestic law. The viability of the Court, in the long run depends on maintaining a synergy of cooperation with national courts of States Parties and other States. The system of admissibility tends to highlight indicators emerging in the practice of the International Criminal Court. This is especially striking realignment of the roles of international actors and the new relationship established between the States and the Court. The system of admissibility of the Court tends to erode the principle of state sovereignty, without itself being swept by the opposition of sovereign states.
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[en] THE THEORY OF COMMUNICATIVE ACTION HABERMAS AS THE FOUNDATION OF NORMATIVE VALIDITY OF COLLECTIVE LABOR NEGOTIATIONS / [pt] A TEORIA DA AÇÃO COMUNICATIVA DE HABERMAS COMO FUNDAMENTO DE VALIDADE NORMATIVA DAS NEGOCIAÇÕES COLETIVAS DE TRABALHOJOÃO DE AMARAL FILHO 03 November 2016 (has links)
[pt] Com a modernidade em crise, a crítica aos ideais iluministas e até da
noção tradicional da razão em cheque, passou-se a buscar uma melhor
compreensão da realidade, como alternativa para suprir um crescente
descontentamento social em função do distanciamento entre as decisões
administrativas, incluindo as judiciais, e os efetivos anseios dos cidadãos. Dentre
as propostas que aliam o novo ideal democrático ao contexto do mundo da vida, o
filósofo alemão Jürgen Habermas propõe uma mudança de paradigma da Razão
através de uma lógica dialógica, transferindo a noção da Razão Prática para um
espectro procedimental, usando como ferramenta indispensável o agir
comunicativo, o discurso e o consenso entre as partes interessadas; além disso,
promove uma reconstrução do direito e do Estado, com a superação dos modelos
teóricos existentes – liberal e republicano – e com a formatação de um Estado
efetivamente democrático, posto que viabiliza a participação dos concernidos na
criação dos direitos. Em outras palavras, Habermas aposta no sucesso processo de
interação comunicativa, que se efetiva por meio de um acordo discutido, debatido
e refletido em função dos motivos apresentados pelos interessados. Diante dessa
linha habermasiana que envolve a atuação efetiva dos cidadãos e das instituições
da sociedade civil, além do próprio Estado, no processo de formulação normativa
e decisória surge, para alguns, a ideia da inaplicabilidade dessa teoria por
entenderem que, em função da realidade brasileira, principalmente em relação ao
déficit educacional da população, essa ideia ficaria prejudicada. O Direito
Coletivo do Trabalho, como ramificação de nosso sistema jurídico, promove a
derrocada dessa premissa de inaplicabilidade da proposta de Habermas que adota
o agir comunicativo como instrumento para alcance do entendimento, do
consenso dos interessados, promovendo, assim, uma harmônica relação entre a
validade e faticidade da norma. Importante ainda ressaltar a convivência dos
interesses individuais e dos coletivos, não havendo prevalência da simples
vontade da maioria, mas sim da vontade melhor justificada dentro do processo
dialógico, ocorrendo a preservação das garantias e direitos individuais
fundamentais. / [en] With modernity in crisis, criticizes the Enlightenment ideals and even the
traditional notion of reason in check, began to seek a better understanding of
reality, as an alternative to supply a growing social discontent due to the distance
between the adminstrative decisions, including judicial, and actual desires of
citizens. Among the proposals that combine the new democratic ideal context of
the living world, the German philosopher Jurgen Habermas proposes a paradigm
shift of Reason through a dialogical logic, transferring the notion of Practical
Reason for a procedural spectrum, using as the indispensable tool communicative
action, discourse and consensus among stakeholders; Moreover, it promotes a
reconstruction of law and state, with the overcoming of the existing theoretical
models - liberal and republican - and the formatting of a democratic state
effectively, since it enables the participation of concerned in the creation of rights.
In other words, Habermas betting on the success of the process, which is effective
communicative interaction through an agreement discussed, debated and reflected
on the basis of the reasons given by those concerned. Given this Habermasian line
that involves the effective participation of citizens and civil society institutions,
and the state itself, the formulation of rules and decision-making process arises,
for some, the idea of this theory inapplicable because they understand that,
according to the Brazilian reality mainly in relation to the educational deficit of
the population, this idea would be impaired. The Collective Labour Law, as a
branch of our legal system, promotes the overthrow of this premise inapplicability
of proposed which adopts Habermas communicative action as an instrument to
reach understanding, consensus of stakeholders, thus promoting a harmonious
relationship between the validity and facticity of the norm. Important to highlight
the coexistence of individual and collective interests, with no prevalence of simple
will of the majority, but the best justified within the dialogical process will occur
and guarantees the preservation of fundamental individual rights.
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[pt] A (IM)PERTINÊNCIA DO MAGISTRADO-MEDIADOR NOS PROCEDIMENTOS AUTOCOMPOSITIVOS / [en] THE (IM)PERTINENCE OF THE JUDGE-MEDIATORS IN SELF-COMPOSITION PROCEDURESGUILHERME DE CASTRO PEREIRA 20 May 2022 (has links)
[pt] A partir da metáfora que sugere a figura híbrida do magistrado-mediador para dar nome ao recente – e crescente – movimento em que magistrados atuam diretamente em procedimentos autocompositivos enquanto mediadores e conciliadores, busca-se estudar a pertinência ou a impertinência dessa realidade e,
para tanto, submete-se essa figura híbrida a três esferas de influência, com o objetivo de analisar as reações de compatibilidade: a esfera do próprio microssistema da autocomposição, a esfera da autonomia das partes que medeiam e a esfera do próprio magistrado que, após a sua atuação em autocomposição, terá que atuar em heterecomposição. Como percurso de investigação da (im)pertinência, o trabalho propõe três estágios de análise e o faz por meio do esquema realidade>>espelho<<simbólico, no qual a realidade representaria esse nosso lado do espelho, o mundo real do trabalho, da técnica, das leis, estruturas e sistemas, já o simbólico representaria o reflexo daquele lado do espelho, ou seja, as fontes mitológicas, simbólicas e literárias que formam o senso comum da figura do magistrado e, por fim, apresenta-se o próprio espelho como função de interpretação metodológica, na qual os referenciais teóricos de Habermas – juridificação e pressupostos da ação comunicativa - e Warat – noção de senso comum, influência
e o peso do simbolismo jurídico e o estudo transdisciplinar da mediação como ferramenta emancipadora – desenvolvem o raciocínio que irá ajudar a construir as respostas sobre a (im)pertinência do magistrado-mediador nas ditas três esferas de influência. / [en] From the metaphor that suggests the hybrid figure of the judge-mediator to
name the recent – and growing – movement in which judges act directly in selfcompositional procedures as mediators and conciliators, we begin to study the
pertinence or impertinence of this reality and, for that, the hybrid figure is submitted to three spheres of influence, with the objective of analyzing the compatibility reactions: the sphere of the microsystem of self-composition, the sphere of autonomy of the parties that mediate and the sphere of the judge himself. that, after acting in self-composition, will have to act in heterocomposition. As a way of
investigating (im)pertinence, the work proposes three stages of analysis and does
so through the following scheme: reality>>mirror<<symbolic, through which
reality represents our side of the mirror, the real world of work, technique, laws,
structures and systems; the symbolic represents the reflection on that side of the
mirror, that is, the mythological, symbolic and literary sources that form the
common sense of the figure of the judge and, finally, the mirror is presented as a
methodological interpretation function, through which the theoretical references of
Habermas – juridification and presuppositions of communicative action - and Warat
– concept of common sense, influence and the relevance of legal symbolism and
the transdisciplinary study of mediation as an emancipating tool – develop the
reasoning that will help to build the answers about the (im) pertinence of the judgemediator in the said three spheres of influence.
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[en] FOR A LATIN AMERICAN FUNDAMENTAL THEOLOGY: CHALLENGES FOR UNDERSTANDING REVELATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE POOR / [pt] POR UMA TEOLOGIA FUNDAMENTAL LATINO-AMERICANA: DESAFIOS PARA COMPREENSÃO DA REVELAÇÃO A PARTIR DOS POBRESFLAVIO JOSE DE PAULA 21 October 2022 (has links)
[pt] Esta pesquisa procura apresentar os elementos básicos da qual se compõe uma Teologia Fundamental latino-americana. Tal teologia tenciona explicitar os desafios específicos da Revelação de Deus em seu contexto, marcado pela opressão e exclusão, mas também por uma teologia que busca a libertação. No presente trabalho serão investigados a Teologia Fundamental, enquanto disciplina teológica que procura justificar a automanifestação de Deus na história; o conceito de Revelação, como conteúdo daquela teologia, compreendido a partir dos desafios da Modernidade e das intuições do Concílio Vaticano II; e a Teologia da Libertação latino-americana, enquanto perspectiva que compreende a revelação a partir do
excluídos. Através de uma inter-relação entre as questões abordadas, a pesquisa buscará apontar as principais características de uma Teologia Fundamental em perspectiva latino-americana: primeiro, em relação ao papel dos pobres, seja enquanto lugar social, lugar hermenêutico ou lugar teológico; segundo, em relação às particularidades de uma Teologia Fundamental latino-americana, na qual destaca-se o reconhecimento de que Deus se manifesta também na história presente, a centralidade da opção preferencial pelos pobres, a necessidade do método ver, julgar e agir, a singularidade da identidade eclesial libertadora, bem como a relevância de um fazer teológico dialogal, crítico, plural e transdisciplinar, e a
constituição de um modelo de Teologia Fundamental latino-americano centrado na libertação. Uma Teologia Fundamental latino-americana é, portanto, uma reflexão sobre a historicização do Reinado de Deus nos excluídos, e tal revelação só pode ser percebida e descrita com eles, a partir deles e neles, tendo em vista sua libertação. / [en] This research aims to present elements that make up a Latin American Fundamental Theology. Such theology intends to explain the challenges of the Revelation of God in its context, marked not only by oppression and exclusion but also by a theology that pursues liberation. Fundamental Theology is investigated further as a discipline that seeks to justify the self-manifestation of God in history; the concept of Revelation, conceived from the challenges of Modernity and the intuitions of the Second Vatican Council; and Latin American Liberation Theology, as a perspective that understands Revelation from the point of view of the excluded. Through an interrelationship among the issues addressed, the research will seek to point out the main characteristics of a Fundamental Theology from a Latin American perspective: first, concerning the role of the poor, whether as a social place, hermeneutic place, or theological place; second, regarding the particularities of a Latin American Fundamental Theology, in which the recognition that God is present in history, the centrality of the preferential option for the poor, the need for the See, Judge, and Act Methodology, the uniqueness of the liberating ecclesial identity, along with the relevance of dialogical, critical, plural and transdisciplinary theological practice, and the constitution of a Latin American model of Fundamental Theology focused on liberation. A Latin American Fundamental Theology is, therefore, a reflection on the historicization of the Reign of God through excluded that can be recognized and described with them, from them, and in them, aiming for their liberation.
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[en] A PREFERENTIAL OPTION FOR THE BODY: THE CONTRIBUTION OF RUBEM ALVES TO THE LIBERATION THEOLOGY / [es] OPCIÓN PREFERENCIAL POR EL CUERPO: EN CONTRIBUICIÓN DE RUBEM ALVES A TEOLOGÍA DE LA LIBERACIÓN / [pt] OPÇÃO PREFERENCIAL PELO CORPO: A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DE RUBEM ALVES À TEOLOGIA DA LIBERTAÇÃORAINERSON ISRAEL ESTEVAM DE LUIZ 21 December 2017 (has links)
[pt] Esta tese propõe uma reflexão, à luz das Escrituras Sagradas e da fé cristã, sobre a inovadora proposta para a Teologia da Libertação de Rubem Alves. Inicialmente, discute-se a Teologia Latino-Americana da Libertação (TdL), tentando investigar seus influxos das Ciências do Social (CdS), as quais forneceram o ferramental necessário para abordar o concreto-pensado sobre o qual a TdL teologizou. Pretende-se mostrar como Rubem Alves abriu mão de uma gramática marxista (realidade penúltima) e assumiu uma linguagem mais abrangente, humanista, interdisciplinar e holística sobre a liberdade e essência humana mediante uma interpretação inovadora de não apenas textos bíblicos e evangélicos, mas também de muitos poetas, teólogos, filósofos e uma gama ampla de outros pensadores sociais. A partir do diálogo interdisciplinar e suas próprias inquietudes e vivências dolorosas, Rubem Alves centralizou o corpo como a prioridade axiológica de seu que-fazer teológico da Libertação. Finalmente, propõe-se uma Teologia lúdica da Libertação mais integral, poética e transcendente a partir do método pastoral tripartido ver-julgar-agir que, além de levar em conta a multidimensionalidade e complexidade da essência humana que o corpo expressa, assume uma linguagem mais dionisíaca e polifônica na busca pela libertação humana não só da servidão econômica, mas de todas as formas de repressão. / [en] This dissertation posits a scriptural and Christian faith-based reflection on Brazilian theologian Rubem Alves innovative Liberation Theology proposal. Initially, we examine Latin American Liberation Theology (abbreviated TdL herein) and attempt to trace how it was influenced by the Social Sciences (abbreviated CdS herein) which supplied Liberation Theology with the necessary tools for theologizing the thought concrete. We aim to show how Rubem Alves cast off a Marxist grammar (penultimate reality) in lieu of a broader, more humanistic, interdisciplinary and holistic discourse regarding human freedom and personhood by innovatively interpreting not only Biblical and Gospel texts but also those of poets, theologians, philosophers and a wide range of other social thinkers. From his interdisciplinary dialogs, his personal soul-searching and painful life experiences, Alves centered the body as the axiological priority of his Liberation Theology undertaking. Finally, we propose a more holistic, poetic, playful and transcendental Liberation Theology based on the threefold see-judge-act pastoral process that, beside focusing on the multidimensional and complex human personhood the body expresses, incorporates a more Dionysian and polyphonic discourse in its search for not only human economic freedom, but freedom from all forms of repression. / [es] En esta tesis, se propone una reflexión a la luz de las Sagradas Escrituras y de la fe cristiana sobre la innovadora propuesta de la Teología de la Liberación del teólogo brasileño Rubem Alves. Se analiza primero la Teología de la Liberación en América Latina (aquí abreviada como TdL), tratando de investigar la influencia que sufrió de las Ciencias Sociales (aquí abreviadas como CdS), las cuales le prestaron las herramientas necesarias para teologizar sobre lo concreto-pensado. Se pretende mostrar cómo Rubem Alves abandonó una gramática marxista (penúltima realidad) y asumió un lenguaje humanista, interdisciplinario e integral más amplio sobre la libertad humana mediante una interpretación innovadora, no sólo de los textos bíblicos y evangélicos, sino de muchos poetas, teólogos, filósofos y una amplia gama
de otros pensadores. Desde el diálogo interdisciplinario y sus propias inquietudes y experiencias dolorosas, Alves centró al cuerpo como la prioridad axiológica de su Teología de la Liberación. Por último, se propone una Teología de la Liberación más integral, poética, trascendente y lúdica a partir del método pastoral tripartito ver-juzgar-actuar que, además de tomar en cuenta la multidimensionalidad y complejidad de la esencia humana que el cuerpo expresa, se vale de un lenguaje más dionisíaco y polifónica en la búsqueda de la liberación humana no sólo de la servidumbre económica, sino de todas las formas de represión.
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De l'invention du mourant à la figure de l'agonie. Recherche sur l'ultime épiphanie de la personne incarnée / From the invention of the dying, to the figure of agony : research on the final epiphany of the incarnated personTranchant, Blandine 11 January 2017 (has links)
A l’heure où la prise en charge médicale s’avère de plus en plus nécessaire pour accompagner la fin de vie, il nous apparait que sa place est de plus en plus importante et de moins en moins questionnée. Or, réduire la fin de vie à la question du mourant et de sa prise en charge est pour le moins problématique. L’arrêt d’hydratation et d’alimentation, les différentes formes de sédation, l’euthanasie, le suicide assisté, les soins palliatifs résument-ils à eux seuls ce que l’on peut dire de la fin de vie ? Peut-elle se résumer uniquement à une question d’ordre médical ? N’est-elle pas avant tout une question d’ordre existentiel où, à l’heure de notre déclin, nous sommes confrontés à l’agonie ? Souffrance et finitude se trouvent au cœur de notre interrogation et nous poussent à nous confronter au pâtir de la vie, nous dévoilant ainsi comme être de chair. Grâce à la philosophie henryenne, l’agonie va peu à peu se dévoiler comme une occasion ultime de révélation de soi à soi en tant que soi. Face à l’aporie du mal qui frappe, nous découvrons les hommes capables toujours d’y faire face par un effort de repersonnalisation. C’est cet effort nécessaire qui va se dévoiler tant dans le champ métaphysique, que dans le champ éthique, et que dans le champ politique. C’est ce même effort qui amène l’homme à prendre ses responsabilités et à répondre aux questions existentielles. La subjectivité de chacun se doit alors de devenir le centre de l’institution soignante. L’agonie devient possibilité de repenser la place de la personne au sein du système hospitalier : place de la personne soignante, de la personne soignée, de ceux qui accompagnent, tout en développant une éthique de l’accompagnement qui doit ensuite se décliner dans une politique. Car si, métaphysiquement, vivre son agonie ne peut se justifier que par l’Amour, éthiquement, il nous faut construire une nouvelle poétique de l’action faisant place à la fraternité issue de la chair, à l’imagination de l’homme pour répondre à l’appel d’autrui et de la vie, et à la subsidiarité, afin que chacun soit respecté dans son agir et sa conscience. Politiquement, cela nous ouvre alors à un système hospitalier respectueux de chaque « Je Peux » qui se déploie en son sein. Le respect du consentement du patient reste ainsi la pierre angulaire du système hospitalier ; mais il ne peut se construire que dans une alliance avec les soignants. / In the context of today’s world, medical care is becoming increasingly necessary to assist patients at the end of life. It appears that this care is taking on more and more importance and is subject to fewer and fewer questions. is less and less questioned. However, confining the end of life to the state of dying and its medical support is problematic. Can the end of life be resumed as stopping hydration and artificial feeding, sedation in its different forms, euthanasia, assisted suicide, and palliative care? Can it be summed up as a simple medical question? Isn’t the end of life, first and foremost, linked to an existential question in which, at the time of our decline, we come face to face with agony? Finiteness and suffering are at the heart of our questioning as we confront life’s hardships, revealing the mystery of the flesh. With the help of Michel Henry’s philosophy, agony will gradually reveal itself as an ultimate opportunity for self-revelation. Faced with the paradox of evil, we find Man capable of coping with an effort of re-personification. This necessary effort will unfold in the metaphysical, ethical and political fields. This same effort allows Man to take responsibility for himself and to contemplate existential questions. The subjectivity of each person must become the center of the healthcare institution. Agony becomes the possibility to rethink the place of the individual person within the hospital system: the care giver, the care receiver and those supporting them, all while developing an ethical personal assistance which must then translated into policies. Because even if metaphysically, living out agony cannot be otherwise justified but by Love, ethically we must build a new way of operating. We must leave room for fraternity as a consequence of being of the flesh, to imagination in order to respond to our fellow man and our life’s calling, and to subsidiarity so that everyone is respected in his actions and consciousness. Politically, it opens up the possibility of a hospital system respectful of each "I Can" which is echoed within its walls. Respect for the patient's consent remains the cornerstone of the hospital system but can only be built with an alliance with caregivers.
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Agir enseignant et « naturel » didactique en situation hétéroglotte : études d'interactions verbales en classe de FLE dans les universités russes : le cas des cours de deuxième et troisième années de l’université pédagogique de Vologda / Teaching action and « natural didactics » in a foreign language context : a study of verbal interaction in a FLE class in the Russian university : the case of the second and third year course at the teaching university of VologdaZlakomanova, Ludmila 17 June 2009 (has links)
Notre projet de recherche porte sur l’enseignement/apprentissage de l’oral en FLE aux étudiants russes de deuxième – et en partie de troisième - année de la faculté de langues de l’université pédagogique. Nous sommes notamment centrés sur l’agir de l’enseignant, celui-ci étant la figure clé assurant la progression du processus de l’apprentissage organisé dans une situation exolingue, en milieu hétéroglotte. Son rôle est plurifonctionnel, ses manifestations sont variables. Les polylogues pédagogiques se trouvent au cœur de nos analyses, dont le but est d’optimiser le processus d’enseignement/apprentissage par l’intermédiaire des modifications de l’agir de l’enseignant en y appliquant notre thèse du « naturel didactique » censée créer des conditions d’expression naturelles dans une situation didactique en motivant ainsi la parole des apprenants, d’une part, et en diminuant la dissymétrie des relations enseignant-apprenants, d’autre part.Les analyses quantitatives ont permis de dégager les particularités discursives des interactions verbales en groupe de FLE de l’université pédagogique russe, notamment la manière spécifique d’agir de l’enseignant. Les éléments dégagés de cette observation permettent d’ouvrir une réflexion sur la pédagogie à concevoir en contexte de la Russie. / Our research project is concerned with the teaching/apprentiship of oral French in the « French as a Foreign Language » (FLE) program for Russian students in the second and, in part, third years in the Faculty of Languages of the teaching university of Vologda. We concentrated in particular on the action of the teacher, since the teacher is the key actor who ensures progress in the learning process in a situation using a non-native language in a foreign language context. The teacher assumes multiple functions with varying manifestations. Pedagogical polylogues are at the heart of our analyses. They aim to optimize the process of teaching/learning by modifying the action of the teacher via the application of our hypothesis of « natural didactics ». This method favors the creation of conditions allowing natural expression in a didactic situation by motivating the learners to speak on the one hand, and by reducing the asymmetry of the teacher-student relation on the other. Quantitative analyses allowed us to isolate particular aspects of verbal interaction in a FLE group within the Russian teaching university and in particular the specific action of the teacher. The results of these observations open up the possibility of a study of pedagogical methods appropriate for use in Russia.
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Empowering voices: testimonial literature and social justice in contemporary American culture / Littérature de témoignage et justice sociale dans la culture contemporaine aux Etats-UnisLouckx, Audrey 05 September 2014 (has links)
Within the last three decades, contemporary North America came to reinvent a socially focused genre of literary personal narratives. These new editorial and writing projects, published in the form of collections of personal narratives, emerged as a tool for the socially voiceless to secure some measure of agency in their contemporary social and cultural situation. Projects such as the Freedom Writers’ Diary or volumes of the Voice of Witness book series fit in the process that is currently labeled social empowerment. Witnesses express a deep urge to share their story in the hope to denounce their experience of an enduring social injustice. The written word, primary a means for self-disclosure, serves to exorcise the suffering associated to this specific predicament. The narrators engage in a powerful self-investigative gesture oriented towards resilience and renewed enfranchisement in regaining control over their life and environment. At the moment of publication, however, these testimonies come to be validated as authentic examples of the injustices they disclose. These examples serve an educational purpose: raising the audience’s awareness and opening deliberative fora for these issues to be discussed and for solutions to be hammered out and eventually implemented. <p>The purpose of this dissertation is to propose a theoretical model for the subgenre of testimonials of social empowerment. With the concept of empowerment as groundwork, the model develops a textual approach framed in a psychosocial structure. I argue that testimonials may be described as examples of Jürgen Habermas’s communicative action. As speech acts aimed at reaching understanding, testimonials capitalize both on the binding and bonding aspects of illocutionary force in the hope to secure with their audience an ongoing dialogue over issues of social justice. The volumes, as unofficial public spheres, mobilize the normative and practical dynamics at work in social movements. These dynamics express as two narrative guiding threads: an aesthetic based on impact, and an ethics based on responsibility. The texts’ aesthetic develops a form of perlocutionary realism instantiating a sense of authenticity and sincerity embodied in the narrators’ voices. The resulting impact is coupled to moral concerns based on a polysemic understanding of social responsibility, on which narrators seek to build their narratives’ ethical potential. A series of case studies allowed to demonstrate that both narrative threads are realized as an appropriation of four paradigmatic forms of rhetorical ethos, each based on a specific realm of the social world: intimacy, justice, spirituality and activism.<p> / Doctorat en Langues et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Les principes directeurs du procès dans la jurisprudence du Conseil Constitutionnel / The Trial’s guiding principles in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional CouncilLestrade, Éric 21 November 2013 (has links)
Malgré le peu de fondements écrits consacrés à la justice dans le texte de la Constitution du 4 octobre 1958, le Conseil constitutionnel, en réalisant un travail d’actualisation à partir de la Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen, a permis l’émergence d’un droit constitutionnel processuel, construit autour de principes directeurs. Ceux-ci peuvent être répartis dans trois catégories : deux principales, selon que l’acteur du procès prioritairement concerné soit le juge ou les parties et une troisième, complémentaire, celle des garanties procédurales, permettant de favoriser les qualités essentielles du juge et de contrôler le respect des droits des parties. Une gradation des exigences du Conseil constitutionnel est discrètement perceptible entre les deux premières catégories de principes, plus facilement identifiable entre celles-ci et la dernière famille. Cette échelle décroissante de « densité » des principes directeurs du procès témoigne d’une véritable politique jurisprudentielle en matière de droit constitutionnel processuel, qui met l’accent sur l’accès au juge, doté des qualités indispensables à l’accomplissement de sa mission juridictionnelle. Toutefois, aussi satisfaisante que soit l’action du juge constitutionnel français à l’égard du droit du procès, celle-ci nécessiterait aujourd’hui le relais du constituant, afin de moderniser le statut constitutionnel de la justice. / In spite of a relatively low number of written dispositions dedicated to justice inside of the body of the Constitution of October 1958 4th, the constitutional Council, while updating this text through the Declaration of Human Rights, contributed to the development of a procedural constitutional law, which is structured around guiding principles. Those principles can be classified within three different categories : two major categories depend on the trial actor that is primarily concerned, either the judge or the parties; a third and additional category pertaining to procedural protections, fosters the essential qualities of the judge and secure the protection of the parties’ rights. A gradation of the requirements of the constitutional Council is discreetly perceptible between the first two categories of principles, and more easily identifiable between those first two categories and the last one. This decreasing scale of “density” yoked to the trial guiding principles highlights a genuine judicial policy when it comes to procedural constitutional law, emphasizing access to the judge, whom is given essential qualities in order to achieve its judicial duty. However, the action of the French constitutional judge, as satisfactory as it is towards the rights of the trial, would easily support the intervention of the constituent power in order to update Justice’s constitutional status.
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